survey on cloud computing

International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – volume 4 Issue 9– Sep 2013

ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 3116

Survey on Cloud Computing S.Sathyavani M.C.A

1, T.P.Senthilkumar M.C.A.,M.Phil.,

2

1Mphil Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Gobi Arts and Science College, Gobi, Tamil Nadu, India.

2 Assistant professor , Department of Computer Science, Gobi Arts and Science College, Gobi, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Resource sharing in a pure plug and play model that

dramatically simplifies infrastructure planning is the promise of

“cloud computing‟. The two key advantages of this model are ease-

of-use and cost-effectiveness. Though there remain questions on

aspects such as security and vendor lock-in, the benefits this model

offers are many. This paper explores some of the basics of cloud

computing with the aim of introducing aspects such as: Realities

and risks of the model Components in the model Characteristics

and Usage of the model. The paper aims to provide a means of

understanding the model and exploring options available for

complementing your technology and infrastructure needs.

Index Terms—Cloud computing, uses of cloud, advantage. (Key

words)

I.INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet

and central remote servers to maintain data and application.

Cloud computing allows consumers and business to use

applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for

much more efficient computing by centralizing data storage,

processing and bandwidth. Cloud computing is general term for

anything that involves delivering hosted services over the

internet. The services are broadly divided into three categories:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (Paas),

and Software as Services (SaaS)[4]. Models include private,

public, hybrid and community cloud. Cloud computing

represents a major shift in information technology architecture

sourcing and services delivery. Many IT applications and

services can be structured and accessed as needed through virtualized architectures, either internally or through services

providers. Cloud computing is Yahoo email, Gmail or hot mail

etc. All you need is just an internet connection and you can start

sending email. The server and email management software is all

on the cloud (Internet) and is totally managed by the cloud

services provider Yahoo, Google etc. The consumer gets to use

software alone and enjoy the benefits. The analogy is ,“IF YOU

NEED MILK, WOULD YOU BUY A COW “, all the users or

consumer need is to get the benefits of using the software or

hardware of the computer like sending email etc., just to get this

benefit (Milk) why should a consumer buy a (Cow) software

/hardware?. For example Google hosts a cloud that consists of

both smallish pc and larger servers. Google’s cloud is a private

one (that is, Google owns it) that is publicly accessibly (by

Google user). Cloud services based on HTTP, HTML, XML,

JAVA SCRIPT or other Specific technologies.

I. BACKGROUND OF CLOUD COMPUTING

The concept of cloud computing has been evolving for

more than 40 years. In the 1960s, J.C.R. Licklider introduced

the term “intergalactic computer network” at the Advanced

Research Projects Agency. This concept served to introduce

the concept that the world came to know as the Internet. The

underlying premise was a global Interconnection of computer

programs and data. The term “cloud” originates from the

telecommunications world of the 1990s, when Providers

began using virtual private network (VPN) services for data

communication. VPNs maintained the same and width as

fixed networks with considerably less cost: these networks

supported dynamic routing, which allowed for a balanced utilization across the network and an increase in bandwidth

efficiency, and led to the coining of the term “telecom cloud.”

Cloud computing premise is very similar in that it provides a

virtual computing environment that’s dynamically allocated

to meet user needs. From a technical perspective, cloud

computing includes service oriented architecture (SOA) and

virtual applications of both hardware and software. Within

this environment, it provides a scalable services delivery

platform. Cloud computing shares its resources among a

cloud of service consumers, partners, and vendors. By sharing

resources at various levels, this platform offers various services, such as an infrastructure cloud (for example,

hardware or IT infrastructure management), a software cloud

(such as software, middleware, or traditional customer

relationship management as a service), an application cloud

(application, UML modeling tools, or social networks as a

service), and a business cloud (for instance, business

processes as a service. Today, the latest example of cloud

computing is Web 2.0; Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, and other

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service providers now offer browser-based enterprise service

applications (such as webmail and remote data backup). Now

that cloud computing has emerged as a viable and readily

available platform, many users from disparate backgrounds (for example, financial institutions, educators, or

cybercriminals) are sharing virtual machines to perform their

daily activities. This environment requires an implicit level of

trust as well as an explicit level of vigilance to ensure

success.

III.TYPES OF CLOUDS

Cloud computing uses several types of delivery model,

based on their characteristic and purpose. Cloud computing

technology is developed in different ways, with varying

internal or external ownership and technical architectures.

A. Vendor Cloud (External)

Cloud computing services from vendors that can be accessed

across the internet or a private network using one or more data

centers, shared among multiple customers with varying degrees

of data privacy control. Sometimes called “Public” cloud

computing[3].

A public cloud [2] is a model which allows users’ access to

the cloud via interfaces using mainstream web browsers. It’s

typically based on a pay-per-use model, similar to a prepaid

electricity metering system which is flexible enough to cater for

spikes in demand for cloud optimization. This helps cloud clients to better match their IT expenditure at an operational

level by decreasing its capital expenditure on IT infrastructure.

Types of cloud Public clouds are less secure than the other cloud

models because it places an additional burden of ensuring all

applications and data accessed on the public cloud are not

subjected to malicious attacks. Therefore trust and privacy

concerns are rife when dealing with Public clouds with the

Cloud SLA at its core. A key management consideration, which

needs to be, answered within the SLA deals with ensuring that

ample security controls are put in place. One option is for both

the cloud vendor and client mutually agree in sharing joint

responsibility in enforcing cloud checks and validation are performed across their own systems. The alternative option will

be for each party to set out individual roles and responsibilities

in dealing with cloud computing security within their utilization

boundaries

B. Private Cloud

Computing architectures modeled after vendor clouds,

yet built, managed and used internally by an enterprise; uses a

shared services model with variable usage of a common pool of

virtualizes computing resources. Data is controlled within the enterprise.A private cloud [2] is set up within an organization’s

internal enterprise datacenter. It is easier to align with security,

compliance, and regulatory requirements, and provides more

enterprise control over deployment and use. In the private cloud,

scalable resources and virtual applications provided by the cloud

vendor are pooled together and available for cloud users to share and use. It differs from the public cloud in that all the cloud

resources and applications are managed by the organization

itself, similar to Intranet functionality. Utilization on the private

cloud can be much more secure than that of the public cloud

because of its specified internal exposure. Only the organization

and designated stakeholders may have access to operate on a

specific Private cloud.

C. Hybrid cloud

A mix of vendor cloud services, internal cloud

computing architectures and classic IT infrastructure forming a

hybrid model that uses the best of breed technologies to meet specific needs

A hybrid cloud [2] is a private cloud linked to one or

more external cloud services, centrally managed, provisioned as

a single unit, and circumscribed by a secure network. It provides

virtual IT solutions through a mix of both public and private

clouds. Hybrid Clouds provide more secure control of the data

and applications and allows various parties to access information

over the Internet. It also has an open architecture that allows

interfaces with other management systems. To summarize, in the

cloud deployment model, networking, platform, storage, and

software infrastructure are provided as services that scale up or down depending on the demand[7]. In deciding which type of

Cloud to deploy, business managers’ needs to holistically assess

the security considerations from an enterprise architectural point

of view, taking into account the Information security differences

of each Cloud deployment

IV.TYPES OF MODELS

Cloud computing is general term for anything that

involves delivering hosted services over the internet. The

services are broadly divided into three categories: In

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (Paas),

and Software as Services (SaaS). Models include private, public, hybrid and community cloud.



ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org 118

Fig 1. Types of model

A.Software as a Service

Software as a service (SaaS) is the model in which an

application is hosted as a service to customers who access it via

the internet. When the software is hosted off-site, the customer

doesn’t have to maintain it or support it. On the other hand, it is

out of the customer’s hands when the hosting service decides to

change it. The idea is that you use the software out of the box as

is and do not need to make a lot of changes or require integration to other system.

Fig 1. SaaS

Software as a service makes use of a cloud computing

infrastructure to deliver on one application to many users,

regardless of their location, rather than the traditional model of

one application per desktop. It allows activities to be managed

from central location in a one- to -many model, including

architecture, pricing, partnering, and management

Characteristics.

Platform as a Service

Fig 2. PaaS

Platform as a Service (Paas) is another application

delivery mode [1]. PaaS supplies all the resources required to

build applications and services completely from the internet,

without having to download or install software.

PaaS services include application design, development,

testing, deployment, and hosting. Other services include team collaboration, web services integration, database integration,

security, scalability, storage, state management, and versioning.

A downfall to PaaS is lack of interoperability and portability

among providers. That is, if you create an application with one

cloud provider and decide to move to another provider, you may

not be able to do so-or you’ll have to pay a high price[5]. Also,

if the provider goes out of business, your applications and your

data will be lost.

B. Infrastructure as a Service

On-demand data centers also known as Infrastructure as a

Service (IaaS) provide computer power, memory, and storage,

typically priced per hour, based on resource consumption. You

pay only for what you use, and the services provide all the

capacity need, but you’re responsible for monitoring, managing,

and patching your on-demand infrastructure. The biggest

advantage of IaaS for government is that it offers a cloud- based

data center without requiring you to install new equipment or to

wait for the hardware procurement process- which means you

can get IT resources that otherwise might not available.




Fig 3. HaaS or IaaS

In the private sector, this use of cloud computing is rapidly

gaining ground, particularly among small business. In

government, the general Services Administration (GSA) hosts

USA.gov in the cloud to cut infrastructure costs.

V.ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

If used properly and to the extent necessary, working

with data in the cloud can vastly benefit all types of businesses.

Mentioned below are some of the advantages of this technology: Why Cloud Computing Is Ideal for Small Businesses

C. Cost Efficient

Cloud computing is probably the most cost efficient

method to use, maintain and upgrade. Traditional desktop

software costs companies a lot in terms of finance. Adding up

the licensing fees for multiple users can prove to be very

expensive for the establishment concerned. The cloud, on the

other hand, is available at much cheaper rates and hence, can

significantly lower the company’s IT expenses. Besides, there

are many one-time-payments, pay-as-you-go and other scalable options available, which make it very reasonable for the

company in question.

D. Unlimited Storage

Storing information in the cloud gives you almost

unlimited storage capacity. Hence, you no more need to worry

about running out of storage space or increasing your current

storage space availability.

E. Backup and Recovery

Since all your data is stored in the cloud, backing it up

and restoring the same is relatively much easier than storing the same on a physical device. Furthermore, most cloud service

providers are usually competent enough to handle recovery of

information. Hence, this makes the entire process of backup and

recovery much simpler than other traditional methods of data

storage.

F. Automatic Software Integration In the cloud, software integration is usually something

that occurs automatically. This means that you do not need to

take additional efforts to customize and integrate your

applications as per your preferences. This aspect usually takes

care of itself. Not only that, cloud computing allows you to

customize your options with great ease. Hence, you can

handpick just those services and software applications that you

think will best suit your particular enterprise.

G. Easy Access to Information:

Once you register yourself in the cloud, you can access

the information from anywhere, where there is an Internet connection. This convenient feature lets you move beyond time

zone and geographic issues.

F .Quick Deployment

Lastly and most importantly, cloud computing gives

you the advantage of quick deployment. Once you option for

this method of functioning, your entire system can be fully

functional in a matter of a few minutes. Of course, the amount of

time taken here will depend on the exact kind of technology that

you need for your business.

VI.RESEARCH CHALLENGES OF CLOUD

COMPUTING

In spite of its many benefits, as mentioned above, cloud

computing also has its disadvantages. Businesses, especially

smaller ones, need to be aware of these cons before going in for

this technology.

A.Technical Issues

Though it is true that information and data on the cloud

can be accessed anytime and from anywhere at all, there are

times when this system can have some serious dysfunction. You

should be aware of the fact that this technology is always prone

to outages and other technical issues. Even the best cloud service providers run into this kind of trouble, in spite of

keeping up high standards of maintenance. Besides, you will

need a very good Internet connection to be logged onto the

server at all times. You will invariably be stuck in case of

network and connectivity problems.

B. Security in the Cloud The other major issue while in the cloud is that

of security issues. Before adopting this technology, you should

know that you will be surrendering all your company’s sensitive

information to a third-party cloud service provider. This could

potentially put your company to great risk. Hence, you need to make absolutely sure that you choose the most reliable service

provider, who will keep your information totally secure.

C. Prone to Attack


http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/additionalresources/tp/The-Risks-Involved-In-Cloud-Computing.htm

http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/additionalresources/tp/Best-10-Cloud-Computing-Providers-For-2011.htm

http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/additionalresources/tp/Best-10-Cloud-Computing-Providers-For-2011.htm

http://mobiledevices.about.com/b/2011/10/28/mobile-security-and-the-enterprise-sector.htm



Storing information in the cloud could make your

company vulnerable to external attacks and threats. As you are

well aware, nothing on the Internet is completely secure and

hence, there is always the lurking possibility of stealth of sensitive data.

VII.CONCLUSION

Compared with the software theory and application,

cloud computing have a lot of benefits. So the development of

cloud computing is attracting more and more attention and

inspiring. Clients in future via the internet enjoy the services

more comfortable but pay less. Everything as a Service (XaaS)

model is coming. It is convinced that SaaS, PaaS and the new

type of commercial business infrastructure to help prospective

customers and buyers discover, purchase, deploy and manage,

which will radically accelerate this phenomenon of leading to business process and practices being apart and recombined in

completely new ways. But, unfortunately, the development of

cloud computing is still facing plenty of questions such as data

protection and read, cloud protocol, cloud safety and

communication between cloud vendors and users to be solved.

The cloud provides the infrastructure necessary to provide

services directly to customer over the internet. There are many

open issues regarding the cloud computing. This proposed cloud

will provide researcher and developer the ideas on the current

cloud system.

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