survey: embedded systems in power industry
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Survey: Embedded SystemsIn Modern Power Industry
CONTENTS
Distributed Control Systems
SCADA Systems
Communication ProtocolsDNP3
ProfiBUS
WirelessHART
DCS (Distributed Control Systems)
SCADA Systems
Communication ProtocolsDNP3
ProfiBUS
WirelessHART
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DCS (Distributed Control Systems)
Automation system for an independent Unit
Main Brain of the Power Plant
Provide Infrastructure for implementing the control system algorithms.
Complex Electronic system
Centre point of all Analog and Digital Signals
Major Market Players: ABB, Siemens, ALSTOM, Metso, GE
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DCS (Distributed Control Systems)
Layer 0: Embedded Processor
ASIC /FPGA / DSP Processors /SoC
FPGA: Reconfigurable
MIMO Design: 2k 10k I/O
Redundancy: An Important concept of systems engineering.
Vetical layers DCSSource: Metso Automation: MaxDNA SystemsMETSO MaxDNA Layer by layer division4
DCS (Distributed Control Systems)
Can be implemented as System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
Hardware/ Software Partitioning:Intellectual Property Re-use
Cost optimization
Maximize performance
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DCS (Distributed Control Systems)
Typical DCS Architecture for coal fired power plant Source: ALSTOM Alspa 6DCS Architecture
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CONTENTS
Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
SCADA Systems
Communication ProtocolsDNP3
ProfiBUS
WirelessHART
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SCADA Systems
SCADA Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
Used for very large complex electrical systemsSmart Grids
One system covers large no of substations, control stations, swicthyards, load dispatch centres
Data collection from different units, processing and logging
System Security from cyber attacks
I/O size: 20k to 450k I/O ports
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SCADA Systems
Typical architecture of SCADA System (Source: Juniper Networks)SCADA Architecture
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SCADA Systems
Key components:I/O hardware Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
Network backbone
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
Control and processing Systems
Database management
Security Software
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SCADA vs DCS
SCADAI/O ports: 20k - 450k
Event and Data acquisition oriented
Systems spread over a large geographical area
DCSI/O ports: 2k -15k
Process Oriented
Systems like power plants, which function as an independent unit
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CONTENTS
Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
SCADA Systems
Communication ProtocolsDNP3
ProfiBUS
WirelessHART
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DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol)
Communication protocol used in Power industry for data communication
Non proprietary protocol
Managed by DNP3 users group
Extensively used in SCADA systems,communication between Master control centre and RTUs
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DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol)
DNP3 Architecture
Physical LayerData Link layerApplication LayerDNP3 user softwareNetwork >>
S/WH/W14
DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol)
Frame Format for DNP3
ADDR.ADDR.LENCTRLLSBMSBLSBMSBLSBMSBSTARTDEST.SOURCE.CRCDIRPRMFCBFCV(DFC)FUNCTION CODEControl Byte
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DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol)
Protocol Implementation in RTUs
Implementation as FPGAs over ethernet/ RS232C
Protocol Performance with network traffic
Performance Analysis of DNP3 in a heterogeneous traffic environment [1]16
CONTENTS
Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
SCADA Systems
Communication ProtocolsDNP3
ProfiBUS
WirelessHART
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ProfiBUS Protocol
Acronym for Pro(cess)fi(field) bus
Communication protocol used in Power industry for data communication
Proprietary protocol
Developed by Siemens and BMBF (German Dept of Education and Research)
Extensively used in SCADA as well as DCS Systems
Architecture based on OSI Model (Open Systems architecture)
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ProfiBUS Protocol
2 typesProfiBUS DP (Decentralised Peripherals)
ProfiBUS PA (Process Automation)
Physical layer may be RS485 and Optical Fibre network
network topology change with DP/ PA/ coupled networks and type of physical layerDifferent bandwidth
Change in no of devices per network
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ProfiBUS Protocol
ProfiBUS Architecture
Physical LayerFDL----Network >>
--Direct Data link MapperUser InterfaceOSI layers not used by ProfiBUS20
CONTENTS
Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
SCADA Systems
Communication ProtocolsDNP3
ProfiBUS
WirelessHART
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WirelessHART Protocol
Standard wireless protocol used in process automation industry
Used in Wireless Instrumentation
Major AdvantagesSavings in Material (Network/Copper cable)
Easy Maintenance
Reliability
RisksData Security/ Protection from cyber attacks
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WirelessHART Protocol
4 Layer AbstractionGateway
Network Manager
Field Devices
Security manager
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WirelessHART Protocol
WirelessHART Architecture
WirelessHART architecture. Certain Layers of OSI architecture are missing.Source: [2]24
WirelessHART Protocol
Mesh topology in a power plant using WirelessHART
Communication of RTUs with control centre via gateways. Source [2]25
WirelessHART Protocol
Honeywell XYR6000 series Instruments based on WirelessHART technology
Pressure TransmittersTemperature TransmittersPosition Transmitters26
References
[1] Alcides Ortega,Christiane Marie Schweitzer, Performance Analysis of Smart Grid Communication Protocol DNP3 over TCP/IP in a Heterogeneous Traffic Environment - Ilha Soltiera Brazil[2] Jianping Song et al., WirelessHART: Applying Wireless Technology in Real-Time Industrial Process Control, IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium. Image sources taken from various product manufacturers mentioned along with the image.
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THANK YOU
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