supernova nucleosynthesis and extremely metal …...supernova nucleosynthesis and extremely...
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Supernova nucleosynthesis and extremely metal-poor stars
Nozomu Tominaga
(Konan University/Kavli IPMU)
15th Nov 2017A Celebration of CEMP and a Gala of GALAH
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Contents
• Metal enrichment by mass accretion from ISM
• Aspherical explosions as origins of EMP stars
• Origin of Carbon enhancement in CEMP-no stars
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Contents
• Metal enrichment by mass accretion from ISM
• Aspherical explosions as origins of EMP stars
• Origin of Carbon enhancement in CEMP-no stars
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First chemical enrichment
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Metal-poor stars preserve their initial abundance patterns?
ESA - C. Carreau
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Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion could enhance [Fe/H] up to -2
Shen+17
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However, the estimate does not include stellar wind from EMP stars.• Sun has a heliosphere blocking the ISM wind.
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However, the estimate does not include stellar wind from EMP stars.
Tanaka, Chiaki, NT, & Susa 17
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Photoionization considerably reduces the number of neutrals.
Most of metals cannot reach the stellar surface.Surface pollution by ISM accretion is negligible.
Tanaka, Chiaki, NT, & Susa 17
Frac
tio
n o
f n
eu
tral
s
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Contents
• Metal enrichment by mass accretion from ISM
• Aspherical explosions as origins of EMP stars
• Origin of Carbon enhancement in CEMP-no stars
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Spherical explosions cannot explain metal-poor stars (in early 2000s)
Normal SN (1051ergs)
Hypernova (1052ergs) High-entropy explosion
Ejected
Low [a/Fe]
NT+07b; see also Nomoto-san’s talk
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Mixing-fallback model• A parametric model mimics an aspherical explosion
due to (a) the Rayleigh-Taylor mixing or (b) jet explosion.
Umeda & Nomoto 02 (see also NT+07b)
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Simulation of mixing-fallback
Jet-explosion
Fe
O
NT+07a
Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Joggerst+10
Fallback along
the equatorial plane
Quasi-spherical fallback
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Nucleosynthesis yields
Jet explosion
NT+07
Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Joggerst+10; Chen+17
FallbackRT instability: only takes place with low E
Jet explosion: takes place even with high E (and low E)
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Contents
• Metal enrichment by mass accretion from ISM
• Aspherical explosions as origins of EMP stars
• Origin of Carbon enhancement in CEMP-no stars
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Origin of Carbon enhancement
• CEMP-s star• Binary: Mass transfer from AGB companion
• Single star: Explosion of a massive rotator
• CEMP-no star• Faint SN (RT instability or jet explosion)
(e.g., Joggerst+10; Chen+17; NT+07; NT09;)
• Mass loss from massive rotator (spinstar) (e.g., Meynet+06)
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Faint SNe vs. Spinstars
• They are not exclusive and rather complimentary.
• CEMP-no star with [C/N] > 0 can be explained by the rotation in a massive star.
CS29498-043(Aoki+04)
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Faint SNe vs. Spinstars
• They are not exclusive and rather complimentary.
• CEMP-no star with [C/N] > 0 requires rotation in a massive star.
H, He
N-rich
Mass loss
H, He
H, He, CNO, (Mg)
CNO, Mg, Fe
Faint SNe
H, He, CNO, (Mg)
Fe
Fe
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Faint SNe vs. Spinstars
• They are not exclusive and rather complimentary.
• CEMP-no star with [C/N] > 0 requires rotation in a massive star.
• Spinstar has inevitably N-rich wind ejecta.
Meynet+06
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Faint SNe vs. Spinstars
• They are not exclusive and rather complimentary.
• CEMP-no star with [C/N] ~ 0 requires rotation in a massive star.
• Spinstar has inevitably N-rich wind ejecta.
• Faint SN model does not need to be N-rich, if the rotation of progenitor is slow.
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Evidence of faint SN of slow rotator-metal-poor stars-
25M8
, E51=5, Mrem=4.9M8
,
M(56Ni)=0.0065M8
(=1/100 of SN1987A)
Ito, Aoki, Beers, NT, Honda, Carollo 13 (see also Aoki-san’s talk)
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Evidence of faint SN of slow rotator-Low-[Fe/H] Damped Lyman a system-
Kobayashi, NT, Nomoto 11
C-rich DLA ([Fe/H]~-3, z=2.3, Cooke+11)
peculiar DLA ([Fe/H]~-1.5, z=1.6, Cooke+10)
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Diagnostics of CEMP-no stars
High E (e.g.,high [Zn/Fe])
Low ERT instabilityJet explosion/collimated outflow
Jet explosion/collimated outflow
• Progenitor model
• Mixing-fallback process in faint SNe
N-poor
[C/N]>0
Faint SN of slow rotator
Faint SN of rapid rotator Spinstar w/ other SN for Fe(Mixed star, sometime NEMP stars)
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Summary• Metal enrichment due to the mass accretion from
the ISM is negligible.
• Aspherical explosion is required for all of the EMP stars (not only for the CEMP stars).
• Origins of CEMP-no stars
N-poor
[C/N]~0
Faint SN of slow rotator
Faint SN of rapid rotatorSpinstar w/ other SN for Fe
High E
Low E Faint SN with RT instabilityFaint SN with jet/collimated outflow
Faint SN with jet/collimated outflow
(Mixed star, sometime NEMP stars)