survey operations pipeline inspection - ths.org.uk · types of survey positioning data processing...
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Survey Operations – Pipeline Inspection
HydroFest 11th April 2012
Kevin Donald
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Agenda
Why Inspect?
Definition of a Pipeline
Types of Survey
Positioning
Data Processing
The Future
Conclusions
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Why Inspect?
Legislation – Statutory Instruments
Cost of Failure
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Why Inspect?
• Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996
– To apply a common approach
to the control of risks from pipelines, both on and offshore
– To replace existing pipeline safety regimes with a single goal-setting group of regulations reflecting the general policy of the HASAWA 1974
‘‘The operator shall ensure that a pipeline is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working order and in good repair.”
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Why Inspect?
• Regulation 13 addresses pipeline maintenance and inspection requirements
– “The pipeline operator needs to consider both how and when the pipeline should be surveyed and examined to validate and maintain it is in a safe condition.”
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Why Inspect?
• Cost of Failure
– Environmental
– Loss of Production
– Repair / Replacement cost
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Pipeline Definition
Riser / Spoolpiece
Sealine
Landfall
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Pipeline Definition
• The Riser – connects production facility to subsea field
• The Spoolpiece – connects riser to sealine
• The Sealine – main export pipeline
• The Landfall – connects sealine and landfall terminal
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Pipeline Definition - Riser/Spoolpiece
• Most vulnerable in Splash Zone and can degrade rapidly due to
– Instability
– Current
– Wave Action
– Corrosion - electrical & chemical
– Movement
– Impact - Collision
• Inspection options
– Above sea level - RATS
– Splash Zone - RATS / divers
– Subsea - DP Vessel & ROVs
– Subsea - Platform based ROVs
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Pipeline Definition - Sealine
North Sea
• 20,000+km “pipeline”
• Pipelines: gas & oil & water
• Umbilicals - electric, hydraulic, chemical elements.
• Cables - electrical & fibre optic
• Multifunction pipeline bundles
At risk from
• Anchors & Trawl gear
• Instability
• Current & Wave Action
• Corrosion - electrical & chemical
• Buckling (upheaval & lateral)
• Munitions
Main Types of Inspection
• GI = Acoustic sensors • GVI = Visual sensors
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Pipeline Definition - Landfall The part of the export pipeline in the inshore zone
•TOB to @ 3km offshore.
•Through the inter-tidal zone.
•Buried, rock-dumped or in conduit.
•Protected
At Risk From:
•Anchors & Trawl gear
•Munitions
•Very Strong Currents
•Wave Action - to seabed
•Erosion / Deposition
•Beach activities
•Corrosion - chemical & electrical
Main types of Inspection
Conventional Inshore and Land Survey Methods
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Types of Survey
General Imaging (Acoustic)
General Visual Inspection
Landfall
RATS
Diver
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Types of Survey
Inspection Survey Platform Type / Method Component Notes / Restrictions
RATS Platform basedVisual - camerasNDT techniques
RiserDown to splash zone
Weather
DiverPlatform or
DP vessel based
Visual - camerasNDT techniques
Riser
Pipeline
Point structures
Landfalls
Depth, Current
Weather, Sea state
HSE
Landfall GI Inshore survey vessel
Hull mounted
Acoustic
CP snake
Pipelines
Inshore only
Weather, tides
Seastate @ 1m
Fishing gear
Structural GVIOil platform orDP survey vessel3 X Eyeball ROV’s
Visual – camerasNDT techniquesFMD
Legs
Structural members
Risers
Weather
Sea state @ 2m
Current, Visibility
Pipeline GISurvey vesselROTV
Towed SSSAcoustic
Pipelines
Structures
Seafloor structures only
Cannot stop
Current restrictions
Seastate @ 2m
Pipeline GVIDP survey vessel
WROV
DP follow sub
Visual – cameras
CP
Riser
Pipeline
Structures
Current restrictions
Visibility
Seastate @ 4.5 – 5 m
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Types of Survey – General Imaging (GI)
Sensors
• Sidescan Sonar
• Multibeam Echosounder
• Single Beam Echosounder
• Sub-Bottom Profiler
• Magnetometer
Sensor Platforms
• DP Vessel
• Towfish
• ROTV
• AUV
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Types of Survey – GI
Pipe in area of shallow scour
Pipe with seabed buildup towards sonar
Pipe with seabed buildup away from sonar
Pipe in suspension in scour trench
Pipe clearly spanning
Pipe in contact with the seabed
F
E
D
C
B
ASide Scan Sonar
Typical Pipeline Fingerprints
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Types of Survey – GI
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Types of Survey - GI
• Upheaval Buckling
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Types of Survey – GI
Multibeam Bathymetry
Point soundings used to
create DTM
Shaded Relief and or
Contours created
from DTM
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Types of Survey – GVI
Typical Focus Areas
• Lay comfort
• Freespans
• Pipeline damage
• Debris
• Anodes and cathodic protection
• Seabed features and targets
• Pipeline and cable crossings
• Lateral movement
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Types of Survey – GVI
Sensors
•Cameras
•Depth
•Altitude
•Cross Profilers
•Pipetrackers
•MBE Bathymetry
•SSS
•Cathodic Protection
•Temperature
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Types of Survey – GVI
• Cross Profilers
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Types of Survey – GVI
• Dual Cross Profilers
• ROV High Fly
• ROV Low Fly
ROV Low Fly
ROV High Fly
Flowline
Pipetracker
MSB
MBE
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Types of Survey – GVI
• GVI of Upheaval Buckle
• Estimated height 4m
• Bottom left image taken from
ROV sitting on seabed
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Types of Survey – GVI
UXO
• Air dropped mine
• Ordnance adjacent to pipeline
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Types of Survey – GVI
• Examples of damage to pipelines
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Types of Survey – Landfall
Sensors and Methods
•MBES
•Sidescan
•Sub bottom profiler
•Trailing Wire CP
•RTK GPS
•Small ROV
•Divers
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Types of Survey – Risers and spools
Sensors and Methods
• Rope Access Teams above splashzone
• Cameras on poles / divers in splash zone
• Eyeball ROV to the seabed - Vessel or platform deployed
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Positioning
Surface
Sub Surface
Timing
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Positioning
Surface
• GNSS – RTCM, PPP
• RTK
• INS – IMU/Heading
• Range bearing systems
Sub Surface
• USBL
• INS
• IMU
• Doppler Log
• Pressure Sensor
• CTD/SVP
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Data Processing
Navigation
Sensor Data
Pipeline Events
Data Formatting/Deliverables
QC
Data Storage
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Data Processing
• Process Navigation – remove outliers, run filter
• Process Depth/Pipetracker – apply tidal correction
• Clean Cross Profiler/MBE data
• Create 5 point files
• Review and Event Video
• SSS Target Interpretation
• Create Charts/Report
• Format data for client specified deliverable
• Data management
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Data Processing
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Data Processing
What the client wants
• Anomalies threatening integrity of asset - immediate
• Significant features - 24hrs
• All observable anomalies - 7 days
• Survey report and all events - 4 weeks
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Data Processing
Integrity Management:
Pipeline Reporting Inspection
System Multimedia
• Historical data allows trend analysis
• Drill down to detail
• Plan future Inspections
• Plan remedial works
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Data Processing
Anomalies
Identify Pipeline features that:
•Fall outside given criteria
•Cause concern for the integrity of the pipe
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The Future
Video
AIV
GIS
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The Future
Video
•HD
•Improved resolution & image/colour definition
•3D
•Depth of field
•LED Lighting
•Shock resistant & longer life
Challenge
•Data volume
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The Future - AIV
• Provides a cost-effective, low-risk inspection system to aid field survey and integrity management and intervention activities
• Operates directly from a host facility e.g. FPSO, platform or infield support vessels
• The AIV has no tether which enhances vehicle manoeuvrability and the capability to access confined spaces
• The AIV carries an array of navigation tools and sensors that are powered by its own onboard battery power source.
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The Future
GIS
• Slow adoption in the Oil Industry
• Can be delivered across the internet
• Repository for all pipeline data with a spatial component
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Summary
Pipeline inspection is a mature business
Methodologies for the use of the current tools are well established
New technology continues to deliver cost and efficiency benefits along with implementation challenges
The client in the office is getting closer and closer to the data
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10.01.11 42 Page
seabed-to-surface
www.subsea7.com