surface movement guidance and control systems (smgcs…
TRANSCRIPT
SUR
VERSIONDATE OFOFFICE O
SU
RFACE
N F IMPLEMENOF PRIME IN
URFACE MOV
E MOVESYSTE
M
: TATION :
NTEREST :
VEMENT GU
EMENT EMS (SM
MAN
2.0 31-12-2Directo
IDANCE AND
GUIDAMGCS)
NUA
2014 orate of Airsp
D CONTROL
ANCE APAKIS
AL
pace and Aer
L SYSTEMS (
AND COTAN
rodrome Reg
(SMGCS) PA
ONTROL
gulations (DA
AKISTAN
L
AAR)
SUURFACE MOVVEMENT GUIDANCE ANDD CONTROLL SYSTEMS ((SMGCS) PA
AKISTAN
No. DaAp
2.0 31
SU
R
AMENate pplicable
DE
-12-2014 1
URFACE MOV
ECORDS O
NDMENTS Date Entered 10-12-2014
VEMENT GU
OF AMEND
Entered by
Sr. JD AS&
IDANCE AND
DMENTS A
y No.
&C
D CONTROL
AND CORR
C
Date of I
L SYSTEMS (
IGENDA
CORRIGEND
Issue DE
(SMGCS) PA
DA Date Entered
Enby
AKISTAN
ntered y
FOREW
GLOSACRON
ChaptINTRO
1.1 1.2
1.3
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
ChaptDESIG
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
ChaptFUNCT
3. 1 3. 2 3.2.13.2.23.2.33.2.43.2.53.2.63.2.73. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3.5.13.5.23. 6 3.5.33. 7
SU
WORD: ........SARY ONYMS: .........er 1 .......
ODUCTION ....WHAT IS MWHAT DOCOMPRISWHOM DO 1-2 OPERATIOOPERATIOREASONSFUTURE C
er 2 .......GNING AN SM
VISIBILITYBASIC EQBASIC PRMATCHINREVIEW O
er 3 .......TIONS AND R
GENERALDIVISION
1 AIR TRAF2 APRON M3 PILOTS ...4 AERODRO5 GROUND 6 AVOIDAN7 GROUND
ESTABLISCONTROLMONITOR
1 LIGHTING2 NON-VISU
AERODRO3 FREQUEN
MAINTENA
URFACE MOV
....................F TERMS......................................................MEANT BY A
OES A SURFASE? ...............OES A SURF
ONAL CONDONAL REQUS FOR PROVCONSIDERA..............
MGC SYSTEMY AND TRAF
QUIPMENT RROCEDURAL/
G PROCEDUOF SYSTEM ..............RESPONSIBL ...................OF RESPONFIC SERVICE
MANAGEMEN....................
OME AUTHOVEHICLE DRCE OF OVERMOVEMENT
SHMENT OF L OF GROUN
RING .............G AIDS; .........UAL AIDS; ....OME SURFANCY OF INSPANCE ..........
VEMENT GU
TABLE O.....................S AND A........................................................
A SURFACE MACE MOVEM.....................
FACE MOVEM
DITIONS ........IREMENTS ..
VIDING AN SMATIONS ........................M FOR AN AEFIC CONDITEQUIREMEN/ ADMINISTR
URES TO AEAND IMPROV..............ILITIES .............................
NSIBILITIES AES ................
NT SERVICE ......................
ORITY ............RIVERS ........RCONTROL ..T COMMUNICSTANDARD
ND VEHICLES...............................................................CE INSPECT
PECTION; ..........................
IDANCE AND
OF CONT.....................
ABBREV........................................................MOVEMENT
MENT GUIDAN.....................MENT GUIDA
.....................
.....................MGC SYSTE...................................ERODROMEIONS ............
NTS ...............RATION REQRODROME CVEMENT ..............................................................AND THEIR T..............................................................................................................................CATIONS......TAXI ROUTES .................................................................................TIONS .....................................................
D CONTROL
ENTS .....................IATIONS........................................................GUIDANCE
NCE AND CO.....................
ANCE AND C
.....................
.....................M ....................................................
E..............................................................
QUIREMENTSCONDITIONS.............................................................................TRANSFER .....................................................................................................................................................ES FOR AIRC...................................................................................................................................................
L SYSTEMS (
....................S/ACRON
......................................................AND CONTR
ONTROL SYS....................ONTROL SY
....................
....................
....................
..............................................................................................
S ...................S.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
CRAFT .....................................................................................................................................................
(SMGCS) PA
.....................NYMS .....
.....................
..................................
ROL SYSTEMSTEM .....................
YSTEM INVOL
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
............ 2.......................................................................................................................................... 3..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
AKISTAN
...... v
... vi ......xi 1-1 ... 1-1
M? 1-1
... 1-1 LVE?
... 1-2
... 1-2
... 1-2
... 1-3 2–1 .. 2–1 .. 2–1 .. 2–1 .. 2–2 .. 2–6 .. 2–6 3–1 .. 3–1 .. 3–1 .. 3–1 .. 3–1 .. 3–2 .. 3–3 .. 3–3 .. 3–3 .. 3–3 .. 3–4 .. 3–5 .. 3–6 .. 3–7 .. 3–7 .. 3–8 .. 3–8 .. 3–8 .. 3–9
3.5.43.5.53. 8
ChaptPROCE
4.1 4.2 4.2.14.2.24.2.54.3 4.3.14.3.24.3.34.4 4.4.14.4.24.4.44.4.54.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
ChaptLOW V
5.1 5.2 5.2.15.2.25.2.35.2.45.2.55.2.6
ChaptHIGH T
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
SU
4 MAINTENA5 SPECIAL
TRAININGer 4 .......EDURES ......
INTRODUTRAFFIC
1 GENERAL2 CLEARAN5 TRAFFIC S
EFFECTS1 GOOD VIS2 REDUCED3 MODES O
SEPARAT1 GENERAL2 SEPARAT4 SPACING 5 THE ROLE
EMERGENRTF PROCCO-ORDINLOW VISIB
er 5 .......VISIBILITY O
INTRODUPREPARA
1 WORKING2 OPERATIO3 SAFETY A4 LOW VISIB5 EMERGEN6 SUMMARYer 6 .......TRAFFIC VO
GENERALPLANNINGRUNWAY STANDARGROUND AIRCRAFT
URFACE MOV
ANCE — GEFAULT RECT
G .....................................................CTION .........FLOW ..........L; ..................NCE WITHHOSEQUENCIN OF VISIBILIT
SIBILITY; .....D VISIBILITY;OF OPERATIOTION AT INTEL; ..................TION AT INTE
ALONG TAXE OF SURFANCY PROCECEDURES ANATION .......BILITY PROC..............PERATIONSCTION .........
ATION FOR LG GROUP;....ONAL ASSESASSESSMENBILITY PROCNCY PROCEY ................................LUME OPER
L ...................G AND SIMUPROTECTIO
RD TAXI-ROUCONTROL O
T STAND ALL
VEMENT GU
NERAL; ........TIFICATION;.......................................................................................................................
OLDING (GATNG PROCEDUTY ON SMGC.....................; ....................ON ................ERSECTIONS.....................
ERSECTIONSXIWAYS (LONACE MOVEME
DURES ........ND PHRASE.....................
CEDURES ..................
S .........................................
LOW VISIBILI.....................SSMENT; .....
NT AND PROCCEDURES ....DURES ...........................................
RATIONS ...........................LATION ........
ON .................UTES AND CHORGANIZATILOCATION A
IDANCE AND
.........................................
.....................
..................................................................................................
TE HOLDING URES; ..........C PROCEDU...............................................................S AND LONG.....................S (LATERAL NGITUDINALENT RADAR .....................
EOLOGY .........................................................................................................TY OPERAT..........................................CEDURES; ...................................................................................................................................................................HARTS ........ON AND RTF
AND HOLDIN
D CONTROL
.....................
.....................
.....................
..................................................................................................PROCEDUR
.....................RES ...........................................................................
GITUDINAL S.....................SEPARATIO SPACING); .(SMR) .........
.....................
.....................
.....................
.....................
........................................................
TIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................F FREQUENCG .................
L SYSTEMS (
....................
....................
..................................................................................................................
RE); ..................................................................................................................PACING* .........................N); ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................CIES ................................
(SMGCS) PA
.....................
....................
....................
............ 4........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6...................................................................................................................................................
AKISTAN
.. 3–9 3–10 3–10 4–1 .. 4–1 .. 4–1 .. 4–1 .. 4–1 .. 4–1 .. 4–2 .. 4–2 .. 4–2 .. 4–3 .. 4–3 .. 4–4 .. 4–4 .. 4–5 .. 4–5 .. 4–8 .. 4–9 4–10 4–11 4–11 5–1 .. 5–1 .. 5–1 .. 5–1 .. 5–1 .. 5–2 .. 5–2 .. 5–3 .. 5–4 .. 5–6 6–1 .. 6–1 .. 6–1 .. 6–1 .. 6–2 .. 6–2 .. 6–3 .. 6–3
6.7 Chapt
RUNW7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9
ChaptAPRON
8.4.18.4.18.4.18.4.18.4.18.4.28.4.38.5. 8.6.
APPENAPPENAPPEN
SU
SPECIAL er 7 .......
WAY PROTECINTRODUTHE OPERPROTECTACCIDENTMISTAKENMISUNDERUNWAY SURFACENON-VISU
er 8 .......N MANAGEM1.3 START-UP1.4 DISSEMIN1.5 SECURITY1.6 AVAILABI1.7 APRON D2 AIRCRAFT3 MARSHAL
SPECIAL TRAINING
NDIX A ..NDIX B ..NDIX C ..
URFACE MOV
EQUIPMENT..............
CTION MEASCTION .........RATIONAL PTION MEASUTAL ENTRY;N ROUTE; ...
ERSTOOD CLPROTECTIO
E MARKINGSUAL ELECTR..............MENT SERVIP CLEARANCNATION OF IY ARRANGELITY OF SAF
DISCIPLINE ..T PARKING/DLLING SERVIPROCEDUR
G .............................................................
VEMENT GU
T ..................................URES ...............................
PROBLEM .....URES .............
.........................................
LEARANCE ...ON METHODSS, SIGNS ANDRONIC PROTE..............CE ................CES ..............NFORMATIO
EMENTS ........FETY SERVIC.....................DOCKING GUICE ...............ES FOR LOW...............................................................
IDANCE AND
.....................
.................................................................................................................................................................S AND EQUID LIGHTING;ECTION EQU........................................................
ON TO OPER.....................CES ...................................UIDANCE SY.....................
W VISIBILITY...............................................................
D CONTROL
......................................................................................................................................................................................PMENT ........ ....................
UIPMENT; ............................................................
RATORS .......................................................................
YSTEM ..............................
Y CONDITION................................... Error! Bo Error! Bo
L SYSTEMS (
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
NS ....................................................ookmark ookmark
(SMGCS) PA
.................................. 7............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................not definnot defin
AKISTAN
.. 6–3 7–1 .. 7–1 .. 7–1 .. 7–1 .. 7–2 .. 7–2 .. 7–2 .. 7–3 .. 7–3 .. 7–4 .. 7–4 8–1 .. 8–1 .. 8–3 .. 8–3 .. 8–3 .. 8–4 .. 8–4 .. 8–4 .. 8–4 .. 8–4 .. 8–5 ... 1
ned. ned.
Islamic ROrganizatand contiaccordancAviation O
StandardsControl SDoc 9476
The term facilities aconsistenfrom the vat large a
The basicthe certifiethat:
“An aerodaerodromintensities
An aerodactive runPakistan (
This manu
StandardsConventio
Standardor procedinternal aithe event
Recommperformaninterest ofwill endea
Appendicand Reco
Definitionexplanatostatus butsince a ch
Tables anreferred tostatus.
SU
Republic of Ption (ICAO). Pinuous safetyce with the Organization (
s and Recomystems (SMG, first edition
"Surface Moand procedurt with the pavery simple and busy aero
c elements ofed aerodrome
drome operae’s runway
s and visibility
rome’s SMGCnway or taxi(ASMP).”
ual is made u
s and Recoon are defined
d: Any specifiure, the unifoir navigation aof impossibil
endation prnce, personnef safety, regu
avor to confor
ces comprisinommended Pr
ns of termsory in that thet in an essenthange in the m
nd Figures wo therein, form
URFACE MOV
akistan is a Pakistan Civily oversight oNational Rule(ICAO).
mmendations GCS) are bas1986.
ovement Guidres designed articular operaat small aeroddromes with o
f a Surface Mes in Pakista
ator’s plan foincursion an
y conditions; a
CS is designiway, taking
up of the comp
mmended Pd as follows:
cation for phyorm applicatioand to which ity of complia
ractice; Any el or proceduularity or efficrm in accorda
ng material gractices adopt
s used in they do not, actial part of eacmeaning of te
which add to m part of the a
VEMENT GU
FORContracting Aviation Autof aerodromees and regu
as mentionesed on Stand
dance and Cto meet the ational condi
dromes with lioperations in
Movement Gun. The object
or lighting, snd collision aand
ed to preveninto account
ponent parts
Practices ado
ysical characon of which isContracting S
ance, notificat
specificationure, the uniforciency of interance with the
rouped separted by Pakista
he Standardscepted dictioch Standards
erm would affe
or illustrate aassociated St
IDANCE AND
REWORD
State to the
thority is respes under its lations made
ed in The Maards and Rec
Control (SMGrequirementstions at a paght traffic opevery low visib
uidance and Ctives of this M
igns and maavoidance st
nt inadvertent t the elemen
having the st
opted by Pa
cteristics, confs recognized States will conion to the Cou
n for physicrm applicationrnational air nConvention.
rately for conan CAA.
s and Reconary meaning
s and Recommect the specif
a Standards tandards or R
D CONTROL
D Convention
ponsible to cojurisdiction
e under the g
anual of Surfcommended
GC) Systems"s for guidancarticular aeroerating only ibility condition
Control SysteManual are to
arkings is inttrategy, takin
incursions onts listed in
atus indicated
kistan CAA
figuration, maas necessar
nform in accouncil is comp
cal charactern of which is navigation, an
nvenience but
mmended Pgs. A definitiomended Pracfication.
or RecommeRecommende
L SYSTEMS (
on Internatioonduct certificto monitor thguidance of
face MovemePractices as
" stands for ae and contro
odrome. SMGn good visibilns.
ems (SMGCSo establish a
tegrated as ng account o
of aircraft andAerodrome
d below:
under the
aterial, perforry for the safeordance with tulsory under
ristics, configrecognized a
nd to which C
t forming part
Practices, whon does not
ctices in which
ended Practicd Practices a
(SMGCS) PA
onal Civil Avation/ surveillhe compliancInternational
ent Guidancespecified in I
a system of ol of surface tGC systems rlity to the com
S) are availabprocess to en
a whole intoof different t
d vehicles ontStandard Ma
provisions of
rmance, persoety or regularthe ConventioArticle 38.
guration, matas desirable iContracting S
t of the Stand
ich are not have indepenh the term is u
ces and whichand have the s
AKISTAN
iation lance ce in Civil
e and ICAO
aids, traffic range mplex
ble at nsure
o the traffic
to an anual
f the
onnel rity of on; in
terial, n the
States
dards
self-ndent used,
h are same
DEFINIT
The followherein shaAuthority Accidentany persodisembarkin direct caircraft, oinflicted bavailable adverselynormally rdamage, wpropellersthe aircraf
Aerodrombe used, buildings,
Aerodrom Aerodromrunway valtitude, ain his ope Aerodromvicinity of Aeroplanreactions Air Traffic Air Traffiby an air t
Air Traffic
between amaintainin
Air Trafficor aerodro Air Trafficorderly anthe maximappropriat
SU
TIONS: wing terms shall have the sOrdinance , 1 : An occurrenon boards thked, in whichcontact with r direct expos
by other persto the pass
y affects the srequire majorwhen the dam
s, wing tips, aft is missing o
me: Any areaeither wholly sheds, vesse
me Control S
me Operatingisual range,
and visibility, orations manu
me Traffic: Aan aerodrom
ne: A power-don surfaces w
c: All aircraft
c Control Cltraffic control
c Control Se
aircraft, andng an orderly
c Control Unome control to
c Flow Manand expeditioumum extent pote Air Traffic S
URFACE MOV
GLOSABBR
all have the msame meaning1982 and Civ
nce associatehe aircraft wi: a person is any part of sure to jet blasons, or whesengers and structural strer repair or repmage is limitentennas, tires
or is complete
a of land or wor in part, fo
els, piers, and
Service: Air t
g Minima: Afor take-off; or runway vis
ual as being th
All traffic on tme.
driven heaviewhich remain
in flight or op
learance: Auunit.
ervice: A serv
on the maneflow of air tra
nit: Air traffic ower.
agement (ATs flow of air tossible and thService (ATS
VEMENT GU
SSARY REVIATIO
meanings assg as given in vil Aviation Ru
ed with the opth the intentfatally or serithe aircraft, ast, except w
en the injuriecrew; or the
ength, performplacement of ed to the engs, brakes, fairely inaccessib
water designeor affording fad other structu
raffic control
erodrome opand the decisual range, anhe minima for
the maneuve
er than air afixed under g
perating on the
uthorization g
vice provided
euvering areaaffic.
control unit m
FM): A servictraffic by enshat the traffic
S) authority.
IDANCE AND
OF TERONS/AC
signed to themthe Civil Aviaules, 1994(CA
peration of antion of flight iously injuredincluding par
when the injurs are to stowe aircraft susmance or flighthe affected ine, its cowlinrings, small deble.
d, equipped, acilities for theures thereon
service for ae
erating minimsion height, nd visual refer take-off and
ering area of
ircraft derivingiven conditio
e maneuverin
iven to an air
for the purpo
a between air
means, an are
ce establisheduring that Airvolume is co
D CONTROL
RMS ANDCRONYM
m hereunder. ation OrdinancARs,94).
aircraft whichuntil such tim as a result orts which havries are from waways hidinstains damaght characteriscomponent, e
ngs or accessents or punct
set apart or e and departuor appertainin
erodrome traf
ma means theor altitude, o
erence, for lanlanding by an
an aerodrom
ng its lift in fons of flight.
ng area of an
rcraft to proc
ose of: preven
rcraft and ob
ea control cen
d with the objr Traffic Contrompatible with
L SYSTEMS (
D MS
Any other terce 1960, Paki
h takes placeme as all su
of: being in theve become dnatural cause
ng outside thge or structustics of the aiexcept for thesories; or for ture holes in t
commonly usure, of aircrafng thereto.
ffic.
e cloud ceilinor minimum dnding; specifin aircraft at a
me and all ai
light chiefly f
aerodrome.
eed under co
nting collisions
structions; an
ntre, an appro
jective of conrol (ATC) cap
h the capacitie
(SMGCS) PA
rm not defineistan Civil Avi
e between theuch persons e aircraft, or b
detached fromes, self-inflicthe areas norural failure wircraft, and we engine failudamage limitthe aircraft sk
sed or intendft, and include
ng and visibilidescent heighed by an ope
an aerodrome
rcraft flying i
from aerodyn
onditions spe
s:
nd expediting
oach control o
tributing to a pacity is utilizes declared b
AKISTAN
d iation
e time have
being m the ed or mally
which: would ure or ted to kin; or
ed to es all
ty, or ht, or erator .
n the
namic
cified
g and
office
safe, zed to by the
Air Traffitraffic advaerodrom
Aircraft: Athe reactio Air-Grounsurface of Air-Grounresponsibarea. Approachand landin
Non-Preclateral gui Approachwhich utilapproach
Precisionlateral and Approach Approacharriving at Apron: Aor unloadi Apron Maand vehic Automatiprovide, vaircraft ide Automatiinformatio
Data link-
The provis
Voice-aut
The provis Causes: incident.
Ceiling: Tmeters (2 Clearwayauthority, initial clim
SU
ic Service: Avisory servicee control serv
Any machineons of the air
nd Communf the earth.
nd Control bility for hand
h And Landing operations
cision Approidance but do
h And Landizes lateral aand landing o
n Approach Ad vertical guid
h Control Se
h Control Ut, or departing
A defined areaing passenge
anagement Scles on an apr
ic Dependenvia a data linentification, fo
ic Terminal on to arriving a
automatic ter
sion of ATIS v
omatic termin
sion of ATIS
Actions, omis
The height a0000 feet) co
y: A defined selected or
mb to a specifi
URFACE MOV
A generic tere, air traffic vice.
e that can deragainst the e
ication: Two
Radio Statling commun
ing Operatios are classifie
oach And Lanoes not utilize
ing Operationd vertical guoperations.
And Landingdance with m
ervice: Air traf
nit: A unit eg from, one o
a, on a land aers, mail or ca
Service: A seron.
nt Surveillannk, data derivour-dimension
Informationand departing
rminal informa
via data link.
nal informatio
by means of c
ssions, event
above the groovering more t
rectangular prepared as ed height.
VEMENT GU
rm meaning vcontrol serv
rive support inearth’s surfac
o-way commu
tion: An aenications perta
ons Using Ind as follows:
nding Operat vertical guida
ons With Veuidance but d
g Operationsinima as dete
ffic control se
established tor more aerod
aerodrome, inargo, fuelling,
ervice provide
nce (ADS): Aved from on-nal position a
n Service (g aircraft thro
ation service
n service (Vo
continuous an
ts, conditions
ound or watethan half the
area on the a suitable ar
IDANCE AND
variously, fligvice, area co
n the atmosphe.
nication betw
eronautical teaining to the
strument Ap
tions: An instance.
ertical Guidadoes not mee
s: An instrumermined by th
ervice for arriv
o provide airromes.
ntended to acparking or m
ed to regulate
A surveillance-board navigand additional
(ATIS): The ughout 24 ho
(D-ATIS).
oice-ATIS).
nd repetitive v
s, or a combin
er of the bassky.
ground or wrea over whic
D CONTROL
ght informatioontrol service
here from the
ween aircraft a
elecommunicoperation an
pproach Proc
trument appro
ance: An instet the requirem
ment approace category of
ving or depart
r traffic contr
ccommodate aintenance.
e the activities
e technique ation and posdata as appr
automatic ours or a spec
voice broadca
nation thereo
e of the lowe
water under ch an aeropla
L SYSTEMS (
on service, al, approach c
e reactions of
and stations o
cation stationnd control of
cedures: Ins
oach and lan
trument apprments establi
ch and landinf operation.
ting controlled
rol service to
aircraft for pu
s and the mo
in which aircsition-fixing sropriate.
provision ofcified portion t
asts.
of, which led
est layer of c
the control oane may mak
(SMGCS) PA
lerting servicecontrol servic
f the air other
or locations o
n having priaircraft in a g
strument appr
ding which ut
roach and lanshed for prec
ng using prec
d flights.
o controlled f
urposes of loa
ovement of ai
craft automatsystems, inclu
f current, rothereof:
to the accide
cloud below
of the appropke a portion
AKISTAN
e, air ce or
r than
on the
imary given
roach
tilizes
nding cision
cision
flights
ading
rcraft
tically uding
outine
ent or
6000
priate of its
Controllewhich air Controlle Displaced Final Appapproach base turn track speca landing Flight Craircraft du Forecastspecified Ground Hthan air tr Ground V Hazard: Cequipmen Holding movemen Hot Spotrunway in Human Foperationscomponen Human Pefficiency Incident: affects or may spec Instrumedistance f Instrumeinstrumen
Non-Precproviding
Precisionaids intenless than
SU
ed Aerodromtraffic control
ed Flight: Any
d Threshold:
proach: The fix or point, oor inbound t
cified in the acan be made
rew Memberuring a flight d
: A statemenarea or portio
Handling: Seraffic services
Visibility: The
Conditions, ont or structure
Bay: A definnt of aircraft.
t: A location cursion, and
Factors Prins and maintents by proper
Performanceof aeronautic
An occurrencould affect t
cify in an ANO
nt Meteorolofrom cloud, an
nt Runway: nt approach p
cision Approat least direc
n Approach Rnded for opera800 m or a ru
URFACE MOV
me: An aerodrservice is pro
y flight which
: A threshold
part of an insor where sucturn of a racepproach proc
e; or a missed
: A licensed duty period.
nt of expectedon of airspace
ervices necess.
e visibility at a
object or acties, loss of mat
ned area whe
on an aerodwhere height
nciples: Prinenance and r consideratio
e: Human cacal operations
nce, other thathe safety of
O or by other m
ogical Conditnd ceiling, les
One of the forocedures:
oach Runwayctional guidan
Runway, Catations with a unway visual
VEMENT GU
rome designaovided to aero
is subject to
not located a
strument appch a fix or poietrack procedcedure; and ed approach pr
crew membe
d meteorologe.
ssary for an a
an aerodrome
ivity with theterial, or redu
ere aircraft c
drome movemtened attentio
nciples whichwhich seek
n to human p
pabilities ands.
an an accideoperation andmeans.
tions (IMC):ss than the m
ollowing type
ys: An instrumce adequate
tegory I: An decision heigrange not les
IDANCE AND
ted as a contodrome traffic
an air traffic c
at the extremit
roach procednt is not specure, if specifi
ends at a poinrocedure is in
er charged w
gical condition
aircraft’s arriv
e, as reported
e potential of uction of ability
can be held,
ment area witon by pilots/dr
h apply to asafe interfac
performance.
d limitations,
ent, associated shall includ
Meteorologicinima specifie
s of runways
ment runway for a straight-
instrument rught not lower ss than 550 m
D CONTROL
trolled aerodrc.
control cleara
ty of a runway
dure which cocified, at the ed; or at the
nt in the vicinititiated.
with duties es
ns for a spec
val at, and de
d by an accred
causing injuy to perform a
or bypassed
th a history orivers is neces
aeronautical ce between
which have
ed with the oe such occur
cal conditions ed for visual m
s intended for
served by vi-in approach.
unway servedthan 60 m (2
m.
L SYSTEMS (
rome by the D
ance.
y.
ommences at end of the lapoint of interty of an aerod
ssential to th
cified time or
eparture from
dited observe
uries to persoa prescribed f
d, to facilitate
or potential rssary.
design, certthe human a
an impact o
operation of rrences as the
expressed inmeteorologica
r the operatio
isual aids and
d by ILS and/o200 ft) and eit
(SMGCS) PA
Director Gene
the specifiedast procedure rception of thedrome from w
e operation o
period, and
m, an airport,
er.
onnel, damagfunction.
e efficient su
risk of collisio
tification, traiand other sy
on the safety
an aircraft, we Director Ge
n terms of visial conditions.
on of aircraft u
d a non-visua
or MLS and vther a visibilit
AKISTAN
eral at
d final turn,
e last which:
of an
for a
other
ge to
urface
on or
ining, ystem
y and
which eneral
bility,
using
al aid
visual ty not
Precisionaids intenft) and a r
Precisionalong surfintended runway vi intended fvisual ran
intended f Intermedand vehiccontrol tow Investigaand analyappropriat Landing A Maneuveexcluding Marking: convey ae Movemenmaneuver Night: Hoother peri
Non-Instrprocedure Operationpersonnel Operator
Pilot-In-Cas being i
Road: An Road-Ho Runway: aircraft. Runway adjacent undershoo
SU
n Approach Rded for opera
runway visual
n Approach face of the rufor operationsual range no
for operationsge less than
for operations
iate Holdingcles shall stopwer.
ation: A proceysis of informate, the makin
Area: That pa
ring Area: Taprons.
A symbol oeronautical in
nt Area: Tharing area and
ours betweenod between s
rument Runes.
ns Manual: Al in the execu
: A person, o
Command: Tn command a
n established
lding Positio
A defined r
End Safety to the end ooting or overr
URFACE MOV
Runway, Catations with a range not les
Runway, Canway and:
ns with a decot less than 2
s with a decis200 m but no
s with no deci
Position: A p and hold un
ess conductedation, the drawg of safety re
art of a move
hat part of an
r group of syformation.
t part of an a the apron(s)
the end of esunset and su
way: A runw
A manual conution of their d
rganization o
he pilot desigand charged w
surface route
on: A designa
ectangular a
Area (RESAof the strip running the ru
VEMENT GU
tegory II: An decision heigss than 350 m
ategory III: A
cision height 00 m.
sion height lowot less than 50
ision height a
designated pntil further cle
d for the purpwing of concl
ecommendatio
ment area int
n aerodrome t
ymbols displa
aerodrome to.
evening civil twunrise, as pre
way intended
ntaining proceduties.
r enterprise e
gnated by thewith the safe
e in the movem
ated position a
rea on a lan
A): An area sprimarily inte
unway.
IDANCE AND
instrument rught lower thanm.
An instrument
lower than 3
wer than 15 m0 m.
and no runway
position intendeared to proc
pose of accideusions, includons.
tended for the
to be used fo
ayed on the
be used for
wilight and thscribed by the
d for the op
edures, instru
engaged in or
e operator, orconduct of a
ment area me
at which vehic
nd aerodrome
symmetrical aended to red
D CONTROL
unway servedn 60 m (200 ft
t runway serv
30 m (100 ft)
m (50 ft), or no
y visual range
ded for traffic ceed, when s
ent preventioding the deter
e landing or ta
or the take-off
surface of th
the surface m
he beginning oe appropriate
peration of a
uctions and g
r offering to en
r in the case flight.
eant for the ex
cles may be r
e prepared fo
about the extduce the risk
L SYSTEMS (
d by ILS and/ot) but not low
ved by ILS a
), or no decis
o decision he
e limitations.
control at whso instructed
n, which inclurmination of c
ake-off of airc
f, landing and
he movement
movement of
of morning cie authority.
aircraft using
guidance for u
ngage in an a
of general av
xclusive use o
required to ho
or the landin
tended runwak of damage
(SMGCS) PA
or MLS and vwer than 30 m
nd/or MLS to
sion height a
eight and a ru
hich taxiing aiby the aerod
udes the gathcauses, and, w
craft.
d taxiing of air
t area in ord
f aircraft, inclu
vil twilight or
visual appr
use by operat
aircraft operat
viation, the ow
of vehicles.
old.
ng and take-o
ay centre lineto an aerop
AKISTAN
visual (100
o and
and a
nway
rcraft rome
hering when
rcraft,
der to
uding
such
roach
tional
tion.
wner,
off of
e and plane
Runway Genter an a Runway vehicle, o Runway runway caline.
Runway-surface, ounless oth
Serious I Serious hospitalizareceived; lacerationinternal othe body s Sign: Fixed Me
Variable message, Special Vmeteorolo Stop Waya suitable Take-Off Taxiing: Mand landin Taxiway: provide a
Aircraft Sto aircraft
Apron Tataxi route
Rapid Exaero planrunway oc Taxiway Touchdowaeroplane VFR: The
SU
Guard Lightsactive runway
Incursion: Ar person on th
Visual Rangan see the ru
Holding Posor an ILS/MLSherwise autho
ncident: An
Injury: An ation for moror results in a
ns which causrgan; or involsurface; or inv
essage Sign:
Message S as applicable
Vfr Flight: Aogical conditio
y: A defined r area in whic
Runway: A r
Movement of ng.
A defined plink between
Stand Taxi Lastands only.
axiway: A poacross the ap
xit Taxiway: Anes to turn ofccupancy time
Intersection:
wn Zone: Tes first contac
e symbol used
URFACE MOV
s: A light systy.
Any occurrenhe protected
ge (RVR): Thnway surface
sition: A desS. Critical/senorized by the
incident invol
injury, whichre than 48 ha fracture of ase severe hemlves second ovolves verifie
A sign prese
Sign: A signe.
A VFR flight ons below VM
rectangular ah an aircraft c
runway intend
an aircraft on
path on a lanone part of th
ane: A portion
ortion of a taxpron.
A taxiway conff at higher ses.
: A junction o
The portion oct the runway.
d to designate
VEMENT GU
tem intended
ce at an aerarea of a surf
he range ovee markings or
ignated positnsitive area aaerodrome co
ving circumst
h is sustainehours, commeany bone (excmorrhage, neor third degred exposure to
enting only on
n capable of
cleared by MC.
rea on the grcan be stoppe
ded for take-o
n the surface
nd aerodromehe aerodrome
n of an apron
xiway system
nnected to a rspeeds than a
f two or more
of a runway.
e the visual fli
IDANCE AND
to caution pi
rodrome invoface designat
er which the r the lights de
tion intended at which taxiinontrol tower.
tances indicat
ed by a perencing withincept simple frerve, muscle oee burns, or ao infectious su
e message.
f presenting
air traffic co
round at the eed in the case
off only.
of an aerodro
e establishede and anothe
n designated a
located on a
runway at an are achieved
e taxiways.
, beyond the
ight rules.
D CONTROL
ilots or vehicl
olving the incted for the lan
pilot of an aelineating the
to protect a ng aircraft an
ting that an a
rson in an a seven days
ractures of finor tendon daany burns affubstances or
several pre-
ontrol to ope
end of the take of an aband
ome under its
d for the taxiir, including:
as a taxiway a
an apron and
acute angle a on other ex
e threshold,
L SYSTEMS (
e drivers that
orrect presennding and tak
aircraft on therunway or ide
runway, an d vehicles sh
ccident nearly
accident and from the da
ngers, toes or mage; or invofecting more tinjurious radi
-determined
erate within a
ke-off run avadoned take-off
s own power,
ing of aircraf
and intended
intended to
and designatexit taxiways th
where it is
(SMGCS) PA
t they are abo
nce of an aireoff of aircraf
e centre line entifying its c
obstacle limithall stop and
y occurred.
d which: reqate the injurynose); or inv
olves injury tothan 5 per ceiation.
messages o
a control zon
ilable prepareff.
excluding tak
ft and intende
to provide ac
provide a thr
ed to allow lanhereby minim
intended lan
AKISTAN
out to
rcraft, ft.
of a centre
tation hold,
quires y was olves o any ent of
or no
ne in
ed as
ke-off
ed to
ccess
rough
nding mizing
nding
Threshol Visibility:object of against a seen and Visual Mdistance f
ACRON
ACAS ACC ADS ADS-B ADS-C AGL AIC AIP ALT AMSL ANO ANS APV ARFF ADC AEP AFS APC AS ASMP ATC ATS ATIS BAA CAA CAT CAVOK CDA CNS CPDLC CTA CTR DAAR DOC DG ETOPS FL FMCW FPL GMC GRM GVD hPa ICAO IFR ILS IMC
SU
d: The begin
: Visibility forsuitable dimebright backgidentified aga
eteorologicafrom cloud, an
NYMS AND AIRBO AREA AERO AUTO AUTO ABOV AERO AERO ALTIT ABOV AIR NA AIR NA APPR AERO AERO AERO AERO APPR AERO AERO AIR TR AIR TR AUTO BRITIS PAKIS CATEG CEILIN CONT COMM CONT CONT CONT DIREC DOCU DIREC EXTEN FLIGH FREQ FILED GROU GROU GROU HECT INTER INSTR INSTR INSTR
URFACE MOV
ning of that p
r aeronauticaensions, situaround; the grainst an unlit
al Conditionsnd ceiling, eq
ABBREVIAORNE COLLIS
CONTROL CODROME STA
MATIC DEPEMATIC DEPE
VE GROUND ONAUTICAL INONAUTICAL IN
UDE VE MEAN SEA
AVIGATION OAVIGATION SOACH PROC
ODROME RESODROME CONODROME EMEODROME FIR
OACH CONTODROME STAODROME STARAFFIC CONRAFFIC SERMATIC TERMSH AIRPORT
STAN CIVIL AGORY NG AND VISI
TINUOUS DESMUNICATIONTROLLER PILTROL AREA TROL ZONE CTORATE OFUMENT CTOR-GENENDED RANG
HT LEVEL UENCY MOD
D FLIGHT PLAUND MOVEMUND ROLL MUND VEHICLEOPASCAL
RNATIONAL CRUMENT FLIGRUMENT LANRUMENT MET
VEMENT GU
ortion of the r
al purposes isated near theeatest distanbackground.
s (VMC): Meual to or bette
ATIONS SION AVOIDCENTRE ANDARDS ENDENT SURENDENT SURLEVEL NFORMATIONFORMATIO
A LEVEL ORDER SERVICE
CEDURE WITSCUE FIRE FNTROL ERGENCY PE SERVICE
TROL ANDARD ANDARD MANTROL RVICES MINAL INFORTS AUTHORITAVIATION AU
IBILITY OK SCENT APPR
N, NAVIGATIOLOT DATA LIN
F AIRSPACE
RAL GE OPERATIO
DULATED COAN ENT CONTRONITOR E DRIVER
CIVIL AVIATIGHT RULESNDING SYSTTEOROLOGI
IDANCE AND
runway usabl
s the greater e ground, cace at which li
eteorological er than specif
ANCE SYST
RVEILLANCERVEILLANCE
ON CIRCULARON PUBLICAT
TH VERTICALFIGHTING
ROCEDURE
NUAL PAKIS
RMATION SETY
UTHORITY
ROACH ON AND SURNK COMMUN
AND AEROD
ONS
ONTINUOUS
ROL
ON ORGANI
EM ICAL CONDIT
D CONTROL
e for landing.
of: the grean be seen aights in the vi
conditions exfied minima.
EM
E (BROADCAE (CONTRAC
R TION
L GUIDANCE
STAN
ERVICE
RVEILLANCENICATION
DROME REG
WAVE
ZATION
TIONS
L SYSTEMS (
test distancend recognizeicinity of 1000
xpressed in
AST) CT)
E
GULATIONS
(SMGCS) PA
e at which a ed when obse0 candelas ca
terms of visi
AKISTAN
black erved an be
bility,
IRVR ITU kt km LATCC LSA m MASU MET METAR MLS MSL MOR NACP NAV NDB NPA OBS ODM OFZ OLS PA PIC RADAR RESA RFF RTF RVR RVSM SMGC SMGCS SMR SPECI SSR SVD TELS TMA UTC VFR VMC VOR VTOL
SU
INSTR INTER KNOT KILOM LOND LOCA METR MOVE METE AERO MICRO MEAN METE NATIO NAVIG NON D NON-P OBSE OPER OBSTA OBSTA PREC PILOT RADIO RUNW RESC RADIO RUNW REDU SURFA SURFA SURFA AERO SECO SPEC TELEC TERM UNIVE VISUA VISUA VHF O VERT
URFACE MOV
RUMENTED RRNATIONAL TT METRE ON AIR TRALIZER SENS
RE EMENT AREAOROLOGICA
ODROME ROUOWAVE LAN
N SEA LEVELOROLOGICA
ONAL AIRFIEGATION DIRECTIONAPRECISION ARVATORY
RATION DUTYACLE FREE ACLE LIMITAISION APPR
T-IN-COMMANO DETECTIOWAY END SA
UE FIRE FIGOTELEPHONWAY VISUAL
CE VERTICAACE MOVEMACE MOVEMACE MOVEM
ODROME SPEONDARY SUR
IAL VEHICLECOMMUNICA
MINAL AREA ERSAL COORAL FLIGHT RAL METEOROOMNIDIRECTICAL TAKE O
VEMENT GU
RUNWAY VISTELECOMMU
AFFIC CONTRSITIVE AREA
A SAFETY UNAL OR METEUTINE METEDING SYSTE
L AL OPTICAL LD CLEARAN
AL RADIO BEAPPROACH
Y MANAGERZONE
ATION SURFROACH PROC
ND N AND RANGFETY AREA
GHTING NY
RANGE AL SEPARATMENT GUIDAMENT GUIDAMENT RADARECIAL METEORVEILLANCEE DRIVER ATION ENGIN
RDINATED TULES
OLOGICAL CTIONAL RADIOFF AND LAN
IDANCE AND
SUAL RANGEUNICATION U
ROL CENTRE
NIT OROLOGY
EOROLOGICAEM
RANGE NCE POLICY
EACON PROCEDUR
R
ACE CEDURE
GING
TION MINIMUANCE AND COANCE AND COR OROLOGICA RADAR
NEERS
TIME
CONDITIONSIO RANGE NDING
D CONTROL
E UNION
E
AL REPORT
Y
RE
UM ONTROL ONTROL SYS
AL REPORT
L SYSTEMS (
STEM
(SMGCS) PA
AKISTAN
SU
INT
URFACE MOV
TENTI
VEMENT GU
IONAL
IDANCE AND
LLY LE
D CONTROL
EFT B
L SYSTEMS (
BLANK
(SMGCS) PA
K
AKISTAN
3
31/12/2014
PURPOinadverten
1.1 WC
1
1
1
1.2 WS
1
1
SU
SE The pnt incursions
WHAT IS CONTROL S
.1.1 In its bconsisgroundrelatesthe draircrafor reguthe tra
.1.2 An SMthe lanrunwaymaintesystemcollectregulamanoesuch providmovemregulaObviouinadve
.1.3 Althounevertapplica
WHAT DOESYSTEM CO
.2.1 In thisto the particuconsis
.2.2 An SMaids, prange visibilitheavy aerodraerodr
RFACE MOV
purpose of thof aircraft and
MEANT SYSTEM?
broadest senssts of the prod vehicles ans to facilities, ivers of grouft or vehicles ulation" mean
affic flows smo
MGC system nding runway y, as well aenance area m extends ovetively referredting the aceuvring area responsibilityes guidance
ment area. Ition of the peusly, the provertent or unau
ugh this mantheless true thable to all aer
ES A SUOMPRISE?
manual the system of a
ular requiremstent with the
MGC system procedures, cfrom the ver
ty conditionstraffic opera
rome will berome will ope
VEMENT GUI
1-
Cha
INTRO
his manual id vehicles on
BY A SU
se, a Surfaceovision of gund personnel
information and vehicles ton the surfac
ns the measuoothly and fre
provides guidto the parkin
as other movto an apron, er both the "md to as the tivities and rests with the
y rests with to, and con addition,
ersonnel authvision of suchuthorized entry
nual was mahat many of trodromes whe
RFACE M?
term "surfaceaids, facilitiesents for guidparticular ope
comprises acontrol, regulary simple at s, to the comating in lowe appropriatrate.
DANCE AND
-1
apter 1
ODUCTION
s to design to an active r
URFACE
e Movement Guidance to, aon the move
and advice neto find their wces or within tres necessar
eely.
dance to, andg position on
vement on thor from apro
manoeuvring" "movement
the moveme air traffic cthe apron m
ontrol or regthe system orized to be o a system pla
ry onto operat
ainly preparethe procedureether controlle
MOVEMENT
e movement s, proceduresdance to, anderational need
an appropriateation, managesmall aerodro
mplex systemw visibility cote to the o
D CONTROL
N
SMGCS at runway or tax
MOVEMEN
Guidance andand control oment area of
ecessary to enway on the athe areas intery to prevent c
d control or re the apron an
he aerodromeon to apron. and "apron" area". Norm
ment of aircrontrol service
management ulation of aprovides gu
on the movemays an importtional runway
ed for controes, aids and ed or uncontr
T GUIDAN
guidance ands and regulatd control or rds at an aero
e combinatioement and infomes, with lig
ms necessary onditions. Theperational e
SYSTEMS (S
an aerodromiway.
NT GUIDA
d Control Sysor regulation f an aerodromnable the piloaerodrome anended for thecollisions and
egulation of, and back againe surface suIn other worareas. These
mally the resraft and vehe. In the caseservice. The
ll ground veidance to, ament area of tant part in gus.
olled aerodrofunctions in trolled.
NCE AND
d control systtions designeregulation of, drome.
n of visual aformation facght traffic ope
at large aee system senvironment
SMGCS) PAK
MNL-004-DR
me to preve
ANCE AN
stem (SMGCSof, all aircra
me. "Guidancots of aircraft nd to keep thir use. "Contr
d to ensure th
an aircraft fron to the take-ouch as from rds, the SMGe two areas asponsibility fhicles on the of the aproe system alsehicles on thand control an aerodrom
uarding again
mes but, it the manual a
CONTRO
tem" is applieed to meet th
surface traff
ids, non-visuilities. Systemerating in gooerodromes wielected for ain which th
KISTAN
RAS-2.0
ent
D
S) ft, e" or he rol at
om off a
GC re
for he on, so he or e.
nst
is re
OL
ed he fic
ual ms od th an at
3
31/12/2014
1.3 WS
1
1
1.4 O
1
1
1
1.5 O
1
1.6 R
1
SU
WHOM DOSYSTEM IN
.3.1 Becauordinawith acontroto maiused f
.3.2 The aeordinaadmincontroappropmovem
OPERATION
.4.1 The Soperat
1.4.1.1
1.4.1.2
.4.2 Each purpos2 -2 an
.4.3 AlthoutaxiingOperaexperioperat
OPERATION
.5.1 The opare thexists but thiguidan
REASONS F
.6.1 The moperatcollisioand osimpleachievpilots procedrequire
RFACE MOV
OES A SUNVOLVE?
use of the mute fully all cur
aerodrome el service, opentain compator civil and m
erodrome auttion during plistration of thl unit, commupriate, the mment guidanc
NAL COND
SMGC systemtional conditio
1 the vismaintai
2 the traf
of these conse of selectinnd 2-3.
ugh a visibilityg of aircraft tional experenced and ttions possible
NAL REQU
perational reqose approprifor guidances is considere
nce and contr
FOR PROV
main reason te safely in thons between obstacles, beest case, i.e. ived by a systand vehicle
dures. In mored.
VEMENT GUI
1-
URFACE M
lti-disciplinaryrrent and plan
engineering, erators and pibility of pract
military operati
thority shouldlanning of thee State conceunications anilitary, to asce and control
DITIONS
m to be provons. They are
sibility conditiin operations
ffic density.
ditions has bg the appropr
y of less thanat or near
rience suggthe cost of te does not jus
UIREMENT
quirements ariate to the m
e and control ed to be beyorol system.
VIDING AN
for providinghe intended c
aircraft, betwetween vehicn good visibiltem of visualdrivers to ware complex a
DANCE AND
-2
MOVEMENT
y interests in nned use of aoperations,
pilot requiremetices betweenions, co-ordin
d ensure that e SMGC systerned, includi
nd operations certain and c system.
vided at an a:
ons under w; and
been further riate combina
n 400 m is onzero visibilit
ests that tthe electroni
stify their cons
TS
re shown in Tmovement are
of emergencond the area
N SMGC SY
g an SMGC onditions. Thween aircraftcles and obslity and in ligh signs and aatch out and and/or heavy
D CONTROL
T GUIDAN
an SMGC syan SMGC syscommunicatioents. Additionn States. At anation with the
there is approtem with the aing aerodromspecialists, o
confirm the re
aerodrome de
which the aer
defined in Cation of aids a
ne of the critty are not athese conditc equipmentsideration at t
Table 1-1. Thea. It is recocy vehicles oof applicabili
YSTEM
system is toe system shot and groundstacles, and ht traffic conda set of aerod
give way intraffic, a mo
SYSTEMS (S
NCE AND
ystem, there isstem to ensurons, aerodronally, there isaerodromes we military is ne
opriate consuappropriate b
me engineeringoperators, piloequirements
epends prim
rodrome auth
hapter 2, Taand procedure
teria used, readdressed intions are n necessary this time.
he requiremenognized that outside the mty of the surf
o enable an ould be desigd vehicles, be
between veitions, this obdrome traffic accordance re elaborate
SMGCS) PAK
MNL-004-DR
CONTRO
s a need to cre compatibiliome air traff a requireme
which are jointecessary.
ultation and cbranches of thg, the air traffots and, wheof the surfac
arily upon tw
hority plans
ble 2-1 for thes from Table
equirements fn this manuanot commonto make suc
nts in the taba requireme
movement areface moveme
aerodrome gned to preveetween aircraehicles. In thbjective may brules requirinwith specifie
system will b
KISTAN
RAS-2.0
OL
o-ity fic
ent tly
o-he fic re ce
wo
to
he es
for al. nly ch
ble ent ea, nt
to ent aft he be ng ed be
3
31/12/2014
1
1
1
1.7 F
1
T
SU
.6.2 An essor inadsystemmay rethat an
.6.3 Anotherescueon the
.6.4 It shouregulasuffersobjecticapacithe reqwhen doccur
FUTURE CO
.7.1 All aerthe opoperataerodrand ara probguidanso thaFinanchowevsitting,in the exampof a taassocitechnicwhich
The system s
1. Requ
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
RFACE MOV
sential safety dvertent entr
m aid in accoequire a mean operational
er important e and fire figh movement a
uld be empharity of movem
s under heavyive is to havity of the runwquirements ofdesigning an in lower visib
ONSIDERA
rodromes reqperational cote. Failure torome will leadre uneconomiblem for the nce and contrat componentscial consideraver, be borne, in the light o
long term, ple would be axiway wheniated runwaycal research may either co
should be app
uirements of a
communicthe approcontrol un
acceptable
optimum udocuments
compatibilsystems; acurrent an
VEMENT GUI
1-
function of ary onto operaomplishing thians of electro
runway is ind
safety functiohting vehiclesarea.
asized that anment under vay traffic condve a system ways and withf both landingSMGC syste
ilities than lan
ATIONS
quire an SMGonditions undo provide a d to a restricteic at aerodromground mov
rol systems ss can be add
ations play ane in mind thatof planned fulead to the the provision
n it is knowny to categorywill continue
omplement or
propriate to th
a general natu
cation capabiopriate controit(s) and grou
e work-loads
use of aids as and in this m
ity between and
nd forecast me
DANCE AND
-3
n SMGC systational runwais aim. Howenic surveillan
deed clear.
on of an SMs in locating a
n SMGC systearying operatiitions and whwhich is co
h the demandg and take-offem. At some anding operatio
GC system. Hder which it system appred movementmes where vivement of aishould be devded when trafn important pat the selectioture developmmore advant
n for taxiway n that at a lay II or III. It
in this field r replace exis
he visibility an
ure:
lity between ol unit(s) andund vehicles;
on the users
and procedurmanual;
individual e
eteorological
D CONTROL
tem is to safeays. All the dever, under pnce to assure
MGC system and proceedin
em should beional conditiohen visibility compatible witds placed on tf operations sairports it maons.
owever, eachis intended
ropriate to tht rate. Complesibility and trrcraft and veveloped with ffic requiremeart in the seleon of componment, while intageous use centre line ligater date it it should-furthand new com
sting SMGC s
d traffic dens
the appropriad aircraft and
of the SMGC
es already s
elements of
conditions.
SYSTEMS (S
eguard againsdifferent comppoor visibility
air traffic con
is to provideng to the site
e designed soons. Regularityconditions areh the landingthe aerodrom
should be takeay be that take
h system musthat the ae
he demands ex systems aaffic density wehicles. Surfaa modular co
ents justify suection of a sysnents in a synitially more eof financial
ghts during ths intended to
her be bornemponents willsystem compo
sity and should
ate control und between th
C system;
pecified in IC
the guidanc
SMGCS) PAK
MNL-004-DR
st unauthorizeponents of thconditions thntrol personn
e assistance of an accide
o as to maintay of operatione reduced. Thg and take-o
me. To this enen into accoueoff operation
st be related erodrome sha
placed on aare not requirewill not preseace movemeoncept in minuch expansiostem: it shoulstem and theexpensive caresources. A
he constructioo upgrade th
e in mind thl be developeonents.
d provide:
nit(s), betweehe appropria
CAO regulato
e and contr
KISTAN
RAS-2.0
ed he his nel
to ent
ain ns he off d, nt ns
to all an ed ent ent nd on. d,
eir an, An on he at ed
en ate
ory
rol
3
31/12/2014
Table 1
SU
2. Requ
a)
b) c) d) e)
f) g) inf
and h) inf
3 Requ a) in
u b) in
m c) in d) in e) fa
4 Requ a) e
b) o
.1 - Operatio
RFACE MOV
uirements of Porientationarrival, to for take-ofinformatioinformatioguidancewarning oi. ii. identificat
formation to p
formation on suirements of anformation onnder tow;
nformation onmovements mnformation onnformation onacilities approuirements of gemergency ve
1) 2) 3) 4) inf
other ground v1) 2) 3) inf
onal Requirem
VEMENT GUI
1-
Pilots: n, guidance athe parking pff on departuron on the rouon on position
e along the rouof:
changes in stops and o
tion of areas prevent collis
system failureappropriate con the identity,
n the identity, might conflict wn the presencen the operatioopriate to the ground vehicleehicles
information guidance alcapability to
formation to pvehicles
information guidance al
formation to p
ments Of Su
DANCE AND
-4
and control beposition, and fre; te to be follown along the route being follo
direction; other speed adto be avoided
sion with othe
es affecting saontrol units: position and
position and with aircraft me of temporarnal status of econtrol to be es on the mov
on the route ong the route
o locate the siprevent collisi
on the route ong the route
prevent collisi
rface Movem
D CONTROL
eginning at thfrom the park
wed; oute being folowed and par
djustments; d; er aircraft, gro
afety.
progress of a
progress of gmovements; ry obstacles oelements of thexercised. vement area:
to be followede being followite of an emeron with aircra
to be followede being followon with aircra
ment Guidanc
SYSTEMS (S
he end of landking position u
lowed; rking guidanc
ound vehicles
aircraft includi
ground vehicle
or other hazarhe system; an
:
d; wed;
rgency; aft and ground
d; wed; aft and ground
ce And Cont
SMGCS) PAK
MNL-004-DR
ding roll-out oup to alignme
ce;
s or obstacle
ng aircraft
es whose
rds; nd
d vehicles; an
d vehicles.
trol Systems
KISTAN
RAS-2.0
on ent
es;
nd
s
2.1 V
2
1.
2.
3.
Light
Medium
Heavy
2
SU
DESIGNVISIBILITY
.1.1 The voperatwhen systemconditiTable to them
(Visibil
Visibility suffat intersectioover all traffiVisibility suffat intersectiocontrol over Visibility less
Not greater tmovements;Of the ordermovements;Of the ordermovements.
.1.2 The eqdepenshouldfundam
2.1.2.1
RFACE MOV
NING AN AND TRAF
visibility condtions and theselecting co
m for an airpoions have bee2.1. Whenev
m in Table 2.1
lity and Tra
ficient for the ons by visuaic on the basificient for the ons by visual all traffic on t
s than 400 m
(in the me
than 15 move; r of 16 to 25 m; and r of 26 or mor.
BASIC EQquipment reqd both on the
d take place. mental to any
1 MARKI
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.1
2.1.2.1
VEMENT GUI
Ch
SMGC SYFFIC COND
ditions undee traffic densimponents fo
ort. For the puen subdividedver these term1.
Taffic Condi
-Explana
VISIBILITpilot to taxi al reference, as of visual supilot to taxi areference, bu
the basis of vRVR (low vis
TRAFan busy hour
ements per ru
movements pe
e movements
QUIPMENTuired at a pae density of trFor guidance
y SMGC syste
INGS:
.1 runway
.2 taxiway
.3 taxi-hold
.4 taxiway
.5 apron
.6 restricte
DANCE AND
hapter 2
YSTEM FDITIONS
r which thety are the tw
or a surface urpose of discd and definems are used in
Table 2.1 itions Assoation Of Te
TY CONDITIOand to avoid cand for perso
urveillance; and to avoid cut insufficientisual surveilla
sibility operati
FFIC DENSITYr as determine
unway or typic
er runway or
s per runway
T REQUIRErticular aerodraffic and thee on this, seeem and should
centre line
centre line
ding position
intersection
ed use areas
D CONTROL
FOR AN A
aerodrome wo most impo
movement gcussing SMGed accordingn this manual
ociated Witerms)
ONS collision with onnel of cont
collision with t for personneance; and ons).
Y ed by the indi
cally less than
typically betw
or typically m
EMENTS drome for proe visibility cone 2.4. Howevd therefore be
SYSTEMS (S
AERODRO
authority portant factors guidance andGC systems, vg to the tel they have th
th SMGC S
other traffic otrol units to e
other traffic oel of control u
ividual State)
n 20 total aero
ween 20 to 35
more than 35 t
ovision of an Snditions in whver, the followe provided at
SMGCS) PAK
OME
plans to maito be consid
d control (SMvisibility and terms indicathe meanings g
Systems-
on taxiways aexercise cont
on taxiways aunits to exerci
odrome
5 total aerodro
total aerodrom
SMGC systemich the operawing equipmeall aerodrom
KISTAN
intain dered MGC) traffic ted in given
and trol
and ise
ome
me
m will ations ent is es:
2.2 B
2
2
SU
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.4
BASIC PRO
.2.1 Procedimplempartly particuguidanSMGC
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3
.2.2 Table combinnot onsafe a
RFACE MOV
2 LIGHTI
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.2
2.1.2.2
3 SIGNS
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.3
4 OTHER
2.1.2.4
2.1.2.4
2.1.2.4
2.1.2.4
OCEDURAL
dures are anmented partlyby the pilot.
ular aerodromnce on this sC system and
1 AEROD
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.1
2.2.1.1
2 AIR TR
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.2
2.2.1.2
3 PILOT:
2.2.1.3
2.2.1.3
2.2 lists thnations of tra
nly the basic nd expeditiou
VEMENT GUI
ING:
.1 runway
.2 taxiway
.3 obstacle
.4 restricte
:
.1 mandato
.2 informat
R:
.1 aerodro
.2 aerodro
.3 signalin
.4 radiotele
L/ ADMINIS
n important y by the aerod
As in the came will be dicsee 2.5. How
should theref
DROME AUT
.1 Designa
.2 moveme
.3 regulatio
.4 regulatio
.5 periodic
.6 initiation
.7 apron m
RAFFIC SERV
.1 provisio
.2 use of r
.3 use of s
.4 monitor
:
.1 adheren
.2 use of ra
he aids conaffic and visib
aids detailedus movement
DANCE AND
edge
edge
e lights
ed use areas
ory signs, e.g
tion signs, e.g
ome chart
ome control se
g lamp
ephony equip
STRATION
and integral drome author
ase of SMGCctated by bothwever, the fol
fore be imple
THORITY:
ation of taxiwa
ent area inspe
on of ground
on of grou
c electrical mo
n of amendme
management
VICES:
on of air traffic
radiotelephon
signaling lamp
ing of SMGC
nce to ground
adiotelephony
nsidered appility condition
d in 2.2.1 butof aircraft un
D CONTROL
g. taxi-holding
g. location an
ervice
pment.
REQUIRE
part of an rity, partly by
C aids, the proh traffic densilowing procemented at all
ays
ections
staff conduct
und staff r
onitoring of SM
ent of aerodro
c control servi
ny procedures
p
aids
d movement tr
y procedures
propriate fors. It will be ot also the addder different t
SYSTEMS (S
g position, NO
d destination
EMENTS
SMGC systey the air trafficocedures to ity and visibildures are fu aerodromes
t on the move
radiotelephon
MGC aids
ome chart as
ces
s and phrase
raffic rules an
s and phrase
each of thbserved that ditional aids traffic and de
SMGCS) PAK
O ENTRY,STO
em and theyc control unitbe employedity conditionsndamental to:
ement area
ny procedures
necessary
eology
nd regulations
eology
he nine posthe table inclneeded to ennsity conditio
KISTAN
OP
y are , and
d at a s. For o any
s
s
ssible ludes nsure
ons.
_______ Aid _______Apron marki Runway cen Taxiway cen Taxi-holding Visual aids f Runway edg Taxiway edg Obstacle lig Signs Taxiway inte Charts (aero Aerodrome c Signaling lam Radioteleph Taxi-holding Clearance b Electrical mo Taxiway cen Stop bars Selective swCentre line l Selective swTaxiway cen Surface movAircraft stan Runway clea Secondary p Visual docki * See App
SU
_________ Tr
Vis_________ings
ntre line marking
ntre line marking
g position markin
for denoting restr
ge lights
ge lights
hting
ersection marking
odrome, moveme
control service
mp
ony equipment
g position lights
bars
onitoring system
ntre line lights
witching capabilityights
witching capabilityntre line lights
vement radar (SMd manoeuvring g
arance aid
power supply
ng guidance sys
pendix A for furth
RFACE MOV
__________raffic Condition
sibility Condition__________
g
ricted use areas
g
ent, apron)
for lights
y for Taxiway
y for apron
MR) guidance lights
stem
her information o
Table 2.2 -
VEMENT GUI
__________s---- Light
ns---- 1 2 3 __________ x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
on visual aids
Guidance On
DANCE AND
_________ Medium He
1 2 3 1_________ x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x
x x
x
x
x x
x
x x
x
n Selecting S
D CONTROL
__________eavy
1 2 3 S__________
x x A D
x x A
x x A
x x A
x x A
x x A D
x x A D
x x A D
x x A D
x x A
x x A
x x A
x x A
x x A
x x A
x x A
x x A D
x A D
x x A D
x A C
x A C
x x A x A
x x A
x x A D
x x A D
SMGC Syste
SYSTEMS (S
_________
STATE DOCUM_________
ASMP, Chapter 5Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 7
ASMP, Chapter 5Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 5Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 6Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 5Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 1
ANO-002-DRAN-
ASMP, Chapter 5
ANO-002-DRAN-
ASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 8Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 5Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 5Design Manual, P
Aerodrome DesigChapter 10 and P
Aerodrome DesigChapter 10 and P
Air Traffic ServiceASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 5
ASMP, Chapter 8Design Manual, P
ASMP, Chapter 5Design Manual, P
m Aids
SMGCS) PAK
__________
ENT REFERENC__________5; Aerodrome Part 4, Chapter 2
5
5
5
7
5; Aerodrome Part 5, Chapter 3
5; Aerodrome Part 5, Chapter 3
6; Aerodrome Part 4, Chapter 1
5; Aerodrome Part 4, Chapter 1
5
3, 14 and 15
1.0,
5
1.0
5
5
8; Aerodrome Part 5, Chapter 3
5; Aerodrome Part 5, Chapter 3
5; Aerodrome Part 5, Chapter 3
gn Manual, Part 4Part 5, Chapter 3
gn Manual, Part 4Part 5, Chapter 3
es Planning Man5
5
8; Aerodrome Part 5, Chapter 2
5; Aerodrome Part 4, Chapter 1
KISTAN
_
CE* _
4
1
4,
4,
nual
2
_______ Procedure _______Aerodrome Periodic elec
Designation Movement a
Regulation othe moveme
Initiation of acharts as ne
Regulation oradiotelepho Establishme Low visibilitymeasures Continual elSMGC aids
ATS
Visual monit
Use of radioPhraseology Use of signa Control of oton the mano Operation of Determinatioto be followe Application o Initiation & teProcedures Application o Continual el Monitoring o Selective sw
Selective sw * See App
SU
_________ Traff
Visibili_________ Authority
ctrical monitoring
of taxiways
area inspections
of ground staff coent area
amendment of aeecessary
of ground staff ony procedures
ent of standard ta
y movement area
ectrical monitorin
toring of SMGC a
otelephony procey
aling lamp
ther than aircraftoeuvring area
f lighting aids
on of the taxiwayed
of sequencing pr
ermination of low
of separation crit
ectrical monitorin
of surface movem
witching of taxiwa
witching of stop b
pendix A for furth
RFACE MOV
__________fic Conditions--
ity Conditions--__________
g of SMGC aids
& reporting
onduct on
erodrome
axi routes
a protection
ng of
aids
edures &
t traffic
y route
rocedure
w visibility
teria
ng of SMGC aids
ment on SMR
ay centre line ligh
bars
her information o
VEMENT GUI
__________--- Light M
--- 1 2 3 __________
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x x
x
x
s x
hts
x
on visual aids
DANCE AND
_________Medium He
1 2 3 1 _________
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
x
x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x
x
x
x x
x
x x x
D CONTROL
__________avy
2 3 ST__________
x x A C
x x S
x x A C
x x S
x x S
x x P
x x S
x S
x A C
x x A
x x A th
x x A
x x P
x x P
x x P C
x x S
x P C
x P C
x A C
x x S
x A &
x x A &
SYSTEMS (S
_________
TATE DOCUME_________
ASMP, Chapter 8Chapter 3 of this
See Chapter 3 of
ASMP, Chapter 2Chapter 3 of this
See Chapter 3 of
See Chapter 6 of
Para D4.4.6 of AN
See Chapter 3 &
See Chapter 5 of
ASMP, Chapter 8Chapter 3 of this
ANO-002-DRAN-
ANO-003-DRTS-1he Manual of Rad
ANO-003-DRAN-
PANS-RAC, Part
PANS-RAC, Part
PANS-RAC, Part Chapter 3 of this
See Chapter 4 of
PANS-RAC, Part Chapter 5 of this
PANS-RAC, Part Chapter 4 of this
ANO-002-DRAN-Chapter 3 of this
See Chapter 4 of
Aerodrome Desig& PANS-RAC, Pa
Aerodrome Desig& PANS-RAC Pa
SMGCS) PAK
__________
ENT REFERENC__________
8 & manual
this manual
2 & manual
this manual
this manual
NO-003-DRTS-1
6 of this manual
this manual
8 & manual
1.0
1.0, Part 9 & diotelephony
1.1, Appendix A
5 (Doc-4444)
5 (Doc-4444)
5 (Doc-4444) &manual
this manual
5 (Doc-4444) &manual
5 (Doc-4444) &manual
1.0 & manual
this manual
gn Manual Part 4 art 5 (Doc-4444)
gn Manual Part 4 rt 5 (Doc-4444)
KISTAN
_
CE* _
.0,
_______ Procedure _______ Adherence trules & regu
Use of radiophraseology
Apron Mana
Apron regula Emergency Communica Stand alloca Apron secur Operating of Provision of Low visibility * See App
2
2
2
SU
_________ Traff
Visibili_________to ground movemulations
otelephony procey
agement
ations & procedu
procedures
tion procedures
ation & informatio
rity procedures
f lighting & docki
discrete RTF ch
y procedures
pendix A for furth
Ta
.2.3 The tacombinuseful system
2.2.3.1
2.2.3.2
2.2.3.3
2.2.3.4
2.2.3.5
.2.4 Signs RTF cvariabimprovguidan
.2.5 Chartsaerodrinsufficshownwhen requireand noThe awith th
RFACE MOV
__________fic Conditions--
ity Conditions--__________ment traffic
edures &
ures
with ATS
on
ng aids
hannel
her information o
ble 2.3 - Guid
able lists thenations of trafin other situ
m the followin
1 the num
2 weathe
3 space a
4 precisio
5 availab
are a basic acommunicatiole which is nvements in thnce and contr
s are anotherome chart wcient, as mo
n on the aerothis too is inced. As the prot visibility orerodrome au
he amount of
VEMENT GUI
__________--- Light M
--- 1 2 3 __________
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
on visual aids
dance On Se
e visual docffic and visibiations as weg factors mer
mber of aircra
er conditions
available on t
on required a
bility and cost
aid. They servons. The numnot reflected he signs provrol are require
er aid which was defined re informatiodrome chart. capable of shrovision of ther traffic condiuthority shouldinformation re
DANCE AND
_________Medium He
1 2 3 1 _________ x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x x
x
electing SMG
king guidanclity conditions
ell. In evaluatrit considerati
aft using the a
the apron
t the parking
of alternative
ve an importamber and qua
in the table. vided as well ed.
cannot be in ANO-00
on about the Accordingly,
howing all infese charts is tions only ond assess theequired to be
D CONTROL
__________avy
2 3 ST__________
x x ANO
x x ANO- Manu
x x ASM Chap
x x Chap
x x Chap
x x Chap
x x Chap
x Chapt
x x Chap
x Chap
GC System P
ce system ass. A visual doing the need on:
aircraft stand
position
e means.
ant function inlity of signs pAs traffic incas the lightin
precisely spe8-DRAN-1.1. aerodrome i a ground mo
formation an related to the
ne entry, "Che number of
shown.
SYSTEMS (S
_________
TATE DOCUME_________
O-003-DRAN-1.1
-003-DRTS-1.0 &ual of Radiotelep
P, Chapter 9 & pter 8 of this man
pter 5 & 8 of this
pter 4 & 8 of this
pter 8 of this man
ter 8 of this man
ter 8 of this man
ter 8 of this man
pter 5 of this man
Procedures
s an essentocking guidan
for a visual
n informing a provided at acreases or v
ng and electro
ecified. Until This is no
is often requovement chaapron parkine complexity arts", is inclucharts requir
SMGCS) PAK
__________
ENT REFERENC__________
& the phony
nual
manual
manual
nual
ual
ual
ual
nual
tial aid for ace system madocking guid
pilot and reduan aerodromevisibility decreonic aids use
recently onlw recognize
uired than cart is specifiedg/docking chof the aerod
uded in Tablered in accord
KISTAN
_
CE* _
a few ay be dance
ucing e is a eases ed for
ly an d as
an be d and art is rome
e 2-2. dance
2.3 M
2
2
2.4 R
2
2
2
2
SU
MATCHING
.3.1 Table combinincludeprocedtraffic
.3.2 It is tomanagprocedmanagthese author
REVIEW OF
.4.1 Regulafulfillinorderlyas anaerodrat reguthe tim
.4.2 In all followi
2.4.2.1
2.4.2.2
2.4.2.3
.4.3 It is alor otheand coSMGC
.4.4 Apartcausinthe ap
2.4.4.1
2.4.4.2
2.4.4.3
2.4.4.4
RFACE MOV
G PROCEDU
2-3 lists thenations of traes not only dures neededand visibility c
o be noted gement procdures for thegement unit. Iprocedures w
rity.
F SYSTEM
ar reviews of g its intendedy introductiond when warrome in the eular intervals
me frame emp
cases, the Sng circumsta
1 the volu
2 operati
3 the aerbrough
so conceivaber external cironsequently
C system requ
from traffic ng a deteriorapearance of t
1 a marktraffic mtaneou
2 a markSMGC
3 an incrrunwaythereby
4 the ocmovem
VEMENT GUI
URES TO A
e procedures affic density a
the basic pd to ensure saconditions.
that a separcedures. Thise case wherIf no separatewill rest, in p
AND IMPR
the SMGC sd task, and ton of a more arranted. Idea
early stages owill serve to
ployed in the m
SMGC systemnces:
ume of traffic
ons in lower v
rodrome layout into operatio
ble that ATS rrcumstances,the pattern o
uirements.
movement coation of the efthe following
ked need for movements, gsly throughou
ked increase i;
rease in the y/taxi way inty contributing
currence of ments.
DANCE AND
AERODRO
considered and visibility cprocedures dafe and expe
rate section s has been re it is intene apron manapart, with the
ROVEMENT
ystem shouldo assist the aedvanced syst
ally, a masteof its developmonitor the d
master plan.
m will need t
increases sig
visibility cond
ut is changedon.
restructuring , may affect thof movement
ounts, the exffectiveness osymptoms:
increased viggenerated by ut the aerodro
in the loading
number of ptersections, rto the increa
bottlenecks,
D CONTROL
OME COND
appropriate conditions. It detailed in 2
editious move
of Table 2-3done to co
nded to estaagement unit i
ATS unit an
T
d be carried oerodrome auttem and the er plan will ment, in whicdevelopment
to be review
gnificantly;
itions are pla
d, i.e. new run
of the airspache flow of trafts on the run
xtent to whicof the SMGC
gilance in thethe number
ome complex;
g on the com
problems occrequiring intease in radio co
congestion
SYSTEMS (S
DITIONS
for each of will be obser2.3.1 but als
ement of aircr
3 has been onveniently iablish a selfis establishedd, in part, wi
out to ensure hority in plannecessary suhave been
ch case a revof the aerodr
wed under on
nned; and
nways, taxiwa
ce surroundinffic to and fro
nways, thereb
ch increasedsystem may
e visual surveof movement;
munications
curring at crorvention by tommunication
and delays
SMGCS) PAK
the nine posrved that the so the additraft under diff
devoted to aisolate applicf-contained ad, responsibiliith the aerod
that the systening ahead foupporting faciprepared fo
view of the syrome in relati
ne or more o
ays, or apron
ng the aerodrom the aerodrby influencing
traffic volumbe determine
eillance of suts occurring s
channels use
ossing pointsthe controllerns; and
in surface t
KISTAN
ssible table tional ferent
apron cable apron ity for rome
em is or the lities, r the
ystem on to
of the
s are
rome, rome, g the
me is ed by
urface simul-
ed for
s and r and
traffic
3.1 G
3
3
3
3.2 D
3
SU
GENERAL
.1.1 In the one nethis chinvolve
3.1.1.1
3.1.1.2
3.1.1.3
3.1.1.4
3.1.1.5
.1.2 The chfunctioas theaddres
.1.3 The arfunctiobe traiapplies
DIVISION O
.2.1 AIR TR
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
3.2.1.4
RFACE MOV
FUNCT
surface moveeds to identhapter discused with surfac
1 Air Traf
2 Apron M
3 Pilots
4 Aerodro
5 Ground
hapter clearlyons and emphe use of grossed.
rea most comon correctly, ained, monitors to SMGC sy
OF RESPON
RAFFIC SER
1 Use of the privehiclearea. Itin the sAt busyand SMfor RTF
2 When athe guigovern
3 Issue ounit wiwhich waircraftradioteadvancmore in
4 Determshould aim sh
VEMENT GUI
Ch
TIONS AN
vement guidantify who is ressses certain ce movement
ffic Services
Management
ome Authority
d Vehicle Driv
y details the dhasizes the neund vehicle
mmonly overloall personnel rred and practystems is cov
NSIBILITIE
RVICES:
f radiotelephomary methods and rescuet is important standard many aerodrome
MGC systemsF communicat
aircraft and vdance of an ing their oper
of taxi clearanll be responswill expedite . In good visilephony. In r
ced means nnvolved in gui
mination of taxdetermine jo
hould be to
DANCE AND
hapter 3
ND RESPO
nce and contsponsible forimportant fu
t guidance an
Service
y
vers.
ivision of respeed to avoid control, mon
ooked in manyresponsible foticed in the pvered in this c
ES AND TH
ony procedurd of commune and fire figh
that radiotelenner with regas the work-los should be dtion.
vehicles operATS unit it i
ration be emp
nce to facilitasible for the the traffic floibility, sequenreduced visibneed to be pidance and co
xi routes to beointly the routi
achieve the
D CONTROL
ONSIBILI
trol (SMGC) sr what and whunctions andd control, nam
ponsibilities, pover control.
nitoring and m
y systems is tor implementierformance o
chapter.
HEIR TRAN
es and phrasnication betwhting vehiclesephony (RTF
ard to phraseooad on the cdesigned with
rate outside ts preferable
ployed.
ate SMGC. Trelease of dw, and for thncing can be bility or whereprovided sincontrol.
e followed. Aings to be tak
e most expe
SYSTEMS (S
ITIES
system, as inhen, why and responsibilitmely:
provides a brIn addition, smaintenance
training. For aing part or allof assigned d
SFER
seology. Radween ATS ans operating o
F) communicaology, procedcontroller canh a view to m
he manoeuvrthat detailed
he appropriadeparting airche expeditious
done by visue traffic densce ATC beco
ATS and the aken by aircrafditious and
SMGCS) PAK
n any other sd how. Accorties of those
rief outline of some function
of visual aid
an SMGC sys of the systemuties. Trainin
diotelephony nd aircraft, son the manoeations be condures and lang be extremel
minimizing the
ring area butwritten proce
te air traffic scraft in a seqs routing of aual observatiosity warrantsomes progre
aerodrome auft and vehicleorderly traffi
KISTAN
ystem, rdingly, e most
control s such ds are
stem to m must ng as it
will be surface euvring ducted guage. ly high e need
t under edures
service quence arriving on and , more ssively
uthority es. The c flow
3
SU
3.2.1.5
3.2.1.6
3.2.1.7
3.2.1.8
3.2.1.9
.2.2 APRO
3.2.2.1
RFACE MOV
possiblbe follo
5 MonitorSMGC be awaas soonlance omonitor
6 Controlprinciparespondiscretinecessexercis(see 5responreceiveimportaunit be
7 Operatcontrol control designathe appi.e. aprand paaerodro
8 Divisiona joint resolutiresponATS un
9 Initiatioresponlow vismeteorvisibilitythereforequireWhen place ainitiatio
ON MANAGEM
1 At somresponbe an aof aircmovemapplicamanag
VEMENT GUI
e. ATC will aowed and will,
ring of SMGCsystem, the
are of the neen as is practicof lights, takring of electric
l of traffic oal task of ansible for contion of the ai
sary. The amsed by the ae.2 and 5.3). ding to an
e priority andant that the aempowered
ion of visual service will bsystem, inc
ators. That unpropriate timeon taxiway cearking and dome to determ
n of responsibpilot/ATS resion of interssibility for thenit.
on and termsibility of the
sibility operatrological officy procedures
ore be startes other actiothe visibility at the discre
on and termina
MENT SERV
me aerodromsibility of the apron managecraft on the ments on the aable to the mement service
DANCE AND
dvise the pilo, where neces
C system aidsappropriate A
ed to monitor cable. This mking into acccal and electr
ther than airn air traffic cotrolling vehiclir traffic cont
mount of conterodrome con
With the exemergency,
d are not hinaerodrome auto carry out th
guidance anbe responsibl
cluding stop nit will also nee. With regarentre line lighdocking guidamine which bo
bility betweensponsibility wsection confle avoidance
mination of air traffic con
tions. To assce so that as. These preed in time toons such as timproves, th
etion of the aation of low v
ICE:
mes, manageair traffic co
ement serviceapron. All rapron should
manoeuvring e and ATS un
D CONTROL
ot or vehicle dssary, resolve
s. As the bodATS unit and the system a
monitoring macount reportsronic compon
rcraft on theontroller is thes. When vistroller to resttrol over the
ntrol service wxception of re
the controllendered by thuthority and this task effect
nd control aile for operatinbars, taxiwayeed to ensurerd to lighting ts, aircraft staance systemody will be res
n controller anwith the contrlicts. In the of collision b
low visibilityntrol unit to insist in this, advance prepparations mao complete the applicatioe cancellatioair traffic coisibility opera
ement of traontrol unit. At e responsiblerules and red be consisten
area and clnit is essentia
SYSTEMS (S
driver as to the conflicts at i
ies responsib the aerodromand to have aay take the fos from pilotsnents of the sy
e manoeuvrinhe control of sibility reducetrict moveme
e movement will increase aescue and fiers should ehe movementhe appropriatively.
ds. The appng the visual y centre linee that the lighsystems inst
and manoeuvms, it will be
sponsible for
nd pilot. Prevroller always
lower visibbecomes incre
y proceduresnitiate procedadvice will beparations canay take somethem before
on of greater n of these pntrol unit. (S
ations).
affic on the these aerodr
e for ensuring egulations apnt with the ruose liaison b
al.
SMGCS) PAK
e particular rointersections.
ble for operatme authority any failures rerm of visual s
s, and of eleystem.
ng area. Whaircraft, he
es, it shall be ents of vehicof ground veas visibility rere fighting ve
ensure that ant of vehiclesate air traffic
ropriate aerocomponents
lights and rts are illuminatalled on the vring guidance
essential attheir operatio
ention of colliresponsible f
bilities, the oeasingly that
s. It will bdures appropre needed fro
n be made fe time, and
e reducing vaircraft sepa
procedures wSee 5.3 conc
apron is nromes there the safe mov
pplicable to aules and regubetween the
KISTAN
oute to
ing the should ectified surveil-ectrical
ile the is also at the
cles as ehicles educes ehicles aircraft s. It is control
odrome s of the routing ated at apron,
e lights t each on.
ision is for the
over-all of the
be the riate to om the for low should
visibility aration. ill take cerning
ot the should
vement aircraft
ulations apron
3
3
3
3
SU
.2.3 PILOT3.2.3.1
.2.4 AERO
3.2.4.1
3.2.4.2
3.2.4.3
3.2.4.4
3.2.4.5
.2.5 GROU
3.2.5.1
.2.6 AVOID
3.2.6.1
3.2.6.2
RFACE MOV
TS: 1 The pil
serviceThe pil4.3.
ODROME AUT
1 Movemconducareas repair. initiatiopreventsystem
2 GroundregulatThe aeproperlvisibilitygroundproced
3 Servicifor ensservicecompon
4 DesignATS, ttaxiwaytypes oand proimportaconditio
5 Low visof the numbeduring
UND VEHICLE
1 Driversinstructcare anand bet
DANCE OF O
1 The suof cont
2 It is imimpaireand cospecificdo not safety oremove
VEMENT GUI
lot will respoe and the air tot's responsib
THORITY:
ment area inscting frequentintended for It is particula
on of low visibt such an ins
m aids.)
d staff. The aion and cont
erodrome authy trained pay operations, staff on theures for low v
ng of SMGC suring that a
eable. This wnents.
ation of taxi the aerodromys and for thof operations omulgation oant for intenons.
sibility movemaerodrome ar of persons aperiods of low
E DRIVERS:
s of ground vetions. Notwithnd attention stween their ve
OVERCONTR
rface movemrol which is a
mportant to eed by the impontrollers. Pilc responsibilit
allow this, aof ground moed promptly a
DANCE AND
ond to the intraffic control bilities with re
pections. Thet inspectionsaircraft mov
arly importantbility proceduspection. (Se
aerodrome autrol, respectivhority will be articularly in
it will be parte movement visibility opera
aids. The aerall visual co
will require fre
ways and sme authority e establishmexpected to t
of standard ronded operati
ment area proauthority or oand vehicles w visibility is k
ehicles must hstanding thiso as to avoidehicles and o
ROL:
ment guidancedequate to m
ensure that tposition of unots and contties when ciradditional resovement. It is as conditions i
D CONTROL
nstructions givunit and follo
espect to colli
e aerodrome s of the movvement are kt that an insp
ures as thesee 3.7 for disc
uthority and vely, of grounresponsible fRTF and moticularly impoarea to a m
ations.)
rodrome authomponents ofequent phys
standard taxi will be respent of standatake place at outes for taxons at busy
otection measother competeauthorized to
kept to a mini
comply with s, drivers are collisions be
other vehicles
e and control meet the needs
the efficiencynnecessary cotrollers shoulrcumstances straints are p
particularly imimprove.
SYSTEMS (S
ven by the aow the designision avoidan
authority willvement area kept unobstrupection be coe procedures cussion on m
ATS will be nd staff on thfor ensuring thonitored in it
ortant to restriminimum. (See
ority will normf the SMGCical inspectio
routes. In cponsible for ard taxi routethe aerodrom
xiing aircraft by aerodrome
sures. It will bent authority o operate on mum.
aerodrome ree responsibletween their v.
system shous of pilots and
y of the oveontrols and rld be alloweso permit. W
progressively mportant that
SMGCS) PAK
apron managnated taxiwayce are discus
l be responsito ensure thucted and in
ompleted befowill, in thems
monitoring of
responsible fhe movementhat ground stts use. Durinict the moveme 5.3 for det
mally be respoC system areons of these
onjunction wthe designat
es applicable me. The desigbecome parties in low v
be the responto ensure th
the movemen
egulations ane for exercisinehicles and a
ld provide a dd controllers.
er-all system estrictions ond to exercise
When circumsrequired to e
t these restra
KISTAN
gement y route. ssed in
ible for hat the n good ore the selves, SMGC
for the t area. taff are ng low ment of tails of
onsible e kept visual
with the tion of to the
gnation icularly
visibility
nsibility hat the nt area
nd ATC ng due aircraft,
degree
is not n pilots e their
stances ensure ints be
3
3
SU
3.2.6.3
3.2.6.4
3.2.6.5
3.2.6.6
3.2.6.7
3.2.6.8
.2.7 GROU
3.2.7.1
.2.8 At an ausing aerodr
RFACE MOV
3 With coneed, exercispermit
4 Major cshould
3.2.6.4
3.2.6.4
3.2.6.4
3.2.6.4
3.2.6.4
5 All airccontrollradio cControlradio co
6 Controlvisibilitycommoextent, will also
7 In ordeefficienthe vissurveill
8 The prprocedand theform oprocedoperatiATC wo
UND MOVEM
1 The comain ca
3.2.7.1
3.2.7.1
3.2.7.1
aerodrome wone RTF ch
rome control s
VEMENT GUI
ontemporary Sin certain cir
se high levelsa higher degr
considerationbe to:
.1 avoid traircraft a
.2 ensure tor sensi
.3 ensure or taking
.4 facilitate
.5 maintain
craft and othled aerodromcommunicatiol may includeommunication
l of ground my should be bon for operati
procedures ao satisfy the r
er for groundncy and safetsual informaance and gui
rimary meansural, using re pilot or vehof lights, suures may beons must be ork-load can
ENT COMMU
ommunicationategories:
.1 control departu
.2 control and
.3 acquisitinformat
with light trafficannel for all service may b
DANCE AND
SMGC systemrcumstances s of control. Free of control
ns of ground
raffic conflictand a ground
that aircraft oitive areas at
that the runwg off;
e taxiing to an
n the maximu
her vehicles me must be suons, or as oe accompanimn with aerodro
movement ofbased on maxons in good and aids whicrequirements
d movement ty in low visibation normalldance inform
s of control radio voice chicle operatorrface markine adequate fconducted wibe minimized
UNICATIONS
n aspects of
of air traffic ire phases of
of taxiing air
ion and ption and othe
c one controlpurposes. A
be shared bet
D CONTROL
ms the traffic such as dur
Future advanwithout adve
movement co
s between tad vehicle;
or ground vehan improper
way in use is
nd from the ru
um safe capac
operated oubject to aerootherwise autment by an apome control.
f aircraft andximum use ofvisibility. It hch facilitate mfor low visibil
of aircraft ability, aids muly available
mation.
over groundcommunicatior, supplemenngs and sigfor ground mith extra cauti
d by the provis
S:
an aerodrom
n the circuit aflight;
rcraft and veh
passing of r flight data.
ler may be reAt a large aetween a num
SYSTEMS (S
capacity mayring low visib
nces in automerse effect on
ontrol in low
axiing aircraf
hicles do not etime;
clear when a
unway; and
city of the airp
n the manoodrome controthorized by ppropriate es
vehicles duf procedures as been foun
movement onlity operations
and vehicles ust be provid
to pilots a
d traffic in loons between nted by visuans. Although
movement in ion. As traffic sion of additio
me control se
and in the app
hicles on the
airways c
esponsible forerodrome withber of control
SMGCS) PAK
y be reduced bility operatio
mated systemcapacity.
visibility ope
ft and betwe
enter the ILS
an aircraft is l
port.
euvring areaol, and controprior arrangecort who is in
ring periods and aids whi
nd that, to a n a busy aeros, and vice ve
to take placded to substitand controlle
ow visibility caerodrome
al information h visual aidlow visibilitydemand incr
onal aids.
rvice fall into
proach, landin
e manoeuvring
clearances, w
r all of these h heavy traffllers and assi
KISTAN
by the ons, to
ms may
rations
een an
critical
anding
a of a olled by ement. n direct
of low ich are certain
odrome ersa.
ce with tute for ers for
can be control in the
s and y, such reases,
o three
ng and
g area;
weather
duties, fic, the stants.
3.3 E
3
3
SU
The indeman
3.2.8.1
3.2.8.2
3.2.8.3
3.2.8.4
3.2.8.5
ESTABLISH
.3.1 On anin whic
3.3.1.1
3.3.1.2
3.3.1.3
.3.2 Whereboth gminimuthese greatlyhigher
RFACE MOV
ncrease in trands the use o
1 In a decontrol loadingwork-lolayout the maRTF loa
2 A typica) on obecomechanneadditionrevert periods
3 It is ccommusuch aensureaeronathe gro
4 A sparhighly dand de
5 At manemergean emecapableaircraft aware personfrequenradiotea commexist, crelayed
HMENT OF
aerodrome tch the major t
1 runway
2 aprons
3 mainten
e possible, stagood and badum conflict wlocations. On
y extending tr temperatures
VEMENT GUI
affic demand f separate ch
eveloping aepositions ne
g, or the decisoad generatedor the need t
anoeuvring arading, each p
al usage of twone frequencye divided wh
el is required.nal frequencyto a more l
s.
customary founication betws contractorsd that whenutical frequen
ound moveme
re frequency desirable faclay.
ny aerodromeency servicesergency, or ine of being mwhere it is of the pilot'
nel on the emncy to be olephony equimon languagcommunicatiod by ATC.
F STANDAR
the movementraffic flows a
ys and aprons
and mainten
nance areas
andard taxi rod visibility (se
with the routesne-way systeaxiing distans for brakes a
DANCE AND
may also cahannels.
rodrome or teed to be introsion may be d by the partto provide a rea. Whether position shoul
wo RTF chany and 3.4.1 bhen work-loa. In some insy or frequenciimited comm
or non-aeronween grounds, customs, pn operating ncy does not ent control freq
for use if a ility which ca
es provision is vehicles andn any emerge
manoeuvered.important for 's intentions mergency vehof value it pment in thes
ge. For situaon between t
RD TAXI R
nt of taxiing are between:
s
ance areas
and runways
outes which aee Chapter 5 s of other aircms should beces as, amoand tires.
D CONTROL
arry an incre
traffic situatiooduced may prompted byicular mix of control positior not the d
d have its ow
nnels is to hav) and c) on th
ad develops tances it mayes, during the
munication ch
nautical radiod vehicles anpolice, airline
on the movpreclude maiquency.
normal chanan, on occasio
is made for ad an aircraft wency when th This is of pthe crews oso that risk
hicles may beis obviously se circumstations where he pilot and
ROUTES FO
aircraft genera
.
re direct, simfor low visib
craft or vehicle introduced ng other thin
SYSTEMS (S
ease in total
on the point hinge solely
y other factorstraffic, compon which offe
duplication of wn discrete fre
ve the servicehe other; b) ato the point
y become nee busy hours hannel usage
o frequenciesnd various aecompanies,
vement areaintenance of a
nnel is jammon, save a g
a discrete RTwhich has lanhe aircraft is particular signof the emergek to aircraft e minimized.
necessary nces be ablea common the fire serv
OR AIRCRA
ally falls into
ple and capability operationles should bewhere this ca
ngs, long taxi
SMGCS) PAK
RTF loading
at which addupon RTF c
s such as conlexity of aeroers a better vpositions is
equency.
e described inand c) subseqt at which acessary to opof the day an
e in the less
s to be useerodrome agetc., but it m use of thea listening wa
med/overloadereat deal of t
TF contact bended after deon the groun
nificance withency vehicles
occupants aFor such a dthat the us
e to communiclanguage do
vice will have
AFT
a distinctive p
ble of being uns) and whice arranged bean be done wdistances re
KISTAN
which
ditional hannel ntroller
odrome view of due to
n 3.4.1 quently another pen an nd then s busy
ed for gencies must be e non-atch on
ed is a trouble
etween claring nd and h large s to be and to iscrete ers of cate in es not
e to be
pattern
used in h offer etween without esult in
3
3
3
3
3.4 C
3
3
3
SU
.3.3 Care sto use
3.3.3.1
3.3.3.2
3.3.3.3
3.3.3.4
3.3.3.5
.3.4 Routesmust arunwayapron.
.3.5 For aepublishchartsshoulddepartthe apaerodr
.3.6 An estthat it reduce
CONTROL O
.4.1 The sdemanAerodrvehiclehazard4 stresaircrafthe mo
.4.2 The Aeliminaaccessprovidmay ceffort sthe funend otravelin
.4.3 On andriverssafety for useof a costand and frlines.
RFACE MOV
should be takthem, and th
1 interfer
2 penetraobstacl
3 obstruc
4 physicaoff from
5 jet blas
s will vary acallow for an oy change, an
erodromes whhed in the ap. Routes shou
d be distinctiture routes. Wpron managerome chart or
tablished staincreases sa
ed visibility an
OF GROUN
servicing andnds the presrome Standaes on the mods to them or sses the impoft and vehiculovement area
Aerodrome Deate, or lesses to the move access to
connect one should be manction of navf a runway, ng on it do no
n apron, interas is necessarlines should
e by ground vonspicuous cmarkings. Ve
rom aircraft s
VEMENT GUI
ken to ensurehat aircraft usi
rence with nav
ation of the oble limitation s
ction of radar
al obstructionm an intermed
st.
ccording to thorderly transitid also the air
here standardpropriate aerould normally bvely different
Where a routement service
r ground move
ndard taxi roafety, expedind decreases
ND VEHICL
d maintenancsence of vehrd Manual Paovement areato aircraft. Th
ortance of plaar traffic, with
a for traffic con
esign Manuan, the use ovement area.navigation aiterminal withade to avoid igation aids. stopway or
ot become ob
action betweery if safe and be provided vehicles and
colour and shehicle crossinstand to aircr
DANCE AND
e that the routing them do n
vigation aids;
bstacle free zurfaces;
transmission
n (e.g. inadeqdiate point); o
he runways iion from one rcraft which, a
d taxi routes aonautical infobe identified bt from those
e includes taxe, the transitiement chart.
oute system otes movemethe RTF wor
LES
ce of aircrafthicles on theakistan (ASMa shall be cohe Aerodrome
anning aerodroh airside roadngestion can
al, Part 2, alof runways an. For examplds, or from o
h another for airside roadsIf it is necessclearway, thstacles to airc
en aircraft anefficient use on a paved aother aircraft
hould contrastngs from termraft stand, sh
D CONTROL
tes are adequnot offer probl
zone and, whe
s;
uate clearancr
n use for lanoperational m
after taxiing fo
are provided, ormation publiby designator of the runw
xiing betweenon points sh
offers advantnt, provides rk-load.
t and of aee movement P) require tha
ontrolled or ree Design Manome facilities
d systems so be by-passed
so points ound taxiways le, aerodromone service a
airline vehics crossing runsary for an a
he road shoucraft operatio
nd vehicles isis to be mad
apron to defint servicing eqt with apron
minal area or ahould be deli
SYSTEMS (S
uate for the lalems of:
ere possible,
ce from aircra
nding and takmode to anothor take-off, ne
details of sucication and shrs. The designways, taxi wa areas under
hould be indic
tages over a for more con
rodrome instarea. ANO-0
at the movemegulated as nual (Doc 915 for the maximdesigned thad.
ut the value by ground vee perimeter
area to anothcles, baggagenways and taaccess road tould be so locons.
s unavoidablede of the avane the limits oquipment. Themarkings for airside road tneated by co
SMGCS) PAK
argest aircraf
penetration o
aft holding fo
ke-off. A routher, e.g. folloeeds to return
ch routes shohown on aeronators of taxi ays and instrr control of ATcated on eith
random systnfident opera
tallations ine002-DRAN-1.
ment of personecessary to57), Part 2, Cmum segregaat critical sect
of airside roehicles whichservice road
her. An airside trains, etc. xiways, or afo cross beyocated that ve
e, and guidanailable space. of areas estabese lines shoaircraft, i.e. a
to an aircraft onspicuous p
KISTAN
ft likely
of other
or take-
te plan owing a n to the
ould be odrome
routes rument TS and her the
tem, in ation in
evitably .0 and ns and
o avoid Chapter ation of ions of
ads to h need ds may e road Every
ffecting ond the ehicles
nce for Apron
blished ould be aircraft stand,
painted
3
3
3
3
3.5 M
3
3
SU
.4.4 Airside
3.4.4.1
3.4.4.2
3.4.4.3
3.4.4.4
3.4.4.5
.4.5 The mvehicleof pernecess
.4.6 Whereof a teoutsidestipulaarea).
.4.7 DetaileRTF, ensure
MONITORIN
.5.1 LIGHT
3.5.1.1
3.5.1.2
3.5.1.3
.5.2 It is immonitoof the mimic individsupplyoutage
RFACE MOV
e route system
1 roads w
2 roads wfrom op
3 routes w
4 apron r
5 vehicle
manoeuvring es from air sirsons on foosary.
e constructionemporarily cloe the area s
ates the requi
ed written proshould be dee safety while
NG
TING AIDS;
1 SurfaceoperatiATC shthe lighshow odifficultlights; tthe con
2 Ideally considebe inopinoperasysteminspectof the t
3 In condpossibl
3.5.1.3
3.5.1.3
mportant that ors of surfacelighting selecmay indicateual light failu
y and circuit e without sho
VEMENT GUI
ms for vehicle
which are com
which cross tperational airc
which cross o
routes; and
movement a
area shouldde road, e.g.
ot should not
n or other actosed area shohould complyrements for p
ocedures pareveloped for
e maintaining
e movement ons in reducehould be awahting control on the aerodrot to see wheththe problems ntroller.
all lights shered that not perative, and ative. Becaus
ms, an electrition should beaxiway lightin
ditions when e, monitoring
.1 observapanel; a
.2 checkin
lighting displae lighting. Mancted and do ne whether a pures which cstate indicatwing the spe
DANCE AND
e movement f
mpletely segre
taxiways in mcraft moveme
operational ru
along operatio
d be protecte by signs or tt be allowed
tivity calls forould be markey with normapromulgating
rticularly for alow visibility
capacity.
guidance aned visibility aare of any dispanel in the
ome surface. her the switcharise in redu
ould be opemore than 20two consecu
se of the nocal monitorine carried out ng system.
direct visual g is usually ca
ation of "mimand
g of power
ay panels areny lighting conot indicate wparticular groould be signtions can procific nature o
D CONTROL
fall into five br
egated from a
maintenance aent;
unways, stopw
onal taxiways
ed from inadtraffic lights oon runways
r localized freed as describal aerodrome information o
apron activitiey operations
nd control reland at night, ascrepancies b control toweNormally in g
hes operated uced visibility
rative but as0 per cent of utive taxiway ormally high ng system mwith sufficien
appraisal of arried out by:
ic" or "tell-ta
r supply an
e so engineeontrol panels whether the lioup of lights iificant for mo
ovide informaf the failures.
SYSTEMS (S
road categorie
aircraft movem
areas but wh
ways, clearwa
and runways
dvertent entron access roas or taxiways
ee moving traed in ASMP, regulations.
on the conditio
es based on mby the appro
ies heavily uand it is of vbetween the er and the liggood conditiobring on the when the ligh
s a guide fortaxiway centcentre line lreliability of
may not be rnt frequency t
aerodrome s
le" lights on
d circuit sta
red that they provide a tellights are actuis on or not, ovement in lo
ation on the . Problems ca
SMGCS) PAK
es:
ments;
hich are segre
ays or taxiway
s.
ry by personads. The movs unless abs
affic, the bounand any mov(ASMP, Cha
on of the mov
methods otheopriate autho
upon lights fovital importanclighting selecghts which a
ons at night, itappropriate s
hts are not vis
r maintenancre line lights ights should aerodrome l
required, but to ensure ade
surface lights
the lighting
ate indicators
constitute ef-tale indicatioually lit. A feebut may not ow visibility. percentage o
an arise from
KISTAN
egated
ys;
ns and vement solutely
ndaries vement apter 2 vement
er than ority to
or safe ce that cted on actually t is not surface sible to
ce it is should not be ighting visual
equacy
s is not
control
s.
ffective on only edback reflect Power
of light failure
3
3
3.6 A
3
SU
of lamgroundcontroaffect s
3.5.2.1
.5.3 Differeis acco
3.5.3.1
3.5.3.2
.5.4 NON-V
3.5.4.1
AERODROM
.6.1 FREQ
3.6.1.1
RFACE MOV
mps to extingud movement ller is quicklysafety or caus
1 InformaSysteminstalleSample
3.5.2.1
3.5.2.1
3.5.2.1
ent blinking frompanied by
1 The exdependelemena largeand mopanel igineer'sinforma
2 To enssupply 8 for second
VISUAL AIDS
1 With thupon thaerodromalfunc
ME SURFA
QUENCY OF I
1 Inspecton inspIt recom
3.6.1.1
VEMENT GUI
uish, as wellin low visibi
y aware, and se taxiing diff
ation is availams, concernin
d to verify inse monitor sign
.1 installat
.2 installat
.3 installat
requencies caa sound alarm
xtent and detad upon the ntary layout fue aerodrome, onitoring mighn the controls panel wouation would be
sure the integshould be obspecification
dary power su
S;
he introductiohe correct funome lighting,ction.
ACE INSPE
NSPECTION
tions of the mpections is prmmends that
.1 Runway
3.6.1.1.
3.6.1.1.
3.6.1.1.
DANCE AND
as from faillity demandscontinuously
ficulties in the
able in the Ag the type of stantly that alnals to indicat
ion out of ord
ion in order: t
ion faulty whe
an indicate dim.
ail of monitorsize and c
ull system mowell equippe
ht need to be tower woulduld indicate e immediately
grity of monitobtained from as regarding
upply.)
on of non-visnctioning of t, a monitor
ECTIONS
N;
movement areovided in thethe minimum
ys — Four ins
1.1 Dawcoveundeminu
1.2 Mornaircrconcedge
1.3 Afterinspe
D CONTROL
ure to light, s a monitorin
reminded, ofe area for whic
Aerodrome Deelectrical mo
ll lighting equte the operati
der: tell-tale lig
tell-tale light o
en switched o
fferent degre
ing that can bcomplexity ofonitoring mighed for low visconcentrated
d indicate a fathe precise
y relayed to th
oring systemsa separate so
the applica
ual aids to Sthe non-visuasystem mus
ea should be e Airport Serv frequency sh
spections dail
wn inspection ering the full ertaken. Thisutes for each
ning inspectraft movecentrating one lights.
rnoon inspecection.
SYSTEMS (S
on selection.ng system sof any lighting ch he has res
esign Manuaonitoring systeipment is in gonal status of
ght off;
on and steady
on: tell-tale lig
ees of fault an
be done in thf the lightinght be acceptaibility operatio
d in a technicaault, the mor
nature of he appropriat
s it is desirabource. (See aation and ch
SMGC the deal aids will best be provide
regular and vices Manual hould be:
y as describe
— A detailedwidth of all
s should takerunway (two
ion — All ements w the area be
ction — Sam
SMGCS) PAK
. Safe and eo designed th
failure whichsponsibility.
al, Part 5, Eleem which shogood workingf an installatio
y; and
ght blinking.
nd a failure w
he control towg system. Fable in the towons, lighting al control roomre sophisticatthe fault an
te ATS unit.
ble that their also ASMP, Characteristics
ependence oe such that, aed to indicat
frequent. Gu(Doc 9137),
ed below:
d surface insprunways shoe approximatruns).
runways, bewhen neceetween the r
me as the m
KISTAN
efficient hat the h could
ectrical ould be order. on are:
warning
wer will For an wer. At control m. The ted en-nd this
power Chapter
of a
of ATC as with te any
idance Part 8.
pection ould be tely 15
etween essary, runway
morning
3.7 M
3
SU
MAINTENA
.7.1 MAINT
3.7.1.1
3.7.1.2
3.7.1.3
3.7.1.4
3.7.1.5
3.7.1.6
RFACE MOV
3.6.1.1
3.6.1.1
3.6.1.1
NCE
TENANCE - G
1 The valisted inservicinGuidanASMP,
2 The intand noensure markingconditiolightingaerodrowill deppreventdesirabdependdesigne
3 Speciaspecialvisibilityserviceconsecside of
4 Where low vistaxiwaycentre
5 Speciareturneclearan
6 Routinecombinpersonelectricchecksqualifie
VEMENT GUI
3.6.1.1.
.2 Taxiway
.3 Aprons
.4 Grass aaircraft areas. Oto obser
GENERAL;
arious visual an Table 2-2. Ang and maintence on the pr Chapter 9, a
egrity and relon-visual navig
that those cogs, taxi-holdons of visibilit
g componentome circuits apend upon thtive mainten
ble, their presd upon their sed to provide
l checks. Wh inspections y operations
eability is sufcutive taxiway
the taxiway c
high intensitysibility operatiy centre line line and apro
l inspections ed to operationce or other re
e maintenanned with routinnel carrying
cians, maintes. If the insped in mainten
DANCE AND
1.4 DuskIt isinsperequcove
ys — Daily fo
— Daily.
areas — Thoshould be ins
Other grass arve any deter
aids of the SAll these comenance in comreventive maiand in the Airp
liability of the gation aids.omponents oing position ty for which tts will depenand the externhe degree of nance emplosence within spacing and guidance.
ere visual aidshould be ca
s are initiatefficient to proy centre line licentre line ha
y taxiway cenons, particulaand stop ba
on markings.
should be conal use if easons.
ce. The extene inspection
out routine enance as npection is caance, close l
D CONTROL
k inspection —s designed tections when
uired until later the whole r
r those in nor
ose areas thspected as fr
areas should brioration of the
SMGC systemmponents reqummon with otintenance of port Services
SMGC syste Routine r
of the system markings an
they are intennd both uponal power supinspection ca
oyed. While the visual guthe visibility l
ds are providearried out wh
ed. These inovide continuights or moreve failed.
ntre line and ar attention sar lights, and
carried out bit had been
ent to which will depend u
inspection necessary sharried out by iaison will be
SYSTEMS (S
— This shouldto bridge thn the lightingte in the evunway surfac
rmal regular u
hat may be requently as be inspected e surface.
m comprising uire routine inther elementslighting systeManual, Part
em should mare-painting pcomprising r
nd signs arended. The inton the desigpply. The reliaarried out and
unserviceabuidance and limits within w
ed for operatihenever possnspections suous guidance than one sto
stop bar lighshould be pad to the con
before a sectclosed for m
h routine maupon local arrand light cl
hould be incoperational
e necessary w
SMGCS) PAK
d cover all runhe gap in rg inspection vening, and ce.
use.
required to sthe adjacent at intervals s
route guidannspection, cles of aviation liems is contait 9.
atch the otherprogrammes runway and tae adequate fegrity of the gn of the inability of the sd the programble lights ar
control systewhich the sys
ions in low visible before tshould ensurce and that nop bar light o
hting is providid to cleanlin
nspicuity of ta
ion of a taximaintenance,
aintenance crangements. leaning are
cluded in thestaff who a
with the appro
KISTAN
nways. runway is not should
sustain paved uitable
nce are eaning, ghting. ined in
r visual should axiway for the SMGC nternal system mme of re un-em will stem is
sibility, he low re that no two n each
ded for ness of axiway
way is snow
can be Where skilled
e daily are not opriate
3
3.8 T
3
3
3
SU
3.7.1.7
.7.2 SPEC
3.7.2.1
3.7.2.2
3.7.2.3
TRAINING
.8.1 The traresponmovemthe approficie
.8.2 Initial newco
3.8.2.1
3.8.2.2
3.8.2.3
3.8.2.4
3.8.2.5
3.8.2.6
3.8.2.7
3.8.2.8
.8.3 Recurroperatlimited
RFACE MOV
aerodronecess
7 Daily mdifficultout at should faults, complemaintenduring
IAL FAULT R
1 In addcomplewhen foperatisystemvisibiliti
2 Speciahave oholdingmandat
3 When considewithoutrestricteneed tothe mafrom ot
aining requirensibility of thement area or ppropriate autency training.
training is omers to a spe
1 RTF pr
2 aerodro
3 aerodro
4 aerodro
5 aerodro
6 aerodro
7 aircraft
8 vehicle
rent or proficitions, this trad due to one o
VEMENT GUI
ome maintenasary.
maintenance at to arrange anight, i.e. whbe preparedas revealed
ex taxiway snance team periods when
RECTIFICATI
ition to the ex aerodromefailures occuonal requirem
m has been pries.
l fault rectificoccurred withig position lightory instructio
a fault occurer whether tht immediate ed while the fo be rectified
anoeuvring arther traffic.
ements of licee State but thinvolved in t
thority. Traini.
provided by ecific unit. It n
rocedures
ome layout
ome procedu
ome emergen
ome low visib
ome special p
recognition
operating pro
ency trainingining may be
or both of the
DANCE AND
ance personn
at busy aerodnd work withihen the traffi
d for replacemby the daily
system, it maoperating on
n the traffic vo
ION;
routine maines to have peur which affement. This wrovided and o
cation will be in the taxiwats have failed
on signs, e.g.
rs during lowhe system can
fault rectificfault is being , then a grouea and must
ensed personhe training of he provision ing falls into
the appropnormally cove
res
ncy procedure
bility procedur
procedures
ocedures.
should not be critical sincefollowing:
D CONTROL
nel to ensure
dromes with hin the movemic volume is ment of failedy checks. Atay be neces fault rectifica
olume is low.
ntenance, it wrsonnel availaect the abilit
will be essentoperations ar
necessary wy centre line
d or where lamSTOP, CAT
w visibility open continue tocation or whrectified. Wh
und vehicle obe provided
nel, e.g. air trother personof the SMGCtwo main ca
riate authoriters but is not
es
res
be overlookede the exposu
SYSTEMS (S
that follow-u
igh sustainedment area may
generally lowd lamps or ret aerodromesssary to havation within t
will be neceable for specty of the sytial where a re being carr
where conseclights or sto
mp failure hasII, etc.
erations, it wo give safe guhether opera
hen it is decidr vehicles munecessary se
raffic controllenel authorize
C system, is tategories: initi
ty to all nelimited to:
d. When dealire to low vis
SMGCS) PAK
p action is ta
d movement ry have to be cw. Work schectification of s with a largve more thathe movemen
ssary at buscial fault rectifystem to me
centralized ied out in res
cutive lamp fop bars, whers occurred af
will be necessuidance and ations have ed that a fauust be permiteparation/pro
ers and pilotsed to operate the responsibial and recur
ew employee
ng with low vibility procedu
KISTAN
ken as
rates is carried edules circuit
ge and an one nt area
sy and fication eet the control stricted
failures re taxi-ffecting
sary to control to be
lt does tted on
otection
, is the on the
bility of rent or
es and
visibility ures is
3
SU
3.8.3.1
3.8.3.2
.8.4 It is sutraininmembmisapp
RFACE MOV
1 the infr
2 individu
uggested that g can take der. It should plication of an
VEMENT GUI
equent occur
ual shift rotati
appropriate rdifferent formbe designed
n aerodrome
DANCE AND
rrence and sh
on or extende
recurrent trainms dependingd keeping in procedure.
D CONTROL
hort duration o
ed absence fr
ning be giveng on the degmind the saf
SYSTEMS (S
of low visibility
rom duty for w
n at least evergree of involvfety of aircra
SMGCS) PAK
y conditions;
whatever reas
ry six monthsvement of thft and the ef
KISTAN
and
son.
s. Such e staff ffect of
4.1 IN
4
4
4
4.2 T
4
4
4
SU
NTRODUC
.1.1 The baANO-0(ASMPand vesafety
.1.2 Nevertsuffer develomainta
.1.3 SurfacclearamanoeallocatThe reheavilycontro
TRAFFIC FL
.2.1 GENE4.1.1.1
.2.2 CLEA
4.2.2.1
.2.3 A metprocedcontroOn re
RFACE MOV
TION
asis for all op003-DRAN-1.P). These docehicles on theof operation
theless, as trbecause of
opment of moain capacity.
ce movementnces and aeuvring area te, for exampesult is a vey on a sharillers for collis
LOW
ERAL; 1 Excep
vary tsourceis thebetwedelaysthe caclearastrategseque
RANCE WITH
1 When psuch as
4.2.2.1
4.2.2.1
there athe aprthe prowhich a
thod of dealindure with aircl centre on thceipt of the
VEMENT GUI
Ch
PRO
perations on 1, ANO-004-cuments prese manoeuvrinon the manoe
raffic demandf the prevaiore positive s
t control reqauthorization (PANS-RAC)ple, taxiing roery practical ng of respon
sion avoidanc
pt for the resothe flow of aes, e.g. depar
e surface moen the runwa
s or prioritiesase of departances to stargy; and, seco
ence aircraft w
HHOLDING (
planned depas:
.1 en-route
.2 weather
re advantageron. This techobability of theare not subjec
ng with 4.2.2craft about to he length of d"request eng
DANCE AND
hapter 4
CEDURE
the manoeuv-DRAN-1.0 ascribe rules ag area whicheuvring area.
d on an aerodiling rules. Wsurface move
uires aircraftrespectively
), and this, in outes and pri
system of snsibilities bete.
olution of taxiwair traffic on rture or en-ro
ovement contay and the p. This task cting aircraft, rt engines, pondly, air traffwhich have al
(GATE HOLD
artures may b
e or terminal c
r conditions b
es in delaying nique saves f
e restricted aict to delay.
2 a) is for thedepart, and t
delay applicabgine start" tra
D CONTROL
ES
vring area of and Aerodromnd requireme, if meticulous
drome increasWith increasement guidan
t and vehicley as prereq
turn, gives aorities to ens
surface movetween pilots,
way conflicts, the manoeu
ute flight limittrol system w
parking standcan be accom
air traffic conpush back ofic control maready been g
DING PROCE
be subject to
clearance lim
below pilot's o
engine start-fuel and engircraft blocking
e ATS to opto maintain a ble on the rouansmission th
SYSTEMS (S
f an aerodromme Standard ents for the opsly observed,
ses, the rate se in the trnce and cont
es to obtain uisites to o
air traffic contrsure the smoement contro
vehicle drive
the majority uvring area stations or surfwhich must to absorb e
mplished in twntrol may tem
or taxi as a ay, as a moregiven clearanc
EDURE);
significant de
mitations; or
operating limit
-up and absorne running timg the route of
perate a "requclose liaison
utes served bhe controller
SMGCS) PAK
me is containManual Pak
peration of ai, would ensur
of traffic flowraffic densitytrol is essent
air traffic cooperating onrol the author
ooth flow of trl, which depers and air t
of requiremenspring from face congestiact as the b
externally impwo ways: firstmporarily with
broad regule tactical meace to taxi.
elay due to fa
s,
rbing the delame, and reducf other aircraft
uest engine with the air tby the aerodr
will conside
KISTAN
ed in kistan rcraft
re the
w may y the tial to
ontrol n the rity to raffic.
pends traffic
nts to other ion. It buffer posed tly, in hhold latory
asure,
actors
ay on ces t
start" traffic rome. er the
4
4
4
4.3 E
4
SU
requireand wengine
For Ex
Reque
Design
Averag
point in
Time f
Instruc
.2.4 With 4is placor, posare mo
.2.5 TRAFF
4.2.5.1
4.2.5.2
.2.6 At mosbetweeorder oThe apthat an
EFFECTS O
.3.1 GOOD
4.3.1.1
RFACE MOV
ed departure ill issue an enes off.
xample:
est engine sta
nated take-off
ge taxiing tim
ncluding cont
from "engine s
ction given "S
4.2.2 b), sinceced on the pilssibly, one incore likely to a
FIC SEQUEN
1 Traffic operatioffers tarrangiparking
2 At macontrolldepartiorder. and vSequen
4.2.5.2
4.2.5.2
4.2.5.2
4.2.5.2
4.2.5.2
st aerodromeen arrivals atof traffic taxiinpplication of an aircraft take
OF VISIBIL
D VISIBILITY
1 In visibthe mapilot anprescribStandainstructbecaus
VEMENT GUI
time in relatngine start-up
art --------------
f time ----------
e to holding
tingencies ----
start" to "read
Start engines a
e a pilot's opeot to defer hiscrement belorrive at the ho
NCING PROC
sequencing onally effectithe best depang a sequen
g, and causes
ny aerodromled by gate ng aircraft whSequencing olume of tncing method
.1 allocatin
.2 allocatin
.3 by-pass
.4 tempora
.5 delaying
es the necesst the apron. Wng to the aproa) may be by e a particular r
ITY ON SM
;
bility conditionanoeuvring arnd vehicle dribed in ANO
ard Manual tions (designse good visib
DANCE AND
ion to likely tp time calcula
------------------
------------------
------------------
dy to taxi" -----
at ---------------
rating limits as call for engw such limits olding point in
CEDURES;
is the arranive order. Foarture rate ance which is c
s minimum dis
mes, while thholding pro
hile taxiing is methods will raffic and w
ds include:
ng taxi routes
ng priority at i
sing at the hol
ary holding du
g exit from ap
ary interval bWhen there ison, the methoATC directio
runway turn-o
MGC PROC
n 1, which is rea for which ver for collisi
O-003-DRAN-Pakistan (
ed to aid thebility allows th
D CONTROL
taxiing time aated to absorb
---------------- 1
---------------- 1
---------------- 1
---------------- 4
---------------- 1
are normally nine start untilin improving
n the order of
ngement of or departuresnd least over-convenient fosruption to de
he broad stocedures (sea means of avary accord
weather con
of different le
ntersections;
lding point;
uring taxiing; a
pron.
etween landins a requiremeods employedn after leavinoff after comp
CEDURES
when the cohe is responon avoidance1.1, ANO-00ASMP)) and
e smooth flowhe controller
SYSTEMS (S
and delay at b most of the
0.10
0.42
0 minutes
4 minutes
0.28".
not known to l conditions aconditions. Intheir ability to
taxiing aircras this means-all delay. Foor apron entryepartures.
rategy of deee 4.2.2), thadjusting to lading to aerodnditions, par
ength;
and
ngs provides ent to controd will be as ing the runway
pletion of the l
ontroller can vnsible, the joine (in accorda04-DRAN-1.0d with ovew of traffic) wto see the a
SMGCS) PAK
the holding presidual time
the ATS, the are within his n this way, aio depart.
aft into the s the order wr arrivals it ey and subseq
eparture ordhe sequencinate changes irome layout,
rticularly visi
adequate spal the timing o
n 4.2.6 a), b) oy, or by suggeanding role.
view the whont responsibilnce with the and Aerod
erriding contworks well. Thaerodrome su
KISTAN
point, e with
onus limits rcraft
most which ntails quent
er is ng of n the type
bility.
acing or the or e).
esting
ole of lity of rules rome troller his is
urface
4
4
SU
.3.2 REDU
4.3.2.1
4.3.2.2
4.3.2.3
.3.3 MODE
4.3.3.1
RFACE MOV
traffic stake ea
CED VISIBIL
1 As visisurveillprogresmethodprevailimay beavoid creferenover althe moconditioneed foconstraexpectearea anconditio
2 At the surveillmovemavoidanaircraft conditioneeds tSMGC negotia
3 In visibby actiothat foresponspacingsystemTable 2pilot andirect rthere imovemoccupacapacit
ES OF OPERA
1 As recoafter thfor in-licrossinall weataxiwaymeasurexperieaerodroconditiopeculia
VEMENT GUI
situation and arly control me
LITY;
bility progresance can givssively loses ds of controling operatione expected thcollision with nce, but insufl traffic on theore likely it ons, normal aor restrictions
aint on capacied due to thend to the neeons, would ha
lower level ance from the
ment on the mnce being th
on the samon does not to be protecte
system will ated.
bility conditionon based solr movement sibility for pg. The techniq
m capacity will2-2) and espend controller, route from aps no means
ments an hourancy of eachty of the route
ATION:
ognized abovhe controller hine following
ng routes. No ather conditioy visibility. rement, RVR
enced en rouome, howevons, thus re
arities can be
DANCE AND
thus be able easures to av
ssively deteriove to the contr
sight of thel to be adju
nal conditionshat the visibilother traffic
fficient for pee basis of visis that this air traffic dems on vehiculaity and increae inability of ted to acquire ave been ava
of visibility ae control towe
manoeuvring ahe pilot's abime taxiway.
extend to ced. The ATC
depend upo
3, neither thelely on visuain these con
roviding bothques used fol depend upoecially upon tinto which a gpron to runws of division, r. If the route h segment ie can be subs
ve, collision ahas lost sight
traffic at lowone mode o
ons and the fSince taxiw
Rs are normaute to and fer, there caeports from of value.
D CONTROL
to anticipate void them.
orates, the leroller will also aerodrome sted to main
s. As visibilityity will be suon taxiways
ersonnel of cosual surveillancondition wil
mand could bear traffic on
ase in pilot anthe controllerinformation bilable from ob
associated wier can contribarea, the chielity to separSince the p
crossing traffwork-load geon the numb
e ATC unit nol observationnditions the h lateral sepor longitudinalon the provisihe number ofgiven route caay representthe effective
can be dividen sequence stantially incre
avoidance by of the mano
wer visibilitiesof surface movfactor which
ways are noally used as afrom the runan be consi
pilots and
SYSTEMS (S
conflicts whi
evel of assistao diminish anit becomes ntain a safe y reduces belfficient for thand at inters
ontrol units tonce. The largll occur. Unde expected bthe manoeuv
nd controller wr to see all ofby RTF whichbservation.
ith visibility cbute in only a ef visual contrate himself f
pilot's visual fic, then eacnerated and tber of active
or the pilot ca of traffic. It ATC unit mu
paration and spacing andon of SMGC f segments, ian be divideds 20 minutese departure
ed into segmecan be con
eased.
visual refereeuvring area s than for travement contrdictates the
ot instrumena guide to wway. Over tiderable varilocal knowle
SMGCS) PAK
ch may occu
ance which vd as the contnecessary fo
capacity folow conditione pilot to taxsections by vo exercise coer the aerodrder such visut there may vring area. S
work-load couf the manoeuh, in good vis
condition 2, vminor way to
ribution to colfrom a prececapability inh active crothe capacity o
e crossings t
n prevent colfollows, thereust undertake
safe longitu increased Scomponentsdentifiable to. For examples taxiing timecapacity is
ents and the pnfirmed, then
ence can conand can con
affic on joininrol is applicabchoice shou
nted for vishat is likely the surface oiation in visedge of we
KISTAN
r and
visual troller or the r the
n 1, it xi and visual ontrol rome, sibility
be a Some uld be uvring sibility
visual o safe lision eding
n this ssing of the to be
lision efore, e the udinal MGC (see
o both e, if a e and three pilot's n the
ntinue ntinue ng or ble to ld be
sibility to be of an sibility ather
4.4 S
4
SU
4.3.3.2
4.3.3.3
4.3.3.4
SEPARATIO
.4.1 GENE
4.4.1.1
RFACE MOV
2 The prreduce4.2.5) wrestrict conflictto taxi selectivdeteriointrodu
3 Notwithof taxiwcompleConseqaccoun
4.3.3.3
4.3.3.3
4.3.3.3
4.3.3.3
4 These progrespilot betaxiway
ON AT INT
ERAL;
1 There iaircraft pilots inand suinterestcollisionsafely fper cen
NOTE the latefor maito descmeans develop
VEMENT GUI
roblem facingd visibility cowill continue tthe number
ts at taxiway via a route
vely switch arate the nececing gate hold
hstanding simways makes petely avoided quently, four nt, may be def
.1 pilot colat interspriority o
.2 pilot colat intersand by maintain
.3 pilot colresponspriority a
.4 ATC reslongitudprovidin
modes of opssive increasecomes less cy intersections
ERSECTIO
is no techniquwhich appro
n good visibich other assts of both ATn avoidance fulfill the funcnt of the time.
- 1: Within theral distance ntaining the dcribe the long
for providiped.
DANCE AND
g the controllonditions. Altto be necessaof taxiing rouintersectionspublished o
able taxiway essity for ending procedu
mplification of possible, taxiexcept wheremain modesfined. These
llision avoidasections. ATConly when ne
llision avoidasections. ATCestablishing pn traffic flow;
lision avoidansible for nomand providing
sponsible for dinal spacing ng lateral sepa
peration and e in ATC rescapable of pros and second
ONS AND L
ue of ATC apoaches the elity. It followsistance and c
TC and pilots with the pilo
ction. At mos
his chapter thebetween airc
desired clearagitudinal distang effective
D CONTROL
er is to mainthough trafficary, the tendeutes made av. This can be
on the aerodcentre line li-route taxi seres (see 4.2.4
routing to theway intersecte the aerodros of control, modes are:
nce by visualC intervenes aecessary to m
nce by visualC intervenes bpriorities at in
nce by visual minating specg lateral separ
nominating salong taxiwayaration at inte
their relation sponsibility asoviding his owdly, along taxi
LONGITUD
pplied separatefficiency of s that, allowincontrol that care best serv
ots while condst aerodromes
e term lateralcraft becauseances. The teance between
longitudinal
SYSTEMS (S
ntain an efficc sequencingency will be fovailable to ave achieved bydrome chart ighting. As vequencing ca4).
e extent whichtion conflicts
ome layout is taking visibil
l reference alat intersectioaintain traffic
l reference alby nominatingntersections w
reference alocific routings ration at inter
specific routinys and establersections.
to visibility cs visibility dewn collision aways.
DINAL SPA
tion or spacinthat which cng for ATC acircumstancesved by leavingditions are ss this will be
separation ise values and erm longitudinn aircraft beca separation
SMGCS) PAK
cient traffic flo procedures or the controloid the numby requiring aior by the us
visibility condan be reduce
h the configurare unlikely extremely simity conditions
long taxiwaysns by establisflow;
long taxiwaysg specific rouwhen necessa
ong taxiways.and establis
rsections;
ngs, providinglishing priority
conditions imteriorates anvoidance, firs
ACING
ng between tacan be applieaction on prios may dictateg responsibiliuch that theyfor more tha
s used to desaids are spe
nal spacing is ause no valu
have yet
KISTAN
ow in (see
ler to ber of rcraft se of itions
ed by
ration to be mple. s into
s and shing
s and utings ary to
ATC shing
g safe y and
ply a d the
stly at
axiing ed by orities e, the ty for y can an 95
scribe cified used es or been
4
4
4
SU
.4.2 SEPA
4.4.2.1
.4.3 It followin thes
4.4.3.1
4.4.3.2
The reaerodrbe cattaxiwaon suc
.4.4 SPAC
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.2
4.4.4.3
RFACE MOV
RATION AT
1 "Give-wcommolights avisibilityseparat
4.4.2.1
4.4.2.1
ws that markse conditions,
1 pilots intersec
2 the systo hold
estriction and romes with ligtered for at aeay centre line ch a system, a
ING ALONG
1 In the asurfaceby visuincludinand lamoffer a varies, demanconfusimistakeapplyinapplyinthat onmay en
2 As indspacingpilots encounhimselfthe aircmaintaiaircraft closingto main
3 In low vnecesslikely to
VEMENT GUI
INTERSECTI
way" interseconly used meat intersectiony conditions ation, demand
.1 surface when sclearanc
.2 ATC is and cleaflow rate
ings and/or li and that:
and vehiclection; or
stem, under thand who is to
ATC work-loght traffic anderodromes wlighting linke
automatic act
TAXIWAYS
absence of ne operation mual referenceng surface mamp technologbetter view focockpit workds higher ping taxiway laes. It can be
ng to a particng to anotherne pilot may ncounter grea
icated in 4.5g which apprin good vis
nters increasf and a prececraft ahead ain a safe sptype is esse
speed and thntain safe spa
visibility the psary for the tao be focused
DANCE AND
IONS (LATER
ction control ethods whichns. Howeverat or below w that:
traffic is absignaled or ce for crossin
able to maintar or hold airce.
ghts must pro
drivers mu
he control of Ao cross.
oad per moved/or few interith a complex
ed to stop bartivation of sto
(LONGITUDI
non-visual gumust be the vise. Clearly, tharkings, the ty
gy and performor taxiing tha
k-loads differ, pilot concentayouts require seen, therecular situatior pilot in diffeachieve safe
at difficulty.
5.1 there is roaches the sibility; neveing problems
eding aircraft.as an obstrucacing with thential for thehe need to sloacing.
pilot will be coxiing guidanc
d near the tax
D CONTROL
RAL SEPARA
and "visuah do not nec, control of t
which pilots c
le to recogninstructed to
ng movement;
tain a sequencraft and veh
otect each ap
ust obtain c
ATC, must ind
ement impliedrsections. If mx layout, comrs may be nep bars on cro
INAL SPACIN
idance for tasibility below
his will depenype and spacmance gener
an others, thelack of familiration in pore a higher leefore, that a
on may well erent circumse taxiing rela
no techniqueefficiency of rtheless, as s in maintain Firstly, the pction and sechis aircraft. Ae pilot and heow his own a
oncentrating tce of his aircraxiway centre
SYSTEMS (S
ATION):
al ATC direccessarily demtraffic at intercannot provide
ize the intero do so, a; and
ntial record ofhicles to main
pproach to an
crossing cle
dicate withou
d by a) confinmedium or he
mplex control seeded. When ossing routes
NG):
xiing, the lowwhich the pilond upon a ncing of taxiwarally. Some a taxiing perfoiarity with an
oor visibility evel of pilot a
combinationbe quite diff
stances, with atively easily,
e of ATC apthat which c
visibility rening a safe pilot must be condly, he mA knowledge e must be aircraft, or eve
to a great exteaft (see 4.5.1line. Recogn
SMGCS) PAK
cted priority"mand markingrs sections ine their own la
section and allowing adeq
f traffic movemtain the maxi
n intersection
arance at e
t ambiguity w
nes the metheavy demandsuch as contrroutes are sis essential.
wer limit of aiot is unable tonumber of fay centre line
aircraft flight dormance of ai
aerodrome laand comple
alertness to an of these faferent from tthe consequwhereas an
pplied longitucan be applieeduces, the spacing betwable to recogust take actioof the prece
ble to assessen bring it to a
ent on visual ) and his eye
nition of prece
KISTAN
" are gs or n the ateral
stop, quate
ment, imum
used
every
who is
od to is to rolled et up
rcraft o taxi
actors lights
decks rcraft ayout ex or avoid
actors those uence other
udinal ed by
pilot ween gnize on to eding s the
a halt,
cues es are eding
SU
4.4.4.4
4.4.4.5
4.4.4.6
4.4.4.7
4.4.4.8
RFACE MOV
traffic athus difbe reacand theassumetaxiway
4 The visspacingtraffic apositionto provwhen aerodro
5 It is obgeneraresponconducthe pdetermspacing
6 HowevnecessestablisoperatiSeconddeterioset ATClimit isavailabvisibilitiand asrequireis likelyapply determdetermauthoritaerodroapplica
7 In so faconcerndiscontATC lowhen cbetweemannefrom thdesignacompleand stosensor
8 Clearlywork-lotraffic system
VEMENT GUI
at the earliestfficult to achieched when the maintenance the respoy.
sibility limit atg can be effeadvisory andn of precedinvide such a sit is intendeomes when tr
vious that witl fixed visibisibilities. Eac
ct low visibilityparticular aeine at whichg responsibilit
er, having desary. Firstly, itshed proceduons and ATdly, becauserating visibilitC longitudina
s actually reable inies on the ressessment of variation of ty to be that longitudinal ined figure. inations canty alone. Fuome users m
ation of low vis
ar as the praned it must btinuous, that
ongitudinal spcontrolling airen the blocksr in which co
he very simpated, well-de
ex issue of prop bar systemdetection as
y the very simoad and frequlevel. At the
m for a comple
DANCE AND
t possible moeve. As visib
he pilot cannoe of longitudi
onsibility for
t which it becectively reducd alerting serg traffic and
service that Ted to conducraffic demand
th all the varility at which ch aerodromy operations erodrome ah visibility theties.
etermined thit must be ensures are adeqTC applied s of the timeties (again a al spacing proached. Thirddications
emainder of tf local meteothe basic visithe actual vitaxiway spaIn this con
not be the ull consultatiomust be undesibility longitu
actical applicabe remembere
is, subject toacing is to dircraft, to enss or segmenontrol, using ple issue of Rfined clearanroviding a comm with automa basis for th
mple methoduency conges other extremete aerodrom
D CONTROL
oment (to allowility reduces
ot cope with bnal spacing. Iproviding lo
comes necesced by the prvice includinadvice of clo
Table 2-2 proct aircraft opd is medium o
able factors iATC should
me operationawill need to and the ope local ATC
s visibility, thsured that aerquate for the spacing (seee involved inlocal circum
ocedures in edly, although
of the movemenorological anobility. The nesibility figure
acing is somntext, it musprerogative o
ons with otheertaken to enudinal spacing
ation of ATC ed that aircrao starts and ivide taxiwayssure that a "onts occupiedthe block sy
RTF clearancnce limits on mputer switchmatic maintenhe system log
generates sstion that it came, the prov
me may be virt
SYSTEMS (S
w effective coto the lower
both the guidaIt is at this sta
ongitudinal sp
ssary to introdprovision of ang type, distaosing speed. oposes the inperations in or heavy.
it is not possd assume lonal authority assess all facperational cshould take
hree further crodrome and proposed lev
e Tables 2-n changing stance) it wileffect before
RVR readinrunway
nt area may omalies and t effect of theat which AT
mewhat highest be emphaof the aeroder interestednsure succesg procedures.
applied longiaft movementstops; one s
s into blocks one-block" bu
d by succeedystem, can beces to stop aa specified
hed taxiway cnance of aircic.
such a high an be used onvision of a frtually ruled o
SMGCS) PAK
orrective actiolimits, a stagance of his aiage that ATC pacing along
duce ATC apa precise, direance and reIt is to assist
nstallation of low visibilitie
ible to prescrngitudinal spawhich intendctors in relaticircumstances
over longitu
considerationsATC facilities
vel of low vis1, 2-2 and responsibilitiel be necessathe basic vis
ngs are the condit
vary consideexperience c
ese consideraTC should staer than the asized that drome operatd parties sucss in the pra
itudinal spacits on taxiwaysafe way to eor segmentsuffer is preseding aircraft. e achieved vat, or procee(route to the centre line ligcraft identity
level of contnly with a verfully computeout on the gro
KISTAN
on) is e will rcraft must
g the
pplied ected lative ATC SMR
es at
ribe a acing ds to on to s to udinal
s are s and sibility
2-3). es in ary to sibility
best tions,
erably could ations art to
first such
tional ch as ctical
ing is ys are effect and, erved
The varies ed to,
very ghting using
troller ry low erized ounds
SU
4.4.4.9
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.1
RFACE MOV
of exceof visuselectivbars.
9 When aline ligprovidinclearanevery iclearedA "knowderivedradar. Oto the nilluminasystemvehicle
10 As discsystemdividedcommuconstraof a piloa help,also prapproasome aresult ovisibiliti
11 In addiactual related This sconsideby ATC
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.1
12 The mlongitudexpectesame dependbe ecofor insseparatlongitudprovidethe bloseparatonly th
VEMENT GUI
essive compleual guidancevely switch a
an aerodromeghts and inteng taxiing ance limit whicinstance, willd aircraft and wn position" md position cheOnward clearnext (defined)ation of the t
m demands as under contr
cussed in 4.m is related tod, but the unication andaint on the amot to identify but unless m
rovided, the cch that of noaerodromes of the more ies.
tion to the valongitudinal sto the actua
cale of facieration in detC to ensure th
1.1 a followaircraft;
1.2 a follorequirem
1.3 a followaircraft.
inimum blockdinal spacinged to apply. minimum lendent upon aeonomically protance, the ated routing odinal spacinge block definitock definitiontion and long
he lengthier u
DANCE AND
exity and, thee and controble taxiway c
e is equippedegrated stop aircraft with ch is defined be based uwill comply w
may be a poseck or, preferarance must b) point, confirtaxiway centr separation rol.
.3.4, the capo the number
ATC work-l problems of
mount of traffihis position bmaintained idcapacity of a ormal good va compensatstringent op
ariable factorsspacing whical control faclities and thtermining the hat:
wing aircraft
owing aircraments of the p
wing aircraft is
k length sho which ATC (This does n
ngth. The acerodrome layoovided and, taerodrome laof taxiing airg may be mution points prn points wougitudinal spacunbroken sec
D CONTROL
refore, cost. Aol, offered bcentre line lig
d with selectivbars, safe
a continuousby a red sto
upon the knowith the requirsitive location ably, an aircrabe sequential rmed by the sre line lights minimum of
pacity of a sr of blocks inoad involvef maintainingc which can s
by reference tdentification ablock control visibility opertory reductionperating requ
s and considech can be proilities installe
he procedurelongitudinal
does not
aft does nopreceding airc
s not affected
uld never be(taking all locot mean that
ctual length out, the SMGthe demand aayout lends rcraft, then thuch reduced rimarily at taxuld serve th
cing, and it mactions of tax
SYSTEMS (S
A practical coby current teht system wi
vely switch abspacing cans centre lineop bar. The own position rements of 4.identification aft position reand consist
suppression oup to the neone block be
stop bar definto which a g
ed in switch aircraft idensafely be cono illuminated
and automatesystem cann
rations. On thn in demand
uirements ass
erations menovided by ATd at each sp
es for their spacing whic
collide wi
ot affect tcraft; and
d by the blas
e less than tal factors intot each block of each bloc
GC system faand related Aitself to the he necessity
and it woulxiway interseche applicationay then be ne
xiway into blo
SMGCS) PAK
ompromise syechnology, isith integrated
ble taxiway c be achievee of lights tclearance limof the previ5.14 a), b) an by a pilot, a
eport confirmeof RTF clear
of the stop baext stop bar.etween aircra
ned block coiven route cahing lights, ntity also act ntrolled. The a
location boared block contnot be expecthe other han
d may occur sociated with
ntioned beforeTC will be dirpecific aerodr
use is the ch is to be ap
ith the prece
the manoeu
t of the prece
he minimum o account) ma
needs to beck will be la
acilities whichATC work-loa
diverse, late for ATC apd make sensctions. In thisn of both laecessary to docks. Thus,
KISTAN
ystem s the stop
centre ed by to its
mit, in ously nd c). radar ed by rance r and . The aft or
ontrol an be
RTF as a
ability rds is trol is ted to nd, at
as a h low
e, the rectly rome.
final pplied
eding
uvring
eding
safe ay be e this argely may
ad. If, erally pplied se to s way ateral divide block
4
SU
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.1
4.4.4.1
.4.5 THE R
4.4.5.1
4.4.5.2
4.4.5.3
RFACE MOV
length and, pprerequof aircrwhich pdetailed
13 Notwithbetweeassessrunwayprocedprecisemovem
14 Researnot to aerodrosurfaceproblemspacing
15 Becausare useinitial inwhich aoperatidesign
ROLE OF SUR
1 There ifully forthe tracommuless ecmanuadecreadeclinevisibilityresponno long
2 Neverthaids, thvaluablcontrol is unlikcontinuapprecaircraft movembut it to
3 The acbe acccould bcan profor thenecess
VEMENT GUI
(subject to "ossibly, for euisite for any raft movemepractical SMGd design and
hstanding theen traffic movsed by the piloy holding poure ensures
e and timely ment radar) dis
rch on, and edate been wome authorite operations ms and requig on taxiways
se procedureed in very crntroduction ofare known toons before thwork.
RFACE MOV
is currently nor a controller'affic on it. Iunication or Sconomic in tel system theses and the t
es. On other thy condition sibility of the
ger provide hi
heless, givenhe provision le contributioin reduced v
kely to be acuous check oiation of lighand vehicles
ment of emergoo has its limi
ccuracy of maomplished by
be provided bovide position controller to
sary for the p
DANCE AND
"minimum" reeach taxiwayintroduction ont, demand GC design cinstallation w
e general requving along a ot to be adeqint, to close optimum ru
traffic informsplayed direc
experience inidespread. Nies which ha
are presenirements whis is to be appl
es entailing thritical low visf such procedo have considhey commenc
VEMENT RAD
o facility, or c's loss of visunformation d
SMR is rarely erms of the we ATC work-traffic handlinhan simple ro2 when secontroller. It s own longitu
n that an aeroof an aerodr
on to the savisibility and achieved withoon runway octing control rs. In emergegency vehicletations.
anoeuvre reqy following ligby ATC instrunal informatioo position anpilot to be ab
D CONTROL
equirements) y at that airpof a "block" sand ATC woompromises
work is started
uirement for ataxiway, pilot
quate) be authup to a pr
nway use. Itmation, made ctly to the con
, operations aNevertheless, ave extensiv
nted at Appech must be clied.
he ATC applisibility conditidures should sderable practce related pla
DAR (SMR):
combination oual contact wderived by oas comprehe
work-load exload per mo
ng capacity ofoute systems,eparation atdrops even m
udinal separat
odrome is adrome surface afety and effat night; optimout it. Surfacccupancy andrequirements
encies it can es and the s
quired on taxghts and markuctions using on to the conn aircraft preble to comply
SYSTEMS (S
will vary forport. In this csystem will beorkload pattemay have to
d.
a minimum bts could (in vhorized, whenreceding holdt can only bpossible by troller, is ava
at the lower vdata made a
ve experienceendix B as considered if
ication, of lonons, States seek the advitical experienanning, consu
of facilities, wwith the aerodother methodensive or infopended in its
ovement incref the aerodrom, the capacityt intersectionmore steeply wtion.
dequately equmovement r
ficiency of gmum capacity ce movemend taxiway us
and facilitatplay a part i
safe dispositio
xiways, whichkings, is far mSMR directiotroller, it is a
ecisely using with instruct
SMGCS) PAK
r each aerodcircumstance
e a thorough serns to detero be made b
buffer of one visibility condn approachinding aircraft. be implement
an SMR (suilable.
visibility limitsavailable by se in low visguidance to
f ATC longitu
ngitudinal spacontemplatingice of other Snce in this fieultation and fa
hich compensdrome surfaceds such as rmative, and s acquisition. eases as visme control se
y can fall sharns becomeswhen the pilo
uipped with vradar can maground move
for the condt radar perm
sage, allows tes clearancein the expedon of other tr
h can satisfacmore preciseon. Although very difficultsuch radar.
tions given b
KISTAN
rome e, the study rmine efore
block itions g the This
ted if urface
s has some sibility o the udinal
acing g the
States eld of acility
sates e and
RTF is far In a
sibility ervice ply in
s the ot can
visual ake a ement itions
mits a rapid
es for itious raffic,
ctorily than SMR t task
It is y the
4.5 E
4
4
4
SU
4.4.5.4
4.4.5.5
EMERGENC
.5.1 ASMPATC isensureagencthe vic
4.5.1.1
4.5.1.2
4.5.1.3
4.5.1.4
ATC isfunctio
.5.2 In the conditiamonginvolveand tyentry iestabli
.5.3 If an ethe lim
4.5.3.1
RFACE MOV
controllafford aand poof majo
4 At a mobscurewhich tin visibcould slikely to
4.4.5.4
4.4.5.4
5 n summand effis an acontrol SMR limwith thcould bcontrol are notconfirmrespectobjectiv
CY PROCE
P, Chapter 9 rs one of thee proper and ies which cou
cinity of an ae
1 aircraft
2 acts of
3 occurre
4 structur
s of necessityons, together
event of an eions, it may bg the first to ed the ATC seype, take actiinto the area ished.
emergency ocmit of ATC visu
1 realizat
VEMENT GUI
ler without thany ultimate psitional inform
or assistance
major aerodred from the traffic can be bility conditionscarcely be exo be present o
.1 the woris very h
.2 there iscontrolleextende
mary, therefoficiency of suradjunct and facilities and
mitations andhe administrabe expected if and when i
t provided, e.gm pilot comp
t to SMR poves for SMR i
EDURES
requires the ee agencies inimmediate could be of ass
erodrome. Em
emergencies
unlawful inte
ences involvin
ral building fir
y involved in awith many oth
emergency sitbe assumed know of it, anervice will supion to safeguand maintain
ccurs on the ual surveillan
tion that an in
DANCE AND
e radar beingprescribed semation that thto pilots prov
rome, a largcontrol toweexpected to
n 2. In thesexaggerated, iton the manoe
k-load and cohigh and restr
s a limit to ter, using an Sed period.
re, SMR canrface movemenot an altern manoeuvring
d control capaative respons
to take appintrusions areg. holding po
pliance with ositional toleis included in
establishmentnvolved. An ao-ordination oistance in res
mergency situa
s;
rference with
ng dangerous
res.
any such planher departme
tuation on thethat the contnd that he wipply the rescuuard other tran contact wit
movement arce, the patter
ncident has oc
D CONTROL
g used to proveparation. Hohe controller isviding their ow
e part of ther while visib
operate at the conditions, t is not possibeuvring area.
oncentration ricts ATC cap
the amount SMR display
make a valuent control in native to prog area protecacities into acibility of aero
propriate meae detected ussition markingcontrol instrurances are kAppendix F.
t of an aerodaerodrome e
of aerodrome sponding to eations envisag
civil aviation
s goods; and
n, through its cents, services
e movement atroller will eithill initiate emeue and fire figaffic on the mh the emerge
rea in poor vrn of events a
ccurred which
SYSTEMS (S
vide directionowever, the ms able to give
wn collision av
he manoeuvrbility is still whe normal lev
while the usble to monitorThere are tw
involved in dpacity; and
of traffic info, can identify
uable contribulow visibility vision of vistion measure
ccount, ATC codrome safeasures to proing SMR. Alsgs and lights,uctions unlesknown. A se
rome emergeemergency pl
services withemergencies ged include:
;
communicatioand agencie
area occurrinher observe tergency actioghting servicemovement areency comman
visibility and aand ATC actio
h may result f
SMGCS) PAK
nal guidance, more precise te by using radvoidance.
ring area cawithin the limvel of demandsefulness of r in detail all to main proble
etailed monit
ormation whiy and retain fo
ution to the sand at night, ual guidance
es. Certainly tacannot be chaty, although otect traffic uo, if other fac, then ATC cass guidance et of perform
ency plan in wan is intende
h other appropoccurring on
ons and contrs.
ng in good visthe incident, oon. If an aircres with the locea, restrict fund post when
at visibilities bon are likely to
from:
KISTAN
or :o traffic dar is
n be its at d, i.e. SMR traffic ems:
toring
ich a or an
safety but it
e and aking arged ATC
under cilities annot
with mance
which ed to priate or in
rol
sibility or be raft is cation urther n it is
below o be:
4.6 R
4
4
SU
4.5.3.2
4.5.3.3
4.5.3.4
4.5.3.5
4.5.3.6
4.5.3.7
4.5.3.8
4.5.3.9
4.5.3.1
RTF PROCE
.6.1 The imassocimovemthe piundersRTF tr
.6.2 ANO-0(Doc 9
RFACE MOV
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.1
4.5.3.1
2 initiatio
3 discoveextent
4 assista
4.5.3.4
4.5.3.4
4.5.3.4
5 safegua
4.5.3.5
4.5.3.5
4.5.3.5
6 liaison
7 the resaccurat
4.5.3.7
4.5.3.7
8 assesscapacit
9 facilitataircraft
10 arrangedamag
EDURES A
mportance ofiated procedument dependslots or vehicstanding of thransmissions.
003-DRTS-1.09432) contain
VEMENT GUI
.1 RTF me
.2 RTF me
.3 informat
.4 visual in
.5 SMR ind
.6 aural ind
.7 failure o
on of emergen
ery of the locabecome evide
ance to rescue
.1 RTF adv
.2 switchinvehicles
.3 use of S
arding of traff
.1 stopping
.2 conside
.3 restrictio
with the eme
sumption of retely determine
.1 by the and
.2 by the raerodro
sment, and inty in the new
tion of trafficor vehicles; a
ement for thee to aerodrom
AND PHRA
f correct useures cannot bs upon the clacle operatorshe over-all sit.
0 (Communicthe recogniz
DANCE AND
essages from
essages from
tion from veh
ndications (e.g
dications;
dications; and
of aircraft to re
ncy action;
ation of the inent from infor
e and fire figh
vice as to the
ng of taxiways; and
SMR to assist
fic in the mov
g the moveme
eration of susp
on of entry to
rgency comm
estricted surfaed:
re-routing of
re-arrangemeome operation
ndication to thconditions;
c movement and
e inspection ome surface, lig
ASEOLOGY
e of languagbe overemphaarity of unders in contact uation which,
cation Proceded RTF proce
D CONTROL
aircraft involv
other aircraft
hicles, securit
g. a glow thro
d
espond to RT
ncident or accrmation gaine
hting vehicles,
e location of th
y lights to pro
t emergency v
ement area, w
ent of all surfa
pension of flig
the moveme
mand post;
ace movemen
other traffic
ent of route syns;
hose concern
concerned w
of the occurrghts and othe
Y
ge and phrasasized. The sstanding betwwith him. S in whole or i
dures) and tedures and p
SYSTEMS (S
ved;
t;
ty guards or o
ough fog);
TF transmissio
cident. This wed from a) abo
, which may i
he incident;
ovide guidanc
vehicles;
which will inc
ace traffic;
ght operations
nt area of oth
nt when the s
clear of the
ystem to perm
ned, of the s
with the rem
rence area aner facilities.
seology and safety and efween the con
Such co-operain part, is gai
the Manual ohraseology.
SMGCS) PAK
other persons
on;
will usually to sove;
nclude:
ce for emerg
lude:
s; and
her traffic;
situation has
occurrence
mit continuati
surface move
oval of dam
nd assessme
of adherencfficiency of grtroller and eaation requirened by monit
of Radiotelep
KISTAN
;
some
gency
been
area;
on of
ement
maged
ent of
ce to round ach of es an toring
phony
4.7 C
4
4.8 L
4
SU
CO-ORDINA
.7.1 Each afacilitierange speechmovemofficersexamp
4.7.1.1
4.7.1.2
LOW VISIBI
.8.1 The sp
RFACE MOV
ATION
aerodrome aues and proceof surface mh circuits bement (e.g. ths) but also th
ple, low visibil
1 The erepreseresolve
2 A partineed towhere surface
ILITY PRO
pecial proced
VEMENT GUI
uthority must,dures necess
movement actetween conte control towhe administrality and emerg
establishmententatives of me any problem
cularly imporo establish sothese advers
e movement g
OCEDURES
ures related t
DANCE AND
together witsary to allow ivities. This introllers and wer, the aproative directivegency proced
t and regulmajor aerodroms in co-ordina
rtant aspect ound procedusely affect thguidance and
S
to low visibility
D CONTROL
th its associatco-ordination
nvolves not ooperators re
on managemes to enable dures.
ar meeting ome interests ation which m
of such admures for the rahe operationa
control syste
y conditions a
SYSTEMS (S
ted ATS authn to be perfoonly the estabesponsible foent service athe efficient
of a comare members
may occur.
ministrative coapid rectificatial safety andem.
are fully desc
SMGCS) PAK
ority, establisrmed over thblishment of dor actual aiand airport sapplication o
mmittee of ws is a good w
o-ordination ison of facility f
d efficiency o
ribed in Chap
KISTAN
sh the he full direct rcraft
safety of, for
which way to
s the faults
of the
pter 5
5.1 IN
5
5
5
5.2 PTadcrrecobeaeor
5
SU
NTRODUC
.1.1 The inconditioperatsurfacassocivehicle
.1.2 The puoperatparticuTable Design
.1.3 Althouthat moperatthis for
PREPARAThe introductidjustment of reate additionelevant persoollision with oe allowed to oerodrome oprganizations a
.2.1 WORK
No twessentof lowfrom Sof reprto iden
5.2.1.1
5.2.1.2
5.2.1.3
5.2.1.4
5.2.1.5
5.2.1.6
5.2.1.7
RFACE MOV
LOW
TION
ncreasing demion 3) has letions are cone movement iated with suces operating i
urpose of thisting agenciesular SMGC sy2-3. Further
n Manual, Pa
ugh this chaptmany aerodrotions in low virm of operatio
TION FOR Lion of low vexisting procnal problems
onnel to controthers and infoperate indepperator or aand provide s
KING GROUP
o aerodrometial that all as
w visibility proState to Stateresentatives ontify many gen
1 the neesystem
2 the speground
3 the stri
4 the aer
5 the stri
6 the adlighting
7 the nee
VEMENT GUI
Ch
W VISIBIL
mand for opeed to an incnducted. Becguidance andch operationsin low visibility
s chapter is tos to provide foystem compodetailed info
rt 4 and the M
ter relates momes not equisibility and thon.
LOW VISIBvisibility opercedures and rs due to the rol and operaringement of
pendently fromappropriate
specific low vi
P:
es will be exaspects of an ocedures shoe but the mosof all parties ineral factors
ed for additioms;
ecial requirem personnel;
ngent criteria
rodrome layou
ngent criteria
equacy of rug and marking
ed for a more
DANCE AND
hapter 5
LITY OPE
erations in viscreasing numcause of thisd control (SMs and providey on the move
o briefly outlinor low visibilitonents for visormation and Manual of All-
ore to Categouipped for lanhus many of t
BILITY OPErations is corestrictions. Greduced abi
ate on an aeran active run
m another andauthority msibility proced
actly alike anaerodrome o
ould be examt effective meinvolved in supertinent to o
onal and mo
ments for the
required for o
ut and the nat
required for t
unways and g for such ope
comprehens
D CONTROL
RATIONS
sibilities of lember of aerod
, there is a MGC) system e a safe grounement area.
ne the preparty operationsibility conditioadvice is als
Weather Ope
ory III type opnding in low vthe points dis
ERATIONSonsiderably mGround operality of controrodrome in re
nway. It is thed, before embust administdures and reg
nd thus durinperation whic
mined. The adethod is to fouch operationoperation belo
ore reliable g
training and
obstacle clea
ture of the su
the protection
taxiways; aperations;
ive control of
SYSTEMS (S
S
ess than 400dromes at wneed to devto cover the nd environme
ration necesss. Guidance oon 3 is contaiso provided
erations (Doc
perations, it isvisibility oftencussed are e
S more compleations below ollers, pilots, educed visibirefore essentbarking on suter and congulations.
ng the preparch might affedministrative
orm a workingns. The workinow 400 m RVR
ground equip
qualification
arance;
rrounding ter
n of the ILS si
pproach, run
ground move
SMGCS) PAK
m RVR (viswhich low visvelop an effeinherent probent for aircraf
ary for aerodon the selectiined in Chaptin the Aerod9365).
s important ton conduct takequally pertine
ex than a sian RVR of 4drivers and lity without ritial that no ag
uch operationsntrol the va
ration period,ct the introduprocess will
g group compng group will R. These incl
pment and ai
of flight crew
rrain;
ignal;
nway and tax
ement traffic;
KISTAN
sibility sibility ective blems ft and
rome on of ter 2, rome
o note ke-off ent to
imple 00 m other isk of gency s, the arious
, it is uction
vary posed need ude:
rcraft
w and
xiway
and
5
5
SU
5.2.1.8
It will btime sc
.2.2 OPER
5.2.2.1
5.2.2.2
.2.3 SAFET
5.2.3.1
5.2.3.2
RFACE MOV
8 the dep
be necessary chedule, in w
RATIONAL AS
1 Low vequipmin the iThis stupresentaerodrosafety s
2 In addiworkingcomponChapteequipmdeteriomethod
TY ASSESSM
1 The wassessICAO Mtake acoperati
2 5.2.6 increasexercisfigure ti.e. "risoperatithan wprobabas sucaircraft incapabshould taxiing taken:
5.2.3.2
5.2.3.2
5.2.3.2
5.2.3.2
VEMENT GUI
ployment of re
for the workiwhich these su
SSESSMENT
isibility operment and train
nitial planninudy will need t and forecaomes and thestandards.
ition to the ing group will nents of the S
er 2 providesment and vis
rating visibilitds and proced
MENT AND P
working groupsment of the aManual of Allccount of the onal and the
In partised operatingsed by ATC athat is often qsk not in exons". Althoug
would be expeility of runway
ch, is pertineis at its mos
ble of taking be focused
aircraft and/o
.1 examinabeing grunwaysentrance
.2 examinaand commoveme
.3 examinafor aircr
.4 examinarecords incidentauthorit
DANCE AND
escue and fire
ng group to eubjects and m
T:
ations demaning which areg stage to deto consider s
ast traffic vole potential for
ntroduction analso have
SMGC systems detailed gsual aids, aty on the capdures that can
PROCEDURE
p will also aerodrome. G-Weather Op lowest RVRexpected vol
icular, the ag risk due tas visibility dquoted in thecess of the
gh this figure ected when y intrusion at
ent to the ovst vulnerableany avoidingspecifically
or vehicles. In
ation of the mgiven to aircs, ground tres;
ation of the empany rules ent scenario;
ation of meteraft and other
ation of any are availab
t rate by ies, etc. or re
D CONTROL
e fighting serv
establish a womany others a
and higher se costly to precide whethesuch factors alumes, the pimprovemen
nd revision oto decide o
m and the coguidance on and Chapterpacity of the Sn be adopted
ES:
need to maGuidance on tperations (DocR at which the
ume of aerod
assessment o the lack oecreases. On
e developmenprobability o
is used for higtaxiing in lowthe time of a
ver-all ground when landin
g action, the on the prob
n this respect
movement arecraft routingsraffic control
existing ATS that are re
eorological recvehicles;
past recordble, it may b
discussion fer to genera
SYSTEMS (S
vices.
ork programmre examined.
specificationsrovide. Study er such operaas the incidenproximity of t in regularity
of low visibiliton the visuaontrol methods
the selectior 4 discusseSMGC syste.
ake a compthis assessmc-9365), Chae aerodrome drome traffic m
should takeof visual conne method isnt of aircraft of one fatal gher aircraft mw visibility, it ircraft landingd movement ng or taking oattention of t
bability of runt the following
ea design withs between a
points and
instructions, levant to the
cords and m
ds of runwaybe necessary
with control internationa
SMGCS) PAK
me, based on a
s in the formwill be neces
ations are justnce of low visisuitable dive
y of operations
ty proceduresal and non-vs to be emplo
on of appropes the effecm and the co
prehensive sent is given ipter 5 and shintends to re
movements.
account ofntrol that cas to use the soperating minaccident permovement spdoes include
g or taking offscenario. A
off and is virtthe working gnway intrusiog action shou
h specific atteapron areas
movement
operations oe general gr
ovement stat
y intrusion. y to establisollers, inspel experience;
KISTAN
a
m of ssary tified. bility,
ersion s and
s, the visual oyed. priate ct of ontrol
safety n the hould emain
f the n be same nima, r 107 peeds e the f and,
As an rtually group on by uld be
ention and
area
orders round
tistics
If no h an
ecting
5
SU
5.2.3.3
.2.4 LOW V
5.2.4.1
RFACE MOV
5.2.3.2
5.2.3.2
3 This saof a cothe prehave aassocia
VISIBILITY P
1 The paerodrotake intneed to
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
5.2.4.1
VEMENT GUI
.5 examinaChapterrunway with thegeneral the over
.6 a compaccompduring w
afety assessmmplete SMGC
eparation proca high level ated procedur
PROCEDURE
rocedures reome. The lowto account loo be consider
.1 All drivemovemeare awalow visprocedu
.2 A recordthe man
.3 All non-and mmanoeu
.4 Essentiakept to ATC.
.5 Where tarea exbetweenentry povisual sequipmeadjacenshould b
.6 All ungulocked a
.7 There iorganizalow visicompanmainten
.8 All persessentia
.9 Appropr5.4).
DANCE AND
ation of exisr 7 — Runwaintrusion as a
e possibility osecurity proc
r-all intrusion
prehensive panied by the which the find
ment should bC system andcess. Those of risk wilres.
ES:
equired for w visibility procal conditions
red.
ers and otheent area are are of the addibility. It follo
ures come into
d is maintainnoeuvring are
-essential vehmaintenance uvring area.
al vehicles pea minimum
the possibilityxists and whn aircraft maoints should urveillance thent, and thos
nt to the manbe regularly p
uarded gatesand inspected
is adequate ations with mibility proced
nies exercisenance facilities
sonnel whoseal to the opera
riate emerge
D CONTROL
ting airport say Protectionan aggressiveof an inadvecedures can probability; a
inspection orelevant expeings from a) t
be consideredd should be careas of opel require ex
low visibilityocedures devs; however, t
er personnel adequately trditional respoows that theo operation m
ed by the ATea (ref. PANS-
hicles and peparties mus
ermitted to enand must be
y of inadverteere physical
aintenance arbe manned.
hen it should se areas withnoeuvring arpatrolled.
s/entrances tod at frequent i
provision fomovement are
ures. This is control oves adjacent to
e presence oation should b
ency procedu
SYSTEMS (S
security procn Measures). e act is not laertent intrusio
have a signiand
of the total erts and respto e) should b
d by the workcompleted in tration which
xtra protectio
y operations eloped for anhe basic fact
authorized trained in thesonsibilities plae point at wmust be well d
TS of person-RAC, Part V
rsonnel, e.g. st be withd
nter the mane in RTF co
ent entry ontoclosure is n
reas and maIf an openin
be fitted with intensive veea and with
o the movemintervals.
or alerting aea access of ts particularly
er their own the manoeuv
on the movebe withdrawn
ures must be
SMGCS) PAK
cedures (see The possibil
arge in compaon but the usificant effect
movement onsible autho
be verified.
king group asthe early stagare considern measures
vary with n aerodrome tors that follow
to operate onse proceduresaced upon thewhich low visdefined.
s and vehicleV).
works contradrawn from
oeuvring areaommunication
o the manoeunot practical,anoeuvring ang is too wid
intruder deteehicular move
no traffic co
ent area are
airlines and the introducti important wapron areas
vring area.
ement area is.
e developed
KISTAN
also ity of
arison se of upon
area orities
s part ges of red to
and
each must w will
n the s and em in sibility
es on
actors the
a are with
uvring e.g.
areas, de for ection ement ontrol
kept
other on of
where s and
s not
(see
5
SU
5.2.4.2
5.2.4.3
5.2.4.4
5.2.4.5
5.2.4.6
.2.5 EMER
5.2.5.1
5.2.5.2
RFACE MOV
2 Considthat arecan be bars orASMP,numbeshould
3 This mhoweveprocedaerodroeasily ipromptequipmgory IIIaircraft out in 5proced
4 The pofrom aeinitially m/200 of weaimplem
5 When tthe approced
6 The abThe actake acat seve
RGENCY PRO
1 An essvisibilityto respspecificestablisvisibilityamong provideaction comma
2 Sectionin geneand at vimmedibrake fATC antherefobe awaaccuratand/or
VEMENT GUI
eration shoule not essentiaachieved by
r by physical Chapter 7. Ar of routes forbe identified,
anual defineser, it will be nures at a mome operatiodentified with
ting the quitement are only
landings. At may be able
5.1.3 above iures at such
oint at which lerodrome to a
be related tft) in a worseather deterio
ment the extra
the low visibipropriate autures and, wh
ove is intendectual proceduccount of locaeral airports e
OCEDURES:
sential factor y operations
pond quickly tcations for thshed aerodroy it can be athe first to k
e the RFF seto safeguard
and post.
n 4.7 — Emeeral terms thevisibilities beliately aware fire, unless dend a report, i
ore that thoseare of their tely and are the RFF serv
DANCE AND
d also be giveal for entranctaxi-holding
closure usinAlso, where pr taxiing to an, marked and
s visibility connecessary for much higher n. The figure
h the top limite unwarrantey necessary a
aerodromes e to take off int will be neceaerodromes a
ow visibility paerodrome deto a specific
ening weatheroration and
measures.
lity procedurethority to conen necessary
ed as a guideures developeal conditions. xperienced in
that must beis the ability oto an emergee provision o
ome emergenassumed thatknow of it, aervice with th other traffic
rgency procee action to be low the limits that an incid
etected on bof any, will co
e personnel presponsibilitiewell versed i
vice.
D CONTROL
en to the closce to or exit frposition lights
ng the unservpossible, thernd from the ru
published for
ndition 3 as "vthe appropriaRVR value
of 400 m RVt of Category ed belief thatat aerodromenot equipped
n visibility lesessary to intras well.
procedures shepending on lc RVR/cloud r situation andthe amount
es are implemntinuously rey, to amend o
eline in establed for a partExamples of
n such operat
e addressed of the rescueency situationof RFF faciliticy plan in wht ATC will eitnd that they
he accident loand maintai
edures, in Chataken by ATCof ATC visua
dent/accident oard the aircrame from som
permitted to oes in reportinn the correct
SYSTEMS (S
sure of runwarom the partics, traffic contviceability mare should be unway in low vr the use of a
visibility less tate authority te dependent VR has the aIII but has th
t low visibilityes capable ofd for landing s than 400 moduce specif
hould be impocal conditionbase measu
d will be depeof lead tim
mented, it willeview the effor update the
ishing low visticular aerodrlow visibility ions are show
prior to the ine and fire fighn. ASMP, Ches and the re
hich ATC are ther observe will initiate e
ocation and n contact wit
apter 4 of thisC, but in low val surveillance
has occurredaft, is not likelme other souroperate on thng such incidt method of n
SMGCS) PAK
y access taxicular runway.rol lights, red
arkers specifia limitation ovisibility and tircraft operato
than 400 m Rto provide sp
on the typdvantage of b
he disadvantay proceduresf sustaining Cin such cond
m RVR. As poic safeguards
lemented willns. This pointurement (e.g.endent on theme necessar
l be necessafectiveness oprocedures.
sibility procedrome will neeprocedures in
wn in Append
ntroduction oting service (
hapter 9 giveequirement foinvolved. In an incident o
emergency acaircraft type, th the emerg
s manual, outvisibility conde, ATC may nd. For instanly to be noticerce. It is impoe movement dents quicklynotification to
KISTAN
ways . This d stop ed in n the these ors.
RVR"; pecific pe of being
age in s and Cate-itions
ointed s and
l vary t may . 800 e rate ry to
ry for of the
dures. ed to n use ix B.
of low (RFF) s the or an good or be ction, take
gency
tlines itions
not be ce, a ed by ortant area
y and ATC
SU
5.2.5.3
5.2.5.4
5.2.5.5
5.2.5.6
5.2.5.7
RFACE MOV
3 Sometimay neis no swould doubt aimperaton the might panalysireluctan
4 Once eresult oscene addition
5.2.5.4
5.2.5.4
5.2.5.4
5.2.5.4
5.2.5.4
5 All the speed expectefalls beaffect trandomtime in is to reaerodrodistancany spintervenseriousof RFFstages
6 The sethe aerthat RFmarkingterrain.obstrucroute toprovideoccurreradar (S
7 The uswith theRFF veprovideability tidentifythe RF
VEMENT GUI
mes the infoeed to verify timple clearly be wrong if arose but, on tive. Responsspot and the
prompt him tos, there wasnce to call for
emergency acof reduced vis
of an incidnal safety haz
.1 the loca
.2 the aero
.3 the natuimmedia
.4 the RFF
.5 vehicle
above are peand route t
ed that vehicelow 200 m wthe RFF resp
m and as manlow visibility
edeploy the Rome to ensuce from RFF eed loss andntion may pr
s. In the evenF vehicles as
by the more
lection of therodrome and tFF personnel gs and easi It is also im
ctions such ao an incident.e a clearly dence area anSMR).
se of SMR se location of ehicles and oes a most posto display all y the precise F services. It
DANCE AND
ormation recethat an incide
defined opethe crash alathe other han
sibility for there should be o "wait and ss a degree r RFF suppor
ction is initiatsibility. The prent/accident zards. The fac
ation of the RF
odrome layou
ure of the terrate vicinity of
F vehicle capa
speed.
ertinent to noto an incidencle speed wilwhen the neeponse time. Sny aerodromemay prove to
RFF vehicles re that no insupport. The
d is particularrevent a min
nt of a major aa result of r
rapid interven
e shortest routthe deploymemust be ver
ly identifiablemportant that as works and ATC may beefined route,nd, where av
implifies the an incident a
other traffic. Tsitive responsactivity on thlocation of sis important
D CONTROL
eived may beent has occurrrational procearm was initind the time se final decisiono operation
see" and equof "over re
rt.
ted, a numberimary need is
as quickly ctors that affe
FF vehicles;
t;
rain adjacent the aerodrom
abilities (e.g.
ormal RFF opnt/accident cl be significa
ed to reduce Since the locaes have only o be excessive
at two or mncident occurse reduction inrly important nor incident eaccident the oedeployment ntion of a sma
te will be depent of RFF very familiar wite landmarks
they are kemaintenance
e able to assis or by re-ro
vailable, by t
solution to thand the subseThe scatteringse on modernhe aerodromeurface traffic that, where th
SYSTEMS (S
e limited or cored and also edure to suit ated on eveaved in the re
on must rest nal or commeually no criticaction". The
er of other pros to get the Ras possible
ect this respo
to the pavedme;
cross-country
peration but ican become antly reduced
speed to avoation of an inone RFF state. A method oore dispersas at more thn distance wiin the case oescalating toover-all loss is probably
aller RFF forc
pendent uponehicles. It is oh the aerodrotogether wit
pt fully informe that may afst by switchinuting other tthe use of s
he many proequent guidang of debris inn high definitie surface ena
and provide his facility is a
SMGCS) PAK
onfused and its location. Tevery situati
ry occasion weal event couwith the contrcial pressure
cism if, in there should b
oblems arise RFF services t
without crense time are:
d areas and i
y); and
n low visibilitcritical. It is
until the visoid collisionsncident/accidetion, the respof overcomingl points abouan an accepill compensatof fire where o something of a concentroffset in the
ce.
n the geograpbviously impoome layout, sth the assocmed of tempffect the choi
ng taxiway lighraffic clear o
surface move
oblems assocnce and cont
n a major accon radars an
ables controllethe best rout
available, the
KISTAN
ATC There on. It when
uld be troller e that e final e no
as a to the eating
n the
ty the s not sibility may ent is ponse g this ut the ptable te for rapid more ration early
phy of ortant signs, ciated porary ce of hts to of the ement
ciated trol of cident d the
ers to te for
e RFF
5
SU
5.2.5.8
.2.6 SUMM
5.2.6.1
5.2.6.2
5.2.6.3
5.2.6.4
5.2.6.5
5.2.6.6
5.2.6.7
5.2.6.8
5.2.6.9
RFACE MOV
and ATboth pr
8 When vehiclenavigatfrom a thermavehiclepersonlow visthese c
MARY:
1 Before associa
5.2.6.1
5.2.6.1
5.2.6.1
5.2.6.1
2 If the d
3 establis
4 compleaerodro
5 provide
6 provide
7 provideimplem
8 assess
9 provide
VEMENT GUI
TC services croficient in this
SMR and/or guidance, ittion equipmenrelatively siml image intens. But whatenel are fully ibility and are
conditions pre
embarking oation with the
.1 incidenc
.2 volume
.3 assessm
.4 justificat
ecision is ma
sh the lowest
ete a compreome moveme
e any addition
e for more com
e specific low mentation poin
s the RFF dep
e appropriate
DANCE AND
carry out regus use of the e
r sophisticatet may be nent on board th
mple beacon hsifiers or area
ever the standtrained in all
e given opporevail.
on low visibiuser operato
ce of low visib
of traffic e
ment of curren
tion for such o
ade to proceed
RVR at whic
ehensive safent area and i
nal and/or mo
mprehensive
visibility procnt;
ployment and
training and q
D CONTROL
ular training eequipment.
ed lighting scessary to che RFF vehichoming devica navigation sdard of equipthe problem
rtunities to ca
lity operationors will need to
bility condition
expected to
nt needs and
operations.
d the appropr
h the aerodro
fety and sects operations
re reliable gro
control of gro
cedures and
response tim
qualification o
SYSTEMS (S
exercises in o
systems are consider the cles. This equce through to systems recepment, it is e
ms associatedrry out realist
ns, the aerodo ascertain th
ns;
operate in
equipment; a
riate authority
ome intends t
curity assessm;
ound aids and
ound traffic;
regulations w
me; and
of relevant pe
SMGCS) PAK
order that the
not availableprovision of
uipment couldmore complic
ently developeessential that d with operatitic exercises w
drome authorhe:
such conditio
and
y will need to:
o operate;
ment of the
d equipment;
with an approp
ersonnel.
KISTAN
y are
e for extra
d vary cated ed for
RFF ng in when
rity in
ons;
total
priate
6.1 G
6
6
6.2 P
6
6
SU
GENERAL
.1.1 High texpectmovemmeet t
6.1.1.1
6.1.1.2
6.1.1.3
.1.2 While significmoveminformthe prMore chigh trgives conditi
PLANNING
.2.1 Chapteimprovtraffic often iof item
6.2.1.1
6.2.1.2
6.2.1.3
6.2.1.4
6.2.1.5
6.2.1.6
6.2.1.7
6.2.1.8
.2.2 GuidanChaptehigh trecomlayout,
RFACE MOV
HIGH TR
traffic volumeted to becomment guidancthe following m
1 protectpedest
2 maintenand runfacilitie
3 reduce
the facilities cant level of ment guidancation on thos
resent chaptecomplete inforaffic volumeguidance onions.
AND SIMU
er 2 of thisvement of anvolume operanvolving an i
ms requiring c
1 alternat
2 taxiway
3 alternat
4 ATC pr
5 automa
6 termina
7 gate/sta
8 contingsnow re
nce material er 3 and in Araffic volumemended. Its , facilities and
VEMENT GUI
Ch
RAFFIC V
e operations me so at many
e and controlmajor objectiv
ion of activerian traffic;
nance of efficnways, but as; and
conflicts betw
and proceduinvestment,
ce and controse common-per they are mormation is pr operations a
n selecting S
ULATION
s manual, Sn existing SMations emphan-depth analyonsideration
tive runway c
y system desi
tive runway a
rocedures and
ation aids ava
al layout and g
and holding p
gency provisioemoval, etc.).
on a simulatioAppendix D. Ie operations,objectives sh
d procedures
DANCE AND
hapter 6
VOLUME O
are a fact y others. Thel (SMGC) sysves:
e runways f
cient traffic flalso between
ween the airc
res required fthe majority
ol system despurpose itemsmerely notedovided on facand attention
SMGC system
Section 2.6, MGC system, asize the impoysis of the recould include
configurations
ign and/or im
assignment pr
d separation
ailable to the v
gate/stand al
provisions and
ons and proce.
on model andIn the specifi simulation chould clearly to alleviate o
D CONTROL
OPERAT
of life at maey place signistem and requ
rom incursio
ows, principaother areas,
craft, vehicula
for a high tray of them arsigned for lows is given els, with cross-cilities and pron is drawn tom aids for o
gives guidaand on the
ortance of theeal time traffice:
s;
provements;
rocedures;
requirements
various comp
location;
d procedures
edures (accid
d techniquesc context of can make a include the
r prevent traff
SYSTEMS (S
IONS
any aerodromficant demanuire facilities a
ns by aircra
ally between e.g. aprons
r and pedestr
affic volume ore also essenw visibility opsewhere in threferences wocedures con
o Chapter 2, operations un
ance on thedesigning of e associated c situation. A
s;
ponents of the
; and
dents, aerodro
for such an aplanning an Svaluable co
design of opfic flow imped
SMGCS) PAK
mes, and cands on the suand procedur
aft, vehicular
terminal buildand mainten
rian traffic.
operation call ntial to a su
perations. Dethis manual, awhere appropnsidered uniq
Table 2-2, wnder heavy t
e evaluation a new one. planning prorepresentativ
e SMGC syste
ome maintena
analysis is givSMGC system
ontribution, antimum aerod
diments.
KISTAN
an be urface res to
r and
dings nance
for a urface tailed nd in
priate. ue to
which traffic
and High cess, ve list
em;
ance,
ven in m for nd is rome
6
6.3 R
6
6
6.4 S
6
6
SU
.2.3 Planni
6.2.3.1
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.3
6.2.3.4
RUNWAY P
.3.1 Guidangiven measu
6.3.1.1
6.3.1.2
.3.2 High tChapteknownand focommfollowi
STANDARD
.4.1 The ovenableinterve
.4.2 InformDRANmattercan be
6.4.2.1
6.4.2.2
6.4.2.3
RFACE MOV
ng objectives
1 provisiocrossintraffic)
2 maximuconnec
3 provisiowhich traffic to
4 provisio
PROTECTIO
nce material in Chapter 7
ure protection
1 provisioto pilotinforma
2 particulrunway
traffic volumeer 7. They d
n to result froor that reasoents on aerng sections o
D TAXI-RO
ver-all objecte traffic to be ention and the
mation on the e-1.0, Chapte
rs of particulae summarized
1 a positiincreas
2 such roChapte
3 signs tmateria
6.4.2.3
6.4.2.3
6.4.2.3
VEMENT GUI
s for high traff
on of taxi-rong points betwconsistent wi
um use of oction with the
on, so far as has no needo/from mainte
on of adequat
ON
on the criticof this manu
n depends on:
on of sufficients and vehication and with
lar attention ys at all points
e operations do, however, om accidentalon add emprodrome surfof this chapter
UTES AND
tive of establas self-regul
e consequent
establishmenr 2 and in Char importanced as:
ive requiremeses, as indica
outes to be er 5 specificat
to reflect theal given in Ap
.1 to be un
.2 to be sethe stanreceive designafurther R
.3 to be locheight
DANCE AND
fic volume ope
outes with thween aircraft,th projected t
one way taxstandard taxi
practical, of d to use the enance, cargo
te RTF faciliti
ally importanual, and stres:
nt visual inforcle drivers, ah the associat
to the clear s of access (s
add no speincrease the
l entry, mistahasis to the face markingr.
D CHARTS
lishment and lating as posst volume of RT
nt of standardhapter 3 of the to an SMGC
ent for standated in Chapte
well identifietions for taxiw
e provisions pendix A to th
niform through
elf-evident (undard taxi-rou
taxiing cleaator and to prRTF commun
cated with duof the cockp
D CONTROL
erations shou
he minimum , or aircraft atraffic needs;
xiways and c-routes discu
separate sermanoeuvring
o and catering
es.
nt matter of rss is laid on
rmation (signsall of whom mted procedure
and unambisee especially
cific requireme probability aken routes a
recommendgs, signs, lig
promulgatiosible, thus miTF communic
taxi-routes fohis manual. SC system for
ard taxi-routeser 2, Table 2-3
ed and lighteway marking a
of ASMP, Chis manual, a
hout the aero
nambiguous)ute to be follarance exprroceed to thenications;
ue regard to thpit above gr
SYSTEMS (S
uld also includ
number of nd vehicular
circular routessed in Secti
rvice roads fog area (inclug areas); and
runway protecthe fact that
s, surface mamust be cones; and
iguous markiy Chapter 7, S
ments to thosof runway in
and misunderdations in Chghting and p
n of standardinimizing the cations.
or aircraft is gSupplementing
high traffic v
s as surface m3;
ed in accordaand lighting;
Chapter 5, aand specificall
drome;
and simple, owed, and p
ressed in tee limit of that
he speed of tround, and t
SMGCS) PAK
de:
intersectionsand/or pedes
es, particularon 6.4 below
or vehicular tding some o
ction measurin very signif
arkings and linversant with
ing of operatSection 7.4).
se enumeratencursions tharstood clearanhapter 7 andprocedures in
d taxi-routes amount of co
given in ANOg that informavolume opera
movement vo
ance with AS
and the additly:
clearly identpermitting piloerms of a clearance wi
taxiing aircrafthe need to
KISTAN
(i.e. strian
rly in ;
traffic of the
res is ficant
ights) h that
tional
ed in at are nces, d the n the
is to ontrol
-002-ation, ations
olume
SMP,
tional
ifying ots to route ithout
ft, the give
6
6.5 G
6
6
6.6 A
6
6.7 S
6
SU
.4.3 The ICthe aeAn aerinternaand techart standaessentinitiate
GROUND C
.5.1 The hirequiregiven arrivingthat pincreas
.5.2 Experienhaneach orequirevolume
AIRCRAFT
.6.1 In therecom
6.6.1.1
6.6.1.2
SPECIAL E
.7.1 GuidanChapteindicatatmoscontro
RFACE MOV
6.4.2.3
CAO Standarderodrome charodrome charational commerminal facilitiis also requ
ard taxi-routetial. As indica
e amendment
CONTROL O
igh traffic vole use of moreto the assigng and depart
potentially cosing the safet
ience gained ced when th
other. When sement for cloe operations w
STAND AL
e context of mended to as
1 provisioaircraft
2 provisioSuch barrivals
QUIPMENT
nce material er 4. Its requted in Chaptpheric conditllers to monit
VEMENT GUI
informatnecessa
.4 to ensuaircraft e
ds and Recomart and the grrt — ICAO wiercial air tranies make theired. In the es, charts mated in Chaps of the chart
ORGANIZA
ume operatioe than one Rnment of sucting aircraft. Anflicting aircrty factor and
in the co-orde coordinatin
several controse physical pwhere safety
LLOCATIO
highest trafssist traffic flo
on of informastand that ha
on of suitablybays can helps or departure
T
on the role ouirement in hter 2, Table ions, buildingor parts of the
DANCE AND
tion to pilots ary with that o
ure adequateentering a on
mmended Praround movemill need to be
nsport. Wheree aerodrome
present contmeeting the pter 2, Tablets as necessa
ATION AND
ons being addRTF frequencch frequencieAssignment oraft are guarminimizing th
ination of airbng controllersollers are invoproximity shois dependent
ON AND HO
ffic volume oow between m
ation to pilotas been assig
y located holdp to avoid or es occur.
of aerodrome igh traffic vol2-2. SMR c
gs or the sizee taxi way co
D CONTROL
in sufficient tion the aerodro
e protection e-way route i
actices coveriment chart are
made availae the complexchart inadequtext of high requirements 2-3, the ae
ary.
D RTF FRE
dressed in thcy. It is recoms on an "are
on an area brding a com
he need for co
borne traffic hs are located olved in surfauld be addrest on rapid co-
OLDING
operations twmanoeuvring a
ts at the eagned to their a
ding bays as reduce cong
surface movlume operatiocan be partic of the area implex by visu
SYSTEMS (S
me for it to bome chart; an
against the in the wrong d
ng the provise given in ANable for all aexity of the mouate then a gtraffic volum
s of ANO-00rodrome auth
EQUENCIE
his chapter wimmended thatea basis", ratasis will in mmon frequen
ontroller interv
has demonstrin close phy
ace traffic movssed, particu-ordination.
wo measuresand apron are
rliest appropaircraft;
specified in Agestion when
vement radar ons is here ccularly usefuinvolved makual means.
SMGCS) PAK
e correlated wnd
possibility odirection.
sion and conteNO-008-DRAN
rodromes usevement area,ground movee operations08-DRAN-1.1hority should
S
ill in all probat consideratioher than betw
most cases enncy, thereby vention.
rated that safysical proximvements the slarly in high t
s are particueas:
riate time on
ASMP, Chapt delays in ai
(SMR) is givconfirmed, asl when darkn
ke it impossib
KISTAN
when
of an
ent of N-1.1. ed by , aids
ement s and
are also
ability on be ween nsure
both
ety is ity to same traffic
ularly
n the
ter 3. rcraft
ven in s also ness, le for
7.1 IN
7
7
7.2 T
7
7
7
SU
NTRODUC
.1.1 The prfundamessentrecognManuaRunwaconsid
.1.2 This cequipmagencto notpredomincidenprotec
THE OPERA
.2.1 The fumovemon, anfrom ais at itcertain
.2.2 The avaerodrrate. T
7.2.2.1
7.2.2.2
.2.3 In praMainteaerodrthe runto timithere cupon elayout followsmanoement fauthor
RFACE MOV
RUNWA
TION
rotection of amental part otial to the sanized in ANOal, Part 4, Visay protection deration to this
chapter outlinement that canies to check te that for minantly for tnts have em
ction procedur
ATIONAL P
unction of a rment and fromnd in close prany obstacle dts most vulnen of destructio
verage runwarome. Conseq
This and the n
1 so far landing
2 landingamount
ctice, it is noenance and romes certainnway and its ng and other can be no phevery pilot aand complyin
s that the eeuvring area for adequaterized to opera
VEMENT GUI
Ch
AY PROT
a runway fromof a surface mafe and effic
O-002-DRAN-ual Aids, the involves ma
s subject is g
es the operan be used by and, if necesoperations i
the landing pmphasized theres regardless
PROBLEM
unway is to pm surface moroximity to, thduring landingerable and is on if a high sp
ay occupancyquently in busneed for safet
as possible g and departin
g and departt of time.
ot possible toservice veh
n vehicles anenvirons musconsideratioysical barrier
and driver opng with aerodessential basof all vehicle
e knowledge, ate on the are
DANCE AND
hapter 7
TECTION
m unauthorizemovement gucient operatio1.0, ASMP, tsubject is not
any disciplinesiven in this m
tional problemthe appropri
sary, enhancin low visib
phase of flighe need for as of specific v
provide for thovement to fhe runway sug and take-off
virtually incapeed collision
y time is the sy periods they requires the
the runway mng aircraft; an
ing aircraft m
o reserve a hicles will ned taxiing or tst be under thns which, in p
r to the runwaperating on thdrome procedsis of runwas that have ncompetence
ea.
D CONTROL
MEASUR
ed entry by peuidance and con of an aerthe PANS-RAt fully addresss and its imp
manual.
m and gives iate aerodromce their operaility, ICAO g
ht and take leaviation authovisibility const
he transition oflight. This enurface and def. It is in theseapable of takoccurs with a
ultimate deteere is pressure following ba
must be resend
must occupy
runway soleleed access towing aircrafhe control of tperiods of higay or manoeuhe area beindures, signs, say protectionno right or nee and discipl
SYSTEMS (S
RES
ersons, vehiccontrol (SMGrodrome. AlthAC and the Ased in any of portance is s
some protecme and air traating proceduguidance aness account oorities to revtraints.
of aircraft fromntails movemeemands that te stages of fliing any avoidany obstacle
erminant of tre to maintainasic philosoph
erved for the
the runway
y for the opeto the runw
ft will need tothe ATC servigh demand, cuvring area ang familiar wisignals and An is the exeed to be theine on the p
SMGCS) PAK
cles or aircrafGC) system ahough this faAerodrome De
these documuch that sep
ction methodsaffic control (Ares. It is impo
nd regulationof takeoff. Ceview their ru
m flight to suent at high sthe runway isght that an aiding action aof significant
the capacity on a high traffichy of operatio
e exclusive us
for the mini
eration of airway and at o cross. Acceice and be sucan be criticand safety depth the aerod
ATC instructioxclusion fromere, and a reqpart of those
KISTAN
ft is a and is act is esign
ments. arate
s and ATC) ortant n are ertain nway
urface speed s free rcraft
and is size.
of an c flow n:
se of
imum
rcraft. most
ess to ubject l. But
pends rome
ons. It m the quire-
duly
7.3 P
7
7.4 A
7
7
7.5 M
7
7
SU
PROTECTIO
.3.1 Apart outside
7.3.1.1
7.3.1.2
7.3.1.3
Note=
ACCIDENTA
.4.1 The mand shmore tsince meaniparticuaerodrmeasuaccess
.4.2 Anothemovemhas nochargebe famprovisiof mistAppen
MISTAKEN
.5.1 An aeoperatfamiliaaircrafcontribObvioumade,
.5.2 A misfrustramovemor at nunauth(SMR)aerodrrunwayPermacan bebe sompositiothese
RFACE MOV
ON MEASU
from delibee the scope o
1 Accidenand som
2 Mistakeor vehic
3 Misundvehiclehas bee
= Each of the a
AL ENTRY
movement arehould be provthan the runwit will keep ongless. Compularly where trome employured against ts to the move
er aspect of tment area, e.go clearance. e of vehicles miliar with alion of positivetakes occurrin
ndix E.
ROUTE
rodrome cantion and topoar landmarks,ft type or vehibute to mistakusly, the bette but at many
s-routing confation but rarement on to annight this canhorized entry) it is not fearome. Protecty being clea
anent markinge used as a tame other pos
on lights fulfill to be provide
VEMENT GUI
URES
erate intrusiof this docum
ntal entry to mehow enter
en entry resucle cleared to
derstood clear whose operen received.
above may b
Y
ea must be fevided with co
way itself, it is out the driverplete protectiotaxiway extenees, tradesmthe high prob
ement area, th
the same prog. the apron, To precludeauthorized tol surface mae ground movng to a minim
be a very cography. Cha, use of a raicle, i.e. a diffkes being maer the taxiwaylarge aerodro
fined to taxily causes a n operational happen with
y to a runwaysible to monition from this arly and unmg as a runwayaxi route and sitive methodthis function.
ed in conjunc
DANCE AND
ion on to a ment, there ar
the runway bred the manoe
lting in an unao move on the
rance resultinrator believes
e considered
enced or otheontrolled entry
the first and r to whom mon can be ex
nsions to mainmen, aerodrombability that if hen sooner or
oblem is whenmistakenly st accidental e
o enter the moarkings, signsvement rules
mum. Guidanc
confusing placnges in visibarely employferent viewingade in locatioy system is momes errors o
iways can cmajor incidenrunway. It m
hout the ATC y has taken itor continuoutype of encro
mistakably may may not be entered witho
d of indicatin. Stop bars alction with a p
D CONTROL
runway for re three types
by a vehicle euvring area;
authorized ene manoeuvrin
ng in an entrys, mistakenly,
d separately.
erwise protecty points. Althomost importa
movement arexpensive and ntenance areme contractoit is feasible
r later one wil
n a vehicle, wtrays onto theentry, a thoroovement areas and lights.and regulatio
ce on the app
ce, even to tbility or light iyed taxiway og aspect fromon identificatiomarked, the leof this kind ca
ause disruptnt; the dange
must be recogcontroller beplace. Even
usly every auoachment muarked as sucsufficient bec
out special cleg that a runwso protect a r
precision appr
SYSTEMS (S
unlawful purps of encroach
whose driver
ntry to the rung area; and
y to the runwa, that the nec
ted against uough such a nt method of
ea signs and sometimes d
eas cross mairs, etc. but thfor an extern
ll appear on t
which is authoe manoeuvrinough briefing a is necessar Mistakes mons should relication of suc
those who arntensity, the or runway, e
m cockpit or don and directess likely that
an and do occ
tion, delays er comes withnized that in
eing immediatwith surface
uthorized movust rest solely ch from any cause non-opearance. Theway is activerunway, and iroach runway
SMGCS) PAK
poses, whichhment:
r has lost his
nway by an ai
ay by an aircrcessary clear
nauthorized efence protecrunway protesignals wou
difficult to achin traffic routehe cost has tnal vehicle tohe runway.
orized to enteng area for wh
of all persory and they sh
may occur bueduce the chach rules is giv
re familiar widisappearan
even a changriving seat, cation of movemt a mistake w
cur.
and consideh an unauthorestricted vistely aware th
e movement vement on a on an operatpoint of ac
perational runerefore, there e and taxi-hoit is a Standay Category II
KISTAN
falls
s way
rcraft
raft or rance
entry, ts far
ection ld be
hieve, es for to be
o gain
er the hich it ns in hould
ut the ances ven in
th its ce of ge of an all ment.
will be
erable orized sibility at an radar busy
tional cess. ways must
olding rd for I and
7.6 M
7
7
7
7
7.7 R
7
7
SU
considrunwaystill abmust operat
MISUNDER
.6.1 This isand is to enteprobleon thedriver togethresult to help
.6.2 Until taircrafmisintecommthe prenterin
.6.3 For mspeciaphraseinternaentry o
7.6.3.1
7.6.3.2
7.6.3.3
7.6.3.4
It woulbeing to che
.6.4 The mmay rebe assand th
RUNWAY P
.7.1 The bprocedconversystema subs
.7.2 The prpilots confor
RFACE MOV
deration is noys Category
ble to depart give special tional runway
RSTOOD CL
s probably thealso the mos
er a runway m is compou
e frequency cand pilot maer with the pin a misinterp
p what is alrea
the developmft/vehicles onerpretation wunication metocedures useng an operatio
many years thal attention sheologies andational basis.of a runway a
1 careleswhose assume
2 talking
3 superflupositive
4 use of one air
ld add significquite sure thack with ATC r
most effective esult in an ensociated with e switching o
PROTECTIO
basic philosodures with alrsant with the
m that maintastitute for this
rimary methoand drivers t
rm with the r
VEMENT GUI
ow being givII. At aerodroin reduced viattention tois adequately
LEARANC
e most commst difficult to p
then, unlessunded by the an hear the i
ay be using apressures asspretation of wady a possibly
ment of discren the aerodrwill remain. thods must bed should beonal runway w
he value of hould be give
d terms used Other faultsre:
ss use of a qufacility for
es;
too quickly;
uous remarkse contribution
abbreviationscraft or vehic
cantly to safetat such a clearegardless of
way of reduncroachment
an appropriaon and off of ta
ON METHO
phy of runwl traffic confo
ese rules and ins the highesbasic philoso
d of protectiothat they are
recognized pr
DANCE AND
en to extendomes without isibility condit
o their signs,y marked.
E
on cause of uprevent. If a ps there is soradiotelephon
instructions tha language wsociated withhat is said. Thy confused si
ete data tranrome surfaceIt follows th
be such to rede such that twithout cleara
standard RTen to the Mad conform ts in RTF com
ualified clearaaircraft reco
s, particularly to a situation
s, especially le.
ty if no driver arance applied
how busy the
cing the posson to an ope
ate visual sigaxiway centre
ODS AND E
way protectioorming to recthe appropria
st standards ophy.
on must be the approachingrocedures. Th
D CONTROL
ding the applCategory II otions and the, lights and
unauthorized pilot or driver ome obvious ne (RTF) brohat are passe
which is not n a busy envihe similarity oituation.
nsfer betweene, the possiat in the induce the likelihey will not
ance.
TF phraseoloanual of Radito those thammunication
ance, e.g. "crognition may
of protest or n; and
call signs, w
or pilot wouldd to him, and e situation ma
sibility of a merational runwgnal such as e line lights, b
EQUIPMEN
on must be cognized ruleate authoritiespossible. The
e provision ofg an active rhis visual inf
SYSTEMS (S
icability to por III approachrefore the aemarkings to
entry to an obelieves thatdanger, he
oadcast systeed. The fact tecessarily thironment, areof many call s
n the controlibility of misterests of ruihood of misuresult in an
ogy has beeniotelephony t
at have beethat can lead
ross after thebe less th
criticism, wh
which could a
d move on a cin the event
ay appear to b
misunderstoodway is for verthe switching
beyond the sto
NT
the use of es. All persons should esta
ere is no equi
f sufficient visrunway in orformation in t
SMGCS) PAK
recision apprh aids, aircraf
erodrome autho ensure tha
operational rut he has clearwill proceed.m where all tthat the contreir mother to
e all factors wsigns does no
ller and indivsunderstandinunway protecunderstandingaircraft or ve
n recognizedto ensure than agreed od to unautho
e B727" to a dan the cont
ich do not ma
pply to more
clearance witof any uncertbe.
d clearance wrbal instructiog off of a stopop bar.
proven and nnel must beablish a monitpment that ca
sual informatirder that theythe form of s
KISTAN
roach ft are hority t the
nway rance . The those roller, ongue which othing
vidual ng or ction, g and ehicle
d and at the n an
orized
driver troller
ake a
than
hout tainty
which ons to p bar
safe e fully toring an be
ion to y can signs,
7.8 S
7
7
7
7
7.9 N
7
7
SU
surfacvisual increas
SURFACE M
.8.1 Chaptecontro
7.8.1.1
7.8.1.2
7.8.1.3
.8.2 SIGNS
7.8.2.1
7.8.2.2
7.8.2.3
7.8.2.4
.8.3 Details5. It mand thapproa
.8.4 ASMPas runpresenIII, buapproaholdingare a vin all vswitchrequire
NON-VISUA
.9.1 The pcapacivisual the moenvirooffer th
7.9.1.1
7.9.1.2
7.9.1.3
.9.2 RADA
7.9.2.1
RFACE MOV
e markings aelectronic d
se the risk of
MARKINGS
er 2 identifiesl. The followin
1 taxi-hol
2 stop ba
3 taxi-hol
S:
1 holding
2 taxiway
3 STOP
4 NO EN
s on the charust be recogn
hat some facach status are
P recommendnway protectint, these lightut consideratach Categoryg positions revery effectivevisibility condiable stop baement for pre
AL ELECTR
roblem of coity in reducedsurveillance.
ovement areans where a mhree basic for
1 the useand the
2 the usedivisionindicato
3 the userunway
AR SENSORS
1 The mvisual operati
VEMENT GUI
and lighting edetection equa possible in
S, SIGNS A
s the visual aing are for use
lding position
ars
lding position
g position
y/runway inte
NTRY
racteristics annized that the
cilities only ree useful in oth
s the provisioion lights) wts are only reion is beingy II runways. egardless of te and reasonaitions. A furthars as descrcision approa
RONIC PRO
ontinuing aerod visibility haMany of thes
a but can be more complerms of non-vis
e of radar see immediate t
e of linear sens or blocks or; and
e of small arey.
S:
ost widely ussurveillance on since the
DANCE AND
equipment canuipment whefringement of
AND LIGHT
ds that are ave as runway p
markings
lights
rsection
nd installatione application required whenher conditions
on of taxi- hohich consist ecommended given to reNevertheles
the runway tyably inexpens
her method ofibed in ASMach runways,
OTECTION
odrome operas led to the se systems hscaled down
ex SMGC syssual surveillan
ensors which axiways toge
ensors to monclose to the
a sensors to
sed and, to is surface mearly 1960s
D CONTROL
n be supporteere traffic def the runway.
TING
vailable for suprotection aid
n of these aidrequirements
n a runway hs.
olding positionof two altern for a precisiecommendings, the installaype should besive method of safeguarding
MP, Chapter Category III.
N EQUIPME
ration at an adevelopmen
have been deto cover just
stem cannot nce:
produce a faether with the
nitor the entryrunway, this
indicate the o
date, the momovement rad
. Ideally, this
SYSTEMS (S
ed by more sensity and a
urface movems:
ds are given igiven in ASM
has Category
n lights (somnate flashingion approach g their proviation of these seriously cof delineatingg a runway is5, which are
ENT
acceptable let of many te
esigned to mot the runway be justified.
acsimile dispoperating traf
ry and exit ofbeing displa
occupancy of
ost successfudar (SMR) w presents the
SMGCS) PAK
sophisticated airfield comp
ment guidance
in ASMP, ChMP are a mini
II or III prec
etimes referrg yellow light runway Cateision at prece lights at alonsidered as
g an active rus the installatie also a stan
evel of safetychniques for
onitor the whoand its immeThese techni
lay of the ruffic;
f traffic on deayed on a sui
sectors close
ul method of which has beee controller w
KISTAN
non-lexity
e and
apter imum cision
red to ts. At egory cision ll taxi
s they nway on of
ndard
y and non-
ole of ediate iques
nway
efined itable
e to a
non-en in
with a
7
7
7
SU
.9.3 LINEA
7.9.3.1
7.9.3.2
.9.4 SMAL
7.9.4.1
.9.5 SUMM
In orderespon
7.9.5.1
7.9.5.2
RFACE MOV
radar-dclearly blips. determtraffic, e
7.9.2.1
7.9.2.1
AR SENSORS
1 Magnetused focan bestrategmovemlimitingretrospdisplayincorpoautomaFrankfu
2 Electrois feasarea thdistribu
LL AREA SEN
1 These point. radars,combinprotect
MARY:
er to achieve nsible authorit
1 the moentry;
2 all entry
VEMENT GUI
derived plan odiscernible, wThis allows ine runway etc.
.1 The lateweathereffectiveelectrontheir ptechnoloradar indesigneof an ac
.2 Recent modulatalternatfor runwalready developsystemsa certaidata to t
S:
tic (Inductiveor road traffic e adapted foically placed
ment and this factor of ectively to a
y system coorating inductatic switchingurt Airport and
o-magnetic beible as a run
he size of a ution equipme
NSORS AND
can be usedMethods av magnetomet
nation of theion aid but m
a high degreeties must ens
ovement area
y points to the
DANCE AND
of the aerodrowith the traffithe controll
occupancy,
est developmr and atteeness of earlnics and displpredecessorsogy, which haformation, all
ed that producctive runway i
developmented continuive to SMR eway protectio
available foped for specifs will only detn amount of the controller
) Loop Detecdetection and
or use as aalong a taxi
s informationsuch a systa large aeroould be comtive loops, whg of stop barsd is an integra
eams — Elecnway protectiorunway could
ent.
TELEVISION
d to survey aailable includters, ultrason
e above metay prove to b
e of runway ssure that:
a is fenced o
e movement a
D CONTROL
ome surface ic, whether mer, by monitaxiway mov
ments of this eenuation prolier models aay techniques. In additioave the capabow for runwace an audio as intruded.
ts in millimeuous waveespecially whon. Portable or intruder dic use on an tect moving tacomputer as
r.
ctors — Inducd control for ma runway priway access
n can be distem is the
odrome whermplicated. Anhich are useds and taxiwaal part of the S
ctronic fencingon aid but ind prove to be
N:
a particular ade small tel
nic, infra-red, thods could
be complex an
safety, aerodr
r otherwise p
area are cont
SYSTEMS (S
with the runwmoving or staitoring a suvement, prog
equipment haoblems wh
and as a resus are significaon, advancebility of greatlay protection palarm when t
ter and FM ) radars may
here a systemL-Band FM
detection andaerodrome, b
argets and wilssistance to d
ctive loop detmany years arotection aidto a runway
splayed to thcost, espec
re the data n aerodromed for runway pay lights, has SMGC system
g using microndications aree expensive
rea such as levision camlasers and sprovide an
nd expensive
rome operato
protected aga
trolled:
SMGCS) PAK
ways and taxitionary, showitable display
gress of vehi
ave overcomich limited ult of advancantly cheaperes in comy enhancing programmes the protected
CW (frequy offer a chem is required
M CW radarsd these coulbut many of tll therefore redisplay contin
tectors have and such a sy. Inductive l
y will detect the controller. cially when transmission
e lighting syprotection anbeen installe
m.
owave technie that to covein basic and
a runway homeras, specia
eismic sensoeffective ru
.
rs and
ainst unautho
KISTAN
ways wn as y, to icular
e the the
ces in r than puter basic to be area
uency eaper only
s are d be these
equire nuous
been ystem loops traffic The fitted and
ystem d the ed at
iques er an data
olding alized ors. A nway
orized
SU
7.9.5.3
7.9.5.4
7.9.5.5
7.9.5.6
7.9.5.7
7.9.5.8
RFACE MOV
3 there isthose in
4 all taxiwmarked
5 an actitraffic;
6 all man
7 where visual scentre
8 where is madmovem
VEMENT GUI
s an adequatn charge of a
ways and road and lighted;
ive runway is
noeuvring are
possible, a vsignal, e.g. sline lights; an
visibility, aerode for non-viment radar (SM
DANCE AND
e level of knouthorized traf
ad systems ar
s clearly and
a traffic confo
verbal clearasuppression ond
odrome compisual electronMR).
D CONTROL
owledge, comffic on the mo
re adequately
d unmistakab
orms to recog
ance to enterof the stop b
plexity and tranic protection
SYSTEMS (S
mpetence andovement area
y and approp
ly marked as
gnized RTF pr
r a runway ibar and illum
affic density dn equipment
SMGCS) PAK
d discipline am;
riately signpo
s such to su
rocedures;
s confirmed ination of tax
demand, provsuch as su
KISTAN
mong
osted,
urface
by a xiway
vision urface
8.1 G
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
SU
GENERAL
.1.1 The aibut nomanagperson
.1.2 There develorequire
.1.3 Apron establioperat
8.1.3.1
8.1.3.2
8.1.3.3
.1.4 Generarea Hcontroaccordforminmust eaprons
.1.5 ASMPwarranmanag
.1.6 It is nconditimore cneeds
.1.7 The dairportconditineedetheir p
.1.8 Most abe an manoepart oftaxiwacompr
.1.9 Aerodrthe ac
RFACE MOV
APRO
r traffic controo specific instgement is reqnnel on the ap
are a varietoped and whements of the
managemenish a dedicational factors.
1 the traf
2 the com
3 the vismaintai
rally, it is not However, in vl at the expen
ding to condig to standardestablish rules. These rules
P, Chapter 9, nted by the gement and s
ot possible tions an aproncomplex the ato be, particu
ecision whett must rest wions under wd by individuarticular need
aerodromes warea set asid
euvring aircraf the moveme
ays forming prehensive apr
rome authorittivity on their
VEMENT GUI
Ch
ON MANA
ol service at atructions relatquired to regupron (ASMP,
ty of differenhich can, depe aerodrome.
nt is an essated apron They are:
ffic density;
mplexity of the
sibility conditin operations
practicable tvery poor visinse of capactions, safety d ground moes related tos should be c
recommendsvolume of
safety is given
o define at wn managemenapron layout ularly when ta
her or not toith the aerodrhich such a s
ual States to ds.
will already hde for the paraft stands. At ent area with npart of the laron managem
ties must therr apron areas
DANCE AND
hapter 8
AGEMENT
an aerodrometing to such a
ulate the activChapter 9).
t approachespending on t
sential task amanagement
e apron layou
tions under .
to exercise tobility conditioity. Within theand expediti
ovement ruleso the operatiocompatible wit
s that an aprtraffic and o
n in the Airpor
what levels ont service shothe more com
axiways are in
o provide an rome authoritservice shouldesign an ap
ave some forking of aircrathe other endnumerous noayout. A com
ment service in
refore consideto ensure the
D CONTROL
T SERVIC
e extends throa service cov
vities and mov
s to apron mthe particular
at any aerodt service is
ut; and
which the a
otal control ovons it may bee field of reasion depend us and regulaton of aircraftth those for th
ron managemoperating cort Services Ma
of traffic voluould be estabmprehensive ncluded in the
apron managty. If firm guidd be providedpron manage
rm of apron maft, with paintd of the scale se-in stands,
mplex apron ancluding radio
er what scopee safe and ef
SYSTEMS (S
CE
oughout the mver the apronvement of airc
management r condition, a
drome. Howedependent
aerodrome a
ver all traffic e necessary tsonable constupon aircraft tions. The apt and groundhe manoeuvri
ment service bonditions. Guanual, Part 8,
me and undeblished. Genean apron ma
e apron area.
gement servidelines were d it would rem
ement service
managementted lines to gthe apron arseveral term
area such aso communicat
e of managemfficient operat
SMGCS) PAK
manoeuvring n. Therefore acraft, vehicles
which have accommodate
ever, the neeupon three
authority plan
on the moveo exercise sutraint which vand vehicles
pron managed vehicles onng area.
be provided widance on a, Chapter 10.
er what opererally speakinanagement se
ice at a partigiven here o
move the flexe more suitab
t. This may suide pilots toea may be a inals and coms this will netion facilities.
ment is needetion of aircraf
KISTAN
area, apron s and
been e the
ed to main
ns to
ement uch a varies s con ement n the
when apron
rating g the
ervice
icular n the
xibility ble to
imply o self-
large mplex eed a
ed for ft and
8
8.2 W
8
8
8
SU
vehicleare co
.1.10 When followi
8.1.10
8.1.10
8.1.10
8.1.10
8.1.10
8.1.10
8.1.10
8.1.10
8.1.10
WHO OPER
.2.1 Apron up by coordi
.2.2 Some a trafresponapron represindicatthe beresponverbal and otarea. handorespon
.2.3 One fowith atraffic author
RFACE MOV
es in close pntemplated.
considering ng points sho
.1 Is the ato man
.2 What Rvehicletaxiway
.3 If apronvehiclebe prop
.4 Will theup, pusthe ATS
.5 How wwell ascontroll
.6 Who waprons
.7 What svehicle
.8 Are lowproced
.9 Are themergestands security
RATES THE
managementhe aerodromnated control
States have ffic managemnsibility for ai
and the msents the hanted on the groenefit of aircransibilities for
instructions ther apron acBy arrangemver point wnsibility.
orm of the coircraft requirinservice unit,
rity or the ope
VEMENT GUI
roximity. This
what scope ould be consid
apron area suage it?
RTF facilitiess, airline veys?
n managemes on the aproperly trained a
e apron manash back, taxi cS unit as an e
will the various on airside roled or uncont
will be respons?
size marshas), is required
w visibility opures need to
here proceduencies, snow
are nearly y?
E APRON M
nt services mame authority, between ATS
found that a ment control rcraft and veanoeuvring andover pointound and on aft/vehicle opmanaging anon an agreed
ctivities in ordent with the ill be given
oordinated apng start-up o and the conerator. At thes
DANCE AND
s is particular
of managemdered:
ufficiently larg
s do the stafehicles and,
nt staff are reon area to ensand licensed
agement servclearances, aelement of the
s airline servoads servingrolled, crossin
sible for insp
lling service,d to meet airc
perations conbe developed
ures to catew clearance,
all occupied
MANAGEM
ay be provideby the operatS and the aer
preferred sysprocedure
ehicles at a parea. Gener. In any eveappropriate c
perators. Thend coordinatid radio frequeer to advise aaerodrome Ato departin
pron managemr push-back ntrol of vehicse aerodrome
D CONTROL
rly important
ent may be n
ge, complex o
ff need to exif necessar
equired to exsure safe sepand their lega
vice issue its and stand alloe apron mana
vice vehicles aircraft stanng apron taxiw
pection, maint
, including lecraft parking n
ntemplated ad to ensure sa
er for contindiversion ai
d, maintenan
MENT SERV
ed by the air ttor in the casrodrome auth
stem of operain which a
pre-determineally, the edgent, the handcharts, for exae apron manaing all aircrafency, and maaircraft of potATS unit, starg aircraft w
ment service clearance oncles is the rees, ATS instr
SYSTEMS (S
where low v
needed on a
or busy to me
xercise contrry, over airc
xercise controparation, thenal authority cl
own instructocation or will agement serv
be regulatedds? Is there ways?
tenance and
eader van sneeds?
at the aerodrafety on the a
ngencies sucrcraft, flow ce work, sta
VICE?
traffic servicee of a compa
hority or opera
ating aprons hsingle unit
ed handover pge of the mdover point sample the aeagement unit ft traffic on tanaging all aptential hazardrt-up and tax
where the AT
is where radn the apron isesponsibility ructions to air
SMGCS) PAK
visibility opera
n apron area
rit a separate
ol over their craft using a
ol over aircrafn such staff shearly establis
ions such as these be give
vice?
d on the aproa need for ro
cleanliness o
service (follow
rome? If so apron area?
ch as accidcontrol whenand cleaning
unit, by a unany terminal, ating compan
has been to st takes overpoint betwee
manoeuvring should be crodrome chawill then ass
the apron, isspron vehicle ts within the a
xi clearance tTS unit assu
dio communics vested in thof the aerodrcraft are give
KISTAN
ations
a, the
e staff
own apron
ft and hould
shed.
start en by
on as oads,
of the
w-me
what
dents, n the and
nit set or by y.
set up r the n the area
learly rt, for sume suing traffic apron o the umes
cation he air rome en on
8
8.3 R
8
SU
the uncontro
.2.4 The acontromovemupdatiThe aairportaircrafalso be
RESPONSIB
.3.1 Whichclose The opco-opeauthor
8.3.1.1
8.3.1.2
8.3.1.3
8.3.1.4
8.3.1.5
8.3.1.6
RFACE MOV
derstanding tl is not includ
apron managel service an
ment informang basic infopron managet maintenanceft stand. A me provided.
BILITIES A
ever method liaison betweperational efferation. The rity;
1 AIRCROver-aaerodrosystemclearly aircraftshould guidanctaken tallocatitermina
2 AIRCRForeknactual the opeis passpossibl
3 STARTNormalservicewill neeATC uclearan
4 DISSE
5 A systeinformainformafacilitie
6 SECURIn addiwhich aincludethe sta
VEMENT GUI
that safe sepaded in the inst
ement servicnd is responation to aircraormation contiement service and that estarshalling se
AND FUNCT
of operating een the aerodficiency and sfollowing item
RAFT STANDll responsibiliome operator
m of preferredstate which
. Where conbe laid dow
ce on the stato achieve con may be d
al or apron are
RAFT ARRIVAowledge of is required b
erators. A syssed betweene.
T-UP CLEARAlly these are
e operates its ed to be estaunit to ensunces.
MINATION O
em should be ation betweeation could ins, snow clear
RITY ARRANtion to normaare of intereste contingencynd, bomb wa
DANCE AND
aration betwetruction.
ce maintains nsible for aaft operatorsinuously on a
ce should enstablished airc
ervice and a l
TIONS
an apron madrome authorisafety of the ms are of im
ALLOCATIOty for aircraft r although fod user stand
stands maynsidered desiwn. Apron m
and occupanccompliance welegated to aea.
AL/DEPARTUarrival and d
by ATS, aprostem should bn all interest
ANCES: given by theown radio coblished betwe
ure the effic
OF INFORMA
established ten apron mnclude notificarance plans a
NGEMENTS:al security arrt to many par
y plans for sucrnings and hij
D CONTROL
een the aircra
close commircraft stand
s by monitoraircraft arrivalsure that the
craft clearanceleader van (f
anagement seity, aircraft opsystem depe
mportance to
ON: stand allocatr operationals may be es
y be used birable, a prefmanagement cy times to bewith the rulesan airline whe
URE TIMES:departure timn manageme
be establishedted parties
e ATC unit. Wommunicationeen the aproncient co-ordin
ATION TO OP
to ensure the management, ation of work and low visibil
rangements trties who operch eventualitiejack threats.
SYSTEMS (S
aft and vehicle
munication wit allocation, ing ATC freql times, landine apron areae distances afollow-me veh
ervice is provperator and Aends very larboth ATS an
tion is norma conveniencestablished. Iny which aircferred order
staff shoulde permitted ans. The respoere that airline
mes scheduleent, terminal d to ensure thas quickly a
Where an apn on the apronn managemenation and
PERATORS:
efficient distrATS and
in progress, ity procedure
here are secrate on the apes as baggag
SMGCS) PAK
es not under
th the aeroddisseminatio
quencies, anngs and take is kept clea
are available ahicle) service
vided, the neeATS is paramrgely on this nd the aerod
ally retained be and efficiennstructions shcraft or group
of use of std be given nd the steps
onsibility for se has a dedic
ed, estimatedmanagement
hat this informand efficientl
pron managen area procednt service andelivery of
ribution of releoperators. non-availabils.
urity requirempron. These wge identificatio
KISTAN
radio
rome on of nd by e-offs. an by at the may
ed for mount.
close rome
by the ncy a hould ps of tands clear to be stand cated
d and t and
mation ly as
ement dures d the such
evant Such lity of
ments would on on
8
8
8.4 S
8
SU
8.3.1.7
8.3.1.8
.3.2 AIRCR
The apand thwhere paint mPart 4they aaccuraspecifiin the shouldinspec
.3.3 MARSAn aeguidanis requparkinwho haWherefor ma
8.3.3.1
8.3.3.2
8.3.3.3
8.3.3.4
8.3.3.5
8.3.3.6
SPECIAL P
.4.1 The sp
RFACE MOV
7 AVAILAThe rescon the mthe aprcommunincident
8 APRONThe aprby all pa
RAFT PARKI
pron guidancehe types of a
precise accumarkings. Gu. The apron mare maintaineate parking/doications in ASAerodrome D
d monitor thected at least w
SHALLING SEerodrome mance systems duired to avoig space. Propave demonstr
e aerodrome marshallers inclu
1 the absshould
2 the neeshall asof objestrike;
3 the circwhen w
4 the actaircraft spillage
5 the neewaistcoand
6 the acttractor
ROCEDUR
pecial proced
VEMENT GUI
ABILITY OF cue and fire fmovement arron area arenication systeoccurs in the
N DISCIPLINEron managemarties with reg
NG/DOCKIN
e system proircraft operaturacy is not reidance on apmanagement ed in a cleaocking is requSMP, ChapterDesign Manu
ese systems aweekly to main
ERVICE: arshalling sedo not exist od a safety hper training arated satisfacmarshalling isuding:
solute necesbe displayed
ed to ensure scertain that cts which the
cumstances inwing walkers a
ion to be takeand/or vehic
e;
ed to wear a oat variety co
tion to be takand signaling
RES FOR L
ures related t
DANCE AND
SAFETY SERfighting servicrea by ATS. e controlled em needs to e apron area o
E: ment service wgulations relat
G GUIDANC
ovided will deping on the apequired, will cpron markings
service shouan condition uired then oner 5 must be in
ual, Part 4, Cand associatntain high sta
ervice shouldor are unservihazard and toarrangementsctory competes provided, co
ssity for using at suitable p
that prior to the area with
e aircraft, in c
n which one are necessary
en in the evecle occurring
distinctive jalored day-glo
en when re-pg is necessary
LOW VISIB
to low visibility
D CONTROL
RVICES: ces (RFF) areHowever, at
by the apbe establish
of responsibil
will be responting to the apr
E SYSTEM:
pend upon thpron. The simcomprise stans is given in tuld monitor alto retain mae of the guidanstalled. Detahapter 12. Thted guidance andards of se
d be provideceable or wheo make the m should exist
ence should bomprehensive
g only authooints);
using the authin which an complying wit
marshaller my;
ent of an emeduring mars
acket at all timw red, reflect
positioning of y to close dow
ILITY CON
y conditions a
SYSTEMS (S
e normally aleaerodromes
pron managehed to alert tity.
nsible for ensron.
he accuracy omplest form ond identificatiothe Aerodroml paint markin
aximum visibance systemsails of these she apron malights to ens
rviceability.
ed where paere guidancemost efficientfor marshalle
be permitted te instructions
rized signals
thorized signaircraft is to th his signals
may be used a
ergency or incshalling, e.g.
mes. This jactive orange, o
f aircraft is to wn engines.
NDITIONS
are described
SMGCS) PAK
erted to an incwhere aircra
ement servicthe RFF whe
suring compli
of parking reqof stand guidaon and centre
me Design Mangs to ensureility. Where conforming tsystems are gnagement sesure that they
arking or do to aircraft pat use of avaers and only tto marshal airs should be w
s (copies of t
als the marshbe guided is s, might othe
and the occa
cident involvincollision, fire
cket can be oor reflective ye
be carried o
d in Chapter 5
KISTAN
cident aft on ce, a en an
iance
quired ance, e line anual, e that more to the given ervice y are
cking arking ilable those rcraft.
written
these
haller clear rwise
sions
ng an , fuel
of the ellow;
out by
5.
8.5 T
8
8
8
8
8
SU
TRAINING
.5.1 The futrainedparticutower,
.5.2 Staff omanagresponthe maddres
8.5.2.1
8.5.2.2
8.5.2.3
8.5.2.4
8.5.2.5
8.5.2.6
.5.1 To satutilize managin aero
.5.2 Aircrafaircraf
8.5.2.7
8.5.2.8
8.5.2.9
.5.3 At aershouldand hathorouvisibilit
RFACE MOV
unctions of thd and authoularly to thosto marshalle
operating anging and, at snsibility. To a
manoeuvring assed by a trai
1 ATS un
2 start-up
3 push-b
4 gate ho
5 taxi cle
6 en-rout
tisfy training programmes
gement staff hodrome contro
ft marshallersft movements
7 signalin
8 aircraft manoe
9 person
rodromes whd ensure that ave a suitable
ugh knowledgty is importan
VEMENT GUI
he apron manorized to cae responsiblers and to lead
n apron mansome aerodrconsiderable
area and simning program
nit/apron man
p procedures;
ack procedur
olding proced
earances; and
te clearances
requirementss developed hold ATC or ool.
s require train. Their trainin
ng;
characterisuvring of airc
al safety arou
ere leader vadrivers are s
e knowledge ge of the aernt.
DANCE AND
nagement serry out theire for the opeder van (follow
nagement ceomes, controe extent their milar training
mme will be:
nagement co-o
;
res;
ures;
d
s.
s for apron for ATS staff
other licenses
ning to ensung should focu
stics, both raft within the
und aircraft an
ans ("follow suitably qualifof taxiing sp
rodrome layo
D CONTROL
ervice requirer respective eration of an w-me vehicle)
entre or toweolling aircraft
function is sig of staff is
ordination;
managementff. Further, sos or have as p
re that they us on:
physical ande confines of t
nd particularly
me" vehiclesfied in RTF peeds and cor
out with an a
SYSTEMS (S
e that its stafresponsibilitapron mana
) operators.
er have the movement wimilar to that
required. A
t operating some States rpart of their tra
are properly
d operating,the apron; an
y engines.
s) are in use,rocedures, knrrect aircraft/v
ability to find
SMGCS) PAK
ff be appropries. This ap
agement cent
responsibilitwithin their are
of ATC contrAmong the is
staff, some Srequire that aaining, experi
qualified to d
, that relatnd
, local regulanow visual sigvehicle spacinone's way in
KISTAN
riately pplies tre or
y for ea of rol on ssues
States apron ience
direct
e to
ations gnals ng. A n low
1. M 1.1 T
frpare
1.2 T
anopruea
1.3 T
aifr
1.4 A
prgu
1.5 A
toroan
2. L 2.1 T
mpifrILliginavmde
2.2 T
puof
2.3 T
paa anru
SU
( * V
MARKING AID
Taxiway centom the runwaath over whicemain on a pa
Taxi holding pn aircraft shoperating on tunway are coach intersecti
Taxiway interircraft must hont of the hol
Aircraft standrovide guidanuidance onto
Apron safety o provide guidoads and parknd vehicles g
IGHTING AID
Taxiway centmarking. Consilot when he om the begin
LS critical senghts are a panadequate guvailable in dif
may be selecestination on
Taxiway edgeurpose is to idff the paveme
Taxi-holding pair of such ligrunway is be
nyone approaunway.
RFACE MOV
FURTHE
Visual aids fo
DS
tre line markay to the aircrch the cockpaved surface.
position marould hold at athe runway onducted in difion of a taxiw
rsection markold at a taxiwding aircraft o
d markings —nce to a pilot the stand, ind
lines — Thisdance to vehiking areas foro in order to
DS
tre line lightsideration is nis clear of the
nning of the ensitive area oarticular requiidance becaufferent intens
ctively switchethe ground.
e lights — Thdentify the latent.
position lighghts is locatedeing used for aching the ta
VEMENT GUI
R INFORM
or navigation
king — This raft stand. Altit of the aircr
rking — Thea taxiway/runr to interfere fferent visibilitay with the ru
king — The pway/taxiway inon a crossing
— This term ismanoeuvringdicate the sto
s term is usedicles other thar ground vehicprevent them
ts — These ow being givee runway. Altexit taxiway ligor the lower eirement for louse they cannities for use ied on or off
hese lights areteral limits of
hts — This ad at each sidelanding or takaxi-holding po
DANCE AND
MATION ON
n are specifie
marking conthough termeraft should pa
e purpose of tnway intersec
with the opety conditions,
unway.
purpose of thintersection in taxiway.
s used to refeg his aircraft oopping positio
d to refer to than aircraft; focles. Their pu being obstac
green lights en to coding eternate lights ghting near thdge of the in
ow visibility opnot be so rean different visto identify t
e installed alothe paved are
id consists ofe of a taxi-hoke-off and areosition that th
D CONTROL
N VISUAL A
ed in ASMP,
sists of a cod centre line, ass in order
this marking ction so as noeration of the more than o
is marking is order to be c
er to a numbeon an aircraft on and alignm
hose markingsor example, wurpose is to cocles to aircraf
are located exit taxiway care intendedhe runway cener transitionperations wh
adily seen fromsibility conditithe route a p
ong the edgeseas and there
f two alternatlding position
e intended to hey are abou
SYSTEMS (S
A
AIDS*
Chapter 5 )
ntinuous yell the marking for the aircra
is to identify ot to be an oe ILS. When ne hold line m
to identify theclear of other
er of differentstand. They
ment guidance
s on an apronwing tip clearaontrol where ft.
along the tacentre line ligh to be coded
entre line up tnal surface. Ten taxiway em the cockpitions. Taxiwaypilot should t
s of taxiways eby prevent a
tely illuminaten. They are opprovide a disut to encroac
SMGCS) PAK
APPENDIX
ow line extenreally denote
aft landing ge
the point at wobstacle to aioperations o
may be requir
e point at whicaircraft passi
t markings usprovide align
e from the stan
n that are inteance lines, seground equip
axiway centrehts to indicate green and yto the edge oaxiway centredge lights prot. These lighty centre line take to reac
and aprons. aircraft from ta
ed yellow lighperated only wtinctive warni
ch upon an a
KISTAN
“A”
nding es the ear to
which rcraft n the red at
ch an ing in
sed to nment nd.
ended ervice pment
e line e to a yellow of the e line ovide ts are lights h his
Their axiing
hts. A when ing to active
2.4 S
atthwco
2.5 C
swus
2.6 V
an 2.7 R
clab
3. S
3.1 S
3.1.1 Mw
• S
• N
• H
3.1.2 Inin
3.1.3 In
Msechththin
SU
Stop bars — At the point whhe taxiway ho
when an aircraonjunction wit
Clearance bawitched on orse at taxiway/
Visual dockinnd stopping in
Runway clealearance infobove.
IGNS
igns are of
Mandatory inswhich is to be
top sign
No entry sign
Holding positio
nformation snscriptions us
n general, sigManual, Part 4elf-evident (uharacteristicshe need to givhat on the aern Figures A-l t
(Note ththis h
RFACE MOV
A stop bar cohere it is desolding positioaft should stoth selectively
rs — This bar off to indicat/taxiway inter
ng guidance snformation to
rance aid —rmation is co
f two basic
struction sigcarried out un
on (Categorie
signs — Eithed to indicate
ns should me4, Chapter 11unambiguous of taxiing aive informationrodrome charto A-8.
hat at the bottholding positio
VEMENT GUI
onsists of a seired that an a
on marking. Tp and when itswitchable ta
ar is similar tte when trafficrsections in co
systems — Tan aircraft en
— At presentolour coded t
types: man
gns — Red sinless advised
s I, II or III) si
her black sige a specific lo
eet the requir. More import
s) and simplrcraft (e.g. hen to pilots in srt. A few exam
FIGUtom of the sloon of runway 2
Both sig
DANCE AND
eries of red ligaircraft stop. The lights aret should procaxiway centre
to a stop barc should stoponjunction wit
These systemntering an airc
t the only ataxiway centr
ndatory instru
igns with whitd otherwise by
gn
gns with yellocation or des
rements in AStantly, signs sle, and locaeight of the csufficient timemples of signs
URE A.-1---Aop sign an info27, the runwaygns are intern
D CONTROL
ghts perpendIn general itse operated beed. This is p
e line lights.
r but the lightp or proceed. th taxiway int
ms are intendecraft stand.
id under conre line lights;
ction signs an
te inscriptionsy ATS. Exam
ow inscriptiontination or to
SMP, Chapteshould be unifated with ducockpit, locatie for it to be cs meeting the
A STOP SIormation sign y length availa
nally illuminate
SYSTEMS (S
icular to the ts location coinby air traffic cparticularly us
ts are yellowThey are prim
tersection ma
ed to provide
nsideration tosee taxiway
nd information
s used to conples include:
ns or yellow provide other
er 5 and the Aform througho
ue regard toon and heigh
correlated whese requireme
IGN
is installed toable for take-oed.)
SMGCS) PAK
taxiway centrencides with thcontrol to indseful when us
w and they armarily intenderkings.
precise align
o provide ruy centre line
n signs.
nvey an instru
signs with r information.
Aerodrome Deout an aerodr
o the speed ht of jet podsen necessaryents are illust
o indicate thaoff is 3 250 m.
KISTAN
e line hat of dicate sed in
e not ed for
nment
nway lights
uction
black
esign rome,
and ) and y with trated
t at
A CATEG
(Note thatHOLD is related to and surfac
(Note thatholding poIII conditio28R on thilluminate
SU
GORY I HOLD
t the standardoptional. Therunway 28 ri
ce block 27 is
FI
t the standardosition it is CAons the inscrihe sign denod.)
RFACE MOV
DING POSIT
d inscription fe inscription 2right. The infos to the right. A
GURE A-3. A
d inscription fAT III. Thus iiption should otes that the
VEMENT GUI
FIGION SIGN AN
for a Category28R on the hormation sign All of the sign
A CATEGOR
for a Categorif a holding pbe CAT II/1IIholding posit
DANCE AND
GURE A-2. ND AN INFOR
y I holding poolding positioon the right
ns are externa
RY II / III HOL
ry II holding position is com. The use of ttion is related
D CONTROL
RMATION SI
osition sign is on sign denotindicates that
ally illuminate
LDING POSIT
position is CAmmon for opethe word "HOd to runway 2
SYSTEMS (S
GN LOCATE
CAT I and thtes that the ht surface blocd.)
TION SIGN
AT II and thaterations in botOLD" is option28 right. The
SMGCS) PAK
ED SIDE BY S
he use of the holding positiock 40 is to the
t for a Categoth Category I
nal. The inscrisign is exter
KISTAN
SIDE
word on is e left
ory III II and ription rnally
FIGURE
(Note thatat this holare intern
(The inscravailable yellow.)
(Th
SU
A-4. A CATE
t as in Figurelding positionally illuminate
riptions on thfor take-off. T
The sign, whic
RFACE MOV
EGORY III TA
e A-1, at the bn of runway 2ed.)
FIG
he sign indicaThe sign is in
FIGU
ch is externally
VEMENT GUI
AXI-HOLDING
bottom of die 7, the runway
URE A-5. A
ate that runwaternally illumi
URE A-6. A
y illuminated,
DANCE AND
G POSITION SIDE
slop sign an y length avail
AN INFORMA
ay 19 is to theinated, its bac
DESTINATIO
indicates ho
D CONTROL
AND A STO
information slable for take
ATION SIGN
e right and 2 ckground is b
ON SIGN
w to proceed
SYSTEMS (S
P SIGN INST
sign is provid-off is 3 600 m
500 m of theblack and the
to taxiways 1
SMGCS) PAK
TALLED SIDE
ded to indicatem. All of the
e runway lenginscriptions a
1, 2 and 9.)
KISTAN
E BY
e that signs
gth is are in
(The .signrunway 10inscription
( The sig
SU
n, which is ext0 and the cargK3 at the bott
gn, which is int
RFACE MOV
FIGUR
ternally illumingo area are strtom indicates t
F
ternally illumin
VEMENT GUI
RE A-7. AN
nated, serves raight ahead athe designation
FIGURE A-8.
nated, indicates
DANCE AND
INFORMATI
both as a deand that entryn of the surfac
A DESTINA
s the direction
D CONTROL
ON SIGN
estination and y to the taxi wace block.)
ATION SIGN
n to runway 10
SYSTEMS (S
a location .sigay on the righ
0 as well as to
SMGCS) PAK
ign, It indicatesht is prohibited
o the cargo are
KISTAN
s that d. The
ea.)
1. R
1prne
2. ECmcoanauon
3. Tfo
G4. T
shspshVan
R
5. A
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
6. A
a)
SU
TRAFFIC
Rules for the r.1 and ANO-rovided and eed for strict
xcept in very Chapter 5), it movement areonditions authnd vehicles uthorities shon the movem
he rules and ollowing point
General he movemenhould be provpecific and nhould be gra
Vehicles clearn approved id
Requirements
A vehicle ope
) be know
conversa
) be capab
) give way
) obtain A
and limit
) follow sp
approac
collision
) obey mo
) where ap
correctly
where ap
radio cha
complyin
be famili
A vehicle ope
) position
RFACE MOV
RULES A
regulation of -004-DRAN-1enforced. At adherence to
poor visibilityis not alway
ea such as horized in othconforming t
ould establishent area.
regulations fs.
nt area shoulvided with co
necessary funanted admissired for entrydentification to
s for authoriz
erator SHALL
wledgeable o
ant with them
ble of distingu
y to aircraft at
ATS clearance
tations of the
pecified routes
h aircraft with
lights are ope
ovement area
ppropriate, be
y reacting to R
ppropriate, m
annel, reques
ng with ATS in
ar with the ae
erator SHALL
a vehicle so a
VEMENT GUI
ND REGUL
aircraft move.0, but equivaerodromes
o these rules b
y conditions ws practicablethe apron. W
her parts of thto standard
h suitable rule
for the groun
d be fenced ontrolled entrnction to perion to the m
y should cleaoken promine
zed vehicles
L:
of local rules
m;
uishing betwe
t all times;
e prior to ent
clearance;
s and guide li
h utmost care
erating;
speed restric
e experienced
RTF message
maintain a con
sting ATS clea
nstructions; a
erodrome layo
L NOT:
as to interfere
DANCE AND
LATIONS F
ements on thevalent rules fo
without an abecomes eve
when special to exercise Within the fiehis manual, sground mov
es related to t
nd movement
or otherwisery points. Onlrform in connovement are
arly be identiently displaye
s and/or equi
and regulat
een visual sig
tering the ma
ines and not e
e, particularly
ctions;
d in the opera
es;
tinuous listen
arance as req
and
out and the s
e with the mov
D CONTROL
FOR SURF
e ground are or use by groair traffic conen more impor
low visibility stotal control eld of reasosafety and exvement rules he operation
of vehicles s
e protected aly vehicles annection with aa. Authorizedified as authd.
pment opera
tions or be e
nals;
anoeuvring ar
encroach upo
y if aircraft en
ation of RTF e
ning watch on
quired by aero
igns and sign
vement of air
SYSTEMS (S
A
ACE VEHI
contained inound vehiclesntrol service, rtant.
s procedures over all traff
onable constrxpedition depe
and regulatof aircraft an
should encom
against unautnd/or equipmaircraft or aed drivers shohorized to be
ators
escorted by
rea and comp
on safety lines
ngines are ru
equipment an
the ground m
odrome regul
nals used on t
rcraft;
SMGCS) PAK
APPENDIX
CLES
ANO-003-DRs also need tthe rules and
should applyfic on parts oraint accordinends upon aitions. Approp
nd ground veh
mpass at leas
horized entryment which haerodrome facould carry a pe there by ha
a person wh
ply with the t
s;
nning and/or
d capable of
movement co
ations and
the aerodrom
KISTAN
“B”
RAN-to be d the
y (see of the ng to rcraft priate hicles
st the
y and ave a cilities pass. aving
ho is
terms
anti-
ntrol
e.
b)
c)d)e)
R
7. V
a)
b)
8. Tadap
SU
) pass cloor positio
) cross tra) leave a v) operate
equipped
Requirements
Vehicles and
) marked a
) fitted withours of
railer trains mdequate brakppropriate if u
RFACE MOV
se behind anon a vehicle iaffic control sivehicle unattea vehicle durd with suitable
s for vehicles
equipment S
and lighted as
th front and rdarkness or
must not exceking systemsused in low vi
VEMENT GUI
aircraft if its n a jet blast ognals, stop b
ended where ring the hourse lighting (see
s and/or equ
SHALL BE:
s per ASMP,
rear lights in during period
eed the leng. They must sibility or at n
DANCE AND
engines are ror propeller slars or markinit may create
s of darknesse paragraph 7
uipment
Chapter 6; an
accordance wds of restricted
th specified bcarry red ref
night.
D CONTROL
running and itipstream;
ngs without ape a hazard; ans or periods o7 below).
nd
with local regd visibility.
by the aerodflectors at the
SYSTEMS (S
ts anti-collisio
ppropriate autnd of restricted v
gulations if op
rome authorie rear and a
SMGCS) PAK
on lights opera
thorization;
isibility unless
perated durin
ty and must along the side
KISTAN
ating,
s it is
g the
have es as
PER
1. IN
1.1 Tde
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
1.2 Ammcocopltr
2. U
2.1 ASae
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
2.2 Inel
3. P
3.1 TmWlapa
SU
RFORMAN
NTRODUCTIO
he purpose oefined in ANO
) to preven
) to prevenareas;
) to expedit
) to provide
) to notify aassist suc
At an aerodromovement radmovement coontinuous cheontrol requirelay a part in taffic.
USE OF SMR
As described iMR may be erodrome con
) provide ra
) provide ropoints of t
) permit iss
) provide invisibility;
) provide aavoiding c
provide, o
) provide g
n developing lement of SM
URPOSE OF
he purpose bmay need to When using thayout and coarticular SMR
RFACE MOV
CE OBJEC
ON
of providing SO-002-DRAN-
t collisions be
nt collisions b
te and mainta
e advice and
appropriate och organizatio
ome adequatdar can mak
ontrol in redueck on runwaements and fathe expeditiou
in the Air Traused to per
ntrol service:
adar monitorin
outing instructraffic conges
suance of inst
nformation th
assistance inconflicts with
on request, gu
uidance infor
the performMGCS; howev
F THE PERFO
behind the pebe considere
hese performaomplexity of tR system. A
VEMENT GUI
CTIVES FO
SMR is to aid-1.0. These o
etween aircra
between aircra
ain an orderly
information u
organizations ons as require
ely equippedke a valuabluced visibility
ay occupancy acilitates cleaus movement
affic Servicesrform the foll
ng of traffic o
ctions to surfastion and sele
tructions to ho
hat a runway
n timing of rdeparting an
uidance inform
rmation to em
mance objectier, its use ca
ORMANCE O
erformance obed when devance objectivthe aerodrom
Accordingly, th
DANCE AND
OR SURFAC
d the air traffobjectives are
aft;
aft on the ma
y flow of traffic
seful for the s
regarding aired.
d with visual e contributioy and at niand taxiway
arances for at of emergenc
s Planning Malowing functio
n the manoeu
ace traffic, usiect aircraft rou
old short at in
y is clear of
runway operad arriving airc
mation to an a
mergency vehi
ves that follon be expande
OBJECTIVES
bjectives thatveloping procves it should me and operahese perform
D CONTROL
CE MOVEM
fic services in:
anoeuvring a
c;
safe and effic
rcraft in need
aids, the pron to the safight. Surfaceusage, allows
aircraft and vcy vehicles an
anual (Doc 94ons specifica
uvring area;
ing the radar-utes to mainta
ntersections to
other traffic,
ations to impcraft;
aircraft uncer
cles.
ow, SMR is ed to a more a
t follow is to bcurement tecbe noted tha
ating conditiomance object
SYSTEMS (S
A
MENT RAD
n achieving t
reas and obs
cient conduct
of search an
rovision of aefety and effi
e movement s rapid determ
vehicles. In emnd the safe d
426), Part II, ally related to
-displayed infain traffic flow
o avoid traffic
particularly
prove runway
rtain of its pos
considered active role.
broadly identihnical specif
at several facons, influencetives should
SMGCS) PAK
APPENDIX
DAR (SMR)
their objective
structions in t
of flight; and
nd rescue aid
erodrome suiciency of gr
radar permmination of ligmergencies i
disposition of
Section 5_ 4o the provisio
formation, to aw;
c conflicts;
in periods o
y utilization
sition; and
as a surveill
ify the factorsications for Stors, includine the design be reviewed
KISTAN
“C”
es as
those
, and
urface round
mits a ghting t can other
4.3.2, on of
avoid
f low
while
lance
s that SMR. g the of a
d and
adco
4. O
4.1 C
a)
b)
c)
4.2 T
4.2.1 Inno
a)
b)
c)
4.3 R
4.3.1 Top
a)
b)
4.4. M
4.4.1 M
4.5 In
4.5.1 In
5. A5.1 D
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
SU
dapted as noncerned.
OVER-ALL SY
Coverage
) Azimuth
) Elevation
) Range reasonab
arget detecti
n weather ranormally involv
) 1 m2 equi
) probability
) false alar
Resolution
he definition perating cond
) discrimina
) differentia(e.g. B74(e.g. Cess
Mapping
Map pertinent
nformation ra
nformation sh
ASSOCIATEDDisplay
) The operhooding ashould be
) There sho
) The displa
) Variable facilities t
) It should
It should aprons andata and
) Capability
) Video mause of off
RFACE MOV
necessary ta
YSTEM PERF
— 360 degr
— up to 60
— 150 to ble degrees an
ion
nging from cleved in movem
ivalent radar c
y of detection
m rate — 10"
of moving oditions) should
ate between t
ate by target s47) and large sna, etc.), as
aerodrome fe
ate
ould be renew
D OPERATIO
rational displaand, preferabe non-reflectiv
ould be no "fl
ay jitter shoul
display rangeo the edge of
be possible to
be possible nd other operautomatic ma
y to provide ru
apping and otf-centering.
VEMENT GUI
aking into ac
FORMANCE
rees.
m above aero
a maximum ond at least su
ear to 16 mmment should b
cross section
n — at least 9
"6.
r static targed be sufficien
targets space
size/shape an(e.g. DC8) awell as betw
eatures.
wed at least o
NAL OBJEC
ay should bebly, without scve.
ickers" discer
ld be less tha
es between f the display a
o reduce or s
to provide srational areasaintenance of
unway protec
her display fe
DANCE AND
ccount the p
OBJECTIVE
odrome level.
of 6 000 m (cufficient to cov
m/h of precipie detected an
of the target
90 per cent; an
ets on the opt to:
ed 15 m apart
nd speed of maircraft, between aircraft a
once every se
TIVES
e suitable forcreening in br
rnible to the o
an 0.05 per ce
1 km and 6 and appropria
uppress the l
synthetic mas, with a brigf registration w
ction and suita
eatures shall
D CONTROL
particular req
S
.
capable of mver the movem
tation and wind displayed
;
nd
erational disp
t; and
movement, beween medium and vehicles.
econd.
r viewing at right daylight
operator.
ent of the disp
km should ate expansion
uminance of
pping of the htness controwith radar ran
able alarm sy
remain in reg
SYSTEMS (S
quirements o
modification toment area).
ithin limits of under the foll
plays (adjuste
etween wide-b(e.g. B727)
arm's lengthconditions. T
play.
be provided n capability.
non-operation
outline of ruol independennge and offse
stem should b
gistration on c
SMGCS) PAK
of the aerod
o local need w
coverage, taowing conditi
ed for approp
bodied and small ai
h distance wiThe display sc
with off-cent
nal areas.
unways, taxiwnt of other di
et.
be an option.
change of ran
KISTAN
rome
within
argets ions:
priate
rcraft
ithout creen
tering
ways, splay
ge or
i)
j)
k)
l)
m
4.6 B
4.6.1 Mha
4.7 A
4.7.1 T
5.2 T
5.2.1 W
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
SU
At least should besize of dis
It should
) The use o
There sho
m) There sh
Background s
Means should ave no opera
Accuracy
he system er
arget labelin
Where target la
) Method ofor manua
) Label zon
) Label can
) Label bri
) Label forprevent oensured. controlleraircraft tyrange or o
) Charactecontroller
RFACE MOV
two displae provided wsplay should
be possible to
of computer-g
ould be capab
hould be va
suppression
be provided tional signific
ror should no
ng
abeling is pro
of label acqual and automa
ne: throughou
ncellation: a
ghtness: sep
rmat: as decone label ovOrientation o
r. Contents mype or destinaoffset. System
er size: regar sitting in a no
VEMENT GUI
ay channelswith the option
be 43 cm.
o operate sev
generated dis
bility for autom
ariable magn
for reducing cance.
ot exceed 1 pe
ovided it shou
uisition: as deated systems
ut the area of
utomatic and
parate contro
ided by the perwriting anoof the labels
must include iation within them must cope w
ardless of raormal working
DANCE AND
s, independen for increasi
veral display m
play should b
matic recordin
nification zo
or eliminating
er cent of the
ld comply wit
ecided by thes.
f coverage.
manual with
l required.
provisioning aother but, faiin relation to dentification e aerodromewith closely p
ange setting,g position at a
D CONTROL
ently controllaing the numb
monitors in pa
be an option.
ng of radar da
oom facility.
g returns from
display range
th the followin
e provisioning
manual over
authority. Theiling this, minthe radar tar
and may incl. Labels must
parked holding
characters arm's length f
SYSTEMS (S
able in range ber of channe
arallel on eac
ata.
m areas withi
e.
ng conditions:
g authority, su
ride.
e label writingnimum label rget must be lude other inft stay in regisg aircraft.
must be clefrom the displ
SMGCS) PAK
and off-centeels. The mini
ch channel.
in coverage w
uch as a touch
g algorithm shoverlap musadjustable b
formation sucster with chan
early legible ay.
KISTAN
ering, imum
which
h ball
hould st be
by the ch as
nge of
to a