suraj gp types of yarns (1)
TRANSCRIPT
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and certain
other animals including cashmere from goats, mohair from goats, alpaca, camel from
animals in the camel family,
and angora from rabbits.
Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it is crimped, it is elastic,
and it grows in staples (clusters). In the
U.S. the term wool is usually restricted to describing the
fibrous protein derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles in sheep,
although in the U.K. it may be used of any long curling
fiber such as wood wool, wire wool etc.
BACKGROUNDoThe history of silk production in china dates back to more
than 5,000 years by today, silk moths are commercially for
their cocoons in China, Japan, India and Europe.
oHobbyists all over the world practice sericulture, or
silkworm rearing, as well different species of silk moths
produce threads with different characteristics of color and
texture.
oAccording to the silk road foundation, some species such as
the Chinese silkworm, mori, are entirely domesticated and no
longer found in the wild.
LARVAE
Silkworms pass through five stages during
the larval phase of their lives. These stages
are called "instars." The newly hatched
larvae are silkworm caterpillars in the first
instar. They are very tiny. The Japanese call
them "kego," which means "hairy baby."
They can be fed either commercially
prepared food or fresh leaves.
PUPAEFinally, the larva begins to spin a
cocoon around itself. The cocoon
will be about one inch long. The silk
thread is wound in one continuous
line about 3,000 feet long when it is
later unwound from the cocoon. The
silk moth changes from caterpillar to
moth in about two weeks. If allowed
to hatch out of the cocoon, the
continuous thread will be destroyed.
Commercial sericulture involves
killing the pupae inside by baking the
cocoons.
Silk moths. the life cycle of the silk moth has
several stages from egg to adult moth over a
period of about six to eight weeks. the egg
hatches into a caterpillar that sheds its skin
several times before enclosing itself in a cocoon
made of silk filament. inside the cocoon, it
transforms from caterpillar to moth, a process
known as metamorphosis.
COUNTRY Production ( 1000 kg)
Peoples Republic of China 290,003
India 77000
Uzbekistan 17000
Brazil 11000
Iran 6000
Thailand 5000
Vietnam 3000
Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea 1500
Romania 1000
Japan 600
History Nylon is the first synthetic fiber manufactured by
man. Nylon is known for its high strength, elasticity,and resistance to oil and grease.
Nylon threads are used to produce fabrics, fishinglines and surgical threads. The first production ofnylon was in the late 1930s by the DuPont Co. usingchemicals extracted from coal, water, petroleum,natural gas and agricultural byproducts.
The process of making nylon thread consists of twostages called chemical combination (polymerization)and the manufacturing process (open polymerization).
Chemical Process-Polymerization
Stage one in nylon thread production is the chemical
process called polymerization. In this stage, nylon-
producing chemicals are combined and heated at
extremely high temperatures.
This heating process removes water and induces
polymerization when the small molecules combine to
form large molecules. A molten nylon substance is formed
and ready to move to the manufacturing process.
WHAT ARE THE USES OF NYLON?
Nylon is a high strength fibre. It is used for making fishing nets,
ropes, parachutes and type cords.
It is used for making fabrics in textile industry.
It is used for making fabrics in textile industry.
Crinkled nylon fibres are used for making elastic hosiery.
It is blended with wool to increase the strength.
Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester function group in their main chain. Although there are many polyesters' the term ‘polyester’ as a specific material not commonly refers to polyethylene terephthalate. Polyester include naturally occurring chemically such as in the cutin of plant cuticles' as well as synthetics through step growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate.
Polyester are used to make bottles, films, tarpaulin, canoes, liquid crystal displays, hologram, filters, film insulation tapes.
Polyesters are widely used as finish on high quality wood products such as guitars, pianos and vehicle interiors. Thyrotrophic properties of spray applicable polyesters make them ideal for used on open-grain timbers, as they can quickly fill wood grain, with a high-build film thickness per coat.