supergroup rhizaria grouped based on molecular similarities not morphology (form and structures)

*Supergroup Rhizaria*Grouped based on molecular similarities

not morphology (form and structures)*All have Pseudopodia: extensions that

bulge from cell surface*Includes 3 groups:*Forams*Radiolarians*Chlorarachniophytes

Supergroup Rhizaria

*Foraminiferans (Forams)*Latin* foramen: little hole

*Tests: porus shell made of calcium carbonate*Pseudopodia extend

through the pores function in feeding, test formation, and feeding*Most photoautotrophic

(symbiotic zooxanthellae)

*Most are benthic but some planktonic

Supergroup RhizariaForams

*Chlorarachniophytes*Typically found in

tropical oceans*Mixotrophic: can

ingest other microorganisms and able to carry out photosynthesis

*Pseudopodia extensions form a net to connect cells together and capture prey

Supergroup RhizariaChlorarachniophytes

J. Archibald, 2004

*Radiolaria*Delicate, intricately

symmetrical internal skeletons made of silica*Pseudopodia radiate

from the central body and reinforced with microtubules*Most heterotrophic,

capturing smaller microorganisms with sticky pseudopodia*Mostly marine

Supergroup RhizariaRadiolarians


http://secretlexicon.blogspot.com, Ensa Rybra, 2011 (bad source?)

http://secretlexicon.blogspot.com/


* http://secretlexicon.blogspot.com, Ensa Rybra, 2011 (bad source?)



http://secretlexicon.blogspot.com, Ensa Rybra, 2011 (bad source?)


*Supergroup Archaeplastida*Photosynthetic *Can be unicellular, colonial, or

multicellular*Contains 3 groups:*Rhodophyta*Green Algae*Land Plants

Supergroup Archaeplastida

*Rhodophytes * Greek (rhodos = red)* Abundant in warm coastal

waters* Since they absorb blue and

green light they can be found relatively deep

* Also a small number of freshwater and terrestrial species

* Most multicellular* Nori: crispy sheets of Porphyra

sp. Used to wrap sushi* Unlike other algae, they have

no flagellated stages in their life cycles and depend on water currents to spread gametes


Red Algae

www.fao.org, 2011 www.fao.org,

2011

Unknown original source, www.rebelliousarabgirl.net, 2011

http://www.fao.org/

http://www.fao.org/

*Chlorophytes*Greek (chloro =

green)*Most species

freshwater but some marine or terrestrial*Simplest are

unicellular like Chlamydomonas sp.which resemble the gametes of the more complex algae and plants


Green Algae

Unknown original source, www.rebelliousarabgirl.net, 2011

*Chlorophytes*Many of the

unicellular chlorophytes exist as plankton or inhabit damp soil*Some have even

adapted to living in snow (‘watermelon snow’)


Green Algae

Lars Jensen, University of Michigan, 2009

*Chlorophytes*Larger size and

greater complexity are present*Complex life cycles

with both sexual and asexual reproductive stages*Reproduce sexually

by means of biflagellated gametes


Green Algae

Steve Trewhella, 2011

*Chlorophytes


Green Algae

www.noaa.gov, 2011

*Chlorophytes


Green Algae

*Charophytes*Closest relatives of

land plants


Green Algae

Unknown original source, www.pbubuilder.org, 2011Schubert, Hendrik & Blindow, Irmgard, Charophytes of the Baltic Sea, Koeltz Scientific Books, Date ?

Supergroup Unikonts

*Recently proposed, extremely diverse supergroup *Two major groups:*Amoebozoans (amoebas)*Opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and closely

related protists)

*Amoebozoans*Includes amoebas such as:*Mycetozoans*Gymnamoebas*Entaboebas

*Mycetozoans (slime molds)*Produce fruiting

bodies that aid in spore dispersal*Two groups:*Plasmodial slime

molds* Often brightly colored

*Cellular slime molds* Unique in that they

function individually until food runs out and they form a unit

Supergroup UnikontsAmoebozoa

KeresHwn, wikicommons, 2011

*Gymnamoebas*Live in soil as well as

freshwater and marine environments*Most are heterotrphic

and actively seek and consume bacteria and other protists*Your typical amoeba


Michael Gregory, Clinton Community College, 2011

*Entamoebas*Parasites!*Humans can be host

to at least 6 species, but only one is pathogenic: *E. histolytica*Cause dysentery and

responsible for up to 100,000 deaths a year

*Spread via contaminated water, food, and utensils (must be ingested)


Wikipedia commons, 2011

www.disease-picture.com, 2011

*Opisthokonts*Extremely diverse

group including animals, fungi and several groups of protists*Nucleariids: closely

related to fungi*Choanoflagellates:

closely related to animals

Supergroup UnikontsOpisthokonts

http://skepticwonder.fieldofscience.com, 2009

Eukaryotes are divided into 5 supergroups

Campbell, et al., Biology, Pearson, 2008

supergroup rhizaria grouped based on molecular similarities not morphology (form and structures)

Documents

bad source

ensa rybra

unicellular chlorophytes

smaller microorganisms

complex algae

morphology form

small number of freshwater

greenmost species freshwater