supersite field survey protocol development
TRANSCRIPT
SuperSite field survey protocol development
Mirko Karan, SuperSites Coordinator
What is a TERN SuperSite?
1) An intensive field station in a typical and important biome
2) Physical instrumentation3) Scientists and technical support staff4) Transect(s) or Contrasts (10-400km)
Question driven, consistent network-wide monitoring
CURRENT STATUS: ecosystem condition, functional patterns and spatial arrangement
- stocks and fluxes of energy, carbon and water
MONITORING: response to environmental change, natural disturbance and human induced disturbance
- ecophysiological responses - changes in community composition
PREDICTIONS: Can environmental thresholds or 'tipping points' be identified and solutions suggested to avoid state change?
Local scientific questions
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Evolution of the SuperSites
2011 expansion to 5 SuperSites Collaborative Co-contribution modelExisting research activity and co-contribution, Government supportSignificant Australian biomeTerrain suitable for eddy co-variance flux tower
Australian SuperSite Network Growth
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Warra Tall Eucalypt
Calperum Mallee
Great Western Woodland
2012 additional five volunteer SuperSites
Australian SuperSite Network Growth
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Cumberland Plain
Tumbarumba Wet EucalyptVictorian Dry Eucalypt
Warra Tall Eucalypt
Calperum Mallee
Alice Mulga
Litchfield Savanna
Great Western Woodland
2014 Network of 10 SuperSites
Australian SuperSite Network Growth
FNQ Rainforest
SEQ Peri-urban
Cumberland Plain EucFACE
Tumbarumba Wet Eucalypt
Victorian Dry Eucalypt
Warra Tall Eucalypt
Calperum Mallee
Alice Mulga
Litchfield Savanna
Great Western Woodland
measures ecosystem fluxes• CO2 (NEE) and water use (ET)• Energy: Radiation (Q) and heat (H, G)
Aerial LiDAR and Hyperspectral surveys PhenocamsDigital Elevation ModelsTerrestrial Laser Scanning
Plant trait / ecophysiology campaign 2010-14
Protocol working groups + alignment with AusPlots protocols
Vegetation core 1 ha plotBiodiversity - Vascular plant list, voucher specimens, genetic sampling
Abundance, Cover, Structure - Structural description - Direct measure stems DBH ≥10
cm, H
DBH <10 cm (forest/rangelands methods)- Standing Above Ground Biomass- Course Woody Debris- Recruitment, seedling transects- Photopoints- Leaf Area Index (DCP/DHP)- Phenocams (ex AusCover)
Protocol Development
Protocol working groups + alignment with AusPlots protocols
FaunaAcoustic Recording
Bird surveys
Ant sampling - pitfall traps
Protocol Development
Protocol working groups + alignment with AusPlots protocols
Soil and waterInitial site and soil characterisation - soil profile OzFlux pit, dry bulk density, soil chem to 1.5m
OzFlux instrumentation - soil temp, moisture
Digital Elevation Model
Core 1 ha physico-chemistry (9 bulked cores 0-10cm, 10-30cm)
Soil metabarcoding
Logging Bore
Stream monitoring
Protocol Development
SuperSite Protocols Current MonitoringPhenocams
Leaf Area Index
Acoustic MonitoringPhotopoints
Campaign ModeSoil microbe metabarcodingLidar, Hyperspectral surveys (AusCover)
Bird surveysAnt samplingBores Vascular plant listRecruitment/seedlings Coarse woody debris
Cosmos sensorsPlant Functional TraitsEcophysiologyCamera traps?tower sensors ?spatial extent?
International ExperimentsNutrient NetworkDroughtNetGlobal Malaise TrappingEarth MicroBiome Project
334 data packages
Allows listening to recordings and download of files
Analysis tools to be added
29 744 files, 19 sites
Phenocamera imagesLeaf Area index imagesPhotopointsPanoramic photopoints
Australian Phenocam Networkhttps://phenocam.org.au/
陆地生态系统生物观测规范
陆地生态系统生物观测规范
陆地生态系统生物观测规范
陆地生态系统生物观测规范
Challenges to address going forward:
- Standardising data formats - template driven- Improving QA QC procedures (data collection, ingestion)- Improving sensors (phenocams, acoustics)- Staffing levels and training in diverse field techniques- Assessing representativeness of plots, repetition- Valuing data set publication / citation to incentivize co-contribution
Collaborations, inter-operability
Within TERN - Calibration/validation (AusCover)- Modelling: eMAST, AusPlots, Transects, LTERN +
International - Calibration / validation (soil moisture, biomass, LAI)- Data use/reuse, modelling
SuperSite extrasPlant ecophysiology (leaf Ps, Resp. water relations)Acoustic recordingCourse woody debrisAntsBores
Comparisons with NEON protocols
SimilaritiesPlots + Remote sensingVegetation (structure/composition)Flux tower sensors (CO2, phenocams etc)Soil sensors (T, moisture)Soil physico-chemistrySoil microbial diversityVegetation diversity and abundanceLeaf Area IndexBird diversity and abundanceStream monitoring
NEON extrasNEON Strategic design - plot locationsCore site + relocatable sitesFlux tower sensors (dust, PAR, isotopes CO2/H2O)Soil sensors (array, CO2, Throughfall etc)Soil coarse and fine root biomassSmall mammalsGround beetlesMosquito (diversity, abundance, phenology, pathogens)Ticks (pathogens)(Litterfall)
NCRIS-2013 Vegetation protocolsCore 1 ha plotVascular plant list - voucher specimensAbundance, Cover, StructureForests - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); RAINFOR Gentry transects (stems < 10 cm DBH ); seedling transects Rangelands - Direct measures (stems ≥ 10 cm DBH); Basal wedges; Point intercept method (augmented AusPlots)
Biomass - Woody plant DBH, Height, Species, Coarse Woody Debris, Clip plots,
Leaf Area Index - DCP, DHP, Point Intercept Method / clip plots PhotopointsPhenocameras (Auscover/Ozflux) - based on ACEAS workshop 2014
Soil and Water protocolsCore 1 ha plot
Initial site and soil characterisation- Soil pit at flux tower, profile, bulk density, physico-chem analysis- 9 distributed cores for physico-chem analysis
Digital Elevation Model (Auscover)Soil instrumentation (Ozflux)- Soil volumetric water content, soil temp, soil heat flux
Soil metagenomics - 16S Bact/archea; ITS Fungi; 18S Euk/algal (Baseline)
Stream monitoring – flow, pH, N, P, major ions, EC etc
Bore(s) - depth logging, pH, N, P, major ions, EC etc