supplementary material - environmental evidence · supplementary material characteristics of...

27
Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed in review. Note that these references are included in the list below along with studies that were rejected upon reading at full text (reasons for rejection were not recorded). References retrieved from electronic searching (1888). "Scientific News in Washington." Science 12(296): 160-162. (1894). "The Landslip at Gohna, in British Garwhal." Geographical Journal 4(2): 162-170. (1943). "Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 39th and 40th Annual Meetings Held Con-currently in Washington, D. C., September, 1943." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 33(4): 220-232. (1996). "Special issue on native and low-input grasses. Proceedings of the second Australasian perennial grass workshop, Launceston, Tasmania, 1995." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 39(4): 449-640. Adams, C. C., G. P. Burns, et al. (1920). "Plants and Animals of Mount Marcy, New York, Part I." Ecology 1(2): 71-94. Adams, C. C., G. P. Burns, et al. (1920). "Plants and Animals of Mount Marcy, New York, Part II." Ecology 1(3): 204-233. Adriaensen, F. and A. A. Dhondt (1990). "Population Dynamics and Partial Migration of the European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) in Different Habitats." The Journal of Animal Ecology 59(3): 1077-1090. Aerts, R. (1996). "Nutrient Resorption from Senescing Leaves of Perennials: Are there General Patterns?" Journal of Ecology 84(4): 597-608. Aiba, S.-I. and T. Kohyama (1996). "Tree Species Stratification in Relation to Allometry and Demography in a Warm-Temperate Rain Forest." Journal of Ecology 84(2): 207-218. Aizen, M. A. and E. Raffaele (1998). "Flowering-Shoot Defoliation Affects Pollen Grain Size and Postpollination Pollen Performance in Alstroemeria aurea." Ecology 79(6): 2133-2142. Allen, W. E. D. (1929). "The March-Lands of Georgia." Geographical Journal 74(2): 135-156. ANDREWS, J. (1990). "Management of lowland heathlands for wildlife." British Wildlife 1(6): 336-346. Anisko, T. and O. M. Lindstrom (1996). "Cold hardiness of evergreen azaleas is increased by water stress imposed at three dates." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121(2): 296-300. Arno, S. F. and J. R. Habeck (1972). "Ecology of Alpine Larch (Larix lyallii Parl.) in the Pacific Northwest." Ecological Monographs 42(4): 417-450. Arnold, M. L. (1992). "Natural Hybridization as an Evolutionary Process." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23: 237-261.

Upload: others

Post on 23-Mar-2020

25 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Supplementary material

Characteristics of included studies

The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed in

review. Note that these references are included in the list below along with

studies that were rejected upon reading at full text (reasons for rejection were

not recorded).

References retrieved from electronic searching

(1888). "Scientific News in Washington." Science 12(296): 160-162. (1894). "The Landslip at Gohna, in British Garwhal." Geographical Journal

4(2): 162-170. (1943). "Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 39th and 40th Annual Meetings

Held Con-currently in Washington, D. C., September, 1943." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 33(4): 220-232.

(1996). "Special issue on native and low-input grasses. Proceedings of the second Australasian perennial grass workshop, Launceston, Tasmania, 1995." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 39(4): 449-640.

Adams, C. C., G. P. Burns, et al. (1920). "Plants and Animals of Mount Marcy, New York, Part I." Ecology 1(2): 71-94.

Adams, C. C., G. P. Burns, et al. (1920). "Plants and Animals of Mount Marcy, New York, Part II." Ecology 1(3): 204-233.

Adriaensen, F. and A. A. Dhondt (1990). "Population Dynamics and Partial Migration of the European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) in Different Habitats." The Journal of Animal Ecology 59(3): 1077-1090.

Aerts, R. (1996). "Nutrient Resorption from Senescing Leaves of Perennials: Are there General Patterns?" Journal of Ecology 84(4): 597-608.

Aiba, S.-I. and T. Kohyama (1996). "Tree Species Stratification in Relation to Allometry and Demography in a Warm-Temperate Rain Forest." Journal of Ecology 84(2): 207-218.

Aizen, M. A. and E. Raffaele (1998). "Flowering-Shoot Defoliation Affects Pollen Grain Size and Postpollination Pollen Performance in Alstroemeria aurea." Ecology 79(6): 2133-2142.

Allen, W. E. D. (1929). "The March-Lands of Georgia." Geographical Journal 74(2): 135-156.

ANDREWS, J. (1990). "Management of lowland heathlands for wildlife." British Wildlife 1(6): 336-346.

Anisko, T. and O. M. Lindstrom (1996). "Cold hardiness of evergreen azaleas is increased by water stress imposed at three dates." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121(2): 296-300.

Arno, S. F. and J. R. Habeck (1972). "Ecology of Alpine Larch (Larix lyallii Parl.) in the Pacific Northwest." Ecological Monographs 42(4): 417-450.

Arnold, M. L. (1992). "Natural Hybridization as an Evolutionary Process." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23: 237-261.

Page 2: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Arunachalam, A., K. Maithani, et al. (1998). "Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient mineralization patterns in regrowing stands of a humid subtropical forest after tree cutting." Forest Ecology and Management 109(1-3): 151-161.

Auld, M. H. D. (1991). Proceedings of Heathlands Conference II: history and management of southern lowland heaths, Harrow House, Dorset. Auld, M. H. D. (1992). "Restoration of lowland heaths in Dorset." RSPB

Conservation Review 6: 68-73. Bannister, P. (1964). "Stomatal Responses of Heath Plants to Water Deficits."

The Journal of Ecology 52(1): 151-158. Bardsley, L. and T. J. C. Beebee (1998). "Interspecific Competition between

Bufo Larvae under Conditions of Community Transition." Ecology 79(5): 1751-1759.

Barloy, D., C. Etienne, et al. (2003). "Comparison of TAF46 and Zhong 5 resistances to barley yellow dwarf virus from Thinopyrum intermedium in wheat." Euphytica 129(3): 361-369.

Barns, T. A. (1928). "In Portuguese West Africa: Angola and the Isles of the Guinea Gulf." Geographical Journal 72(1): 18-35.

Barrett, S. C. H., L. D. Harder, et al. (1996). "The Comparative Biology of Pollination and Mating in Flowering Plants." Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 351(1345, Plant Life Histories: Ecological Correlates and Phylogenetic Constraints): 1271-1280.

Baskin, J. M. and C. C. Baskin (1990). "Germination Ecophysiology of Seeds of the Winter Annual Chaerophyllum Tainturieri: A New Type of Morphophysiological Dormancy." The Journal of Ecology 78(4): 993-1004.

Bauer, H., K. Plattner, et al. (2000). "Photosynthesis in Norway spruce seedlings infected by the needle rust Chrysomyxa rhodedendri." Tree Physiology 20(3): 211-216.

Becker, D. (1988). "Control and removal of Rhododendron ponticum on RSPB reserves in England and Wales." Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB).

Benke, A. C. and J. B. Wallace (1980). "Trophic Basis of Production Among Net-Spinning Caddisflies in a Southern Appalachian Stream." Ecology 61(1): 108-118.

Bennett, H. H. (1932). "Relation of Erosion to Vegetative Changes." The Scientific Monthly 35(5): 385-415.

Bertram, G. C. L. and D. Lack (1938). "Notes on the Animal Ecology of Bear Island." The Journal of Animal Ecology 7(1): 27-52.

BES. (1990). The biology and control of invasive plants: a conference, University of Wales College of Cardiff.

Bessey, E. A. (1901). "Section G, Botany." Science 14(355): 596-602. Bifoss, C. G. (1947). "The Water Conducting Capacity and Growth Habits of

Juniperus Horizontalis Moench and Juniperus Virginiana L." Ecology 28(3): 281-289.

Billings, W. D. (1941). "Quantitative Correlations Between Vegetational Changes and Soil Development." Ecology 22(4): 448-456.

Birks, H. J. B. (1976). "Late-Wisconsinan Vegetational History at Wolf Creek, Central Minnesota." Ecological Monographs 46(4): 395-429.

Page 3: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Birley, M. H. and J. P. T. Boorman (1982). "Estimating the Survival and Biting Rates of Haematophagous Insects, with Particular Reference to the Culicoides obsoletus Group (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Southern England." The Journal of Animal Ecology 51(1): 135-148.

Black, L. A., T. A. Nell, et al. (1991). "Forcing Irradiance, Temperature, and Fertilization Affect Quality of Gloria Azalea." Hortscience 26(11): 1397-1400.

Black, T. A. and F. M. Kelliher (1989). "Processes Controlling Understorey Evapotranspiration." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 324(1223, Forest, Weather and Climate): 207-229.

Blackwood, B. (1939). "Life on the upper Watut, New Guinea." Geographical Journal 94(1): 11-24.

Bliss, L. C. (1963). "Alpine Plant Communities of the Presidential Range, New Hampshire." Ecology 44(4): 678-697.

Bliss, L. C. (1966). "Plant Productivity in Alpine Microenvironments on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire." Ecological Monographs 36(2): 125-155.

Bliss, L. C. (1971). "Arctic and Alpine Plant Life Cycles." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2: 405-438.

Boa, Y. and E. T. Nilsen (1988). "The Ecophysiological Significance of Leaf Movements in Rhododendron Maximum." Ecology 69(5): 1578-1587.

Boettcher, S. E. and P. J. Kalisz (1990). "Single-Tree Influence on Soil Properties in the Mountains of Eastern Kentucky." Ecology 71(4): 1365-1372.

Bogdanov, S. (1997). "Nature and Origin of the Antibacterial Substances in Honey." Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie 30(7): 748-753.

Boring, L. R., C. D. Monk, et al. (1981). "Early Regeneration of a Clear-Cut Southern Appalachian Forest." Ecology 62(5): 1244-1253.

Boring, L. R. and W. T. Swank (1984). "The Role of Black Locust (Robinia Pseudo-Acacia) in Forest Succession." The Journal of Ecology 72(3): 749-766.

Boyd, L. A. and R. H. Menzies (1932). "Fiords of East Greenland: A Photographic Reconnaissance throughout the Franz Josef and King Oscar Flords." Geographical Review 22(4): 529-561.

Braun, E. L. (1942). "Forests of the Cumberland Mountains." Ecological Monographs 12(4): 413-447.

Brierley, W. B. (1921). "On a Form of Botrytis cinerea, with Colourless Sclerotia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 210: 83-114.

Brown, D. M. (1941). "Vegetation of Roan Mountain: A Phytosociological and Successional Study." Ecological Monographs 11(1): 61-97.

Brown, D. M. (1953). "Conifer Transplants to a Grassy Bald on Roan Mountain." Ecology 34(3): 614-617.

Bullock, J. M., J. Silvertown, et al. (1996). "Plant Demographic Responses to Environmental Variation: Distinguishing between Effects on Age Structure and Effects on Age-Specific Vital Rates." Journal of Ecology 84(5): 733-743.

BURTON, D., and others (1999). "Rhododendron: winning the battle." Enact 7(4): 10-18.

Page 4: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Buskirk, S. W., M. Yiqing, et al. (1996). "Winter Habitat Ecology of Sables (Martes Zibellina) in Relation to Forest Management in China." Ecological Applications 6(1): 318-325.

Cain, S. A. (1932). "Concerning Certain Phytosociological Concepts." Ecological Monographs 2(4): 475-508.

Caldwell, M. M. and M. L. Caldwell (1970). "A Fine Wire Psychrometer for Measurement of Humidity in the Vegetation Layer." Ecology 51(5): 918-920.

Cameron, R. W. F. and G. R. Dixon (2000). "The influence of temperature, daylength and calendar date on cold tolerance of Rhododendron." Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 75(4): 481-487.

Cameron, R. W. F., R. S. Harrison-Murray, et al. (2001). "Ornamental shrubs: Effects of stockplant management on the rooting and establishment of cuttings." Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 76(4): 489-496.

Cantlon, J. E. (1953). "Vegetation and Microclimates on North and South Slopes of Cushetunk Mountain, New Jersey." Ecological Monographs 23(3): 241-270.

Carcaillet, C. (1998). "A Spatially Precise Study of Holocene Fire History, Climate and Human Impact within the Maurienne Valley, North French Alps." Journal of Ecology 86(3): 384-396.

Carruthers, D. (1911). "Exploration in North-West Mongolia." Geographical Journal 37(2): 165-170.

Carter, V., P. T. Gammon, et al. (1994). "Ecotone Dynamics and Boundary Determination in the Great Dismal Swamp." Ecological Applications 4(1): 189-203.

Cates, R. G. and G. H. Orians (1975). "Sucessional Status and the Palatability of Plants to Generalized Herbivores." Ecology 56(2): 410-418.

Cavers, F. (1914). "Gola's Osmotic Theory of Edaphism." The Journal of Ecology 2(4): 209-231.

Chalker-Scott, L. and J. D. Scott (2004). "Elevated ultraviolet-B radiation induces cross-protection to cold in leaves of Rhododendron under field conditions." Photochemistry and Photobiology 79(2): 199-204.

Cheesman, L. E. (1938). "The Cyclops Mountains of Dutch New Guinea." Geographical Journal 91(1): 21-30.

Chow, K. L. and E. R. John (1958). "Effects of Intracerebral Injection of Anticholinesterase Drugs on Behavior in Rats." Science 128(3327): 781-782.

Christy, E. J. and R. N. Mack (1984). "Variation in Demography of Juvenile Tsuga Heterophylla Across the Substratum Mosaic." The Journal of Ecology 72(1): 75-91.

Churchill, E. D. (1955). "Phytosociological and Environmental Characteristics of Some Plant Communities in the Umiat Region of Alaska." Ecology 36(4): 606-627.

Clark, J. S. (1986). "Coastal Forest Tree Populations in a Changing Environment, Southeastern Long Island, New York." Ecological Monographs 56(3): 259-277.

Clark, J. S. and W. A. P. Iii (1985). "The Development of a Tidal Marsh: Upland and Oceanic Influences." Ecological Monographs 55(2): 189-217.

Page 5: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Clark, N. A. and B. H. Thomas (1934). "Microorganisms and Vitamin Production in Green Plants." Science 79(2060): 571-572.

Clay, D. V., Goodall, J.S. and Nelson, D.G. (1992). "The effect of imazapyr on Rhododendron ponticum." Aspects of Applied Biology 29: 287-294.

Clinton, B. D. (2003). "Light, temperature, and soil moisture responses to elevation, evergreen understory, and small canopy gaps in the southern Appalachians." Forest Ecology and Management 186(1-3): 243-255.

Clipsham, I. D. (1984). "The effect of an oil-surfactant additive on activity and leaf entry of hexazinone and glyphosate." Aspects of Applied Biology 5: 143-150.

Coaldrake, J. E. and K. P. Haydock (1958). "Soil Phosphate and Vegetal Pattern in Some Natural Communities of South-Eastern Queensland, Australia." Ecology 39(1): 1-5.

Colak, A. H., Cross, J. R. and Rotherham, I. D. (1998). "Rhododendron ponticum in native and exotic environments, with particular reference to Turkey and the British Isles." Journal of Practical Ecology and Conservation 2: 34-40.

Colangelo, D. J. and M. H. Brand (2001). "Nitrate leaching beneath a containerized nursery crop receiving trickle or overhead irrigation." Journal of Environmental Quality 30(5): 1564-1574.

Compton, S. G. (1997). "Control of Rhododendron ponticum on Lundy in relation to the conservation of the endemic plant Lundy cabbage Coincya wrightii." English Nature Research Reports 263.

Compton, S. G. and R. S. Key (2000). "Coincya wrightii (O. E. Schulz) Stace (Rhynchosinapis wrightii (O.E. Schulz) Dandy ex A.R. Clapham)." Journal of Ecology 88(3): 535-547.

Conard, H. S. (1933). "Plant Sociology." The Scientific Monthly 36(2): 172-175.

Cooke, A. S. (1986). The use of herbicides on nature reserves. Coombe, D. E. (1956). "Impatiens Parviflor a DC." The Journal of Ecology

44(2): 701-713. Cooper-Ellis, S., D. R. Foster, et al. (1999). "Forest Response to Catastrophic

Wind: Results from an Experimental Hurricane." Ecology 80(8): 2683-2696.

Cordero, R. A. and E. T. Nilsen (2002). "Effects of summer drought and winter freezing on stem hydraulic conductivity of Rhododendron species from contrasting climates." Tree Physiology 22(13): 919-928.

Cornelissen, J. H. C. (1996). "An Experimental Comparison of Leaf Decomposition Rates in a Wide Range of Temperate Plant Species and Types." Journal of Ecology 84(4): 573-582.

Cornelissen, J. H. C., P. C. Diez, et al. (1996). "Seedling Growth, Allocation and Leaf Attributes in a Wide Range of Woody Plant Species and Types." Journal of Ecology 84(5): 755-765.

Corner, E. J. H. (1970). "Ficus Subgen. Ficus. Two Rare and Primitive Pachycaul Species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 259(831): 353-381.

Cornwall, J. H. M. (1924). "A Journey in Anatolia." Geographical Journal 64(3): 213-222.

Page 6: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Covacevich, F. and H. E. Echeverria (2003). "The use of formaldehyde for eliminating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from soil samples

[Utilizacion de formaldehido para la erradicacion de hongos micorritocos arbusculares de muestras de suelo]." Ciencia del Suelo 21(1): 9-17.

Cowan, I. M. (1945). "The Ecological Relationships of the Food of the Columbian Black-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus hemionus columbianus (Richardson), in the Coast Forest Region of Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Ecological Monographs 15(2): 109-139.

Cox, C. M., T. D. Murray, et al. (2002). "Perennial wheat germ plasm lines resistant to eyespot, Cephalosporium stripe, and wheat streak mosaic." Plant Disease 86(9): 1043-1048.

Crandall, D. L. (1958). "Ground Vegetation Patterns of the Spruce-Fir Area of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Ecological Monographs 28(4): 337-360.

Crawley, M. J., P. H. Harvey, et al. (1996). "Comparative Ecology of the Native and Alien Floras of the British Isles." Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 351(1345, Plant Life Histories: Ecological Correlates and Phylogenetic Constraints): 1251-1259.

Cresswell, W. (1998). "Diurnal and Seasonal Mass Variation in Blackbirds Turdus merula: Consequences for Mass-Dependent Predation Risk." Journal of Animal Ecology 67(1): 78-90.

Cross, J. R. (1973). The ecology and control of Rhododendron ponticum, University of Dublin.

Cross, J. R. (1975). "Rhododendron Ponticum L." The Journal of Ecology 63(1): 345-364.

Cross, J. R. (1981). "The Establishment of Rhododendron Ponticum in the Killarney Oakwoods, S. W. Ireland." The Journal of Ecology 69(3): 807-824.

Dandy, J. E., B. L. Burtt, et al. (1964). "Remarks on the Birds of Mt Kinabalu: Discussion." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 161(982, A Discussion on the Results of the Royal Society Expedition to North Borneo, 1961): 82-90.

Dansereau, P. (1951). "Description and Recording of Vegetation Upon a Structural Basis." Ecology 32(2): 172-229.

Day, F. P. and C. D. Monk (1974). "Vegetation Patterns on a Southern Appalachian Watershed." Ecology 55(5): 1064-1074.

De' Ath, M. R. (1988). "Triclopyr - a review of its forestry and industrial weed control uses." Aspects of Applied Biology 16: 183-188.

de Terra, H. (1944). "Component Geographic Factors of the Natural Regions of Burma." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 34(2): 67-96.

Dean, M. H. (1966). "A Survey of the Uranium Content of Vegetation in Great Britain." The Journal of Ecology 54(3): 589-595.

Decooman, L., E. S. W. Everaert, et al. (1993). "Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Petals of Rhododendron-Simsii." Phytochemistry 33(6): 1419-1426.

Defra (2001d). Agronomy notes, Docks. 4. Dehnen-Schmutz, K., C. Perrings, et al. (2004). "Controlling Rhododendron

ponticum in the British Isles: an economic analysis." Journal of Environmental Management 70(4): 323-332.

Page 7: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Deinzer, M. L., P. A. Thomson, et al. (1977). "Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Their Occurrence in Honey from Tansy Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.)." Science 195(4277): 497-499.

Dixon, F. L. and D. V. Clay (2002). "Imazapyr application to Rhododendron ponticum: speed of action and effects on other vegetation." Forestry 75(3): 217-225.

Dorfman, B.-Z., B. A. Goldfinger, et al. (1970). "Partial Reversion in Yeast: Genetic Evidence for a New Type of Bifunctional Protein." Science 168(3938): 1482-1484.

Douglas., M. (1986). "Banstead Woods - an ecological survey." London Naturalist 65: 83-100.

Drew, J. V. and R. E. Shanks (1965). "Landscape Relationships of Soils and Vegetation in the Forest-Tundra Ecotone, Upper Firth River Valley, Alaska-Canada." Ecological Monographs 35(3): 285-306.

Dunning, C. A., L. Chalkerscott, et al. (1994). "Exposure to Ultraviolet-B Radiation Increases Cold-Hardiness in Rhododendron." Physiologia Plantarum 92(3): 516-520.

Dunwiddie, P. W. (1986). "A 6000-Year Record of Forest History on Mount Rainier, Washington." Ecology 67(1): 58-68.

Edwards, C., Tracy D. R. and Morgan J. L. (1993). "Rhododendron control by Imazapyr." Forestry Commission Research Information Note Note 233.

Edwards, C., Morgan, J. L. and Willoughby, I. (1994). "Approved herbicides for use in Forestry." Forestry Commission Research Information Note 246.

Edwards, C., and Morgan, J. (1997). "Cut stump applications with Imazapyr." Forestry Commission Research Information Note 293.

Edwards, C., and Mason W.L (1999). "Herbicide control of Rhododendron ponticum following mechanical clearance by hydraulic flail." Proceedings Crop Protection in Northern Britain II: 145-150.

Edwards, C., and Mason W.L (2000). Long term structure and vegetation changes in a native pinewood reserve in Northern Scotland. Conference on long-term monitoring, Oxford University.

Edwards, C., Clay D.V. and Dixon, F.L. (2000). "Stem treatment to control Rhododendron ponticum under woodland canopies." Aspects of Applied Biology 58.

Edwards, C. a. D. A. (1994). "Black Wood of Rannoch - Effects of an Exclosure on tree regeneration." Native Woodland discussion group newsletter 19: 49-52.

Edwards, C. a. M. J. L. (1996). "Control of Rhododendron ponticum by stump applications of herbicides following mechanical clearance." Proceedings Crop Protection in Northern Britain: 213-218.

Edwards, C. a. M. J. L. (1996). "Long term monitoring within the Black Wood of Rannoch." Native Woodland discussion group newsletter 21: 40-41.

Edwards, C. a. N. C. J. (1998). "Testing plant quality." FCR Forest Practice Information Note 11.

Edwards, C. a. N. C. J. (1999). The potential role of uneven-aged management in Scots pine forests in Northern Britain: Studies of age structure and stand dynamics. IUFRO Uneven aged silviculture symposium, Corvallis, Oregon.

Page 8: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Edwards, P. J. and P. J. Grubb (1977). "Studies of Mineral Cycling in a Montane Rain Forest in New Guinea: I. The Distribution of Organic Matter in the Vegetation and Soil." The Journal of Ecology 65(3): 943-969.

Egler, F. E. (1940). "Berkshire Plateau Vegetation, Massachusetts." Ecological Monographs 10(2): 145-192.

Egunjobi, J. K. (1971). "Ecosystem Processes in a Stand of Ulex Europaeus L.: I. Dry Matter Production, Litter Fall and Efficiency of Solar Energy Utilization." The Journal of Ecology 59(1): 31-38.

Ellstrand, N. C. and K. A. Schierenbeck (2000). "Hybridization as a Stimulus for the Evolution of Invasiveness in Plants?" Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97(13): 7043-7050.

EN (1999). Chalk rivers - nature conservation and management. Peterborough, English Nature.

Englander, L., J. A. Merlino, et al. (1980). "Efficacy of 2 New Systemic Fungicides and Ethazole for Control of Phytophthora Root-Rot of Rhododendron, and Spread of Phytophthora-Cinnamomi in Propagation Benches." Phytopathology 70(12): 1175-1179.

Escaravage, N., E. Flubacker, et al. (2001). "Stamen dimorphism in Rhododendron ferrugineum (Ericaceae): Development and function." American Journal of Botany 88(1): 68-75.

Esen, D. and S. M. Zedaker (2004). "Control of rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum and R-flavum) in the eastern beech (Fagus orientalis) forests of Turkey." New Forests 27(1): 69-79.

EVANS, C. E. (1988). "Rhododendron control on RSPB reserves." RSPB. Conservation Review 2: 54-56.

Evans, E. P. (1928). "Warburton Moss: A Study of Certain Semi-Natural Plant Communities in North- East Cheshire." The Journal of Ecology 16(2): 366-398.

Evans, P. M. and G. A. Kearney (2003). "Melilotus albus (Medik.) is productive and regenerates well on saline soils of neutral to alkaline reaction in the high rainfall zone of south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43(4): 349-355.

Evans, P. M. and G. A. Kearney (2003). "Melilotus albus (Medik.) is productive and regenerates well on saline soils of neutral to alkaline reaction in the high rainfall zone of south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43(4): 349-355.

Fang, J. G. and P. H. Tsao (1995). "Efficacy of Penicillium-Funiculosum as a Biological-Control Agent against Phytophthora Root Rots of Azalea and Citrus." Phytopathology 85(8): 871-878.

Fang, J. G. and P. H. Tsao (1995). "Evaluation of Pythium-Nunn as a Potential Biocontrol Agent against Phytophthora Root Rots of Azalea and Sweet-Orange." Phytopathology 85(1): 29-36.

Fang, J. Y., S. L. Fei, et al. (2000). "Ecological patterns in anatomic characters of leaves and woods of Fagus lucida and their climatic control in Mountain Fanjingshan, Guizhou, China." Acta Botanica Sinica 42(6): 636-642.

Fitter, A. H. and B. Moyersoen (1996). "Evolutionary Trends in Root-Microbe Symbioses." Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences

Page 9: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

351(1345, Plant Life Histories: Ecological Correlates and Phylogenetic Constraints): 1367-1375.

Flowerdew, J. R. and G. Gardner (1978). "Small Rodent Populations and Food Supply in a Derbyshire Ashwood." The Journal of Animal Ecology 47(3): 725-740.

Fonda, R. W. and L. C. Bliss (1969). "Forest Vegetation of the Montane and Subalpine Zones, Olympic Mountains, Washington." Ecological Monographs 39(3): 271-301.

Ford, W. M., M. A. Menzel, et al. (1999). "Effects of a community restoration fire on small mammals and herpetofauna in the southern Appalachians." Forest Ecology and Management 114(2-3): 233-243.

Forrest, G. (1908). "Journey on Upper Salwin, October-December, 1905." Geographical Journal 32(3): 239-266.

Forsaith, C. C. (1920). "Anatomical Reduction in Some Alpine Plants." Ecology 1(2): 124-135.

Foscue, E. J. (1945). "Gatlinburg: A Mountain Community." Economic Geography 21(3): 192-205.

Franke, K. W. and V. R. Potter (1936). "The Ability of Rats to Discriminate between Diets of Varying Degrees of Toxicity." Science 83(2153): 330-332.

Franklin, J. F., T. Maeda, et al. (1979). "Subalpine Coniferous Forests of Central Honshu, Japan." Ecological Monographs 49(3): 311-334.

Freeman, E. M. (1937). "In Praise of Parasitism." The Scientific Monthly 44(1): 67-76.

Freshfield, D. W. (1888). "Suanetia." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 10(6): 325-351.

Freshfield, D. W. (1890). "Search and Travel in the Caucasus." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 12(5): 257-286.

Freshfield, D. W. (1924). "The Conquest of Mount Everest." Geographical Journal 63(3): 229-237.

Fryer, J. D. a. M., R.J. (1978). Weed control handbook. Vol.2: Recommendations including plant growth regulators, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, Uk.

Fuller, R. M. and L. A. Boorman (1977). "The spread and development of Rhododendron ponticum L. on dunes at Winterton, Norfolk, in comparison with invasion by Hippophae rhamnoides L. at Saltfleetby, Lincolnshire." Biological Conservation 12(2): 83-94.

Fustec, J. and F. Beaujard (2000). "Effect of photoperiod and nitrogen supply on basal shoots development in Rhododendron catawbiense." Biologia Plantarum 43(4): 511-515.

Gansert, D., K. Backes, et al. (1999). "Altitudinal and Seasonal Variation of Frost Resistance of Fagus crenata and Betula ermanii along the Pacific Slope of Mt. Fuji, Japan." Journal of Ecology 87(3): 382-390.

Gashwiler, J. S. (1970). "Plant and Mannal Changes on a Clearcut In West-Central Oregon." Ecology 51(6): 1018-1026.

Gates, F. C. (1915). "A Sphagnum Bog in the Tropics." The Journal of Ecology 3(1): 24-30.

Gaw, H. Z. and H. P. Wang (1949). "Survey of Chinese Drugs for Presence of Antibacterial Substances." Science 110(2844): 11-12.

Page 10: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Gemborys, S. R. and E. J. Hodgkins (1971). "Forests of Small Stream Bottoms in the Coastal Plain of Southwestern Alabama." Ecology 52(1): 70-84.

George, L. O. and F. A. Bazzaz (1999). "The Fern Understory as an Ecological Filter: Emergence and Establishment of Canopy-Tree Seedlings." Ecology 80(3): 833-845.

Gersmehl, P. J. (1976). "An Alternative Biogeography." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 66(2): 223-241.

Gilbert, O. L. (1995). "Symphoricarpos Albus (L.) S. F. Blake (S. Rivularis Suksd., S. Racemosus Michaux)." Journal of Ecology 83(1): 159-166.

Ginn., H. (1985). "Dersingham Bog SSSI." Glaser, P. H. (1992). "Raised Bogs in Eastern North America--Regional

Controls for Species Richness and Floristic Assemblages." The Journal of Ecology 80(3): 535-554.

Godwin, H. (1943). "Frangula Alnus Miller." The Journal of Ecology 31(1): 77-92.

Godwin, H. and J. S. Turner (1933). "Soil Acidity in Relation to Vegetational Succession in Calthorpe Broad, Norfolk." The Journal of Ecology 21(2): 235-262.

Golden, M. S. (1979). "Forest Vegetation of the Lower Alabama Piedmont." Ecology 60(4): 770-782.

Gorman, N. R. and M. C. Starrett (2003). "Host range of a select isolate of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae." Hortscience 38(6): 1163-1166.

Gray, A. J. (1986). "Do Invading Species have Definable Genetic Characteristics?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 314(1167, Quantitative Aspects of the Ecology of Biological Invasions): 655-672.

Green, S. (2003). "A review of the potential for the use of bioherbicides to control forest weeds in the UK." Forestry 76(3): 285-298.

Greene, D. F. and E. A. Johnson (1994). "Estimating the Mean Annual Seed Production of Trees." Ecology 75(3): 642-647.

Gritten, R. (1981). The spread of Rhododendron ponticum: a National Problem, Snowdonia, North Wales, Snowdonia National Park Authority.

Gritten, R. (1988). "Invasive plants in the Snowdonia National Park." Ecos, 9(1): 17-22.

Grossman, G. D., R. E. Ratajczak, Jr., et al. (1998). "Assemblage Organization in Stream Fishes: Effects of Environmental Variation and Interspecific Interactions." Ecological Monographs 68(3): 395-420.

Grubb, P. J. (1992). "Presidential Address: A Positive Distrust in Simplicity - Lessons From Plant Defences and From Competition Among Plants and Among Animals." The Journal of Ecology 80(4): 585-610.

Grubb, P. J. and P. J. Edwards (1982). "Studies of Mineral Cycling in a Montane Rain Forest in New Guinea: III. The Distribution of Mineral Elements in the Above-Ground Material." The Journal of Ecology 70(2): 623-648.

Gudger, E. W. (1914). "The North Carolina Academy of Science." Science 40(1028): 384-388.

Gurtz, M. E. and J. B. Wallace (1984). "Substrate-Mediated Response of Stream Invertebrates to Disturbance." Ecology 65(5): 1556-1569.

Page 11: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

HACK, V. (1998). "Trentham Estate ecological assessment: extended Phase 1 vegetation survey of Kings Wood, Fernybank and Monument Wood."

HAIG, P. (1996). "An investigation into the management of Rhododendron ponticum at Wolferton SSSI, Norfolk."

Hairston, N. G. (1949). "The Local Distribution and Ecology of the Plethodontid Salamanders of the Southern Appalachians." Ecological Monographs 19(1): 47-73.

Hairston, N. G. (1980). "The Experimental Test of an Analysis of Field Distributions: Competition In Terrestrial Salamanders." Ecology 61(4): 817-826.

Hall, I. V. (1959). "Plant Populations in Blueberry Stands Developed from Abandoned Hayfields and Woodlots." Ecology 40(4): 742-743.

Hall, R. O., Jr. and J. L. Meyer (1998). "The Trophic Significance of Bacteria in a Detritus-Based Stream Food Web." Ecology 79(6): 1995-2012.

Halpern, C. B. (1988). "Early Successional Pathways and the Resistance and Resilience of Forest Communities." Ecology 69(6): 1703-1715.

Halpern, C. B. (1989). "Early Successional Patterns of Forest Species: Interactions of Life History Traits and Disturbance." Ecology 70(3): 704-720.

Halpern, C. B. and T. A. Spies (1995). "Plant Species Diversity in Natural and Managed Forests of the Pacific Northwest." Ecological Applications 5(4): 913-934.

Hanbury-Tenison, A. R. and A. C. Jermy (1979). "The Rgs Expedition to Gunong Mulu, Sarawak 1977-78." Geographical Journal 145(2): 175-191.

Hansen, O. B. and J. R. Potter (1997). "Rooting of apple, rhododendron, and mountain laurel cuttings from stock plants etiolated under two temperatures." Hortscience 32(2): 304-306.

Hanson-Lowe, J. (1940). "A Journey along the Chinese: Tibetan Border." Geographical Journal 95(5): 357-367.

Harney, B. A. and R. D. Dueser (1987). "Vertical Stratification of Activity of Two Peromyscus Species: An Experimental Analysis." Ecology 68(4): 1084-1091.

Harrison, S. (1997). "How Natural Habitat Patchiness Affects the Distribution of Diversity in Californian Serpentine Chaparral." Ecology 78(6): 1898-1906.

Harshberger, J. W. (1919). "Alpine Fell-Fields of Eastern North America." Geographical Review 7(4): 233-255.

Harshberger, J. W. (1923). "Hemerecology: The Ecology of Cultivated Fields, Parks, and Gardens." Ecology 4(3): 297-306.

Hartman, R. T. and C. L. Himes (1961). "Phytoplankton from Pymatuning Reservoir in Downstream Areas of the Shenango River." Ecology 42(1): 180-183.

Havel, J. J. (1971). "The Araucaria Forests of New Guinea and Their Regenerative Capacity." The Journal of Ecology 59(1): 203-214.

Heinrich, B. (1975). "Energetics of Pollination." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 6: 139-170.

Heinrich, B. (1976). "Flowering Phenologies: Bog, Woodland, and Disturbed Habitats." Ecology 57(5): 890-899.

Page 12: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Heinrich, B. (1976). "Resource Partitioning Among Some Eusocial Insects: Bumblebees." Ecology 57(5): 874-889.

Hellmuth, E. O. (1971). "Eco-Physiological Studies on Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions in Western Australia: V. Heat Resistance Limits of Photosynthetic Organs of Different Seasons, Their Relation to Water Deficits and Cell Sap Properties and the Regeneration Ability." The Journal of Ecology 59(2): 365-374.

Hemond, H. F. (1980). "Biogeochemistry of Thoreau's Bog, Concord, Massachusetts." Ecological Monographs 50(4): 507-526.

Heusser, C. J. (1956). "Postglacial Environments in the Canadian Rocky Mountains." Ecological Monographs 26(4): 263-302.

Hill, J. and G. D. Grossman (1993). "An Energetic Model of Microhabitat Use for Rainbow Trout and Rosyside Dace." Ecology 74(3): 685-698.

Hoffmann, C. H., H. K. Townes, et al. (1949). "Field Studies on the Effects of Airplane Applications of DDT on Forest Invertebrates." Ecological Monographs 19(1): 1-46.

Hoover, L. D., J. D. McRae, et al. (1999). "Horse mountain botanical area serpentine revegetation study." Natural Areas Journal 19(4): 361-367.

Hope, G. S. (1976). "The Vegetational History of Mt Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea." The Journal of Ecology 64(2): 627-663.

Hornbeck, J. W. and W. T. Swank (1992). "Watershed Ecosystem Analysis as a Basis for Multiple-Use Management of Eastern Forests." Ecological Applications 2(3): 238-247.

Horowitz, K. A., D. C. Lewis, et al. (1975). "Plant "Primary Perception": Electrophysiological Unresponsiveness to Brine Shrimp Killing." Science 189(4201): 478-480.

Horvitz, C. C., J. B. Pascarella, et al. (1998). "Functional Roles of Invasive Non-Indigenous Plants in Hurricane-Affected Subtropical Hardwood Forests." Ecological Applications 8(4): 947-974.

Hosley, N. W. and R. K. Ziebarth (1935). "Some Winter Relations of the White-Tailed Deer to the Forests in North Central Massachusetts." Ecology 16(4): 535-553.

Hough, A. F. (1965). "A Twenty-Year Record of Understory Vegetational Change in a Virgin Pennsylvania Forest." Ecology 46(3): 370-373.

Howells, G. (1987). The attitude of nature conservationists towards Rhododendron ponticum: A National Problem, Report on the discussion conference held in Snowdonia, North Wales. Penrhyndeudraeth: Snowdonia National Park Authority.

Jacquemart, A.-L. (1996). "Vaccinium Uliginosum L." Journal of Ecology 84(5): 771-785.

James, H. E. M. (1887). "A Journey in Manchuria." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 9(9): 531-567.

Jenny, H. (1958). "Role of the Plant Factor in the Pedogenic Functions." Ecology 39(1): 5-16.

Johnson, A. S., P. E. Hale, et al. (1995). "White-Tailed Deer Foraging in Relation to Successional Stage, Overstory Type and Management of Southern Appalachian Forests." American Midland Naturalist 133(1): 18-35.

Page 13: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Johnson, D. S. (1910). "A University Botanical Garden." Science 31(800): 648-655.

Johnson, P. J. and W. T. Swank (1973). "Studies of Cation Budgets in the Southern Appalachians on Four Experimental Watersheds with Contrasting Vegetation." Ecology 54(1): 70-80.

Jonasson, S. (1986). "Influence of Frost Heaving on Soil Chemistry and on the Distribution of Plant Growth Forms." Geografiska Annaler. Series A. Physical Geography 68(3): 185-195.

Jonasson, S. (1995). "Resource Allocation in Relation to Leaf Retention Time of the Wintergreen Rhododendron Lapponicum." Ecology 76(2): 475-485.

Jonasson, S. and G. R. Shaver (1999). "Within-Stand Nutrient Cycling in Arctic and Boreal Wetlands." Ecology 80(7): 2139-2150.

Jordan, M. J. (1975). "Effects of Zinc Smelter Emissions and Fire on a Chestnut-Oak Woodland." Ecology 56(1): 78-91.

Jordan, T. G. (1970). "The Texan Appalachia." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 60(3): 409-427.

Karan, P. P. and S. Iijima (1985). "Environmental Stress in the Himalaya." Geographical Review 75(1): 71-92.

Karan, P. P. and C. Mather (1985). "Tourism and Environment in the Mount Everest Region." Geographical Review 75(1): 93-95.

Karlsson, P. F. (1994). "The Significance of Internal Nutrient Cycling in Branches for Growth and Reproduction of Rhododendron-Lapponicum." Oikos 70(2): 191-200.

Kearsley, M. J. C. and T. G. Whitham (1998). "The Developmental Stream of Cottonwoods Affects Ramet Growth and Resistance to Galling Aphids." Ecology 79(1): 178-191.

Keever, C. (1953). "Present Composition of Some Stands of the Former Oak-Chestnut Forest in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains." Ecology 34(1): 44-54.

Keever, C. (1973). "Distribution of Major Forest Species in Southeastern Pennsylvania." Ecological Monographs 43(3): 303-327.

Keizer, P. J., B. F. van Tooren, et al. (1985). "Effects of Bryophytes on Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Short- Lived Forbs in Chalk Grassland." The Journal of Ecology 73(2): 493-504.

Kelly, D. (1981). "The Native Forest vegetation of Killarney, South-West Ireland: An ecological account." The Journal of Ecology 69(2): 437-472.

Kendeigh, S. C. (1942). "Research Areas in the National Parks, January 1942." Ecology 23(2): 236-238.

Kenyon, D. M., G. R. Dixon, et al. (1995). "Culture in-Vitro of Rhododendron and Erysiphe Sp." Plant Pathology 44(2): 350-354.

Kenyon, D. M., G. R. Dixon, et al. (1997). "The repression and stimulation of growth of Erysiphe sp. on Rhododendron by fungicidal compounds." Plant Pathology 46(3): 425-431.

Kenyon, D. M., G. R. Dixon, et al. (1997). "The repression and stimulation of growth of Erysiphe sp. on Rhododendron by fungicidal compounds." Plant Pathology 46(3): 425-431.

King, A. W. (1939). "Plantation and Agriculture in Malaya, with Notes on the Trade of Singapore." Geographical Journal 93(2): 136-148.

Page 14: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Kingdon-Ward, F. (1947). "Tibet as a Grazing Land." Geographical Journal 110(1/3): 60-75.

Kingdon-Ward, F. (1955). "Aftermath of the Great Assam Earthquake of 1950." Geographical Journal 121(3): 290-303.

Kleeberger, S. R. (1984). "A Test of Competition in Two Sympatric Populations of Desmognathine Salamanders." Ecology 65(6): 1846-1856.

Klein, H. G. (1960). "Ecological Relationships of Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis and P. maniculatus gracilis in Central New York." Ecological Monographs 30(4): 387-407.

Klingeman, W. E., S. K. Braman, et al. (2000). "Evaluating grower, landscape manager, and consumer perceptions of azalea lace bug (Heteroptera : Tingidae) feeding injury." Journal of Economic Entomology 93(1): 141-148.

Klingeman, W. E., S. K. Braman, et al. (2000). "Feeding injury of the azalea lace bug (Heteroptera : Tingidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 35(3): 213-219.

Klingeman, W. E., S. K. Braman, et al. (2001). "Azalea growth in response to azalea lace bug (Heteroptera : Tingidae) feeding." Journal of Economic Entomology 94(1): 129-137.

Klingeman, W. E., G. D. Buntin, et al. (2001). "Using aesthetic assessments of azalea lace bug (Heteroptera : tingidae) feeding injury to provide thresholds for pest management decisions." Journal of Economic Entomology 94(5): 1187-1192.

Klingeman, W. E., G. D. Buntin, et al. (2000). "Whole-plant gas exchange, not individual-leaf measurements, accurately assesses azalea response to insecticides." Crop Protection 19(6): 407-415.

Klingeman, W. E., M. W. Van Iersel, et al. (2000). "Whole-plant CO2 exchange measurements on azaleas injured by azalea lace bug (Heteroptea : Tingidae) feeding." Journal of Economic Entomology 93(2): 352-356.

Klocke, J. A. and I. Kubo (1991). "Defense of Plants through Regulation of Insect Feeding-Behavior." Florida Entomologist 74(1): 18-23.

Korstian, C. F. (1937). "Perpetuation of Spruce on Cut-Over and Burned Lands in the Higher Southern Appalachian Mountains." Ecological Monographs 7(1): 125-167.

Kowal, N. E. (1966). "Shifting Cultivation, Fire, and Pine Forest in the Cordillera Central, Luzon, Philippines." Ecological Monographs 36(4): 389-419.

Kruckeberg, A. R. and D. Rabinowitz (1985). "Biological Aspects of Endemism in Higher Plants." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16: 447-479.

Kuske, C. R. and D. M. Benson (1982). "Splash Dispersal and Cultural-Control of Phytophthora- Parasitica Causing Dieback of Rhododendron." Phytopathology 72(3): 359-359.

Kuske, C. R., D. M. Benson, et al. (1983). "A Gravel Container Base for Control of Phytophthora Dieback in Rhododendron Nurseries." Plant Disease 67(10): 1112-1113.

Page 15: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Laiolo, P. (2004). "Diversity and structure of the bird community overwintering in the Himalayan subalpine zone: is conservation compatible with tourism?" Biological Conservation 115(2): 251-262.

Lambers, J. H. R. and J. S. Clark (2003). "Effects of dispersal, shrubs, and density-dependent mortality on seed and seedling distributions in temperate forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 33(5): 783-795.

LaMondia, J. A. (1999). "Efficacy of insecticides for control of Aphelenchoides fragariae and Ditylenchus dipsaci in flowering perennial ornamentals." Journal of Nematology 31(4): 644-649.

Lawrie, J. a. C., V. (1993). "Effects of herbicide mixtures and additives on Rhododendron ponticum." Weed Research 33: 25-34.

Lawrie, J. a. C., V. (1993). "Effects of herbicide mixtures and additives on Rhododendron ponticum." Weed Research 33: 25-34.

Lebkuecher, J. G. and W. G. Eickmeier (1993). "Physiological Benefits of Stem Curling for Resurrection Plants in the Field." Ecology 74(4): 1073-1080.

Lens, L., F. Adriaensen, et al. (1994). "Age-Related Hoarding Strategies in the Crested Tit Parus cristatus: Should the Cost of Subordination be Re-Assessed?" The Journal of Animal Ecology 63(4): 749-755.

Li, H. Y., Q. Chen, et al. (2003). "Inheritance of Blue Grain Colour and Its Association with J and J s Translocation Chromosomes in Wheat-Agrotana Hybrid Lines." Cytologia 68(3): 307-315.

Lillie, R. S. (1919). "Resemblances between the Properties of Surface-Films in Passive Metals and in Protoplasm. I." Science 50(1289): 259-262.

Lockley, R. M. (1961). "Social Structure and Stress in the Rabbit Warren." The Journal of Animal Ecology 30(2): 385-423.

Loehle, C. (1997). "The Adaptive Significance of Trunk Inclination on Slopes: A Commentary." Proceedings: Biological Sciences 264(1386): 1371-1374.

Longstaff, T. G. (1908). "A Mountaineering Expedition to the Himalaya of Garhwal." Geographical Journal 31(4): 361-388.

Lorimer, C. G. (1980). "Age Structure and Disturbance History of a Southern Appalachian Virgin Forest." Ecology 61(5): 1169-1184.

Lutz, H. J. (1930). "The Vegetation of Heart's content, A Virgin Forest in Northwestern Pennsylvania." Ecology 11(1): 1-29.

Madison, D. M. and C. R. Shoop (1970). "Homing Behavior, Orientation, and Home Range of Salamanders Tagged with Tantalum-182." Science 168(3938): 1484-1487.

Maier, C. T. (1995). "Hosts and Density of Lyonetia Spp (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) Mining the Foliage of Woody Ericaceous and Rosaceous Plants." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88(6): 739-747.

Major, J. (1963). "A Climatic Index to Vascular Plant Activity." Ecology 44(3): 485-498.

Mark, A. F. (1958). "The Ecology of the Southern Appalachian Grass Balds." Ecological Monographs 28(4): 293-336.

Markham, C. R. (1866). "On the Effects of the Destruction of Forests in the Western Ghauts of India on the Water-Supply." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 36: 180-195.

Page 16: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Marks, G. C. and I. W. Smith (1990). "Control of Experimental Phytophthora-Cinnamomi Stem Infections of Rhododendron, Leucadendron and Eucalyptus by Dimethomorph, Fosetyl-Al and Metalaxyl." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30(1): 139-143.

Marshall, J. D. and R. H. Waring (1986). "Comparison of Methods of Estimating Leaf-Area Index In Old-Growth Douglas-Fir." Ecology 67(4): 975-979.

Mason, J. R., J. Neal, et al. (1991). "Bird-Repellent Properties of Secretions from Nymphs of the Azalea Lace Bug." Ecological Applications 1(2): 226-230.

Mather, E. C. and J. F. Hart (1954). "Fences and Farms." Geographical Review 44(2): 201-223.

McCullough, D. R. (1964). "Relationship of Weather to Migratory Movements of Black-Tailed Deer." Ecology 45(2): 249-256.

McDonald, P. M. and G. O. Fiddler (1999). "Ecology and development of Douglas-fir seedlings and associated plant species in a coast range plantation." Usda Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Research Paper(243): I-+.

McGuire, P. E., G. Y. Zhong, et al. (1995). "Resistance to Barley Yellow-Dwarf-Virus Disease in Derivatives of Crosses between Hexaploid Wheat and Species of Lophopyrum (Triticeae, Poaceae)." Plant Breeding 114(4): 287-290.

McIntosh, R. P. (1972). "Forests of the Catskill Mountains, New York." Ecological Monographs 42(2): 143-161.

McLean, A. (1970). "Plant Communities of the Similkameen Valley, British Columbia, and Their Relationships to Soils." Ecological Monographs 40(4): 403-424.

McMillan, C. (1956). "The Edaphic Restriction of Cupressus and Pinus in the Coast Ranges of Central California." Ecological Monographs 26(3): 177-212.

McQuilken, M. P. and K. E. Hopkins (2004). "Biology and integrated control of Pestalotiopsis on container- grown ericaceous crops." Pest Management Science 60(2): 135-142.

Metz, J. J. (1990). "Forest-Product Use in Upland Nepal." Geographical Review 80(3): 279-287.

Meyer, J. L. and W. T. Swank (1996). "Ecosystem Management Challenges Ecologists." Ecological Applications 6(3): 738-740.

MICHAEL, N. (1993). "The lowland heathland management booklet, version 1.0." English Nature Science, No. 11.

Middleton, W. S. (1925). "John Bartram, Botanist." The Scientific Monthly 21(2): 191-216.

Mikkelsen, E., M. Spender, et al. (1933). "The Blosseville Coast of East Greenland." Geographical Journal 81(5): 385-402.

Miller, A. D. (1954). "Eradication of Rhododendrons." Journal of the Forestry Commission 23: 52-55.

Miller, W. R. and F. E. Egler (1950). "Vegetation of the Wequetequock-Pawcatuck Tidal-Marshes, Connecticut." Ecological Monographs 20(2): 143-172.

Page 17: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Milne, R. I. and R. J. Abbott (2000). "Origin and evolution of invasive naturalized material of Rhododendron ponticum L. in the British Isles." Molecular Ecology 9(5): 541-556.

Milne, R. I. and R. J. Abbott (2000). "Origin and evolution of invasive naturalized material of Rhododendron ponticum L. in the British Isles." Molecular Ecology 9(5): 541-556.

Mitchell, F. J. G. (1988). "The Vegetational History of the Killarney Oakwoods, SW Ireland: Evidence from Fine Spatial Resolution Pollen Analysis." The Journal of Ecology 76(2): 415-436.

Mitchell, R. J., M. H. D. Auld, et al. (2000). "Estimates of nutrient removal during heathland restoration on successional sites in Dorset, southern England." Biological Conservation 95(3): 233-246.

Mitchell, R. J., R. H. Marrs, et al. (1998). "A Comparative Study of the Seedbanks of Heathland and Successional Habitats in Dorset, Southern England." Journal of Ecology 86(4): 588-596.

Mitchell, R. J., R. H. Marrs, et al. (1997). "A study of succession on lowland heaths in Dorset, southern England: Changes in vegetation and soil chemical properties." Journal of Applied Ecology 34(6): 1426-1444.

Mitchell, R. J., R. H. Marrs, et al. (1999). "A study of the restoration of heathland on successional sites: changes in vegetation and soil chemical properties." Journal of Applied Ecology 36(5): 770-783.

Montgomery, W. (1989). "Population regulation in the Wood Mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus. II. Density dependence in spatial distribution and reproduction." The Journal of Animal Ecology 58(2): 477-494.

Moral, R. D. and R. G. Cates (1971). "Allelopathic Potential of the Dominant Vegetation of Western Washington." Ecology 52(6): 1030-1037.

Mordhorst, A. P., C. Kullik, et al. (1993). "Ca Uptake and Distribution in Rhododendron Selected for Lime Tolerance." Gartenbauwissenschaft 58(3): 111-116.

Morgan, W. T. W. (1988). "Tamilnad and Eastern Tanzania: Comparative Regional Geography and the Historical Development Process." Geographical Journal 154(1): 69-86.

Motten, A. F. (1986). "Pollination Ecology of the Spring Wildflower Community of a Temperate Deciduous Forest." Ecological Monographs 56(1): 21-42.

Motzkin, G., W. A. P. Iii, et al. (1993). "Fire History and Vegetation Dynamics of a Chamaecyparis Thyoides Wetland on Cape Cod, Massachusetts." Journal of Ecology 81(3): 391-402.

Mountford, E. P. (1998). "Long-term monitoring nad management of Langley Wood: a minimum intervention National Nature Reserve." English Nature Research Reports 302.

Munn, N. L. and J. L. Meyer (1990). "Habitat-Specific Solute Retention in Two Small Streams: An Intersite Comparison." Ecology 71(6): 2069-2082.

Naito, K., Y. Isagi, et al. (1999). "Population structures in Rhododendron metternichii var. hondoense assessed with microsatellites and their implication for conservation." Journal of Plant Research 112(1108): 405-412.

Neal, J. W. (1981). "Timing Insecticide Control of Rhododendron Borer with Pheromone Trap Catches of Males." Environmental Entomology 10(2): 264-266.

Page 18: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Neville, M. K. (1968). "Ecology and Activity of Himalayan Foothill Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)." Ecology 49(1): 110-123.

Ng, S. C. and R. T. Corlett (2003). "The ecology of six Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) with contrasting local abundance and distribution patterns in Hong Kong, China." Plant Ecology 164(2): 225-233.

Nichols, G. E. (1923). "A Working Basis for the Ecological Classification of Plant Communities." Ecology 4(1): 11-23.

Niering, W. A. (1953). "The Past and Present Vegetation of High Point State Park, New Jersey." Ecological Monographs 23(2): 127-148.

Niering, W. A. and R. H. Goodwin (1962). "Ecological Studies in the Connecticut Arboretum Natural Area I. Introduction and a Survey of Vegetation Types." Ecology 43(1): 41-54.

Niering, W. A. and R. H. Goodwin (1974). "Creation of Relatively Stable Shrublands with Herbicides: Arresting "Succession" on Rights-of-Way and Pastureland." Ecology 55(4): 784-795.

Nilsen, E. T., J. F. Walker, et al. (1999). "Inhibition of seedling survival under Rhododendron maximum (Ericaceae): Could allelopathy be a cause?" American Journal of Botany 86(11): 1597-1605.

Nilsson, E. (1931). "Quaternary Glaciations and Pluvial Lakes in British East Africa." Geografiska Annaler 13: 249-349.

Ninnes, R. (1990). "Quantock Hills Management plan for dwarf shrub heath." Ohmann, J. L. and T. A. Spies (1998). "Regional Gradient Analysis and

Spatial Pattern of Woody Plant Communities of Oregon Forests." Ecological Monographs 68(2): 151-182.

Oliver, D. M. (1994). "A case for a strategy for Rhododendron ponticum control in Wales." Unpublished report.

Oram, R. N., J. P. Edlington, et al. (2002). "Selection for resistance to salinity and waterlogging in Phalaris aquatica L." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53(4): 391-399.

Oram, R. N., J. P. Edlington, et al. (2002). "Selection for resistance to salinity and waterlogging in Phalaris aquatica L." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53(4): 391-399.

Ovington, J. D. (1964). "The Ecological Basis of the Management of Woodland Nature Reserves in Great Britain." The Journal of Animal Ecology 33(British Ecological Society Jubilee Symposium): 29-37.

Ovington, J. D. and D. B. Lawrence (1967). "Comparative Chlorophyll and Energy Studies of Prairie, Savanna, Oakwood, and Maize Field Ecosystems." Ecology 48(4): 515-524.

Ownley, B. H. and D. M. Benson (1992). "Evaluation of Penicillium-Janthinellum as a Biological-Control of Phytophthora Root-Rot of Azalea." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117(3): 407-410.

Palmer, C. G., Reid, D.F. and Godding, S.J. (1988). "A review of forestry trials with a formulation of triclopyr, dicamba and 2,4-D." Aspects of Applied Biology 16: 207-214.

Pearen, J. R., M. D. Pahl, et al. (1997). "Association of salt tolerance at seedling emergence with adult plant performance in slender wheatgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77(1): 81-89.

Page 19: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Pearen, J. R., M. D. Pahl, et al. (1997). "Association of salt tolerance at seedling emergence with adult plant performance in slender wheatgrass." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77(1): 81-89.

Pearen, J. R., M. D. Pahl, et al. (1997). "Association of salt tolerance at seedling emergence with adult plant performance in slender wheatgrass

[Rapport entre la tolerance au sel a la levee et les performances au state adulte chez l'elyme]." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77(1): 81-89.

Pearson, S. M., M. G. Turner, et al. (1999). "Landscape Change and Habitat Availability in the Southern Appalachian Highlands and Olympic Peninsula." Ecological Applications 9(4): 1288-1304.

Pemadasa, M. A. (1981). "The Mineral Nutrition of the Vegetation of a Montane Grassland in Sri Lanka." The Journal of Ecology 69(1): 125-134.

Pemberton, H. B., H. F. Wilkins, et al. (1998). "Growth relationships of individual flowers during late stages of floral development of Rhododendron L-'Prize' and 'Gloria'." Canadian Journal of Botany-Revue Canadienne De Botanique 76(8): 1350-1358.

Pitt-Schenkel, C. J. W. (1938). "Some Important Communities of Warm Temperate Rain Forest at Magamba, West Usambara, Tanganyika Territory." The Journal of Ecology 26(1): 50-81.

Polunin, N. (1935). "The Vegetation of Akpatok Island. Part II." The Journal of Ecology 23(1): 161-209.

Potter, C. S., H. L. Ragsdale, et al. (1991). "Atmospheric Deposition and Foliar Leaching in a Regenerating Southern Appalachian Forest Canopy." The Journal of Ecology 79(1): 97-115.

PYSEK, P., and others, eds (1995). "Plant invasions: general aspects and special problems."

Qualls, R. G., B. L. Haines, et al. (1991). "Fluxes of Dissolved Organic Nutrients and Humic Substances in a Deciduous Forest." Ecology 72(1): 254-266.

Quarterman, E. and C. Keever (1962). "Southern Mixed Hardwood Forest: Climax in the Southeastern Coastal Plain, U.S.A." Ecological Monographs 32(2): 167-185.

Rathcke, B. (1988). "Flowering Phenologies in a Shrub Community: Competition and Constraints." The Journal of Ecology 76(4): 975-994.

Rathcke, B. (1988). "Interactions for Pollination among Coflowering Shrubs." Ecology 69(2): 446-457.

Read, M. A., and Black, I.A (1991). "Glufosinate-ammonium - a total herbicide for use in orchards." BCPC Weeds 2: 611-616.

Reed, A. W. and M. L. Kennedy (2000). "Conservation status of the eastern spotted skunk Spilogale putorius in the Appalachian Mountains of Tennessee." American Midland Naturalist 144(1): 133-138.

Region, N. C. C. N. E. S. (1982). "Visit to Rostherne Mere NNR on 21 October 1982."

Reich, P. B., M. B. Walters, et al. (1992). "Leaf Life-Span in Relation to Leaf, Plant, and Stand Characteristics among Diverse Ecosystems." Ecological Monographs 62(3): 365-392.

Rejmanek, M. and D. M. Richardson (1996). "What Attributes Make Some Plant Species More Invasive?" Ecology 77(6): 1655-1661.

Page 20: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Risley, L. S. and D. A. Crossley, Jr. (1988). "Herbivore-Caused Greenfall in the Southern Appalachians." Ecology 69(4): 1118-1127.

Ritchie, J. C. (1985). "Late-Quaternary Climatic and Vegetational Change in the Lower Mackenzie Basin, Northwest Canada." Ecology 66(2): 612-621.

Roberts, E. A. (1933). "The Development of an Out-of-Door Botanical Laboratory for Experimental Ecology." Ecology 14(2): 163-223.

Roberts, R. D., R. H. Marrs, et al. (1981). "Ecosystem Development on Naturally Colonized China Clay Wastes: I. Vegetation Changes and Overall Accumulation of Organic Matter and Nutrients." The Journal of Ecology 69(1): 153-161.

Rock, J. F. (1933). "The Land of the Tebbus." Geographical Journal 81(2): 108-127.

Rogers, R. S. (1980). "Hemlock Stands from Wisconsin to Nova Scotia: Transitions in Understory Composition Along a Floristic Gradient." Ecology 61(1): 178-193.

Roi, G. H. L. and R. J. Hnatiuk (1980). "The Pinus Contorta Forests of Banff and Jasper National Parks: A Study in Comparative Synecology and Syntaxonomy." Ecological Monographs 50(1): 1-29.

Rotherham, I. D. (1986). "The introduction, spread and current distribution of Rhododendron ponticum in the peak district Sheffield area." Naturalist 111: 61-67.

Rotherham, I. D. (1990). Factors facilitating invasion by Rhododendron ponticum. Proceedings of the British Ecological Society Conference on "The biology and control of Invasive Plants". University of Wales, Cardiff.

Runkle, J. R. (1982). "Patterns of Disturbance in Some Old-Growth Mesic Forests of Eastern North America." Ecology 63(5): 1533-1546.

Runkle, J. R. (1998). "Changes in Southern Appalachian Canopy Tree Gaps Sampled Thrice." Ecology 79(5): 1768-1780.

Sakai, A. and K. Otsuka (1970). "Freezing Resistance of Alpine Plants." Ecology 51(4): 665-671.

Salisbury, E. (1948). "The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 135(881): 419-429.

Salisbury, E. (1949). "The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 195(1043): 423-433.

Salisbury, E. J. (1926). "The Geographical Distribution of Plants in Relation to Climatic Factors." Geographical Journal 67(4): 312-335.

Samant, S. S., U. Dhar, et al. (2000). "Assessment of fuel resource diversity and utilization patterns in Askot Wildlife Sanctuary in Kumaun Himalaya, India, for conservation and management." Environmental Conservation 27(1): 5-13.

Schemske, D. W., B. C. Husband, et al. (1994). "Evaluating Approaches to the Conservation of Rare and Endangered Plants." Ecology 75(3): 584-606.

Schmid, B. and F. A. Bazzaz (1994). "Crown Construction, Leaf Dynamics, and Carbon Gain in Two Perennials with Contrasting Architecture." Ecological Monographs 64(2): 177-203.

Page 21: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Schofield, K. A., C. M. Pringle, et al. (2001). "The importance of crayfish in the breakdown of rhododendron leaf litter." Freshwater Biology 46(9): 1191-1204.

Schowalter, T. D., J. W. Webb, et al. (1981). "Communtiy Structure and Nutrient Content of Canopy Arthropods in Clearcut and Uncut Forest Ecosystems." Ecology 62(4): 1010-1019.

Schwartz, M. W., S. M. Hermann, et al. (1995). "The Catastrophic Loss of Torreya Taxifolia: Assessing Environmental Induction of Disease Hypotheses." Ecological Applications 5(2): 501-516.

Semple, W. S., I. A. Cole, et al. (2003). "Performance of some perennial grasses on severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43(4): 357-371.

Semple, W. S., I. A. Cole, et al. (2003). "Performance of some perennial grasses on severely salinised sites on the inland slopes of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43(4): 357-371.

Sharitz, R. R., L. R. Boring, et al. (1992). "Integrating Ecological Concepts with Natural Resource Management of Southern Forests." Ecological Applications 2(3): 226-237.

Sharp, A. J. (1957). "Vascular Epiphytes in the Great Smoky Mountains." Ecology 38(4): 654-655.

Shaw, M. W. (1984). "Rhododendron ponticum - ecological reasons for the success of alien species in Britain and features that may assist its control." Aspects of Applied Biology 5: 231-242.

Shelford, V. E. and A. C. Twomey (1941). "Tundra Animal Communities in the Vicinity of Churchill, Manitoba." Ecology 22(1): 47-69.

Shinfoon, C. and Q. Yutong (1993). "Experiments on the Application of Botanical Insecticides for the Control of Diamondback Moth in South China." Journal of Applied Entomology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie 116(5): 479-486.

Shipton, E. (1952). "Everest: The 1951 Reconnaissance of the Southern Route." Geographical Journal 118(2): 117-141.

Shuttleworth, H. L. (1922). "Border Countries of the Punjab Himalaya." Geographical Journal 60(4): 241-264.

Simpson, I. A., D. Parsisson, et al. (1997). "Envisioning Future Landscapes in the Environmentally Sensitive Areas of Scotland." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 22(3): 307-320.

Simson, A. (1876). "Notes of Recent Journeys in the Interior of South America." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London 21(6): 556-580.

Sinclair, D. J. and E. M. Yates (1959). "Changes in the Vegetation of Blackdown, Sussex." Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers)(26): 67-77.

Singh, S. P., B. S. Adhikari, et al. (1994). "Biomass, Productivity, Leaf Longevity, and Forest Structure in the Central Himalaya." Ecological Monographs 64(4): 401-421.

Skene, K. R., J. I. Sprent, et al. (2000). "Myrica gale L." Journal of Ecology 88(6): 1079-1094.

Smallwood, P. D. (1993). "Web-Site Tenure in the Long-Jawed Spider: Is It Risk-Sensitive Foraging, or Conspecific Interactions?" Ecology 74(6): 1826-1835.

Page 22: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Smith, K. F. (1996). "Tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp) Z.W. Liu and R.R.C. Wang): A neglected resource in Australian pasture." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 39(4): 623-627.

Southwood, T. R. E. and P. M. Reader (1976). "Population Census Data and Key Factor Analysis for the Viburnum Whitefly, Aleurotrachelus jelinekii (Frauenf.), on three Bushes." The Journal of Animal Ecology 45(1): 313-325.

Stables, S., and Nelson, D. G. (1990). "Rhododendron ponticum control." Forestry Commission Research Information Note 186.

Stamp, L. D. (1924). "Notes on the Vegetation of Burma." Geographical Journal 64(3): 231-237.

Stamp, L. D. (1930). "Burma: An Undeveloped Monsoon Country." Geographical Review 20(1): 86-109.

Stanislawski, D. (1962). "The Monchique of Southern Portugal." Geographical Review 52(1): 37-55.

Stebbins, G. L. (1971). "Adaptive Radiation of Reproductive Characteristics in Angiosperms, II: Seeds and Seedlings." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2: 237-260.

Steele, R. (1975). "Forests and wildlife." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 271(911): 163-178.

Stenstones, A., and Garnett, R.P. (1994). Controlling invasive weeds using glyphosate. Ecology and management of invasive riverside plants. L. C. De Waal, Child, L.E., Wade, P.M. ,and Brock, J.H. Chichester, Uk, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Stern, F. C. (1946). "Plant Distribution in the Northern Hemisphere." Geographical Journal 108(1/3): 24-34.

Stewart, G. H. (1986). "Population Dynamics of a Montane Conifer Forest, Western Cascade Range, Oregon, USA." Ecology 67(2): 534-544.

Strahler, A. H. (1972). "Forests of the Fairfax Line." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 62(4): 664-684.

Stuart, N. W. (1961). "Initiation of Flower Buds in Rhododendron after Application of Growth Retardants." Science 134(3471): 50-52.

Svenson, S. E. (2002). "Growth of 'Cunningham's White' rhododendron in plastic and fiber pots treated with copper hydroxide." Horttechnology 12(1): 134-137.

Svensson, B. M., B. A. Carlsson, et al. (1993). "Comparative Long-Term Demography of Three Species of Pinguicula." Journal of Ecology 81(4): 635-645.

Swan, F. R., Jr. (1970). "Post-Fire Response of Four Plant Communities in South-Central New York State." Ecology 51(6): 1074-1082.

Swan, J. M. A. and A. M. Gill (1970). "The Origins, Spread, and Consolidation of a Floating Bog in Harvard Pond, Petersham, Massachusetts." Ecology 51(5): 829-840.

Sweetman, H. L. (1946). "A Supplementary Note on the Winter Food Habits of Cottontail Rabbits." Ecology 27(2): 185-188.

Sykes, C. (1855). "Statistics of Nice Maritime." Journal of the Statistical Society of London 18(1): 34-73.

Tabbush, P. M. a. S., J.S.P (1984). "Experiments on the chemical control of Rhododendron ponticum L." Aspects of Applied Biology 5: 243-254.

Page 23: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Talbert, C. M. and A. E. Holch (1957). "A Study of the Lobing of Sun and Shade Leaves." Ecology 38(4): 655-658.

Tank, J. L. and J. R. Webster (1998). "Interaction of Substrate and Nutrient Availability on Wood Biofilm Processes in Streams." Ecology 79(6): 2168-2179.

Taylor, W. P. (1935). "``Man and Nature''--A Contemporary View." The Scientific Monthly 41(4): 350-362.

Thatcher, K. M. (1921). "The Effect of Peat on the Transpiration and Growth of Certain Plants." The Journal of Ecology 9(1): 39-59.

Thomas, J. B., R. L. Conner, et al. (2004). "Comparison of different sources of vector resistance for controlling wheat streak mosaic in winter wheat." Crop Science 44(1): 125-130.

Thomas, J. B., R. L. Conner, et al. (2004). "Comparison of Different Sources of Vector Resistance for Controlling Wheat Streak Mosaic in Winter Wheat." Crop Science 44(1): 125-130.

Thompson, A. R. (1988). "Fluroxpyr, a new herbicide for scrub and woody weed control in forestry and amenity areas." Aspects of Applied Biology 16: 177-182.

Thompson, W. F., Jr. (1949). "Observations in Kamishak, Alaska." Geographical Review 39(3): 450-471.

Thomson, A. G., G. L. Radford, et al. (1993). "Factors Affecting the Distribution and Spread of Rhododendron in North Wales." Journal of Environmental Management 39(3): 199-212.

Thorp, R. W., D. L. Briggs, et al. (1975). "Nectar Fluorescence under Ultraviolet Irradiation." Science 189(4201): 476-478.

Tixier, J. S., D. R. Kincaid, et al. (1959). "The Spread of Lehmann Lovegrass as Affected by Mesquite and Native Perennial Grrasses." Ecology 40(4): 738-742.

Trapnell, C. G. (1933). "Vegetation Types in Godthaab Fjord: In Relation to Those in Other Parts of West Greenland, and with Special Reference to Isersiutilik." The Journal of Ecology 21(2): 294-334.

Triska, F. J., J. R. Sedell, et al. (1984). "Nitrogen Budget for a Small Coniferous Forest Stream." Ecological Monographs 54(1): 119-140.

Trotter, C. (1884). "New Guinea: A Summary of Our Present Knowledge with Regard to the Island." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 6(4): 196-216.

Turner, C. and G. E. Hannon (1988). "Vegetational Evidence for Late Quaternary Climatic Changes in Southwest Europe in Relation to the Influence of the North Atlantic Ocean." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 318(1191, The Past Three Million Years: Evolution of Climatic Variability in the North Atlantic Region): 451-485.

Turner, M. G., W. H. Romme, et al. (1997). "Effects of Fire Size and Pattern on Early Succession in Yellowstone National Park." Ecological Monographs 67(4): 411-433.

Turner, M. G., W. H. Romme, et al. (1997). "Effects of Fire Size and Pattern on Early Succession in Yellowstone National Park." Ecological Monographs 67(4): 411-433.

Page 24: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Turunen, M., W. Heller, et al. (1999). "The effects of UV exclusion on the soluble phenolics of young Scots pine seedlings in the subarctic." Environmental Pollution 106(2): 219-228.

Tyson, J. B. and G. S. H (1967). "West Nepal: Exploring the Kanjiroba Himal." Geographical Journal 133(3): 328-337.

UNDERHILL, J. C. (2002). Proceedings of the Sixth National Heathland Conference,, Bournemouth.

Upadhyay, V. P. and J. S. Singh (1989). "Patterns of Nutrient Immobilization and Release in Decomposing Forest Litter in Central Himalaya, India." The Journal of Ecology 77(1): 127-146.

Upadhyay, V. P., J. S. Singh, et al. (1989). "Dynamics and Weight Loss of Leaf Litter in Central Himalayan Forests: Abiotic Versus Litter Quality Influences." The Journal of Ecology 77(1): 147-161.

Usher, M. (1986). "Invasibility and Wildlife conservation: invasive species on Nature Reserves." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 314(1167): 695-709.

Valkenburg, S. V. (1933). "Agricultural Regions of Asia. Part III--Farther India." Economic Geography 9(1): 1-18.

Vandermast, D. B. and D. H. Van Lear (2002). "Riparian vegetation in the southern Appalachian mountains (USA) following chestnut blight." Forest Ecology and Management 155(1-3): 97-106.

Vavrek, M. C., J. B. McGraw, et al. (1997). "Within-Population Variation in Demography of Taraxacum Officinale: Season- and Size-Dependent Survival, Growth and Reproduction." Journal of Ecology 85(3): 277-287.

Vazquez, M. E., A. Pellegrini, et al. (2000). "Evaluation of marine sediments affected by sewage sludge used as plant substratum

[Evaluacion de sedimentos marinos afectados por efluentes cloacales como sustrato vegetal]." Ciencia del Suelo 18(2): 132-139.

Waddington, J. and H. Steppuhn (1995). "Effects of tall wheatgrass windbreaks on hay production of three alfalfa varieties at a semiarid location in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75(4): 877-881.

Wage, N. M. and J. H. Dickson (1965). "The Terrestrial Botany of the Tristan da Cunha Islands." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 249(759): 273-360.

Wagner, R. G. and S. R. Radosevich (1998). "Neighborhood Approach for Quantifying Interspecific Competition in Coastal Oregon Forests." Ecological Applications 8(3): 779-794.

Walker, D. and J. R. Flenley (1979). "Late Quaternary Vegetational History of the Enga Province of Upland Papua New Guinea." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 286(1012): 265-344.

Walker, D. A. and K. R. Everett (1991). "Loess Ecosystems of Northern Alaska: Regional Gradient and Toposequence at Prudhoe Bay." Ecological Monographs 61(4): 437-464.

Walker, J. F., O. K. Miller, et al. (1999). "Suppression of ectomycorrhizae on canopy tree seedlings in Rhododendron maximum L-(Ericaceae) thickets in the southern Appalachians." Mycorrhiza 9(1): 49-56.

Page 25: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Wallace, J. B., S. L. Eggert, et al. (1997). "Multiple Trophic Levels of a Forest Stream Linked to Terrestrial Litter Inputs." Science 277(5322): 102-104.

Wallace, J. B., S. L. Eggert, et al. (1999). "Effects of Resource Limitation on a Detrital-Based Ecosystem." Ecological Monographs 69(4): 409-442.

Wallace, J. B., J. W. Grubaugh, et al. (1996). "Biotic Indices and Stream Ecosystem Processes: Results from an Experimental Study." Ecological Applications 6(1): 140-151.

Wallach, B. (1981). "The Slighted Mountains of Upper East Tennessee." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 71(3): 359-373.

Ward, F. K. (1918). "The Hydrography of the Yunnan-Tibet Frontier." Geographical Journal 52(5): 288-299.

Ward, F. K. (1940). "Botanical and Geographical Exploration in the Assam Himalaya." Geographical Journal 96(1): 1-13.

Watkinson, A. R. and J. White (1986). "Some Life-History Consequences of Modular Construction in Plants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 313(1159, The Growth and Form of Modular Organisms): 31-51.

Watson, M. (1942). "The Geographical Aspects of Malaria." Geographical Journal 99(4): 161-170.

Watt, A. S. (1919). "On the Causes of Failure of Natural Regeneration in British Oakwoods." The Journal of Ecology 7(3/4): 173-203.

Webster, J. R. (1983). "The Role of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Detritus Dynamics of Streams: A Computer Simulation." Ecological Monographs 53(4): 383-404.

Webster, J. R. and E. F. Benfield (1986). "Vascular Plant Breakdown in Freshwater Ecosystems." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17: 567-594.

Webster, J. R. and B. C. Patten (1979). "Effects of Watershed Perturbation on Stream Potassium and Calcium Dynamics." Ecological Monographs 49(1): 51-72.

Weller, D. E. (1990). "Will the Real Self-Thinning Rule Please Stand Up?--A Reply to Osawa and Sugita." Ecology 71(3): 1204-1207.

Westman, W. E. (1975). "Edaphic Climax Pattern of the Pygmy Forest Region of California." Ecological Monographs 45(2): 109-135.

Whalley, D. N. and K. Loach (1977). "Effects of basal temperature on the rooting of hardy hybrid Rhododendrons." Scientia Horticulturae 6(1): 83-89.

Whitehead, D. R. (1972). "Developmental and Environmental History of the Dismal Swamp." Ecological Monographs 42(3): 301-315.

Whitehead, D. R. (1981). "Late-Pleistocene Vegetational Changes in Northeastern North Carolina." Ecological Monographs 51(4): 451-471.

Whittaker, R. H. (1952). "A Study of Summer Foliage Insect Communities in the Great Smoky Mountains." Ecological Monographs 22(1): 1-44.

Whittaker, R. H. (1954). "The Ecology of Serpentine Soils." Ecology 35(2): 258-288.

Whittaker, R. H. (1956). "Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains." Ecological Monographs 26(1): 1-80.

Whittaker, R. H. (1960). "Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California." Ecological Monographs 30(3): 279-338.

Page 26: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Whittaker, R. H. (1961). "Estimation of Net Primary Production of Forest and Shrub Communities." Ecology 42(1): 177-180.

Whittaker, R. H. (1965). "Branch Dimensions and Estimation of Branch Production." Ecology 46(3): 365-370.

Whittaker, R. H. (1965). "Dominance and Diversity in Land Plant Communities." Science 147(3655): 250-260.

Whittaker, R. H., N. Cohen, et al. (1963). "Net Production Relations of Three Tree Species at Oak Ridge, Tennessee." Ecology 44(4): 806-810.

Wikkramatileke, R. (1952). "Ella Village--An Example of Rural Settlement and Agricultural Trends in Highland Ceylon." Economic Geography 28(4): 355-363.

Wilcut, J. W., C. H. Gilliam, et al. (1991). "Yellow Nutsedge Control in Landscape Plants." Hortscience 26(2): 159-162.

Wills, W. H. and R. C. Lambe (1985). "Potential for Fungicidal Control of Dieback Caused by Botryosphaeria-Dothidea on Rhododendron." Phytopathology 75(5): 630-630.

Wilson, J. B. (1989). "Relations Between Native and Exotic Plant Guilds in the Upper Clutha, New Zealand." The Journal of Ecology 77(1): 223-235.

Wong, L. M. and C.-H. Siu (1986). "Cloning of cDNA for the Contact Site A Glycoprotein of Dictyostelium discoideum." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83(12): 4248-4252.

Wood, D. P. J. and B. J. Moser (1958). "Village Communities in the Tambunan Area of British North Borneo." Geographical Journal 124(1): 56-66.

WOODROW, W., and others (1996). "Restoring Dorset's heathland: the RSPB Dorset Heathland Project." RSPB Conservation Review 10: 69-81.

Woods, F. W. and R. E. Shanks (1959). "Natural Replacement of Chestnut by Other Species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." Ecology 40(3): 349-361.

Woolwine, A. E., J. D. Culin, et al. (1996). "Cultivar preference of Oberea myops in rabbiteye blueberries, Vaccinium ashei." Journal of Agricultural Entomology 13(2): 121-127.

Wright, A. H. and A. A. Wright (1932). "The Habitats and Composition of the Vegetation of Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia." Ecological Monographs 2(2): 109-232.

Yang, G.-H., X.-Q. Zhao, et al. (2003). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a DFR from developing seeds of blue-grained wheat in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway." Acta Botanica Sinica 45(11): 1329-1338.

Yeakley, J. A., D. C. Coleman, et al. (2003). "Hillslope nutrient dynamics following upland riparian vegetation disturbance." Ecosystems 6(2): 154-167.

Yeakley, J. A., J. L. Meyer, et al. (1994). "Hillslope Nutrient Flux During near-Stream Vegetation Removal .1. A Multi-Scaled Modeling Design." Water Air and Soil Pollution 77(3-4): 229-246.

Young, P. M., A. S. Hutchins, et al. (1984). "Use of antibiotics to control bacteria in shoot cultures of woody plants." Plant Science Letters 34(1-2): 203-209.

Page 27: Supplementary material - Environmental Evidence · Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses are detailed

Younghusband, F. (1905). "The Geographical Results of the Tibet Mission." Geographical Journal 25(5): 481-493.

Zavitkovski, J. and M. Newton (1968). "Ecological Importance of Snowbrush Ceanothus Velutinus in the Oregon Cascades." Ecology 49(6): 1134-1145.

Zelinsky, W. (1974). "Selfward Bound? Personal Preference Patterns and the Changing Map of American Society." Economic Geography 50(2): 144-179.

Zhang, X. Y., A. Koul, et al. (1996). "Molecular verification and characterization of BYDV-resistant germ plasms derived from hybrids of wheat with Thinopyrum ponticum and Th. intermedium." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 93(7): 1033-1039.

Zhong, G. H., M. Y. Hu, et al. (2001). "Laboratory and field evaluations of extracts from Rhododendron molle flowers as insect growth regulator to imported cabbage worm, Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera : Pieridae)." Journal of Applied Entomology-Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Entomologie 125(9-10): 563-569.

Zobel, D. B. (1969). "Factors Affecting the Distribution of Pinus pungens, an Appalachian Endemic." Ecological Monographs 39(3): 303-333.

Zobel, D. B. and J. A. Antos (1997). "A Decade of Recovery of Understory Vegetation Buried by Volcanic Tephra From Mount St. Helens." Ecological Monographs 67(3): 317-344.

Zobel, D. B., A. McKee, et al. (1976). "Relationships of Environment to Composition, Structure, and Diversity of Forest Communities of the Central Western Cascades of Oregon." Ecological Monographs 46(2): 135-156.