surmises of the gxs enquiry

8/6/2019 Surmises of the GXS Enquiry

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Dcdnyt`ldn \ura`sms of d HZ\ \trdtmhy Gdrr`ch Normc Edtd Lorp froa @ctmrloccmlt`ch to tjm

UHA\ VDC.

Aocedy Ady 7<

Dndc E. X`nmcsky, Locsunt`ch Dcdnyst to Normc Edtd Lorp.

Mxmlut`vm \uaadry

Cotm9 Gdlkhrouce `cforadtòc oc tjm Normc Edtd Lorp v. HZ\ Dct`trust Ndwsu`t, smm tjm footcotms dce

dppmce`lms for suppnmamctdry gr`mf`chs.

Ujm tjmory ucemrny`ch HZ\‐ rmfusdn to `ctmrloccmlt w`tj Normc Edtd Lorp‐s MLHrè ME@ cmtwork rmndtms

to tjm aoamctua of G7G smrv`lms, spml`f`ldnny, tjm `clrmdsme dvd`ndg`n`ty of wmg gdsme G7G

dppn`ldtòcs (lnoue loaput`ch, \DD\4 or oc-emadce smrv`lms) gmloa`ch dc dllmptme aoemn of

locsua`ch suppny ljd`c @U smrv`lms. Ujm G7G \mrv`lm Rrovèmr aoemn, mxmapn`f`me gy loapdc`ms sulj

ds \R\ Loaamrlm dce E` Lmctrdn, `s dt oees w`tj d HZ\ wornev`mw of gucenme, ldpt`vm smrv`lms. G7G

\mrv`lm Rrovèmrs dnso sjow d tmcemcly to prmfmr Normc Edtd ME@ Cmtwork smrv`lms ovmr tjm ME@ VDCoffmr`chs of HZ\ or `ts `nk.

Ujm emldy`ch VDC adrkmt7 fdlms cmhdt`vm ln`mct pmrlmptòcs of tjm nmhdly provèmrs, w`tj HZ\ nmde`ch

tjm cmhdt`vm smctàmct trmce ds amdsurme gy tmxtudn dcdnys`s of gnohs dce ford ldtmr`ch to profmssòcdn

e`slussòcs of G7G top`ls. Uj`s gonstmrs tjm dutjor‐s op`còc< tjdt cmw ME@ Vmcturms dce lorpordtm mce-

usmrs drm drm turc`ch froa tjm VDCs to smmk dntmrcdt`vms - tj`s eycda`l `s tjm VDC mxoeus.

Normc Edtd Lorp jds loctr`gutme sugstdct`dnny to tjm devdclmamct of ME@ cmtwork smrv`lms eur`ch d

pmròe loapnmtmny gmrmft of `ccovdtòc. D hrmdt `csurhmclm of sadnn dce ameùa gus`cmssms gmhdc

fnolk`ch to tjm n`kms of \R\ Loaamrlm dce otjmr oc-emadce G7G \mrv`lm provèmr loapdc`ms, dce

tjmsm aè adrkmt mctrdcts wmrm jdre-prmssme `c deopt`ch ME@ eum to tjm suckmc losts of softwdrm dce

trd`c`ch. \mrv`lm Rrovèmrs adem ME@ dllmss`gnm to tjm \AM v`d tjm wmg - d aoemn cow wmnn kcowc

ds ‚\DD\‐ or ‚Lnoue Loaput`ch‐.

Mnmltroc`l Loaamrlm \mrv`lm Rrovèmrs jde co ems`rm to rm-lrmdtm ME@ loaauc`ldtòcs fdl`n`t`ms froa

wjonm lnotj, dce wmrm forlme to smnmltme daoch tjm mxtdct VDCs for loaauc`ldtòcs. Ujm VDC‐s

rmndtòcsj`p to tjm \mrv`lm Rrovèmrs `s prognmadt`l jowmvmr, ds VDCs eupn`ldtm tjm offmr`chs of tjmsm

fdst aov`ch Loaamrlm Vmcturms. Ujm rmsuntdct ucmdsm gmtwmmc VDCs dce ML\Rs, mdlj smnn`ch `cto

tjm otjmr‐s ljdccmns5, rmh`stmrs ds d jost`nm emtmctm tjrmdtmc`ch to mrupt dt tjm sn`hjtmst provoldtòc.

4\oftwdrm ds d smrv`lm, (v`d tjm wmg growsmr)

7Ujm VDC adrkmt ady gm emldy`ch daèst guyouts dce wrochjmdeme `c`t`dt`vms, gut ME@ provème gy dntmrcdt`vm provèmrs `s

hrow`ch< Xm a`hjt dee tjdt tjm hmcmrdn mxoeus froa VDCs, to smnf-adcdhme jugs (tjm co-VDC dntmrcdt`vms), `s syaptoadt`l of tjm

poor stdtm of VDC smrv`lms `c tjm myms of mce-usmrs. Uj`s `s d stroch, cmhdt`vm stdtmamct gdlkme gy dltòcs - tjm tdk`ch oc of

loapnmx `c-jousm `cfrdstrulturm to sàpny n`gmrdtm dc orhdc`zdtòc froa d ldpt`vm smrv`lms drrdchmamct. Uj`s `s wjy tjm G7G

smrv`lm provèmrs dce Mctmrpr`sm 7.2 vmceors drm tjr`v`ch, dce po`sme to tdkm rmad`c`ch adrkmt froa tjm nmhdly VDCs..5 w`tj ocm wjonny empmcemct oc tjm otjmr for loaauc`ldtòcs



\tdrt`ch `c tjm 4002‐s, dftmr aulj emvmnopamct, smvmrdn nmde`ch smrv`lm provèmrs smnmltme Normc Edtd

Lorp ds tjm`r prmfmrrme loaauc`ldtòcs provèmr, ocm tdrhmt`hc dce mcjdc to tjm`r gus`cmss aoemn.

MLHrè ldam to tjm adrkmt, offmr`ch ucgucenme, mcjdclme=, stdce dnocm loaauc`ldtòcs. Normc Edtd

Lorp‐s mxmlut`vm nmdemrsj`p adem tjm e`ff`lunt eml`sòc to cot pursum mce-usmr dlloucts. MLHrè

tjmrmform gmldam tjm ML\R‐s jdvmc dhd`cst e`vmrsòcdry gdlk eoor sdnms tdlt`ls of VDCs smnn`ch

loccmlt`v`ty, fonnowme gy d pjdndcx `cto d \mrv`lm Rrovèmr‐s ln`mct gook6.

D noch, torturme nmhdly of tjm HZ\ rmndtòcsj`p to Normc Edtd

Ocm a`hjt tj`ck tjdt mvmc d tmc ymdr e`sputm a`hjt jdvm gmmc sdnvme gy loon-jmdeme profmssòcdns, gut

dc mc`hadt`l qumstòc `s ymt to gm dcswmrme to tjm sdt`sfdltòc of dcy ogsmrvmr9 wjy woune HZ\,

loapdcy 5=2+ tàms tjm s`zm of Normc Edtd Lorp wdstm tàm dce aocmy emfmce`ch d ndwsu`t, wjmc

tjmy loune iust ds mds`ny hrdct tjm `ctmrloccmltòc, lrusj`ch sulj dc `cs`hc`f`ldct loapmt`tor `c eum

loursm, v`d jost`nm pr`l`ch dce sdturdtòc adrkmt`ch?

Wmde`ch tjrouhj tjm lorrmspocemclms of Amssrs. Houne dce \ldnd eoms cot lndr`fy tjm `ssums dt dnn, ds

HZ\ ljmst gmdt`ch ovmr grdce`ch, toponohy, dce gus`cmss aoemns `s d turhè dadnhda of smnf-smrv`ch,

loctr`vme tmras of drt. HZ\‐ pos`tòc, ds stdtme `c tjm `cfdaous nmttmr, nmdvms otjmrw`sm wmnn-`cforamermdemrs w`tj tjm àprmssòc of d eoluamct pmccme gy loaa`ttmm, ocm smqumstmrme gmj`ce tjm locf`cms

of d HZ\ pdrdpmt rmaovme froa tjm loclmrcs of ME@ mce usmrs, dce e`sloccmltme froa tjm `ssums

ljdnnmch`ch tjm G7G `ceustry.

Ds tjm sàpnmst mxpndcdtòc `s oftmc tjm aost dllurdtm, tjm rmdsocs for HZ\ emcy`ch Normc Edtd

MLHrè `ctmrloccmltòc ds d smttnmamct-frmm pmmr, aust gm fmdr `c `ts aost gds`l adc`fmstdtòc.

HZ\ fmdrs tjm `ccovdtòcs of Uoee Houne, d tmljc`ldn foucemr of d loapdcy w`tj `cs`hjt dce sk`nn

(Houne `s tjm mch`cmmr, drlj`tmlt, dce prohrdaamr of MLHrè), dgnm to emn`vmr sonutòcs `cto tjm eycda`l

dce hrow`ch mce of tjm G7G adrkmt, dce dlloapn`sj`ch tjmsm tmljc`ldn fmdts w`tj d spmme HZ\ lounecmvmr jopm adtlj. Uo gr`ch devdclmamcts `cto d smttnme `ctmrloccmltme adrkmt dssuams tjdt tjm truny

àportdct ‚funlrua‐ `ssums drm funny ucemrstooe `c dnn tjm`r emtd`ns; cot gm`ch lohc`zdct of tjmsm adkm /

grmdk `ssums rmnmhdtms d tmljc`ldn adrkmt pdrt`l`pdct froa adk`ch dcy sugstdct`vm loctr`gutòc,

rmhdrenmss of tjm cuagmr of outsourlme mch`cmmrs empnoyme.

Dc àpdrt`dn jdrvmst`ch of smctàmct sourlme froa vdròus oc-n`cm e`slussòc vmcums nmdvms tjm

àprmssòc of d HZ\ tjdt loune cot loapmtm w`tj Normc Edtd Lorp oc d nmvmn pndy`ch f`mne, `c dcy tàm

frdam, dt dcy lost. Ujm pugn`l pmrlmptòc `s of d loapdcy w`tj d edadhme grdce, `ts tmljc`ldn

drlj`tmlturm fndwme, dce `ts dg`n`ty to dlt ds `ceustry stmwdre of `ccovdtòcs dce stdcedres, `c qumstòc .

Amrmny opmrdt`ch `ts lurrmct systmas loapmtmctny smmas to mvdem tjm hrdsp of HZ\.

Wdtòcdnm

=Ujmr jde cot gmmc forwdre aovmamct `c tjm ME@ loaauc`ldtòcs rmpmrto`rm for emldems, uct`n Uoee Houne‐s MLHrè offmrme

mcjdclme loctron of tjm amssdhm strmda, emtd`nme loctrons ems`hcme for smrv`lm provèmrs, dce d prohrdaadgnm `ctmrfdlm for

lustoa ME@ systmas of tjm cmw oremr..6Ujm ln`mct gook`chs of smrv`lm provèmrs or dcy trde`ch rmndtòcsj`ps drm trdcspdrmct to dcy ME@ Cmtwork sjdamnmss mcouhj

to jdrvmst dce mxpno`t ME@ amssdhm edtd.



@f tjm lorm `ssum truny loclmrcs `ctmrloccmltòc, tjmc d sàpnm mxpndcdtòcs ady gm gmst, ds fonnows9

HZ\ jds gmhuc tjm prolmss of jmre`ch `ts ndrhmst ln`mcts octo tjm UHA\ VDC, mxpno`t`ch tjm UHA\

hdtmwdy, or rout`ch goremr, dce sugsmqumctny drg`trdh`ch dllmss to soam of tjm ndrhmst suppny ljd`c

opmrdtòcs tjdt drm rmsèmct ln`mcts oc tjm HZ\ cmtworks, ad`cny UHA\. Ujmsm dltòcs wmrm

dlloapn`sjme w`tj Rr`vdtm Mqu`ty fuce`ch, gy dlqu`r`ch tjm tjrmm ndrhmst ME@ cmtworks8 tjdt wmrm jost

to cuamrous prmst`hòus rmtd`nmrs dce adcufdlturmrs. @ctmrloccmltòc drg`trdhm `s tjm dlt ofgndlkad`n`ch otjmr cmtwork provèmrs, tmst`ch wjo w`nn dlqu`mslm to tjm tjrmdt of pdy to pndy , rmhdrenmss

of d trde`ch pdrtcmr‐s r`hjt to ljoosm d prmfmrrme cmtwork. @t woune cot gm drg`trdhm `f HZ\ uc`forany

smttnme edtd trdcs`t`ch dlloucts w`tj dnn cmtworks gè`rmltòcdnny, gut tj`s jds cot gmmc tjm ldsm `c tjm

ME@ VDC adrkmt - HZ\ `s loccmltme to eozmcs of lonnmh`dn opmrdtors `c coc-smttnmamct dhrmmamcts

wjmrm cm`tjmr pdrty pdys tjm otjmr. @c tjm ldsm of Normc Edtd Lorp, HZ\ jds emlème to cot ocny

emadce smttnmamct, gut to `ctmctòcdnny ucemr-prov`sòc tjm MLHrè-UHA\ `ctmrloccmltòc v`d d

ad`ngox drrdchmamct.

X`tj sulj d ndrhm popundtòc of sugslr`gmrs hd`cme gy ronn`ch up tjm @GA, @cov`s, dce HM@\ VDCs, otjmr

cmtwork opmrdtors drm dt tjm amrly of HZ\ `c `ts ldapd`hc to ovmrtjrow emldems of VDC pmmr`ch pon`ly

- mx`st`ch VDCs rmad`c`ch w`tj nmhdly coc-smttnmamct `ctmrloccmlts to UHA\ drm tonmrdtme eum to tjm`rdg`n`ty to mffmlt d rmtdn`dtòc `c d rout`ch wdr, or drm tonmrdtme ds coc-tjrmdtmc`ch mct`t`ms tjdt w`nn gm

ad`ctd`cme uct`n sulj d tàm ds HZ\ emmas tjdt spml`f`l `ctmrloccmlt supmrfnuous.

Ds tj`s `s dc mxda`cdtòc of pon`ly, dce cot d tmljc`ldn trmdt sm, HZ\ ady gm loapdrme to tjm prm

e`vmst`turm DU&U. Dce, iust ds tjm f`rst amhd aocopon`ms, (tmnlos, rd`nrodes, dce pmtro-p`pmn`cm

aocopon`ms) mxpno`tme dllmss to `cfrdstrulturm v`d `ctmrloccmltòc dgusms, tjmsm tdlt`ls gmldam

èmct`f`me ds emtràmctdn to loccmltme adrkmtpndlms, dce ndtmr, gmldam r`lj foeemr for EOI dct`trust

dltòcs.

Ujmrmform, tjm mstdgn`sjme systmas of lonnmh`dn (coc-smttnmamct) `ctmrloccmltòcs, pràdr`ny loclm`vmeto mstdgn`sj dce mcjdclm tjm adrkmts tjmy smrvm gy offmr`ch tjm trde`ch pdrtcmrs hnogdn loccmlt`v`ty, `s

sàpny ucemr s`mhm. Xm jdvm, ds d sol`mty, loam to mxpmlt sulj wèm drmd loccmlt`v`ty froa aoemrc,

cmtworkme smrv`lms. Xm sjoune cot tonmrdtm `cluagmct cmtworks wjo jdaamr loapmt`tors w`tj

`ctmrloccmltòc drg`trdhm; to dnnow sulj pon`l`ms to rmmamrhm `c tjm ME@ adrkmt, dftmr gm`ch rmcemrme

ogsonmtm `c adcy otjmr smltors, `s d syaptoa of adnd`sm w`tj`c tjm rmhundtory dhmcl`ms

Cotms oc Iust`f`ldtòcs9

Uj`s dutjor `s ucdgnm to rmlocl`nm tjm fdlt tjdt HZ\ jds, eur`ch d pmròe of `ceustry upjmdvdn, rmtd`cme

d ln`mctmnm so wortjy of trdcsforadtòc `cto ogimlts of nmvmrdhm, `cto gus`cmss rmndtòcs to loceult tjm

strdtmh`ms mxmlutme gy tjm drg`trdhmurs mapnoyme gy HZ\ @cl.

Otjmr `ctmrloccmltòc empmcemct adrkmts rmadrkdgny sà`ndr to tjm ME@ Loaauc`ldtòcs adrkmt,

jdvm dnso struhhnme w`tj `ctmrloccmltòc drg`trdhm. Ujm @cluagmcts drg`trdhmurs wjo loceultme sulj

ldapd`hcs wmrm fouce to jdvm m`tjmr sk`rtme tjm ndw or jdvm fouce tjmasmnvms founme `c tjm cmt of ].\.

Dct`trust \tdtutms.

8HM@\, @cov`s, dce @GA @M



Dce cow, qu`tm cmdrgy to HZ\ JT, d Fmemrdn Iuehm `c Hrmmcgmnt, AE, `s locsèmr`ch tjm pmce`ch

aotòcs tjdt w`nn emlèm tjdt fdtm of Normc Edtd Lorp v. HZ\ @cl., emf`c`ch tjm futurm loceult of tjm

gus`cmss of `ctmrloccmltòcs gmtwmmc Vdnum Deeme Cmtworks dce @cempmcemct, \pml`dn`zme ME@

Cmtwork Rrovèmrs.

Uo gm emtmra`cme9

4) Drm `ctmrloccmltòcs cotj`ch aorm tjdt tmas of nmvmrdhm, to gm mxpno`tme `c oremr to lmamct dc

`cluagmct‐s adrkmt pos`tòc, ds d sugst`tutm for frmsj èmds dce `ccovdt`vm sonutòcs?

7) @s `ctmrloccmltòc d prdlt`lm loceultme for tjm adrkmt‐s noch tmra v`dg`n`ty, àpnmamctme sonmny oc

gmjdnf of trde`ch pdrtcmrs wjo w`nn emtmra`cm, gy mxmrl`s`ch tjm`r e`slmrcamct of tjm adrkmt gdsme

amr`ts, smnmlt d cmtwork tjdt w`nn gmst smrvm tjm`r cmmes?

HZ\ f`ces `tsmnf `c tjm mcv`dgnm pos`tòc of DU&U gmform K`chsgury‐s Loaa`tamct to tjm @LL: , of

\tdcedre O`n gmform tjm Urust-Gust`ch mrd, dce of cuamrous w`rm-n`cm opmrdtors0 h`vmc Ldrtm Gndcljm

gy nmh`sndtors dce Wmhundtors. Dcy of tjm dformamctòcme stdkmjonemrs st`nn dejmr`ch to dc dct`qudtmecotòc of ‚gmcmf`l`dn aocopony‑ drm drt`fdlts of d gyhocm mrd jdch`ch oc gy tjm`r f`chmrcd`ns for emdr n`fm.

X`nn HZ\, potmct`dnny prmvd`n`ch dhd`cst Normc Edtd Lorp, d loapdcy 4/5=2tj of `ts s`zm, locvmrt tjm

mssmct`dn prdlt`lm of loopmrdt`vm `ctmrloccmltòc gmtwmmc lonnmh`dn loapmt`tors, `cto cotj`ch aorm

tjdc dc `cstruamct of loapmt`t`vm nmvmrdhm. to gm turcme upoc mvmry \mrv`lm Rrovèmr, VDC, dce smnf-

dea`c`stmrme lorpordtm suppny ljd`c jug?

Normc Edtd Lorp, fouceme gy Uoee Houne `c 40:8, `f `t prmvd`ns, loune potmct`dnny smt tjm @ceustry‐s tdgnm

for Wmcd`ssdclm wjmrm `ctmrloccmlts drm d propmr nugr`ldct of hrowtj, dce d pndtfora for devdclme

cmtwork smrv`lms. Iuehm mvmr so dstutmny, Adh`strdtm.

Locfouce`ch HZ\ Iust`f`ldtòcs

@c d sma`cdn nmttmr gy HZ\ Mxmlut`vm VR \tmvm \ldnd (HZ\) sdys, (pdrdpjrdsme jmrm) tjdt, „wm ldccot

gm dssurme of qudn`ty, ndtmcly, mtl., wjmc dnnow`ch Normc Edtd to jdce off trdff`l to otjmr systmas, or to

otjmrw`sm gmloam dc drg`tmr of wjo sjdnn trdcs`t trdff`l ovmr UHA\‑ ( tjm trde`ch pdrt`ms mx`st`ch d pròr`

of `ctmrloccmltòcs drm cot amctòcme, {dutjor}), `c mssmclm stdt`ch, „wm eo cot wdct HZ\

`ctmrloccmltòcs emaolrdt`zme, dce eo cot wdct smrv`lm provèmr trdff`l lross`ch UHA\ v`d

`ctmrloccmlts grokmrme gy d spml`dn`st ME@ cmtwork wjoasomvmr‑. HZ\ locfusms tjm cdturm of ME@

trde`ch rmndtòcsj`ps!

HZ\ `s ucdsjdame of noh`ldn `clocs`stmcl`ms9 HZ\ rout`cmny tdkms edtd trdcs`t gus`cmss froa tjm

smrv`lm provèmrs, dce tjmy eo so rmhundrny. @c dee`tòc to HZ\ a`sucemrstdce`ch (emn`gmrdtmny

mxpno`t`ch) tjm cdturm dce cmmes of `ts ln`mcts, jè`ch tjma gmj`ce tjm UHA\ rout`ch goremr, dct`trust

:jttp9//www.ldto.orh/pugs/iourcdn/liv45c7-6.jtan0VDCs ds or`h`cdnny locst`tutme wmrm f`rany `c tjm w`rm-n`cm ldap gmform tjm @ctmrcmt rmvonutòc.r`pm for rmhundtòc ds ldrr`mrs of

tjm sdam lr`t`ldn suppny ljd`c dce oremr edtd tjdt prmvòusny rmhundtme tmnmhrdpj dce UNZ provème.

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emfmcsm loucl`n, Ljdegourcm dce Rdrkm, emn`gmrdtmny portrdys HZ\ trde`ch pdrtcmrs ds propr`mtdry

dssmts of tjm HZ\ VDC .

\ldnd, HZ\ mt dn, `hcorm tjm fdlt tjdt, 4) vdnè amssdhms gmtwmmc autudn, loaamrl`dn trde`ch pdrt`ms

trdcs`t MLHrè , 7) tjmy drm locvmyme v`d smrv`lm provèmrs oc gmjdnf of tjm trde`ch pdrtcmrs, <) wjo

`c`t`dtm trdcsdltòcs. Ujmsm trde`ch rmndtòcsj`ps mx`st d pròr` of d HZ\ loccmltòc to HZ\ ln`mcts

(autudnny pdrt`l`pdt`ch `c gmcmf`l`dn, loctrdltudn trde`ch rmndtòcsj`ps w`tj tjm dformamctòcme pdrt`ms(locvmy`ch tjm`r edtd v`d MLHrè dce tjm \mrv`lm Rrovèmrs), tjmrmform, `s HZ\ emn`gmrdtmny, dce w`tj

formtjouhjt, `ctmrfmr`ch `c tjm trdem of tjm pdrt`ms?

Uo tjm po`ct, tjm amssdhms ldrr`me ovmr d rml`proldn rout`ch pdtj `s ds àportdct to d HZ\ trde`ch

pdrtcmr ds tjmy drm to tjm trde`ch pdrtcmrs oc MLHrè dce tjm \mrv`lm Rrovèmrs. Uo sdy tjdt tjm HZ\

ln`mcts drm „pr`v`nmhme‑, or „propr`mtdry‑, `s d loapnmtm a`sljdrdltmr`zdtòc of trde`ch rmndtòcsj`ps

mcdgnme gy ME@ systmas - d fdlt Ljdegourcm dce Rdrkm `hcorm or a`slocstrum `c tjm`r aotòc42.

„ Xjdt tj`s su`t `s rmdnny dgout `s tjdt Normc Edtd wdcts frmm dllmss, dce HZ\ jds suhhmstme tjdt Normc

Edtd sjoune pdy for `t. Ujm dct`trust ndws eo cot rmqu`rm HZ\ to emdn w`tj Normc Edtd dt dnn. Ujmy

lmrtd`cny eo cot rmqu`rm tjdt HZ\ h`vm dwdy tjm fru`t of `ts ndgor for frmm. Wdtjmr tjdc loapmtm for tjosmlustoamrs oc tjm amr`ts, Normc Edtd dsks tj`s lourt to gmstow oc `t tjm lustoamrs dce tmras of

gus`cmss tjdt Normc Edtd jds gmmc ucdgnm to smlurm tjrouhj `ts owc dluamc `c tjm adrkmt. Normc

Edtd's su`t `s cot dgout rmstor`ch loapmt`tòc, `t's dgout protmlt`ch Normc Edtd‑. De cdusmua...

Rdrt`lundr dttmctòc aust gm pdè to tjm tmras, „tjosm lustoamrs‑, dt tjm lrux of Ljdegourcm‐s sugimlt

adttmr, dpdrt froa tjm nmhdn, dct`trust tmljc`ldn`t`ms. Xjo drm „tjosm lustoamrs‑? Drm tjmy „Urde`ch

Rdrtcmrs‑, noldtme oc UHA\? @f so, dc `ctmrloccmltòc gmtwmmc MLHrè dce UHA\ w`nn cot usurp HZ\‐

rmndtòcsj`p w`tj „tjosm ln`mct‐s‑, gut w`nn pmra`t mnmltroc`l amssdhm rout`ch, `.m., trde`ch,

gmtwmmc „tjosm Ln`mcts‑, dce tjm trde`ch pdrt`ms tjdt jdvm smnmltme MLHrè, v`d tjm`r smrv`lm provèmrs,

dllore`ch to tjm`r frmm adrkmt w`nn, pmrlm`vme vdnum, dce Normc‐s dluamc `c ldptur`ch tjm gus`cmss oftjmsm louctmr-pdrt`ms to dc ME@ trdcsdltòc.

Cot pdrmctjmt`ldnny, tjm Ljdegourcm aotòc dhd`c homs oc to a`sstdtm, „Normc Edtd dsks tj`s lourt to

gmstow oc `t tjm lustoamrs dce tmras of gus`cmss tjdt Normc Edtd jds gmmc ucdgnm to smlurm tjrouhj

`ts owc dluamc `c tjm adrkmt.‑

Ujm tmras, „tjm lustoamrs‑, „tmras of gus`cmss‑, dce „owc dluamc‑, j`hjn`hjtme, drm dhd`c, d loapnmtm

e`ssmagn`ch of tjm fdlts; Normc Edtd Lorp eoms cot cmme HZ\ Lustoamrs „gmstowme upoc `t‑, Normc

Edtd Lorp amrmny smmks tjm sdam pmmr`ch dce pdr`ty of `ctmrloccmltòc mcioyme gy tjm mct`rm VDC

`ceustry to HZ\-UHA\, so tjdt Normc Edtd Lorp MLHrè lustoamrs, wj`lj Normc Edtd lmrtd`cny

jds smlurme v`d `ts „ owc dluamc‑ , ady ndwfunny trdcsdlt us`ch ME@ eoluamcts. HZ\ hrdcts tjmsmstdcedre `ctmrloccmltòcs to `ts lj`mf r`vdn, \tmrn`ch loaamrlm dce eozmcs of otjmr VDCs ds coc-

smttnmamct dhrmmamcts.

D propmr mxda`cdtòc of HZ\ VDC `ctmrloccmltòcs woune sjow, `c Ljdegourcm‐s pdrndclm, tjdt tjm

fru`t of HZ\‐ ndgor `s mxposme v`d `ts rout`ch rmdlj v`d `ts `ctmrloccmltòcs. Ujmrmform, tjm po`cts of tjm

42Ljdegourcm stueòusny dvoès tjm „wjy‑ of `ctmrloccmlt oc emc`dn or hrdct.



aotòc tjdt aust gm rmfutme oc sugimlt adttmr, sjoune prolmme oc tjm locfusòc ds to wjo „tjosm

lustoamrs‑ drm, dce wjdt ronm tjmy ollupy `c dc ME@ mcdgnme rmndtòcsj`p.

@t `s pdtmctny dgsure tjdt Ljdegourcm or HZ\ mxpmlts d lourt or dcy smct`mct pdrty to loclmem tjdt tjm

pdrt`ms io`cme v`d dc ME@ trde`ch pdrtcmrsj`p gm rmsèmct oc ocm, dce ocny ocm, cmtwork. @c tjdt loctmxt,

tjm locstrult of „tjosm lustoamrs‑, adkms pmrfmlt smcsm. Dnds, HZ\ hrdcts `ctmrloccmltòcs w`tjout

smttnmamct, to tjm vdst adior`ty of dt-sldnm ME@ cmtwork opmrdtors, `clnue`ch @GA-\tmrn`ch, tjm`r aostedchmrous devmrsdry. Xjy?

Dnn otjmr HZ\ `ctmrloccmlts

HZ\ eoms cot locsèmr dcy of `ts VDC `ctmrloccmlts, mvmc tjm @GA-\tmrn`ch `ctmrloccmlt, d „tdk`ch of

HZ\‐ Fru`tfun Ndgors‑‑; tmra`cdt`ch tjm \tmrn`ch @ctmrloccmlt woune mce HZ\‐ tmcurm ds d v`dgnm VDC,

ds tjm vdnum of dcy VDC `s mqudn to `ts hnogdn rmdlj to trde`ch pdrtcmrs oc otjmr cmtworks, jugs, VDCs,

or Z.522 systmas `c tjm M]. Ujm rmtdn`dtòc of @GA-\tmrn`ch `c tjm aèst of d VDC Wout`ch Xdr woune

nmde to dc dgsure, fut`nm, dce `ceustry edadh`ch mvmct tjdt woune furtjmr mroem dc dnrmdey tdrc`sjme

HZ\ rmputdtòc.

Mxtort`ch Normc Edtd Lorp v`d @ctmrloccmltòc drg`trdhm (jow aulj ldc wm ljdrhm for tj`s

`ctmrloccmltòc?), ocny works wj`nm Normc Edtd dllmems to tjm gndlkad`n; `f `t gmloams cmlmssdry for

Normc Edtd to grmdk tj`s tmcuous emtmctm44, d adss`vm, `ceustry-wèm rout`ch emfdunt w`nn ollur. HZ\

w`nn gm sonmny rmspocs`gnm for tj`s grmdkdhm, dce gm pugn`lny mxposme for dnn to smm. Ujm mct`rm trdcslr`pt

of cmhot`dtòcs gmtwmmc Normc Edtd dce HZ\ w`nn gm d`rme, mxmapn`fy`ch tjm pdt`mclm, hooew`nn, dce

forgmdrdclm of Uoee Houne `c tjm aèst of lr`s`s, louctmrpo`sme dhd`cst d cuag, ucàdh`cdt`vm, dce

hrmmey HZ\. Ujm pmlun`dr jdnnadrk of HZ\ loceult ucemrny`ch tj`s `ctmrloccmltòc emgdlnm `s ocm of

ldnnouscmss dce e`srmhdre for tjm trde`ch pdrtcmrs. \o, jow eè wm loam to sulj d fr`hjtfun loclnusòc?

Ln`mcts oc tjm HZ\ cmtworks drm cot owcme gy HZ\; tjm`r trdcsforadtòc `cto dssmts smlrmtmegmj`ce tjm HZ\ rout`ch goremr provèms HZ\ w`tj `ctmrloccmltòc gdrhd`c`ch lj`ps dhd`cst otjmr

cmtworks, gut eoms cot smrvm HZ\‐ ln`mcts ocm òtd. Uo smrvm tjm`r ln`mcts woune amdc dlt`ch ds d

cmutrdn loaauc`ldtòcs grokmr daoch tjm trde`ch pdrtcmrs rmsè`ch oc dcy cmtwork. Dce HZ\, w`tj d

loaprmjmcs`vm n`st of VDC `ctmrloccmlts (ds stdtme pnd`cny oc tjm`r wmgs`tm), lmrtd`cny stdtms ds aulj

to `ts prospmlts dce ln`mcts - HZ\ provèms loopmrdt`vm `ctmrloccmltòcs to tjm worne of VDCs, ds d

stdtme prdlt`lm.

Ujm mstdgn`sjme prdlt`lm of VDCs s`clm tjm `clmptòc of tjm f`rst `ctmrloccmlts `s to `ctmrloccmlt

n`gmrdnny w`tj otjmr cmtworks w`tjout smttnmamct. Normc Edtd Lorp‐s n`gmrdn `ctmrloccmltòc pon`ly spmdks

vonuams dgout `ts ljdrdltmr ds dc orhdc`zdtòc.

@f HZ\ trde`ch pdrtcmrs wmrm dwdrm of HZ\ us`ch tjm`r ldljmt ds gdrhd`c`ch lj`ps, tjmrm woune gm jmnn

to pdy . @t `s gmyoce locimlturm tjdt dcy HZ\ lustoamr woune woune devoldtm for tjm`r trde`ch

pdrtcmrs jdv`ch tjm wèmst poss`gnm drrdy of ME@ loaauc`ldtòcs optòcs poss`gnm.

44 @f Normc Edtd Lorp ldccot or w`nn cot pdy for tjm pmmr routms tjdt HZ\ provèms hrdt`s to tjm mct`rm lorpus of lonnmh`dn

loapmt`tors



Ujm proof of tj`s dssmrtòc `s tjdt tjm cuamrous rmtd`nmrs dt tjm top of tjm suppny ljd`c, adcy wjo drm

HZ\ ln`mcts, rmfmr tjm`r suppn`mrs to \mrv`lm Rrovèmrs wjo dnso furc`sj loccmlt v`ty smrv`lms. @f t `s

tdkmc dt fdlm vdnum tjdt tjm loctrovmrsy stmas froa HZ\‐ e`stdstm for tjm \mrv`lm Rrovèmr, dce jmclm

gy dssol`dtòc wm jdvm tjm HZ\ ldapd`hc of `ctmrfmr`ch w`tj MLHrè `ctmrloccmltòcs to HZ\ UHA\.

HZ\‐s ln`mcts s`nmctny stdce dt tjm sèmn`cms, cot mct`rmny jdppy w`tj HZ\ jost`n`t`ms ldrr`me oc to tjm

emtràmct of sadnnmr suppn`mrs, dce cot mct`rmny dwdrm of HZ\ us`ch tjm ‚wm`hjt‐ of `ts Fortucm 4222

rmtd`nmrs dce adcufdlturmrs to ldst d h`dct sjdeow `c tjm `ceustry.

\mvmrdn wmnn kcowc smrv`lm provèmrs drm adrqumm ln`mcts of Normc Edtd Lorp MLHrè, ds tjmrm drm

adc`fone devdctdhms `cjmrmct `c tjm MLHrè tmljconohy, gus`cmss dce support aoemns tjdt Normc Edtd

Lorp jds td`norme spml`f`ldnny for tjm smrv`lm provèmr adrkmt.

HZ\‐ r`sm to powmr9 Jow eè tjmy gmloam tjm worne‐s ndrhmst ME@ VDC?

Eè HZ\ dttd`c `ts stdturm v`d loapmt`t`vm dpnoag, dluamc, or tmljconoh`ldn `ccovdtòc? Or, eè Rr`vdtm

Mqu`ty er`vm kmy dlqu`s`tòcs tjdt dnnowme tjm loapdcy to sldnm, emsp`tm d w`nnfun ndlk of tjouhjt

nmdemrsj`p?

Wmhdrenmss of tjm amtr`ls dppn`me `c amdsur`ch mdlj loapdcy, Normc Edtd opmrdtms dt 4/5=2 tjm

rmvmcums of HZ\, `ts f`vm mapnoymms stdce dhd`cst tjm 4,:22 mapnoyme gy HZ\. Loctr`v`ch to lrmdtm

d e`sputm ovmr d tr`v`dn `ctmrloccmlt, rmsunt`ch `c dc dct`trust ndwsu`t, HZ\ jds ucw`tt`chny erdwc tjm

`ceustry‐s folus to tjm dlloapn`sjamcts of Normc Edtd Lorp, wjosm tmljc`ldn `ccovdtòcs cmme cot gm

rmlouctme `c n`cm w`tj tj`s pdrdhrdpj.

Eur`ch tmc ymdrs of fru`tnmss lorrmspocemclm, Normc Edtd Lorp‐s Rrmsèmct Uoee Houne proposme

cuamrous amdsurms to emaocstrdtm wjdt tjm ME@ `ceustry dnrmdey kcows - Normc Edtd Lorp MLHrè `s

ocm of tjm aost rmn`dgnm ME@ cmtworks `c tjm `ceustry, w`tj d rmputdtòc dce grdce mqu`ty mxlmme`ch tjdt

of HZ\.

Ujm `clrmamctdn mcjdclmamct hd`cme gy `ctmrloccmlt`ch MLHrè to HZ\ UHA\ rmaovms d fmw

àportdct àpmeàmcts froa Normc Edtd‐s funn dce ucfmttmrme pdrt`l`pdtòc `c tjm VDC adrkmt. MLHrè

ln`mcts w`nn hd`c tjm cdt`vm dg`n`ty to loaauc`ldtm w`tj trde`ch pdrtcmrs oc HZ\, iust ds tjm mct`rm lojort

of otjmr VDCs eo dt prmsmct, ocny w`tjout tjm smttnmamct of dlloucts. Xjdt Normc Edtd Lorp lurrmctny

pdys for, HZ\‐s drlj loapmt`tor, @GA \tmrn`ch, rmlm`vms hrdt`s ds d fucedamctdn dce stdcedre

lourtmsy to tjm trde`ch pdrt`ms rmsèmct oc tjm two loapmt`ch cmtworks. Cmtwork ln`mct a`hrdtòcs drm

aorm e`rmlt, dce nmss loapn`ldtme wjmc loccmltme v`d d stdcedre `ctmrloccmlt, ds opposme to d pdè

ad`ngox smrv`lm.

X`tj dnn otjmr HZ\ dttr`gutms ucljdchme, Normc Edtd rmad`cs ewdrfme gy HZ\‐ `c s`zm dce ldp`tdn;Normc Edtd Lorp‐s ndlk of ldp`tdn `s r`ljny offsmt gy `ts lunturm of `ccovdtòc, dce `ts pmcljdct for

dttrdlt`ch pdrtcmrs of mxlmnnmclm, ds wmnn ds d prmsl`mclm for cdv`hdt`ch tjm `ceustry‐s mvonutòc. Normc

Edtd Lorp w`nn cot sooc gm adk`ch dcy auntà`nnòc eonndr dlqu`s`tòcs, gut `ts `ctmnnmltudn devdctdhms

drm fdr gmyoce tjm hrdsp of HZ\. Uj`s ucdttd`cdgnm lunturm of tmljc`ldn dpnoag vmxms tjm HZ\

mxmlut`vms, dce ady jdvm gmmc tjm prmlursor to HZ\‐ ldapd`hc of `ctmrloccmltòc drg`trdhm.



Wdtòcdn`z`ch coc-smttnmamct dhrmmamcts for VDC @ctmrloccmlts

Ujm gmcmf`ts of coc-smttnmamct `ctmrloccmltòcs jdvm gmmc stue`me `c tjm tmnmloaauc`ldtòcs

dce `ctmr-ldrr`mr @R smrv`lms adrkmt. Aost stue`ms jdvm sjowc tjdt loccmltme adrkmts drm dème gy

rmaov`ch smttnmamct froa tjm mqudtòc. \jmpjmre`ch tjm lorm cmtwork provèmrs pdst tjm`r `cgrme cmme

to prof`tmmr gy mnà`cdt`ch tjm g`nn`ch jì`cx gmtwmmc loaauc`ldtòcs provèmrs dnnows for tjm foradtòc

of lrmdt`vm pdrtcmrsj`ps dce e`vmrsm smrv`lms.

\mcemr-gdsme dce g`ndtmrdn smttnmamcts jdvm d pndlm `c ldrr`mr cmtwork smrv`lms, sulj ds lmnnundr gdlk-

jdun, noldn mxljdchm tmra`cdtòc, purm @R trdcs`t smrv`lms, dce so oc. Ujmsm typms of smrv`lms drm dàme

mxlnus`vmny dt otjmr cmtworks.

Xjmc cot rmhundtme v`d tdr`ffs, aoemrc cmtworks, @\Rs `c ocm `cstdclm, owm tjm`r hrowc `c pdrt to coc-

smttnmamct pmmr`ch dhrmmamcts. Ujm kmystocms of aoemrc cmtworks drm tmljc`ldn stdcedres dce

pmra`ss`vm dttdljamct pon`l`ms tjdt fostmr d adrkmt er`vmc lnàdtm usmr ljo`lm dce locstdct `ccovdtòc.

\tdcedres dce pmra`ss`vm mctry pon`l`ms lrmdtme dc mct`rm mlosystma, wjmrm tjm cmtworks, smrvmrs,

DR@‐s, dce cfrdstrulturm fora d smnf pmrpmtudt`ch mlocoa`l mch`cm.

Pou ldc‐t stop tjm @ctmrcmt. Ujm ME@ Loaauc`ldtòcs adrkmtpndlm ds mxmapn`f`me gy VDCs, jowmvmr,

took tjm mxdlt oppos`tm dpprodlj, wjmrm tmljconohy took d gdlk smdt to sadnn-a`ceme, sldrl`ty-gdsme

tj`ck`ch - „`f wm nmt you `c, wm nosm, `f wm lrmdtm e`rmltor`ms dce @E portdg`n`ty, tjmc our lustoamrs w`nn

f`ce `t mds`mr to nmdvm us. @f wm dnnow tjm fdst aov`ch `ccovdtor to `ctmrloccmlt w`tj our ndrhm, now-tmlj

VDC, tjmy w`nn tjmc emaolrdt`zm dllmss, dce wm w`nn nosm our jmhmaocy ovmr tjm ME@ adrkmt‑.

Jow noch ldc sulj dtt`tuems mceurm? Uwo ymdrs? F`vm? Ujm VDC adrkmt, mxmapn`f`me gy HZ\, jds

tdkmc d sadnn-a`ceme, co-`ccovdtòc dpprodlj wjmrm tjm trde`ch pdrtcmr‐s r`hjts drm trdapnme; tjm

aost fucedamctdn r`hjt of dcy trde`ch pdrtcmr `s tjm dg`n`ty to smnmlt or aovm to dcy cmtwork so ljosmc.

D strochmr stdtmamct a`hjt gm, „Urde`ch Rdrtcmrs jdvm co stdce`ch or rmprmsmctdtòc `c tjm ndw or gydevoldtms w`tj`c tjm ME@ `ceustry,

Ujm VDC adrkmt‐s ndlk of nmdemrsj`p, stmwdresj`p, dce v`sòc rmhdre`ch @ctmrloccmltòcs

Ujm mdrny VDC adrkmt stooe dt d lrossrode `c `ts foradt`vm ymdrs. Ujm ndrhmr adcufdlturmrs jde

orhdc`zme tjm`r adcy suppn`mrs to rmsèm oc ocm smnmltme VDC or dcotjmr - tjmrmform `t smmame (to tjm

ayop`l VDCs) tjdt d lnosme cmtwork aoemn a`hjt work- `hcor`ch tjm devdctdhms tjdt `ctmrloccmltòc

gr`chs to tjm mce-usmrs. Xjy loccmlt to ocm‐s loapmt`tòc wjmc mcforl`ch d lnosme systma, or smvmrmny

nà`t tjm poon of smnmltme `ctmrloccmlts loune kmmp ln`mcts ldpt`vm?

Ujm loapdc`ms tjdt forame toedy‐s HZ\ (HM@\, @cov`s, @GA) gu`nt tjm`r gus`cmssms gdsme oc tjm ME@`ceustry‐s trde`tòcdn (coc-smttnmamct) `ctmrloccmltòc amtjoes of loccmlt`ch to otjmr VDCs. Dt tjm tàm

of ME@‐s `c`t`dn deoptòc, fostmr`ch tjm hrowtj dce v`dg`n`ty of tjm ME@ adrkmt emvonvme upoc dnn of tjm

loapdc`ms pdrt`l`pdt`ch `c tjm smltor. Ujm fouce`ch VDCs, dce tjosm tjdt ldam sjortny dftmr tjma,

ucemrstooe tjdt `ctmrloccmltòc wds cot iust d cmlmssdry mv`n, gut wds tjm `ctr`cs`l dlt of lrmdt`ch tjm

adrkmt, tjm mssmct`dn lorm smrv`lm locvmyme to trde`ch pdrtcmrs. V`rtudnny dnn cmtworkme adrkmts sjdrm

`c tj`s rmdn`zdtòc9 tjm gmcmf`ts of cmtwork mffmlts dllrum to tjm locsuamrs dnocm, mcjdcl`ch tjm`r rmdlj,



adk`ch smrv`lms ug`qu`tous, nowmr`ch losts, dce fmrt`n`z`ch tjm `ccovdtòcs dce mcjdclmamcts gu`nt oc

top of tjmsm gds`l cmtwork smrv`lms.

Gm`ch jost`nm to tjm deoptòc of ug`qu`tous `ctmrloccmltòcs (dce pmmr`ch amtjoeonoh`ms tjdt mcdgnm

tjma), emstroys adrkmts. Rut dcotjmr wdy, wjy woune dcyocm wdct to usm smrv`lms tjdt eè cot rmdlj

dnn, or prdlt`ldnny spmdk`ch, ds adcy cmtwork sugslr`gmrs ds poss`gnm? Xm jdvm loam to mxpmlt sulj

emfdunt dllmss froa dcy pjocm loapdcy tjdt fr`mces, gus`cmss pdrtcmrs, dce fda`ny amagmrs usm?

Gut `c tjm edrk dhms of tmnmpjocm, tmnmhrdpj, mdrny edtd cmtworks, dce mvmc p`pmn`cms dce rd`nrodes,

sulj `ctmrloccmltòc „stroch dra`ch‑ wds d rout`cm prdlt`lm usme to e`sdevdctdhm or emstroy

loapmt`tors. D rmde`ch of tjm j`story of DU&U gmform `ts e`vmst`turm `s d nmssoc `c jow to loceult jost`nm

`ctmrloccmltòc drg`trdh`ch.

Ds ME@ gmldam dttrdlt`vm dce oftmc loapunsory to tjm `clrmds`chny e`vmrsm suppny ljd`c `ceustry, (aost

cotdgny, rmtd`n), tjm cuagmrs of trde`ch pdrtcmrs mxpnoeme - cmw VDCs dce dntmrcdt`vm smrv`lm provèmrs

sprdch up dt d furòus pdlm. Xj`nm adcy kmy pndymrs eè rmdn`zm (soam too ndtm) tjdt sulj ndrhm poons of

sugslr`gmrs loune cmvmr gm lorrdnnme octo d fmw smnmltme, ‚pr`v`nmhme‐ cmtworks; otjmrs stooe tjm`r

hrouce dce rms`stme dcy cmw adrkmt mctry v`d coc-smttnmamct `ctmrloccmltòcs, mnmlt`ch `cstmde toljdrhm tjmsm provèmrs, adc`pundtm (`.m. emhrdem) tjm`r edtd trdcs`t smrv`lm nmvmns, dce otjmrw`sm emndy

tjm mctry of frmsj dce `ccovdt`vm ME@ Cmtwork opmrdtors.

@t wds cot gmyoce tjm aordn locsl`mclm or loctron of tjm fouce`ch VDCs to stdnn `ctmrloccmltòc

stdcedres. Oclm tjmy jde dhrmme to `ctmrloccmlt w`tj d smnmltme smme lojort, dce vdròusny dnnowme

tjm poon to hrow h`chmrny, pd`cfunny, rmnultdctny, or cot dt dnn . Ujm VDCs rms`stme tmljconoh`ldn cmtwork

mcjdclmamcts, sulj ds e`rmltory smrv`lms dce prohrdaadgnm `ctmrfdlms, formstdnn`ch dcy eycda`l

wjdtsomvmr tjdt woune trdcsfora ME@ Loaauc`ldtòcs froa dc drldcm, vmx`ch, dce fussy smrv`lm, to

ocm tjdt loune gm ds rogust ds smce`ch mad`n or e`dn`ch d pjocm.

Ujm E`sputm of Oeeny A`sadtljme Devmrsdr`ms

Ujm dlt of nà`t`ch tjm `ceustry‐s hrowtj wds lmeme to HZ\ gy tjm mct`rm VDC smltor s`nmctny dnnow`ch

HZ\ to dlt ds `ctmrloccmltòc drg`tmr, d ronm hd`cme gy gmloa`ch tjm aust jdvm ME@ rout`ch

tmra`cus. Uj`s wds dlloapn`sjme v`d d RM fuceme `c`t`dt`vm to dlqu`rm tjrmm dcljor VDCs, `.m.,

HM@\, @GA-@M, dce @cov`s. Dntjouhj tjm VDCs jdvm gmmc aorm n`gmrdn tjdc HZ\ `c rmhdres to

`ctmrloccmltòc47, tjm lonnmlt`vm dltòcs of tjm `ceustry jds gmmc to nà`t mctry of cmw loapmt`tors, dce

to kmmp `ccovdtòc stdhcdct.

HZ\ tjmrmform ad`ctd`cs eozmcs of `ctmrloccmltòcs ds coc-smttnmamct dhrmmamcts w`tj otjmr VDCs.

Vmry fmw cmw `ctmrloccmlt dhrmmamcts jdvm gmmc lrmdtme to mcdgnm trdff`l rout`ch to tjm HZ\ UHA\systma, s`clm tjm mdrny 7222‐s.4<

47@ctmrloccmltòcs to otjmr VDCs eoms cot dnnmv`dtm tjm prognma of rout`ch trdff`l to HZ\-UHA\, ds tjm prà`t`vm ME@ rout`ch

systma eoms cot dnnow rmpn`ldgnm or pmra`ss`vm rout`ch (wjmrm dcy dntmrcdtm po`ct of dllmss dssurms tjdt d amssdhm w`nn gm

emn`vmrme to `ts propmr emst`cdtòc).4<Ujm ljok`ch off stdrtme w`tj d wmnn-kcowc j`stor`ldn mvmct loclmrc`ch @ctmrcmt Loaamrlm Lorp, smm dppmce`x for furtjmr.



Uoee Houne, ds tjm sonm mch`cmmr of j`s systmas dce tjm qudrtmrgdlk of d lrdlk tmda, empnoys cmw

smrv`lms, nmdes tjm ME@ loaauc`ldtòcs adrkmt, `csofdr ds `ccovdt`vm cmtwork smrv`lms drm loclmrcme.

HZ\ a`hjt gm fmdrfun of Normc Edtd Lorp gm`ch `ctmrloccmltme to tjm tdrc`sjme UHA\ systma, tjmrmgy

emaolrdt`z`ch dllmss for mvmr aorm `ccovdt`vm ME@ stdrt-ups.

Xoune tj`s ocm `ctmrloccmltòc dffmlt HZ\? HZ\ woune rmad`c 5=2x tjm s`zm dce rmvmcum of Normc

Edtd Lorp. @c tàm, `f dc `ctmrloccmlt wds mstdgn`sjme, d nmvmn pndy`ch f`mne woune prmvd`n dce tjm twoloapdc`ms woune rmtd`c tjm`r vdnum propos`tòcs ds emtmra`c`ch fdltors of sullmss.

HZ\ loune sàpny ljoosm to loapmtm, dlt`ch ds otjmr ndrhm loapdc`ms, rmsort`ch to amrm

rutjnmsscmss `c pr`l`ch dce adrkmt`ch, loceult`ch `ts ldapd`hcs dt d sldnm Normc Edtd Lorp loune

cmvmr jopm to dlj`mvm, rmhdrenmss of tmljconoh`ldn prowmss or tjm mx`stmclm of d HZ\ `ctmrloccmlt to

UHA\, sldn`ch to ¾ tjm s`zm of tjm gmjmaotj woune gm d hrmdt fmdt.

@f dcy rmad`c`ch `ssums drm45, `c trutj, loccmltme to tjm guremc of ad`ctd`c`ch or support`ch

`ctmrloccmltòcs4=, nmt tjm lourt dppo`ct dc àpdrt`dn mamr`tus of tjm ME@ `ceustry, to rmlocl`nm tjm

`ctmrloccmltòc gmtwmmc tjm n`t`hdcts; Normc Edtd Lorp ad`ctd`cs àadlundtm rmndtòcs w`tj otjmr.

Xm sjdnn mce w`tj d qumstòc, rdtjmr tjdc d loclnusòc9 X`nn tjm mct`rm eoamst`l suppny ljd`c

loaauc`ldtòcs gus`cmss, loctronn`ch tjm edtd rmprmsmct`ch tr`nnòcs of eonndrs `c trdem, gmloam sugimlt

to tjm dgsonutm aocopony of HZ\, w`tj HZ\ p`lk`ch w`ccmrs dce nosmrs tjrouhj `ts adc`pundtòc of

`ctmrloccmltòcs? Ujm mxdlt slmcdrò wds dlloapn`sjme gy DU&U, wjo, gy dlqu`r`ch loapmt`tors dce

loctronn`ch `ctmrloccmltòcs, mvmctudnny loctronnme mvmry dspmlt of tjm cdtòcs tmnmloaauc`ldtòcs

`cfrdstrulturm.

Ujm DU&U mrd wds d tàm r`fm w`tj frustrdtòc for mctrmprmcmurs ems`r`ch mctry `cto tjm tmnmloas

gus`cmss46; gdrrme dt mvmry turc gy tjm DU&U amhdn`tj, tjmy loune ocny rmny oc tjm protrdltme mfforts of

tjm Fmemrdn Hovmrcamct to pr`zm dwdy tjm lochnoamrdtm‐s powmr v`d forlme e`vmst`turm.

@c d vmry sà`ndr fdsjòc, wm smm ME@ Loaauc`ldtòcs ds d smltor tjdt sjoune jdvm fnour`sjme, ymt

struhhn`ch oc `c sp`tm of tjm emf`l`mcl`ms ldusme gy tjm lj`nn lnàdtm ldusme gy HZ\ jone`ch tjm

`ceustry‐s `ctmrloccmltòc ljokm po`ct. ]cgouce froa tjm aocopon`st`l dltor, tjm ME@ adrkmt woune

gmloam d pndlm wjmrm `ccovdt`vm sonutòcs woune gmloam `clrmds`chny dvd`ndgnm dt nowmr losts, to mvmr

aorm e`vmrsm usmrs.

45 D spmlòus pos`tòc, stdtme gy HZ\ Loucsmn

4=Ujdt HZ\ lndàs VDC `ctmrloccmltòcs drm „j`hj wdtmr adrk‐ fdl`n`t`ms `s dgsure dce fn`ms `c tjm fdlm of dnn loaaoc

kcownmehm of ME@ mxpmrt`sm. @ctmrloccmltòcs support`ch Z47.=6 drm tjm nmdst ndgor dce rmsourlm `ctmcs`vm fdl`n`t`ms, loapdrme

to ad`ngoxms.46Ujm Ndceadrk ems`sòc of Ldrtmrpjocm v. DU&U

surmises of the gxs enquiry

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