Supporting REDD+ in Bangladesh

Matieu HenryDhaka, October 25h 2011

1. UNREDD country support2. REDD+ history3. REDD+ activities4. Multiphase implementation of REDD+5. Forest Monitoring System 6. MRV system7. Conclusion

Content

1. UN-REDD Country Support

• Country-lead process: countries must request support• FAO: Focus on technical monitoring and MRV

The Programme currently has 35 partner countries spanning Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America, of which 14 are receiving support to National Programme activities.

UNREDD web site: Access the information from the other UN-REDD pilot and partner countries

2. REDD+ and UNFCCC

1997 2001 2004 2007 2010

The Kyoto protocol – discussion on LULUCF

Idea of compensating for reducing national

rates of deforestation

COP 11: REDD is back to the agenda

SBSTA 29 (Poznan): the concept of REDD+ is

introduced

COP 15: Copenhagen- Decision on

methodological guidance

COP 16: Cancun agreements – the

REDD+ mechanism is

launched

COP7: the Marrakesh

accords: REDD is removed from

LULUCFCOP 13: The Bali

Action Plan (REDD)

2. REDD+ and UNFCCC

ARTICLE 4 of the UNFCCC:COMMITMENTS

All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, shall:

(a) Develop, periodically update, publish and make available to the Conference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties;

Bangladesh12 November 2002

2. REDD+ and UNFCCC

(b) Enhanced national/international action […]

(ii) Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner;

(iii) Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries;

2. REDD+ and UNFCCC

Article 1 (c):

To use the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidance and guidelines, as adopted or encouraged by the Conference of the Parties, as appropriate, as a basis for estimating anthropogenic forest-related greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes;

2. REDD+ and UNFCCC

• Article 1 (d):

To establish, according to national circumstances and capabilities, robust and transparent national forest monitoring systems and, if appropriate, sub-national systems as part of national monitoring systems that:

(i) Use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based forest carbon inventory approaches for estimating, as appropriate, anthropogenic forest-related greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks and forest area changes;

(ii) Provide estimates that are transparent, consistent, as far as possible accurate, and that reduce uncertainties, taking into account national capabilities and capacities;

(iii) Are transparent and their results are available and suitable for review as agreed by the Conference of the Parties;

2. REDD+ and UNFCCC

The IPCC basic equation to estimates GHGs emission

from land use related activities

Emissions = AD • EF

AD = Activity Data EF = Emission Factors

A monitoring system under UNFCCC will have to provide data on forest area and forest area changes and also on carbon stock and carbon stock changes

Activity DataDefinition

Activity Data refers to the area extent of a land use category/ subcategory and to its area changes on time (e.g. changes in land use area) (ha.yr-1).

To report on the area changes countries should stratify their territory into homogeneous land categories/subcategories.

Emission Factors

Definition

Is a coefficient that quantifies the emissions or removals in areas undergoing human induced changes. (eqCO2.ha-1)

Emission factors are quantified through changes in carbon stocks in the pools considered by the IPCC.

2. Cancun Agreements

New mechanisms for mitigation actions in non-Annex I Parties

National appropriate mitigation actions by developing country parties (NAMAs)

-developing countries also contributes to climate change -capacity building provided depending on financial and technical supports-national communications have to be enhanced + every two years update reports (para 60 c.)-mitigation actions will be measured, reported and verified and subject to international verification in accordance with the guidelines developed under the Convention

Anne

x II

2. Cancun Agreements

New mechanisms for mitigation actions in non-Annex I Parties

Para

71

When undertaking activities referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision, the following safeguards should be promoted and supported: [...]

(e) Actions are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological diversity, [...] (f) Actions to address the risks of reversals; (g) Actions to reduce displacement of emissions.

Deforestation

DeforestationDegradation

Enhancement of forest C stock

Conservation

SMF

REDD+ potential activities

Enhancement of FCS

3. REDD+ activities

REDD+ will be fully integrated with other mitigation mechanisms under UNFCCC. The MRV System will become fully operational. Activity data (AD) and emission factors (EF) will be assessed to generate the national GHG inventory. This will require a LMS and National Forest Inventory (NFI) becoming fully operational. This Phase will result in payments for verified performance. The results will be verified by a roster of experts coordinated by the UNFCCC Secretariat.

Countries will need to define their national system for forest monitoring forest, safeguard’s information and MRV and initiate capacity building of all the institutions involved, with a view to operationalising these institutional arrangements in Phase II. Another area of work I is the development of a national framework for REDD+ Policies and Measures.

This is a transition phase focusing on the implementation of results-based demonstration activities. The net outcomes of these activities will be assessed by a Land Monitoring System (LMS). The LMS will also contribute to providing information on some of the REDD+ Safeguards.

Year 7Year 7Year 6Year 6Year 5Year 5Year 4Year 4Year 3Year 3Year 2Year 2Year 1Year 1

Phase IReadiness

Phase IReadiness

Phase IIResult based activities Implemented by

predictable funding

Phase IIResult based activities Implemented by

predictable funding

Phase IIIPayments for verified performance

Phase IIIPayments for verified performance

RE

DD

+ P

HA

SE

S

Capacity building & development

Capacity building & development

MR

V P

HA

SE

S

Monitoring of Policies & Measures

MRV System

LMS:AD

NFI: EF

GHG Inventory

CO2eLMS

Monitoring of Demonstration

Activities

4. Multiphase implementation of REDD+

• National REDD+ process (Phases 1 & 2):

• To access REDD+ finance (Phase 3):

Need an MRV system

For performance-based payments

Need a monitoring system

4. Multiphase implementation of REDD+

5. Forest Monitoring System

InterpretationVerification

Management

Development

Reporting

Country boundaries

Acquisition

-Crucial element to monitor the implementation of the REDD+ policies and measures-Provide forest cover area change data using remote sensing. -Operationalisation will be required in Phase 2 to provide RS monitoring data of sub-national demonstration activities and national coverage data for basic land use indicators.- should become fully operational in Phase 3.

Main elements of the system:

PRODES – Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project Brazilian Amazon Deforestation Assessment

DETER – Near real time Deforestation Detection with MODISSupport for Law Enforcement for Deforestation Control

DEGRAD – Amazon Degradation Monitoring Project

TERRA-AMAZON: Platform managing all operations using a unique corporate database in a distributed and concurrent environment

INPE forest monitoring system for Brazilian Amazon

Main elements of the system:

PRODES – Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project Brazilian Amazon Deforestation Assessment

DETER – Near real time Deforestation Detection with MODISSupport for Law Enforcement for Deforestation Control

DEGRAD – Amazon Degradation Monitoring Project

TERRA-AMAZON: Platform managing all operations using a unique corporate database in a distributed and concurrent environment

http://www.dpi.inpe.br/prodesdigital/prodes.php

NOT RELATED TO CARBON

5. Forest Monitoring System

LANDSAT

CCD/CBERS

DMC

LANDSAT

CBERS

SISPRODES

State boundaries

Multidata approach

5. MRV System

National Forest Inventory

Satellite monitoring system

GHG inventory

2005 LULUCF InventoryLULUCF

Inventory

Inventory compilation

QA/QC

Inventory compilation

QA/QC

Emission Inventory Database

Emission Inventory Database

UNFCCCUNFCCC

=x

The purposes of an MRV System are:

-to assess and report on anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks related to forest land during the third phase of REDD+- to enable identification and tracking of actions and processes related to the 5 REDD+ activities, following the most recently adopted or encouraged IPCC methodological approaches.

5. MRV System

National Forest Inventory

Assessing biomass, carbon stocks and emission factors. The data are mainly obtained from a national forest inventory. Forest classification and sampling design improves the accuracy and the efficiency of the inventory.

.

Verification of the forest cover change data using ground measurements and high resolution satellite imageries. The verification can be done by several institutions including the civil society.

Ca

rbo

n s

tocks

Time 1 Time 2

Emission Factor

Emission Factor

EF

The data are stored and harmonized into a REDD+ database. The data on forest land area are used to develop matrices representing the changes between land uses and within the forest land area

5. MRV SystemEmission Factor

Method 1 Method 2

Actions and activities (in and outside

forests)

Actions and activities (in and outside

forests)

National Forest Inventory

Satellite Forest monitoring System

GHG inventory

Benefit Distribution

System

Policies and measures

•Consistency with the objectives of national forest programmes•Respect rights of indigenous people•Participative approach•Risk of reversals•Reduce displacement

Policy and decision makers

International community and donor countries

International community and donor countries

FeasibilityAdaptabilityAdoptability

Deforestation

DeforestationDegradation

Enhancement of forest C stock

Conservation

SMF

Enhancement of FCS

Financial mechani

sms

Financial mechani

sms

7. CONCLUSION

National system for GHG inventory

Soil properties

Forest inventory

Livestock

Geospatial information Estimating

Archiving

QA/QC and verification

PlanningManaging

7. CONCLUSION

REDD+ Coordinatio

n(connected

with President

Office)

Land Satellite Monitoring

SystemAgency D

National Forest

InventoryAgency C

GHG National InventoryAgency B

Quality Control

National Communication

Agency A

VerificationVerificationInternal

independent evaluation

Internal independent evaluation

Quality Assurance

Do you have the necessary institutional arrangements to identify the mandate of each institution, and allow the permanent exchange of the data?

Tree species

database

NFI data(diameter, tree height

etc.)

Wood density

data

Spatial databas

e

Allometric

functions

Do you have a database and an archiving system to store the data and allow a transparent access to the different institutions?

Does the different institution use the same definitions and classification?

Emissions = AD • EF

AD = Activity Data EF = Emission Factors

Do you have a system to monitoring forest land use change?

Do you have a database for satellite imageries?

Do you have a Web-GIS interface to allow the transparent access of the data?

Do you have a national forest inventory and the adequate allometric model to assess biomass and carbon stocks?

Thank you for your attention!