sun04: planning and applying the latest practices in ... 4th edition overview •11 chapters...

2017 Annual Conference & Exposition

SUN04: Planning and Applying the Latest Practices in Computer Modeling

June 11, 2017 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Workshop Agenda 9:00 Welcome, Introductions, Overview of M32

Jim Cooper 9:10 Model Development, Test and Calibration

Jim Cooper 9:30 Calibration Exercise in Small Groups

Thomas Walski 10:00 Model Maintenance - Overview of New Chapter

Sasa Tomic, Rajan Ray 10:25 Model Maintenance Small Group Exercises

Sasa Tomic, Rajan Ray 10:40 Model Maintenance Small Group Exercises Summary

Sasa Tomic, Rajan Ray 10:50 Advanced Modeling Applications - Overview of New Chapter Thomas Walski 11:20 Real-Time Model Example

Adam Simonson 11:30 Real-Time Model Example

Adam Simonson

Presenter Information James Cooper, [email protected] Thomas Walski, [email protected] Sasa Tomic, [email protected] Rajan Ray, [email protected] Adam Simonson

mailto:[email protected]




Planning and Applying the Latest Practices in Computer Modeling

AWWAEngineering Modeling Applications Committee

Sunday June 11, 2017; Philadelphia, PA

Workshop Outline

Overview of 4th edi. M32, Computer Modeling of Water Distribution Systems

Model Development, System Testing and Calibration

Model Maintenance

Advanced Modeling Applications

Real-Time Modeling

Today’s Presenters

James P. Cooper, PE, ENV SP

Water Distribution Practice Leader at Arcadis

[email protected] 330.283.1652

Thomas Walski,Ph.D, PE

Senior Product Manager at Bentley Systems


Sasa Tomic,Ph.D., PE

Hydraulic Modeling Practice Lead at HDR


Rajan RayDirector of Marketing at Innovyze


Adam SimonsenSenior Account Manager at IDModeling


Workshop Format

• Topic Overview Presentations

• Attendee Exercises in Small Groups

• Discuss responses among the entire group

• Breaks


Overview of Manual of Practice 32, 4th edi.

Computer Modeling of Water Distribution Systems

James P. Cooper, PE, ENV SP, Water Distribution Practice Leader, Arcadis


M32 4th Edition Overview

• Developed by the AWWA EngineeringModeling Applications Committee

• Contributions by nearly 50 subjectmatter experts

• Most referenced publication for waterdistribution system modeling

M32 4th EditionOverview

• 11 Chapters covering basics to advancedapplications

• Latest trends andapplications for waterdistribution system models

Ch. 1 – Intro to Distribution System Modeling

Ch. 2 – Building and Preparing the Model

Ch. 3 – Hydraulic Tests and Measurements

Ch. 4 – Hydraulic Calibration

Ch. 5 – Steady-State Simulation

Ch. 6 – Extended Period Simulation

Ch. 7 – Water Quality Modeling

Ch. 8 – Storage Tank Mixing and Water Age

Ch. 9 – Model Maintenance

Ch. 10 – Transient Analysis

Ch. 11 – Advanced Modeling Applications

M32 4th Edition Overview

• Two entirely new chapters• Model Maintenance• Advanced Modeling Applications

• Updated and new content in all 11chapters

Coming Soon…

4th edition of M32 is currently in production by AWWA and is expected to be available for purchase later this year

9

Discount for Today’s Workshop Attendees

• 10% off Member Price

• Discount Code will be provided by AWWA



James P. Cooper, PE, ENV SP, Water Distribution Practice Leader, Arcadis



• Chapter 2 – Building and Preparing theModel

• Chapter 3 – Hydraulic Tests and Measures

• Chapter 4 – Hydraulic Calibration

Building and Preparing the Model

• Understand Purpose

• Data Sources and Quality

• Model Schema

• Physical Attributes, Operational Data,Demand Loading

Building and Preparing the Model

Planning and Preparing for Field Testing

Hydraulic Tests and Measures

• Types of hydraulic measurements• Pressure Measurements• Calculate Hydraulic Grade Line, Calculate hydrant

flow rate

• Dial gauge or electronic recorder

• Consider device accuracy and calibration

• Understand elevation of sensor in relation to the model nodes reference elevation

• Understand hydraulic influences at sensor location


• Types of hydraulic measurements• Flow Measurements• Hydrant flow rate (calculated from pitot pressure

measurement)

• Understand pipe wall velocity profile and impact of flow diffusers

• Various fixed flow meter devices – Venturi, Mag Meter


• Types of hydraulic tests• Fire Flow Test

• Pipe Roughness Test

• Pump Test

• Hydraulic Gradient Test

Hydrant Testing Terms

Flow Hydrant

• Location of open hydrant flowing water

Pitot Pressure

• Pressure measured at center offlow stream

• Utilized to calculate the flow rate

Hydrant Testing Terms

Residual Hydrant

• Located near Flow Hydrant

• Utilized to measure pressure within the distribution system

Static Pressure

• Pressure during typical demands with nohydrants flowing

Residual Pressure

• Pressure measured while the flow hydrant is open

Residual Hydrant• Static Pressure• Residual Pressure• Test evaluates water

available at this location Flow Hydrant• Pitot Pressure

Test Area

Hydrant Flow Test Setup

Importance of Testing on Model Calibration

Tank Actual Normal HGL Negligible difference

Actual High Flow HGL

Model High Flow HGL

Detectable Difference

Model Normal HGL

Hydraulic Calibration

• Define Calibration

• Understanding Required Level of Calibration

• Presenting Calibration Results

Model Calibration

Process of comparing results of model simulations with measured field data and

adjusting model parameters within reason (or identifying invalid data) in an attempt to

achieve desired agreement with measured system conditions

Model Calibration

• Level of calibration required depends on thedata quality and the intended use of themodel

• Adequacy of model calibration is a subjectivedecision to be agreed by all parties

• Few published standards/guidelines

Types of Calibration

• Static Methods (used with steady-state models)• Hydrant Flow Test (Fire Flow Test)

• Pipe Roughness Test

• Dynamic Methods (used with EPS model)• Comparison to tank levels, pressure and flow traces

• Tracer tests

Why Calibrate? How Often?

• Calibration is time consuming and costly• Decisions made using models involve millions of dollars• Calibration pays for itself• Accurate model = good decisions• Gain insight into the system• Build confidence in model• Establish teamwork

• How Frequently Do You Calibrate?


Calibration Exercise

Thomas Walski, Ph.D., PE, Senior Product Manager, Bentley Systems



M32 Chapter 9Model Maintenance

Saša Tomić, Ph.D., P.E., HDRRajan Ray, Director of Marketing, Innovyze


Overview

• Introduction• M32 Chapter 9• Group Exercise

30

Modeling Survey Findings 2013 AWWA EMAC

• Models getting more complex

• Models uses increasing

• Model user base expending

• Real-time / Operational /Decision Support Modeling

31

Most Frequent Models Uses

Fire Flow 24%

Planning 28%

Asset Management

7%

Operational21%

Energy4%

Water Quality

10%

Flushing5%

Other1%

J AWWA 10-2014

• > 50% used weekly

• ~ 75% used monthly

32

PlanningDesign

O&M

Age

WQ

Real-TimeControl

DSS

Model Lifecycle

Optimization

33

Overview


34

CH9 Overview

1. INTRODUCTION2. REASONS FOR MODEL MAINTENANCE3. MODEL MAINTENANCE PLAN4. MODEL UPDATE FREQUENCY5. CHANGE NOTIFICATION6. DATA SOURCE INTEGRATION7. AUTOMATED MODEL UPDATE8. RETURN ON INVESTMENT IN MODELING9. CASE STUDIES

35

CH 9.1 Introduction

• Model maintenance will notensure model use• Model use will ensure modelmaintenance

36

Model Maintenance is …

“… the processes needed to maintain the hydraulic model

data accuracy and adequacy for the intended utility uses.”

37

CH 9.2 Reasons for Model Maintenance

• “Update model when resultsare no longer valid.”• “Cost of maintenance shouldbe less than the benefit of theupdated model.”

38

Types of Changes Driving Model Update

Range Change Where Scheduled

Mo

del Model Use Change M

Bad Data M

New Data S

Syst

em

Demands S

Operation S ?

Network M/S ?M – modelS – system 39

CH 9.3 Model Maintenance Plan

“Hydraulic model should be updated when the

existing model does not meet the utility needs.”

40

Maintenance plan outline 1. Archive model2. Data quality assurance3. Import new data4. Remove deleted assets5. Update controls6. Update demands7. Update / new scenarios8. Validate the new model41

CH 9.4 Model Update Frequency

“Desired model application(s) will determine the necessity

and the frequency of the model updates.”

42

Update Frequency Considerations

• System change rate• Demand changes• Data collection rate• Model validation / calibration data

43

CH 9.5 Change Notification

“A model that is used by different departments

has the most potential to provide continuous benefits to the utility.”

44

System change notification

• What is changed?• Where is data?• Who?

45

End-user notification

• Use tracking• Notification system• Model backup

46

CH 9.6 Data Source Integration

“Data source integration is a vital part of any water model and all sources need to be considered.”

47

Integration Issues

• Organizational Coordination• ID Management• 1-to-1 Mapping• Connectivity Management

48

CH 9.7 Automated Model Update

“Learn to walk, before you try to run”

49

CH 9.8 Return on Investment in Modeling

“Instead of thinking about model maintenance as a cost,

the utility should consider model maintenance as

an investment in better utility management and operation.”50

Assumed obstacles to model reuse

• Model not accurate• Model not adequate

51

Typical obstacles to model reuse

• Trust in model• Understanding of model uses• Access to the results

52

Overview


53

Questions

Saša Tomić, [email protected]

Rajan Ray, Innovyze [email protected]

401.789.0684




Model Maintenance Exercise

Saša Tomić, Ph.D., P.E., HDR

Rajan Ray, Director of Marketing, Innovyze



Advanced Modeling Applications

Thomas Walski, Ph.D., PE, Senior Product Manager, Bentley Systems


Advanced Applications in Hydraulic Modeling

Tom Walski

Bentley Systems

Overview

•Pumping energy

•Reliability

•Non-revenue water

• Flushing

•Asset management

•Real time modeling

•Optimization

Which pump is wasting energy?

Pump Life-Cycle Costs

Cost = Equipment + spwf (Energy + O&M)

Equipment

Other O&M

Energy

Calculating What Energy Cost Should Be

Don’t just calculate at Best Efficiency Point

Operation varies over the day

dteee

kQhpC

T

dmp

0

Flow

Head

Price

Efficiencies

Better Pump Curve Displays

63

64

Energy Bill Cost Calculations

SavingsPossible?

DoneChange:EquipmentOperations

Disagree

ResolveDifferences:Model errorOperationsAdjust curvesBill error

Compare

Agree

HydraulicModelEnergy Study

Work Flow

Take Home Points - Energy

• Energy and carbon emission savings possible

•Need to look for savings

•Can be good payback

•Hydraulic model can help

Reliability

16”

12”

12”

6”

X6”

= Valve

Reliability Analysis

• Simulate problems• Pipe breaks

• Power outage

• Shutdowns

• Any type of outage

•What are impacts?

•What are responses?

•Reliability ≠ Resilience

•Need to understand• Valving

• Backup power

Non-revenue Water

•Pressure management

•DMA creation

• Leak area identification

Pressure Management

•Not required

•Can reduce leakage

•Can reduce pipe breaks

•Can impair service

Why District Metered Areas (DMA)?

• Can identify water use in small area• Better for identifying real loss• Drive leak detection programs• Helpful in water audit• Can aid in pressure management• Useful in anomaly detection

No DMA DMA

Fire Flow Comparison

Flow accountability

Leak reduction

Water quality

Flushing

Fire flow

Pressure

Reliability

Cost

Typical PRV

Discharge Varying Time

Valve: FLAT ROAD #2

Time

(hr)

(gp

m)

Dis

ch

arg

e

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

3000.0

3500.0

4000.0

4500.0

5000.0

5500.0

6000.0

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

Low

High

Typical

• Scour deposits and films•Rapidly improve water quality in area• Low Chlorine•Taste and Odor

•Respond to complaints•Turbidity•Taste and Odor

• Test hydrant operation

Flushing Planning

• Conventional•Open hydrants one at a time•No valve operation

•Uni-directional (UDF)•Close valves to direct flow•May use multiple hydrants• Improves/controls scouring velocity• Several steps to set up

• Can base on shear stress = γSR (preferred) or velocity

Types of Flushing

Modeling’s Role in Asset Management

•Provide hydraulic aspects of decision support

•Aspects• Reliability

• Criticality• Capacity

• Fire flow

• Getting the most bang per buck out of money spent on assets

• Used in many industries

• In water, focus is on distribution system• Largest investment

• Deterioration is out of sight

• Goal• Minimize cost

• Meet required levels of service

• Not just software but a process • Software can help

What is asset management?

Risk Model

Results Presentation

Real Time Modeling

• Modeling is not just for design

• Many benefits from integratingmodeling / operations

• Engineering / operations cooperation essential

• Security issues

SCADA + Hydraulic Modeling

SCADA• Strength

• Current status of system• Stores historical trends/records• Control

•Weakness• Can’t project to future

(extrapolate)• Can’t fill in between sensors

(interpolate)•Many model nodes/pipes per

sensor

Hydraulic Model•Fills in betweenmeasured points•Calculates attributes not measured•Projects into the future, and for possible newcases

Opportunities in Operations

• Daily

• Check operations

• Energy management• Anomaly detection

• Atypical days• Plan shutdowns• Respond to pipe breaks

• Plan special events

• Plan Flushing

• Emergencies• Major failure

• Regional power outage

• Contamination

What is optimization?

• An act, process, or methodology of making something (as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, oreffective as possible; - Merriam-Webster

•Mathematical optimization

•Minimize f(x), subject to g(x) <= b

How is optimization used?

• Any place where you can define and objective and constraints

• Use case – How is optimization used

a. Pipe sizing/design

b. Calibration

c. Energy minimization

d. Control valve location/settings

e. Leakage reduction

f. Sensor placement

g. Isolation valve placementh. Pipe replacement

i. Water quality

Pipe Sizing

• Given demand forecast, cost functions and rough layout

• Size pipes

• Most (over)-researched topic in water engineering

• Thomas Camp -1937 – Economic Sizing

• Lai and Schaake - 1969 - New Your City Tunnel problem

• de Nefville, Schaake and Stafford – 1971 – System analysis of water distribution networks, J SE 97(SA6).

• Alperovitz and Shamir – 1977 – Linear programming w/gradients

• Gessler and Walski – 1983 – Heuristic algorithm

• Construction phasing

Automated Calibration

• Given field data, adjust model to match data

• Can match field HGL and flow well

• Actually parameter tuning

• Data quality essential• Head loss >> Error in measurement

• One bad data point can send solution in wrongdirection

• Which parameter to adjust

• Calibration by compensating errors

• Find leaks/theft

Energy Minimization

• Pump scheduling

• When to • Switch pump status

• Switch speeds

• Difficult to account for

• Demand charges• Block rate pricing

• Problem discretization

• Useful if system operation poor

• Other places to save money

Summary

• Continuous advances in hydraulic modeling

•Models can do much more than in the past

•Better return on investment

Many Tanks


Real-Time Modeling

Adam Simonsen, Senior Account Manager, IDModeling


System Overview

• Regional Water System in New England

• 23 Tanks, 50+ Pumps, 10+ Major PRVs

• Average Day 46 MGD, serving 450k people

• Served by 2 different electric utilities

• SCADA system with 8 separate historians

• EPANet-based hydraulic model

Key Issues

• Standardize System Operations

• Save Energy

• Improve Water Quality

• Operator Training

What is a Real Time Hydraulic Model?

• A hydraulic model that uses current data as inputs to the simulation

• Examples of real time data inputs• SCADA: Tank Levels, Pump Statuses and Speeds,

PRV settings, etc.• Meters: AMI Data, Wholesale or Master meters• Network changes: valve statuses

The Challenges

• Underlying model will need to be recalibrated foroperations

• Pump and control point settings will most likely be deficient

• Energy optimization requires an energy levelcalibration

Common Scenarios to Evaluate

• Run different pumps at different times

• Run pumps at lower speed settings

• Evaluate changes to system demand

• Exceptional events

View results through an operator’s lens

Asses the impact to system operations

Constantly Making Small Adjustments to Model Calibration


Real-Time Model Exercise

Adam Simonsen, IDModeling


Thank you for attending today’s workshop!

sun04: planning and applying the latest practices in ... 4th edition overview •11 chapters...

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