sun yatsen : the unlikely father of a nation
DESCRIPTION
Sun Yatsen : The Unlikely Father of a Nation. Roderick Wilson Department of History University of Wisconsin-Whitewater. 1644-1911 Qing Empire 1911 Xinhai Revolution 1916-1927 Era of warlordism 1931-1945 War with Japan 1927-1949 Civil war 1949 Communist Revolution. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Sun Yatsen:The Unlikely Father of a
Nation
Roderick WilsonDepartment of History
University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
1949 Communist Revolution
Sun Yatsen (1866-1925)
“Father of the revolution”
“Father of the Republic”
People’s Republic of China
Republic of China (Taiwan)
• 1644-1911 Qing Empire
• 1911 Xinhai Revolution
• 1916-1927 Era of warlordism
1931-1945 War with Japan
• 1927-1949 Civil war
• 1949 Communist Revolution
The Ubiquitous Father of the Nation ( 国父 )
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing (PRC)
Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum, Hong Kong
Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou (Canton)National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Taiwan
Sun Yatsen as an Overseas Chinese1866: Born in Guangzhou (Canton)
1879-83: Kingdom of Hawaii
1884-95: Hong Kong (British colony)
1895-1910: Britain, Japan, Canada, and the United States
Sun with family
Sun at Hong Kong College of Medicine
Sun as an Overseas Revolutionary, 1895-1911
• Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)– Most powerful and prosperous
dynasty in Chinese history– Ruled by foreign Manchus– Governing ideology was
Confucianism (looked to the past for guidance in governing)
• Western Imperialism– Began with 1839-42 Opium
War– Treaty ports, spheres of
influence
• Sun Yatsen– 1895-1911: 10 attempted coup
d'états– 1905: Formed Revolutionary
Alliance in Tokyo, Japan– Issues his Three Principles of
the People• Nationalism• Democracy• Livelihood Empress Dowager Cixi
• 10/10/1911Uprising in
Wuhan• 11/13/1911
Yuan Shikai becomes prime minister
• 1/1/1912Sun Yatsen
became president of new republic
• 2/12/1912Manchu
abdicate• 3/10/1912
Yuan becomes president
Yuan Shikai (1859-1916)
Sun Yatsen (1866-1925)
Sun as President(for a few months)
Sun as Leader of Nationalist Party (Goumindang
GMD)• China needs national unity– Need a strong political party– Need a strong national army
• Two enemies of China– Regional warlords– Western and Japanese imperialists
• 1917 Russian Revolution– Sun transformed Nationalist Party
into a centrally controlled Leninist party
– Formed National Revolutionary Army
“Europeans rebelled and fought for liberty because they had had too little liberty. But we, because we have had too much liberty without any unity and resisting power, because we have become a sheet of loose sand and so have been invaded by foreign imperialism and oppressed by the economic control and trade wars of the Powers, without being able to resist, must break down individual liberty and become pressed together into an unyielding body like the firm rock …” –Sun Yatsen, 1924
Whampoa MilitaryAcademy, 1924
Sun as Father of the Nation
Portrait of Sun Yatsen at Tiananmen Square
Portrait of Mao Zedong at Tiananmen Square