surface and groundwater monitoring - march...
TRANSCRIPT
ASSMANG MANGANESE - CATO RIDGE WORKS
RESULTS OF SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER MONITORING
By Jonathan Lynch
March 2009
REF: 04-087
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
1. INTRODUCTION
• Description of Sampling Campaign conducted over the period August 2008 to January 2009, and including historic results
• Summary of Sampling Locations
• Summary of Results
– Stream Water
– Surface Water
– Shallow Groundwater– Shallow Groundwater
– Deep Groundwater
– Conclusions and Recommendations
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
2. SAMPLING CAMPAIGN
• Sampling during this period carries on from previous campaigns
conducted by MSJ since 2006
• Adds to historical data from as far back as 2001 – carried out by others
(BH by Geomeasure, Streams by Lombard). Boreholes were
upgraded by installation of casing in 2005.
• Sampling by MSJ from 2006 included:
– Boreholes
– Streams
– Flumes– Flumes
• The scope of sampling was altered from November 2007 to take into
account the requirements of the H:H permit conditions
• In May 2008, all existing shallow boreholes were grouted and replaced
by new shallow boreholes as these were suspected of causing cross
contamination.
− New shallow boreholes could not be installed at BH2 Shallow and
BH Plant 1 Shallow due to shallow soil cover, but new shallow
boreholes BH101 to BH104 were installed.
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
2.1 Conceptual Site Model
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
3. SAMPLING LOCATIONS
3.1 Streams and Surface Water
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
3.2 Groundwater
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
4. Contaminants of Potential Concern
• Based on series of leachate tests on source materials
– Lead (Pb), Ammonia (NH4), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Fluoride (F) and Cyanide (CN)
• Other determinants reported at elevated concentrations
– Boron (B), Potassium (K), Sulphate (SO4), Sodium (Na), Cadmium (Cd), Nitrate (NO3),
– Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
4.1 Schematic Site Plan Showing Sources
5. SUMMARY OF RESULTS
5.1 Layout
– Screening Values
– Contaminants of Potential Concern
– Streams
– Surface Water– Surface Water
– Shallow Groundwater
– Deep Groundwater
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
5.2 Screening Values
• Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) Water Classifications, Class 0 (ideal) to Class IV (unacceptable).
– DWAF Class II (marginal) used as screening tool for most
determinants
– DWAF Target Water Quality Range – used for lead, mercury and
hexavalent chromium
• Dutch Intervention Values for drinking water – used for • Dutch Intervention Values for drinking water – used for Organics
• US EPA Region 3 and Region 6 for drinking water – used for Organics and CN
• Drinking Water screening used because humans are one of the potential downstream receptors
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
5.3 StreamsSummary of Stream Water Quality Classification (August 2007 to July 2008)
Summary of Stream Water Quality Classification (August 2008 to January 2009)
Sampling
Point Class 0 Class 1 Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
SW1 F exceeds Class III
Na exceeds Class II
EC, TDS, K, SO4, NO3, NH4, F and B exceed Class III
Na and NO3 exceed Class II
EC, TDS, K, M n, NH4, S04, F and B exceed Class III
K and B exceed Class II
F exceeds Class III
SW5 K and F exceed Class II
SW8 K , F and B exceed Class II
SW9 K, F and B exceed Class II
DWAF Drinking Water Classification ** Comments
SW2
SW3
SW4
Sampling DWAF Drinking Water Classification ** Comments
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
Sampling
Point Class 0 Class 1 Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
F exceeds Class III
CN exceeds USEPA R3
SW2 K and F exceed Class III
EC, Na, NO3, S04 and B exceed Class II
TDS, K and F exceed Class III
CN exceeds USEPA R3
K and F exceed Class II
B exceeds Class III
SW5 K exceeds Class II
SW8 K and B exceed Class II
SW9 Ca, K, F and B exceed Class II
DWAF Drinking Water Classification ** Comments
SW4
SW1
SW3
5.3.1 Streams
Electrical Conductivity – SW1, SW3, SW4
800
1000
1200
1400
EC
(m
S/m
)
SW1
SW3
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
200
400
600
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
EC
(m
S/m
)
SW3
SW4
Class II
5.3.2 Streams
Potassium– SW1, SW3, SW4
1500
2000
2500
3000
K (
mg
/l)
SW1
SW3
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
500
1000
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
K (
mg
/l)
SW3
SW4
Class II
5.3.3 Streams
Fluoride– SW1, SW3, SW4
15
20
25
F (
mg
/l)
SW1
SW3
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
5
10
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
F (
mg
/l)
SW3
SW4
Class II
5.3.4 Streams
Boron – SW1, SW3, SW4
20
30
40
50
60
B (
mg
/l)
SW1
SW3
SW4
Class II
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
10
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
Class II
5.3.5 Streams
Free Cyanide – SW1, SW3, SW4
3
4
5
6
CN
fre
e (
mg
/l)
SW1
SW3
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
1
2
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
CN
fre
e (
mg
/l)
SW3
SW4
Class II
5.4 Surface WaterSummary of Surface Water Quality Classification (August 2007 to July 2008)
Sampling
Point Class 0 Class I Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
EC, TDS, M n and F exceed Class II
K, NH4 and SO4 exceed Class III
Pb and Hg exceed TWQR***
TDS, Na, K and F exceeds Class II
M n, SO4 and B exceed Class III
Pb and Hg exceed TWQR***
CN exceeds USEPA R3
NO3, F and B exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
EC, TDS and M n exceed Class II
K, NO3, SO4, F and B exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
Na exceeds Class II
EC, TDS, K, M n, Cl, NO3, SO4, NH4, F and B exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
DWAF Drinking Water Classif icat ion ** Comments
SW6
SW7
SW11
SW12
SW13
Summary of Surface Water Quality Classification (August 2008 to January 2009)
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
Sampling
Point Class 0 Class I Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
M n exceeds Class II
EC, TDS, K, SO4, F and B exceed Class III
K and M n exceed Class II
F and B exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
K exceeds Class II
B and F exceeds Class III
Na exceeds Class II
EC, TDS, K, M n, SO4, F and B exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
EC, TDS, Na, K, M n, NH4, Cl, SO4, F and B exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
SW12
SW13
SW7
SW11
DWAF Drinking Water Classif ication ** Comments
SW6
5.4.1 Surface Water
Electrical Conductivity
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
EC
(m
S/m
) SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
200
400
600
800
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
EC
(m
S/m
)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.2 Surface Water
Potassium
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
K (
mg
/l)
SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
500
1000
1500
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
K (
mg
/l)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.3 Surface Water
Sodium
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Na
(m
g/l
)
SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
200
400
600
800
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
Na
(m
g/l
)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.4 Surface Water
Manganese
150
200
250
Mn
(m
g/l
) SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
50
100
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
Mn
(m
g/l
)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.5 Surface Water
Ammonia
200
250
300
350
400
450
NH
4 (
mg
/l) SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
50
100
150
200
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
NH
4 (
mg
/l)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.6 Surface Water
Sulphate
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
SO
4 (
mg
/l) SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
500
1000
1500
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
SO
4 (
mg
/l)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.7 Surface Water
Fluoride
25
30
35
40
45
50
F (
mg
/l)
SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
5
10
15
20
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
F (
mg
/l)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.8 Surface Water
Boron
80
100
120
140
160
B (
mg
/l)
SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
20
40
60
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
B (
mg
/l)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.9 Surface Water
Total Lead
1
10
Pb
(m
g/l
)
SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0.001
0.01
0.1
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
Pb
(m
g/l
)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.10 Surface Water
Total Mercury
0.01
0.1
1
Hg
(m
g/l
)
SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0.0001
0.001
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
Hg
(m
g/l
)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
5.4.11 Surface Water
Free Cyanide
10
100
CN
fre
e (
mg
/l) SW6
SW7
SW11
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0.01
0.1
1
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
CN
fre
e (
mg
/l)
SW11
SW12
SW13
Class II
Summary of Shallow Groundwater Quality Classification (August 2007 to July 2008)
Summary of Shallow Groundwater Quality Classification (August 2008 to January 2009)
5.5 Shallow Groundwater
Class 0 Class I Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
BH 1 Shallow
BH SH1
Shallow
BH 2 Shallow K, TDS, F and Na exceed Class II
SO4 and B exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
BH EP1 M g, Na, and K exceed Class II
Shallow EC, TDS and NO3 exceed Class III.
Na exceeds Class II
EC, TDS, K, M g, M n, SO4, NH4, NO3, F and B exceed Class III
BH Doornrug
Shallow
Comments
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
Locat ion DWAF Drinking Water Classif icat ion **
Downstream
Upstream
Borehole No.
Na and F exceed Class II
BoreholeLocat ion DWAF Drinking Water Classif icat ion ** Comments
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
Borehole
No. Class 0 Class I Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
BH 1A Shallow
BH SH1A B exceeds Class II (total boron, soluble result not available)
Shallow
BH 2 Shallow - - - - - Borehole sealed and decommissioned on 20 M ay 2008
Downstream
BH EP1A Na exceeds Class II
Shallow
Borehole was dry on 15 October 2008 and
14 January 2009.
BH Plant 1A Shallow - - - - - Borehole sealed and decommissioned on 20 M ay 2008
BH Doornrug Shallow - - - - - Borehole was dry during October 2008 and January 2009 sampling events.
Na, NO3 and F exceed Class II
EC, TDS, K and SO4 exceed Class III
Borehole was dry during October 2008 and
January 2009 sampling events.
K exceeds Class II
B exceeds Class III
Pb and Hg exceed TWQR*** (total concentrat ions)
Locat ion DWAF Drinking Water Classif icat ion ** Comments
Upstream
BH EP2A Shallow
- - - -
- - - -
-
BH 101 Shallow
-
BH 103 Shallow
BH 102 Shallow
K exceeds Class II
BH 104 Shallow
Electrical Conductivity
5.5.1 Shallow Groundwater
600
800
1000
1200
1400
EC
(m
S/m
)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
200
400
600
EC
(m
S/m
)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH104
BH101
Class II
Potassium
5.5.2 Shallow Groundwater
1500
2000
2500
K (
mg
/l)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
500
1000
K (
mg
/l)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH104
BH101
Class II
Sodium
5.5.3 Shallow Groundwater
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Na
(m
g/l
)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
100
200
300
400Na
(m
g/l
)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH104
BH101
Class II
Manganese
5.5.4 Shallow Groundwater
8
10
12
14
16
Mn
(m
g/l
)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
2
4
6
Mn
(m
g/l
)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH101
BH104
Class II
Ammonia
5.5.5 Shallow Groundwater
80
100
120
140
160
NH
4 (
mg
/l)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
20
40
60NH
4 (
mg
/l)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH104
BH101
Class II
Sulphate
5.5.6 Shallow Groundwater
1500
2000
2500
SO
4 (
mg
/l)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
500
1000SO
4 (
mg
/l)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH101
BH104
Class II
Fluoride
5.5.7 Shallow Groundwater
8
10
12
14
16
F (
mg
/l)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
2
4
6
F (
mg
/l)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH101
BH104
Class II
Boron
5.5.8 Shallow Groundwater
30
40
50
60
B (
mg
/l)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
10
20
B (
mg
/l)
BHEP1A Shallow
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH104
BH101
Class II
Total Lead
5.5.9 Shallow Groundwater
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Pb
(m
g/l
)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
0.05
0.1
Pb
(m
g/l
)
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
EP1A Shallow Sol
BH101
Class II
BH104
Mercury
5.5.10 Shallow Groundwater
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
Hg
(m
g/l
)
BH1 Shallow
BH SH1 Shallow
Doornrug Shallow
BH2 Shallow
BHEP1A Shallow
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015Hg
(m
g/l
)
BH EP2 Shallow
BH Plant 1 Shallow
BH101
BH104
BH101 Sol
Class II
Summary of Deep Groundwater Quality Classification (August 2007 to July 2008)
5.6 Deep Groundwater
Borehole
No. Class 0 Class I Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
Upstream BH 1 Deep Pb and Hg exceed TWQR***
Fe exceeds Class III
Hg exceeds TWQR***
BH F4 Pb and Hg exceed TWQR***
SH 1 Deep Pb exceeds TWQR***
F exceeds Class III
Hg exceeds TWQR***
Pb and Hg exceed TWQR***
F and NH4 exceed Class III
Pb exceeds TWQR***
Pb and Hg exceed TWQR***
BH Pb exceeds TWQR***
Doornrug Deep
Locat ion DWAF Drinking Water Classif icat ion ** Comments
BH EP1 Deep
BH F2
Downstream BH 2 Deep
BH EP2 Deep
BH Plant 1 Deep
Summary of Deep Groundwater Quality Classification (August 2008 to January 2009)
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
Borehole
No. Class 0 Class I Class II Class III Class IV
Ideal* Good* M arginal* Poor* Unacceptable*
Upstream BH 1 Deep
BH F4 No sample collected due to borehole blockage
SH 1 Deep
Downstream BH 2 Deep
BH EP2 Deep F exceeds Class II
BH
Doornrug Deep
Total Fe exceeds Class III. No sample collected during January 2009.
BH EP1 Deep
BH Plant 1 Deep
Locat ion DWAF Drinking Water Classif ication ** Comments
BH F2
Potassium
5.6.1 Deep Groundwater
60
80
100
120
K (
mg
/l)
BH1 Deep
BH SH1 Deep
BH2 Deep
Plant 1 Deep
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
20
40
60
K (
mg
/l)
Plant 1 Deep
EP1 Deep
EP2 Deep
Doornrug
BH F2
BH F4
Class II
Manganese
5.6.2 Deep Groundwater
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Mn
(m
g/l
)
BH1 Deep
BH SH1 Deep
BH2 Deep
Plant 1 Deep
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Mn
(m
g/l
)
Plant 1 Deep
EP1 Deep
EP2 Deep
Doornrug
BH F4
BH F2
Class II
Ammonia
5.6.3 Deep Groundwater
10
12
14
16
18
20
NH
4 (
mg
/l)
BH1 Deep
BH SH1 Deep
BH2 Deep
Plant 1 Deep
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
2
4
6
8
10
NH
4 (
mg
/l)
Plant 1 Deep
EP1 Deep
EP2 Deep
Doornrug
BH F4
BH F2
Class II
Fluoride
5.6.4 Deep Groundwater
8
10
12
14
16
F (
mg
/l)
BH1 Deep
BH SH1 Deep
BH2 Deep
Plant 1 Deep
EP1 Deep
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
2
4
6
8
F (
mg
/l)
EP1 Deep
EP2 Deep
Doornrug
BH F4
BH F2
SW1
Class II
Boron
5.6.5 Deep Groundwater
10
12
14
16
18
20
B (
mg
/l)
BH1 Deep
BH SH1 Deep
BH2 Deep
Plant 1 Deep
EP1 Deep
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
2
4
6
8
Jul-
06
Au
g-0
6
Se
p-0
6
Oct
-06
No
v-0
6
De
c-0
6
Jan
-07
Fe
b-0
7
Ma
r-0
7
Ap
r-0
7
Ma
y-0
7
Jun
-07
Jul-
07
Au
g-0
7
Se
p-0
7
Oct
-07
No
v-0
7
De
c-0
7
Jan
-08
Fe
b-0
8
Ma
r-0
8
Ap
r-0
8
Ma
y-0
8
Jun
-08
Jul-
08
Au
g-0
8
Se
p-0
8
Oct
-08
No
v-0
8
De
c-0
8
Jan
-09
B (
mg
/l)
EP1 Deep
EP2 Deep
Doornrug
BH F2
BH F4
Class II
Historical Results (BH2 for example) – Potassium and Boron. These reflect a period of sampling before borehole upgrade in July 2005. Previous boreholes were not cased such that samples could be influenced by soils from the side walls during sample collection using a bailer, and the samples being unfiltered.
5.6.6 Deep Groundwater
10
20
30
40
50
60
B (
mg
/l)
Boron in BH2 Deep
B Class II
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
0
10
0
100
200
300
400
K (
mg
/l)
Potassium in BH2 Deep
K Class II
• In accordance with DWAF’s former requirements the following organic
analytes are tested in all boreholes and surface water locations on site
(SW6, SW7, SW11 to SW13)
• Phenols
• Agrochemicals
• PCB’s
• Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOC’s)
6. Organic Analysis
• Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOC’s)
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s)
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
6.1 Surface Water
• Surface water sampling locations SW6, SW7, SW11 to SW13 subject to
organics analysis monthly.
• During this period there have been no reported concentrations of phenols,
PCBs’, agrochemicals in surface water.
• All VOC and SVOC reported below laboratory detection limits with the
exception of benzene (1ug/l) and trichloroethene (1ug/l) in SW7 (both
below the DIV).
6. Organic Analysis - cont
below the DIV).
• In SW13 acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, fluoranthene,
fluorene, pyrene were reported. Those in red exceed the DIV or USEPA R6
screening values.
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
6.2 Groundwater
• For groundwater, all samples are tested for organic analytes during the full
suite of analysis (every 6 months)
• In all samples tested, the concentrations of PCB’s, agrochemicals, and semi
volatile and volatile organic compounds were all reported below the
laboratory detection limits. Low levels of phenolic compounds, below
6. Organic Analysis - cont
laboratory detection limits. Low levels of phenolic compounds, below
Dutch Intervention Values screening values, were reported in BH Plant 1
Deep.
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
7. Conclusions
The following conclusions can be drawn from this monitoring period:
• High impacted surface water continues to leave the site along the western
boundary
• Highly impacted shallow perched groundwater, as reflected by the shallow
boreholes on the site, continues to leave the site along the western
boundary. The perched groundwater is in hydraulic continuity with the
surface water runoff.
• The main source of impacts are primarily from the furnace and utilities
area, and the baghouse dust and slimes storage areas. The determinants
impacting are: lead (Pb), ammonia (NH4), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg),
fluoride (F), boron (B), free cyanide (CN), potassium (K), sulphate (SO4),
and sodium (Na)
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
7. Conclusions - cont
• The shallow perched groundwater table is absent during dry weather
periods, and is a non-sustainable aquifer. Although highly impacted in
areas, the volumes of impacted shallow groundwater leaving the site are
insignificant compared to surface water runoff. It is evident that the
majority of downgradient impact originates via surface water runoff.
• The deep aquifer, as represented by the deep boreholes on the site, does • The deep aquifer, as represented by the deep boreholes on the site, does
not reflect significant impacts from the Smelter. The clay (where present)
and permeability of underlying strata, plus low mobility of many metals
reduces impact on deep aquifer.
• The quality of the groundwater in the downstream boreholes has
improved since the sealing of the previous shallow boreholes.
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
7. Conclusions - cont
• To a lesser degree impact from the Slag Stockpile consists of boron (B) and
fluoride (F) as reported inBH2 Deep and BH104.
• The overall water quality in the streams downgradient of the Smelter is
Class III (poor) to Class IV (unacceptable), and has not improved. It
remains similar to the previously reported results. The water quality
reported reflects the impacts from the Smelter operations, and until
mitigating measures are implemented improvements of the water quality mitigating measures are implemented improvements of the water quality
in the stream cannot be expected. Fluoride reported in the streams is not
entirely due to the Smelter operations and is also from an upstream
source.
• Impacts are clearly evident in downstream locations SW2, SW3 and SW5.
At locations SW4, SW8 and SW9 limited impacts are reported due to
dilution.
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring
8. Recommendations
• Monitoring and Sampling should be continued. To expedite reporting it is
recommended that all analysis be done other suitably accredited
laboratories .
• Proposed changes to the existing Sampling Plan have been made,
including removal of organic analytics PCB’s, agrochemicals and phenols –
as these have not been detected
• Removal of other metals where these have not been detected including
copper, calcium, hexavalent chromium, magnesium and zinccopper, calcium, hexavalent chromium, magnesium and zinc
• The addition to suites of analysis of ammonia, lead, mercury and boron
where required
• Reduce VOC and SVOC monitoring to the H:H facility area
• Reduction in frequency of borehole sampling to 6 monthly
• Frequency of other sampling remains the same
• Analysis of groundwater should be carried out on filtered samples
These proposals are currently under review by DEAT and DWAF.
Assmang Manganese – Cato Ridge Works
Results of Surface and Groundwater Monitoring