The International Water Forum at the United Nations

convenes world leaders, academics, non-governmental

organizations, and private sector representatives to take the

first step toward organizing a worldwide education and

awareness campaign on the global water crisis.

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JIM THEBAUTPresident

September 16th, 2011 International Water Forum at the United Nations:

Building a Global Awareness and Education Campaign

Dr. Anthony R. Fellow

An academic expert in communications, Dr. Fellow heads one of the largest university departments not only in California but also in the United States. He is regularly involved with water issues in his role with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, which is the state’s second largest legislative body. He represents Division 1, which serves the cities of El Monte, South El Monte, Arcadia, Temple City and Monrovia. A former journalist, Fellow has taught at Cal State-Fullerton for 26 years and has written three books: American Media History, Copy Editors Handbook for Newspapers, and Writing in a Multimedia World.

Ben Grumbles

Through the Clean Water America Alliance, a not-for-profit educational organization, Mr. Grumbles focuses on uniting people and policies for water sustainability. In a career that spans more than 25 years, Grumbles has worked in the public and non-governmental sectors as well as in academia. Most recently, he led Arizona’s Department of Environmental Quality. He also served as Assistant Administrator for Water at the United States Environmental Protection Agency from 2003 through 2008. Before that, he spent 16 years in staff positions in the U.S. House of Representatives. His posts ranged from environmental counsel positions to staff director roles. Grumbles serves on various boards and committees, including Solutions From The Land, an educational nonprofit forging integrated and sustainable policies for agriculture, forestry, and conservation in the U.S. and globally; and the nominating committee of the Stockholm Water Prize administered by the Stockholm International Water Institute.

F. Henry (Hank) Habicht II

Mr. Habicht is the managing partner of SAIL Capital Partners. His career as a leading member of the environmental policy world has included leadership positions at the U.S. Department of Justice as Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Environment and Natural Resources Division, and at the U.S. EPA as COO (Deputy Administrator). During his time with the EPA he oversaw the development of new air and water programs to prevent pollution, including the development of the Energy Star program and implementation of market-based trading programs under the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments. He previously served as CEO and is now Vice Chairman of a prestigious not-for-profit corporation that fosters innovation in environmental management and promotes applications of clean technology in emerging markets, called Global Environment and Technology Foundation (GETF). In 1991, the EPA awarded Habicht with the esteemed Total Quality Leadership Award and in 2009 he received the national Richard Mellon Award for Environmental Stewardship.The Chronicles Group Inc.

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A N O N P R O F I T C O R P O R A T I O N

800 S. Pacific Coast Highway #8, MS #328 Redondo Beach, CA 90277

Tel: 310.521.0303 • Fax: 310.521.9360jimthebaut@chroniclesgroup.org

www.chroniclesgroup.org

JIM THEBAUTPresident

SUMMARY REPORT

CHRONICLESG R O U P

The

A N O N P R O F I T C O R P O R A T I O N

INTERNATIONAL WATER FORUMA THE UNITED NATIONS

Building a Global Awareness and Educational Campaign

Friday, September 16, 2011United National Headquarters,

New York CIty

Summary ReportTo

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

byThe Chronicles Group, inc.

Prepared by Jim Thebaut, President & Executive Producer,

The Chronicles Group, Inc.

Erik Webb, Senior Manager, Sandia National Laboratories

Jennifer Riley-Chetwynd, Director Marketing, PR and Special Events

Denver Botanic Gardens

800 SO. PACIFIC COAST HWY #8, MS #328 REDONDO BEACH, CA 90277 U.S.A.Phone: (310) 521-0303 • E-mail: jimthebaut@chroniclesgroup.org

www.runningdry.org

TheCHRONICLESG R O U P A N O N P R O F I T C O R P O R A T I O N

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward......................................................................................................................................... 3 Background ............................................................................................................................... 3 Overview.................................................................................................................................... 4

The Event Sponsors............................................................................................................... 4 The Speakers and Panelists .................................................................................................. 5

Event Summary......................................................................................................................... 6

Session 1: Water Issues in North America – A Focus on the United States................................ 6 Dr. Erik K. Webb .................................................................................................................... 6 Mr. Alfonso E. Ortiz, Jr. .......................................................................................................... 6 Dr. Michael Campana ............................................................................................................ 7Ms. Mary Ann Dickinson ........................................................................................................ 7Mr. Ben Grumbles .................................................................................................................. 7 Mr. Jeffrey Mosher ................................................................................................................. 8 Mr. David Nahai ..................................................................................................................... 8

Session 2: Global Water Issues ................................................................................................... 9 Mr. Christian Holmes.............................................................................................................. 9 Dr. Katherine Bliss ................................................................................................................. 9 Dr. Upmanu Lall ................................................................................................................... 10 Dr. Jean-Claude Seropian.................................................................................................... 11 Dr. David Winder.................................................................................................................. 11

Session 3: Developing and Implementing a Public Education and Branding Strategy ............. 12 Common themes.................................................................................................................. 13 Common conditions for success .......................................................................................... 13 Common obstacles to success ............................................................................................ 13 Applying Lessons Learned................................................................................................... 13 Pillar 1: Raise “Water IQ” ..................................................................................................... 14Pillar 2: Promote interconnectedness around water ............................................................ 14 Pillar 3: Join forces............................................................................................................... 14 Pillar 4: Seek permanent change......................................................................................... 15 Pillar 5: Bring it home........................................................................................................... 16 Conclusions and Next Steps................................................................................................ 16

The Next Phase.......................................................................................................................... 16

Appendix 1 Transcripts (AM and PM Sessions) ..................................................................................... 19

Appendix 2 Christian Holmes Remarks .................................................................................................. 87 Jane Seymour Remarks....................................................................................................... 92 Malcolm Morris Remarks ..................................................................................................... 93

Appendix 3 Paul Simon Letter................................................................................................................. 96

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International Water Forum at the United Nations Building a Global Awareness and Educational Campaign September 16, 2011

Summary Report to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by the Chronicles Group, Inc.

Forward

Background

Water in the United States is taken for granted. This is mainly because water utilities have done an excellent job in delivering fresh, clean drinking water to everyone at a minimal cost. In reality, Americans use significantly more water per person than any other country on the planet and at the heart of this quandary is that US water is profoundly under priced. As a result, unfortunately, there is an “out-of-sight, out-of-mind” mentality about the US and International Water Crisis. This mentality particularly as it relates to drought, climate change, groundwater, aquifer depletion, lack of sanitation, energy, public health, agriculture, hunger, food supply, poverty, water infrastructure and the 2050 population projections and how all of this impacts international security. The ultimate negative ripple effect of the lack of awareness by the American public is there is no long-term public policy in order to confront the US and International Water Crisis.

Exceptional drought conditions have crippled most of the southern half of the US, in some areas the worst in 20-50 years. Droughts have caused severe dust bowl conditions, wildfires and significant water restrictions that are impacting agriculture and food supply and public health. In addition, groundwater and aquifers are also being rapidly depleted throughout the US. Furthermore, in the US surface and groundwater and aquifers are being polluted by chemicals and organic impurities caused mostly by runoff. This includes personal care products, litter, street oil, industrial, animal and human waste as well as fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and pesticides, etc. These conditions can contribute to severe health problems.

Compounding the problem, during the past year extreme rains in the Midwest have caused unprecedented flooding downstream in the Mississippi Delta Region, with water pouring over levees and spilling across farm lands and forcing people from their homes in poverty stricken regions. Furthermore, a major earthquake in the California Bay Delta could potential wipe out water supply to Northern and Southern California and the Central Valley in a matter of minutes. This calamity would also have a substantial impact on the seven states within the Colorado River Basin as well as negatively affect the U.S. economy and impact its national security.

From an international perspective, 4,000 children die daily because of a lack of water or from water related diseases. Furthermore, 884 million people on the planet (one in eight) live without safe drinking water and 2.5 billion (two in five) do not have adequate sanitation. This lack of basic fundamental human services adversely affects people’s health, education, dignity and livelihoods.

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A primary concern to the world is by 2050 there will be a projected 9.2 to 10 billion people on the planet and there will not be enough water or food to sustain the population growth. This reality opens the door to potential global conflict and profound international security concern and currently there is no public policy in place to confront this unfolding global emergency.

The Chronicles Group consequently proposed to implement an International Media and Education Campaign about the water crisis and its interrelated connecting issues.

The overall objective was to bring together government, media, the private sector and non-governmental organizations to establish real social change and understanding about the evolving water crisis in the US and abroad. The task is to “brand” the water issue in order to generate universal public alertness, enlightenment, mindfulness, realization and sensibility that spur policies, action plans and solutions to the evolving crisis.

Phase I of this initiative would be a one-day forum to begin the planning and implementation process. Drawing both domestic and international stakeholders, the event would serve to establish a clear theme which cuts through the clutter and becomes a force for stability. 1

Overview

On September 16, 2011, The Chronicles Group in association with the Energy and Water Institute of New York and in cooperation with WaterAid America organized an International Water Forum at the United Nations. The objective of the day long event was to address the need for building a Global Awareness and Educational Campaign aimed at the impending global water crisis.

The forum convened global water experts, academics, world leaders, non-governmental and private sector representatives to take the first step towards the organization of the Worldwide Education and Awareness Campaign.

The event sponsors were:

David Nahai Companies McWane, Inc. National Association of Clean Water Agencies National Association of Water Companies National Water Research Institute Niagara Conservation Corporation Rain Bird Corporation Southern Nevada Water Authority Suez Environment/United Water UC Irvine – Urban Water Research Center Wallace Genetic Foundation William Hoagland

1 Jim Thebaut, May, 2011

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The speakers and panelists were:

Ms. Carole Baker, Chair, Alliance for Water Efficiency Doug Bennett, Conservation Manager, Southern Nevada Water Authority Dr. Katherine E. Bliss, Senior Fellow and Director, Project on Global Water Policy, Center

for Strategic and International Studies Dr. Michael E. Campana, President, American Water Resources Association Dr. William J. Cooper, Professor, Urban Water Research Center at the University of

California Irvine Mary Ann Dickinson, President and CEO, Alliance for Water Efficiency Dr. Anthony R. Fellow, Chairman, School of Communications, California State University

of Fullerton Charles Fishman, Journalist and Author of the The Big Thirst: The Secret Life and

Turbulent Future of Water

Ben Grumbles, President, Clean Water America Alliance F. Henry (Hank) Habicht II, Managing Partner, SAIL Capital Partners Christian Holmes, Global Water Coordinator, USAID Dave Johnson, Director of Corporate Marketing, Rain Bird Corporation Dr. Ilan Juran, Executive Director of W-SMART Dr. Upmanu Lall, Director and Professor, Columbia Water Center, Earth Institute,

Columbia University Malcolm Stewart Morris, Chairman, Millennium Water Alliance Jeff Mosher, Executive Director, National Water Research Institute Patricia Mulroy, General Manager, Southern Nevada Water Authority David Nahai, former General Manager, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Dr. Harold H.S. Oh, President and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Energy and

Water Institute of New York John Oldfield, Managing Director of the WASH Advocacy Initiative Alfonso E. Ortiz, Jr., Mayor, City of Las Vegas, Northern New Mexico Stefan Pollack, Pollack PR Marketing Group G. Ruffner Page, Jr., President McWane, Inc. Christopher Rochfort, CEO, Star Water Solutions, Australia Jane Seymour, Actress and Narrator of the RUNNING DRY documentaries Dr. Jean-Claude Seropian, Suez Environment Jim Thebaut, President & Executive Producer, The Chronicles Group, Inc. Dr. Peter A. Waite, Executive Vice President, ProLiteracy Worldwide Dr. Erik K. Webb, Senior Manager, Sandia National Laboratories Dr. David Winder, CEO, WaterAid America

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Event Summary

Special highlights of the day included the keynote address by Patricia Mulroy and a presentation by Jane Seymour2, which included introducing The Chronicles Group 7½ minute Water for The World Video. John Oldfield provided a follow-up overview regarding the status of the proposed legislation. Also, Author Charles Fishman gave a special address as the luncheon speaker and was introduced by G. Ruffner Page, Jr. Mr. Page also provided remarks about the economic benefits of rebuilding the U.S. Water Infrastructure.

The forum was conducted in three sessions with expert panels. The first and second panels presided by Dr. Erik K. Webb, which included water issues in both the United States and the developing World. The U.S. panel was introduced by Mayor Alfonso Ortiz and the developing world panel included a special address by Christian Holmes (see appendix).

The third session was presided by Stefan Pollack and involved developing and implementing a Public Education and Branding Strategy.

Session 1: Water Issues in North America – A Focus on the United States

Panel Session 1 was titled, “Water Issues in North America – A Focus on the United States” and was moderated by Dr. Erik K. Webb (Sandia National Laboratories). In extending a challenge to the panel members, Dr. Webb quoted the Author Steve Solomon, “America leveraged its abundant natural resources to become civilization’s world super power in the 20th Century. Like other great states rise to power, America gained command of its native resources and mobilized waters inherent transformational powers to produce spectacular breakthroughs that defined our age” then pointed out the progression of water’s importance in eastern industrial power development, Mississippi River transportation and western water use. He then challenged the panelists to address how the US current stewards these resources and address how we move forward in addressing our shared challenges partially via communicating with and educating the US populace.

The first speaker, Mr. Alfonso E. Ortiz, Jr., Mayor, Las Vegas, New Mexico, initially discussed his personal experience managing a small but very old community in Northern, New Mexico that has acute water problems. He spoke of his community’s success in reducing consumption by 25%, the fact that they were within 50 days of running out of water earlier this year, and facing a devastation watershed fire that could have eliminated their community’s water supply for up to 5 years. He then showed that his community was only a microcosm of the challenges facing the Southwest US including massive fires in Arizona, the lack of rain in Houston, Texas, record heat and conditions that rivaled the dust bowl of the 1930’s. He then spoke about the importance of public education especially targeting high levels of government, the need to include “conservation, effective utilization of affluent water, desalination of ocean and brackish water, innovative water harvesting practices and national research on water.”

2 Jane Seymour Remarks in Appendix 2

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Dr. Michael Campana, Professor at Oregon State University, Director of the Institute for Water and Watersheds, and President, American Water Resources Association. Quoting John Laird the Secretary of the California Resource Agency referred to water as the Rubik’s cube of public policy – which clearly implies that the problems are complicated but may also imply that there is a solution. He then used a shirt with the logo, “Got Water” on the front and the following on the back, “Job opening: water carrier. Requirements: must be able to balance 45 pounds of water on your head while trekking rocky roads barefoot for miles. Hours: up to 8 hours per day. Wages: zero dollars or any currency you choose to pay in. Only women and children need apply” to make the point that getting water to people in developing countries is not rocket science it takes political will and money. His main comments were directed at helping the audience understand the importance and the lack of understanding of groundwater. He illustrated the point by identifying that Tuesday September 13th was “protect your groundwater day” which clearly none of the audience remembered. He then provided a short summary of the importance of groundwater by talking about the relative quantities (20 to 30 times more than fresh surface water in the US), the fact that few members of the public know where their water comes from, that potentially 30% of the water here on the podium came from groundwater in the Catskills water shed and that 44% of all US Citizens get their water directly from the ground via wells, including cities as large as Memphis that are entirely dependent on groundwater. He then made three main points: (1) we have a lot of groundwater in this country but we are also using a lot of groundwater and we are depleting it faster than it is being recharged, (2) Groundwater is connected to surface water in most cases and so to another take off on Las Vegas slogan, whatever happens in groundwater doesn’t necessarily stay there, if you pollute groundwater it may show up in your streams, if you pollute the streams it may show up in your groundwater, and (3) you are plugged into groundwater you may just not know it so we need to give it more respect. He concluded that he would like the United States to recognize it’s a human right to water and sanitation. I would like to see us have a National Water Vision. I would like to see groundwater more fully integrated into planning and management, and I would like to see video games to help communicate the importance of water.

Ms. Mary Ann Dickinson, President and CEO, Alliance for Water Efficiency pointed out that the United States is the highest water using nation on a per capita basis which makes it hard to speak authoritatively to other countries about conservation. A critical issue in addressing conservation is the lack of knowledge of the average citizen who thinks they use around 25 gallons a day which is wrong by almost an order of magnitude. She made three main points: 1) there are areas in the US that face water shortages and customers need to understand the issue and stresses such as climate change; 2) while the US has far to improve, we have helped develop standards for plumbing equipment and products and codes for how to use them in green specifications and standards which is helping to drop demand; and 3) water utility managers need to learn (be educated) on the benefits of more efficient water use (e.g., reduced energy costs, deferred infrastructure investment, reduced greenhouse gas emissions) so they are motivated to help reduce their customers demand. Their organization is assisting in these measures by building cost pricing tools and explaining how water efficiency can provide jobs. She expressed the desire for an integrated national policy where water efficiency is considered just as important as energy efficiency, water quality and storm water management.

Mr. Ben Grumbles, President, Clean Water America Alliance began his presentation by stating that “a glass half full is always half empty if it’s only half clean.” The point is that water is our

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most precious liquid asset, it is not free, and it is not easy to protect and preserve for future generations. The first major point Mr. Grumbles made is that we have worked extensively in the US to protect water quality but we now need to expand our efforts to focus on sustainable strategies and approaches to water. Specifically, the Alliance is working many groups to ensure that water is not “invisible to invaluable.” He then highlighted a number of key stress on sustainability: 1) nutrient loading of nitrogen and phosphorous resulting from over use of fertilizers, climate change and city management that pollutes surface water systems, 2) “urban slobber” storm water runoff that contributes litter, street oils and such, 3) pharmaceuticals and personal care products that move through the sanitary sewer, and 4) natural gas fracking impact on both groundwater and surface water. He strongly warned against pitting environmental protection with job creation. To rally support for these issues, the Alliance has created the United States Water Prize which they hope will be the equivalent of a Nobel Peace Prize in water.

Mr. Jeffrey Mosher, Executive Director, National Water Research Institute spoke about research and development issues in recycled water. Effectively this is taking waste water and reusing it for beneficial uses. He believes that “next to conservation water use efficiency, recycled water is one of the ways that we can address water scarcity and reduce our dependence on total water supplies.” Currently, we recycle about 8% of our waste water in the United States. Instead of sending the un-recycled water to the ocean we ought to be treating waste water as a resource. There are three things in waste water that are valuable (1) the water, (2) nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and (3) energy from the organic matter. Potable reuse is less used but needs to be a critical element of augmenting both our groundwater and surface water supplies because recycled water is considered a new source of water supply in most communities its reliable even during a drought. He then described a groundwater replenishment system in Orange County that uses advanced treatment and then inserts 70 million gallons a day of treated water into the ground where it is later pumped out and provided to 23 cities within Orange County and used for drinking water. However, the biggest accomplishment is the public awareness and acceptance that made all this possible. The campaign required an organization with a solid community reputation, a long lead time (8-10 years) to understand and impact public perception, good documentation of the benefits, and outreach like a speaker’s bureau, website, demonstration facility, children’s water festivals and communication with community leaders via 1,200 presentations. As a result of its success this project was touted as a blueprint for other communities.

Mr. David Nahai, Former General Manager, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power laid out the stark facts of millions of children that die each year due to water borne disease, the impact of climate change and the fact that there will be an additional 3 billion people on the earth by 2050. While water managers don’t always know exactly what to do, they do understand that changes are underway and they need to look to the future of the communities they serve. For example, water managers for LA and Southern California know that water resources are not going to expand in the future to meet our water needs. Consequently they have developed an 8-prong strategy: 1) additional conservation, 2) infrastructure repair to capture water leaked out of the systems, 3) building standards that ensure new development incorporates water conservation, 4) waste water recycling, 5) rainfall capture, 6) aquifer remediation to protect this resource and storage capacity, 7) agricultural innovation including more efficient irrigation along with capturing, cleaning, and reusing agricultural runoff, and 8) underground storage to save water in years of plenty. To pay for all this we have some funding from the Federal government,

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but not enough. There are State Bonds. However, the solution also rests with having an open discussion with constituents about the value of water. To sum up, he paraphrased Einstein, “we are not going to solve our problems using the same kind of thinking we did when we created them in the first place.”

Session 2: Global Water Issues

Panel Session 2 focused on Global Water Issues and was moderated by Dr. Erik Webb.

Mr. Christian Holmes, US AID Global Water Coordinator, started by saying “we have to do more, and we have to do more soon to meet the needs of millions and millions of people around the world for water and sanitation.” We must look at water as a connected system. The challenge we face is to understand the need and to develop responses including helping to understand what is being done right now. He then drew on an analogy to a recent news report of an individual leading a group of bystanders to lift a car freeing a trapped motorcyclist after an accident in Ogden, Utah. The parallel is that individuals can lead the solutions in water and good work inspires others. His current position is the first coordinator for USAID’s water and is an outgrowth of the Water for the Poor Act. Under this program, USAID is trying to take a systems approach to tie together programs providing water supply, sanitation hygiene, water resources management and strengthening watersheds. In particular they are looking at the role that water plays as it relates to conflict, the roles of increased capacity, partnerships, improved science and technology, empowering women and setting overarching priorities relating to food security, global climate change and global health. US AID estimates that since 2003 they have provided first time or improved access to water for 50 million people and sanitation for 39 million people with currently 68 programs in the world. However, this is not yet the 100 million people goal or all the billions that need these services. The programs range from underground water storage in ancient cisterns in Jordon, bond financing in Manila (with Japanese partnership), and supporting private entrepreneurs to make ceramic water filters in Cambodia. Awareness and education are critical. There are four key steps. The first, is understanding “what’s the message that we want to convey? I think that the message has to deal with the fact that the shortage of water has the potential to cause us all to suffer.” Second, is to unleash the power of systems and partnerships with the need to leverage resources and to look at problems from multiple perspectives to find a good solution. US AID has partnered with WaterAid, Millennium Water Alliance and the Gates Foundation for example. Third, is to evaluate and only implement what really works. Fourth is to use the power of information systems including remote sensing and land based data gathering as evidenced by the Famine Early Warning System applied in the Horn of Africa.3

Dr. Katherine Bliss, Senior Fellow and Director, Project on Global Water Policy, Center for Strategic and International Studies started by recounting how in 2000, world leaders ratified the Millennium Declaration followed quickly by the UN Millennium Development Goals containing a goal “cut in half the proportion of people without access to an improved water source, and the proportion of people without access to improved sanitation facilities by 2015.” Latin America has made good progress, but parts of Asia and Sub-Sahara Africa are lagging. A decade later, the UN General Assembly recognized that safe and clean water and sanitation is a human right affirmed by the UN Human Rights Council and now measured by the World Health Organization’s

3 Christian Holmes Remarks in Appendix 2

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Global Annual Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water (Glass Report). To achieve these goals requires technical innovations such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s “Reinventing the Toilet” campaign and political action like the Sanitation and Water for All partnership. Education is an essential element especially in developing human resources. The International Water Association (IWA) with the UK Department for International Development (DFID) has looked at human resource gaps. Preliminary results for Sub-Sahara Africa point to lack of education to build necessary professionals and low quality of teaching with persistent reliance on foreign professionals. The study suggest the solution lies in 1) improved collection of data around human resources; 2) development of better recruitment of students to be professionals; 3) extending primary, secondary and tertiary education to focus on water, sanitation and hygiene; 4) speeding up training for professionals in the water sector; and 5) improving job retention via life-long training.

Another key activity is the University Consortium on Water Sanitation and Hygiene designed to have US based universities help with human resource development consisting of an array of university faculty with CSIS as the secretariat. The expertise covers public health, engineering, hydrology, law, and business. This group identified four principle areas of contribution to the international agenda: 1) carrying out research on challenges in developing countries, 2) providing training and building the capacity, 3) Developing objective measures to assist governments and assistance agencies in setting priorities and assessing outcomes of programs, and 4) contributing to the development and refinement of tools for monitoring and evaluating project progress and sustainability. The consortium was briefed on Capitol Hill in 2010, developed a geographical reference database where partners are working around the world, sought input from African academics on needs in the region hopefully leading to a meeting with the African Ministers Council on Water to solicit guidance and pilot projects.

Dr. Upmanu Lall, Director and Professor, Columbia Water Center, Earth Institute, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University started by identifying that the challenge in discussing water is that there are many, many voices talking about many, many problems resulting in a convoluted story hampering progress. As a result, we need a synthesis. He then approached the problem by telling a story. As a 10 year old living in India I experienced a major famine where I spent day after day in lines looking for food at government ration shops. This situation no longer occurs in India due to the green revolution sustained by groundwater extraction. However, groundwater extraction lowered the water table placing the benefits in danger in India, Pakistan, China and other places. In India, the efficiency of the use of water was negligible because the government provided the electricity for pumping for free eliminating the feedback on the cost of pumping. This has allowed an increase in the crops that has allowed a tripling of population. With 90% of current water in India going to agriculture and low efficiencies, how do we feed the population in the future? In one area, the real cost of the electricity is twice the value of the food crops. Most important, there is no strategy to deal with this problem. China has a similar issue with huge south to north water diversions for drinking water and moving agriculture to Africa which process will face the finite total world resource limits at some point. He expressed the conviction that we need to educate “the people who are experts about the dimensions of the problems both at the National and Planetary scale so they have that view in mind and down to the farmer level and the individual user.” He also expressed a belief that we will see technology improvements that are not fossil energy intensive and food production

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technologies that will be 1,000 times more efficient in terms of delivering carbohydrates and proteins but that we have a long way to go in helping people understand and implement solutions.

Dr. Jean-Claude Seropian, Suez Environment, described the situation in Haiti subsequent to the massive earthquake focusing on the 3.5 million inhabitants of Port-au-Prince where 600 thousand people are living in camps with no water or sanitation. In 2011 Haiti started to reorganize the water sector creating the National Directorate for Water Supply and Sanitation (DINEPA) which is both an investor and a regulator. DINEPA oversees regional operators in big cities and towns with Port-au-Prince as the largest. Port-au-Prince gets its water from 18 unprotected springs and 17 wells (so most of its water is groundwater) with a total estimated flow of 150,000 cubic meters per day for 3.5 million people resulting in strict rationing in camps and only 6 hours per week in homes. There is no sewage system and only limited storm drainage that is often blocked by waste. One result is that since October 2010 there is a cholera epidemic with more than 5,000 deaths. To compound things the entire budget for the City of Port-au-Prince is around $4 million per year. Obviously gathering funds is critical and seeking support from the Spanish Government and the Inter-American Development Bank. Three companies are working together – Suez, Akabar and Lyonnaise des Eaux to 1) master the epidemic of Cholera, 2) stop water leakage by implementing minimum equipment needs, and 3) training people. On top of this the exiting NGO’s have stopped providing water to the camps so this responsibility falls to us as well and we are working with the Red Cross on this effort. For the long term, we need a master plan for water and sewage including creating an IT system and payment plans. At the heart of these improvements is education and communication. While we represent commercial systems, the partnership with government is strong and we are learning a great deal about how to proceed in these difficult circumstances.

Dr. David Winder, CEO, WaterAid America, re-emphasized that “900 million people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion people do not have basic sanitation” resulting in devastating human toll and economic costs, when at the same time we have the knowledge and technology to solve the problem. “What is required however is for governments, international organizations, civil society and the private sector to work together to make this happen.” He then suggested we take the following actions: 1) understand in more detail the economic and social costs – the death due to disease is more than HIV-AIDS, Malaria and Measles combined and “half of all hospital beds in the developing world are occupied by patients suffering from water and sanitation related diseases”, and “Lack of access to water and sanitation is a major drag on economic growth and costs countries in sub-Sahara Africa around 5% of their GDP each year”; 2) countries and international organizations need to meet their commitments - in May 2011 the least developed countries committed to achieving water sanitation for all by 2020. However, in many developing countries these commitments have yet to be translated into significant increases in public investment. In sub-Sahara in Africa only 20 countries are on track to reach the MDG goal of halving the portion of the population without access to safe water by 2015. For the water MDG target to be met in that region the number of people gaining access to water each year must lie in the current figure of 12 million to 40 million meeting these commitments requires substantial increases in the resources relegated to water by national governments and donors. In sub-Sahara in Africa alone there is an estimated annual funding shortfall of around 11.4 billion dollars. To put that amount in perspective it is important to remind us that here in the US we spend over 20 billion dollars a year on bottled water. The disappointing fact is that aid expenditure on water and sanitation has declined in recent years, spending on

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water and sanitation was over 8% of total aid in the mid 90’s, but has fallen to below 5.5% of total aid today. We’ve proposed the following actions to insure that the delivery of Wash to the world’s poorest people is given the priority it deserves. 1) More public education is needed on the huge cost that lack of access to safe water is having on health, education and economic development; 2) Donor companies should increase the aid going to water and sanitation programs and target Sub-Sahara Africa and South Asia; 3) International and national civil society organizations must increased investment; 4) National and local government agencies need to develop capacity to design and implement sustainable solutions; 5) Governments, donors and civil society need to support SWA partnerships; 6) Communities and local civil society organizations need to engage in decision making developing bottom-up demand for change and holding governments accountable; 7) Strengthen the Unicef WHR Joint Monitoring Program and the UN Water Global Annual Assessment of Drinking Water and Sanitation. Public education should facilitate these changes by, greater attention to water and sanitation issues, facilitating active engagement by stakeholders, encouraging closer scrutiny of public investment, and generating greater support for marginalized and vulnerable groups.

Session 3: Developing and Implementing a Public Education and Branding Strategy

With the morning session dedicated to laying out the water-related challenges we face both in the United States and around the world, the afternoon session was dedicated to getting this information out to a global audience with the ultimate goal of effecting attitude and behavior change. Testimony from the morning’s speakers – the wide range of water and environmental experts as well as the lunchtime speaker Charles Fishman, author of The Big Thirst: The Secret Life and Turbulent Future of Water – supported the event’s underlying premise: if people are aware of the myriad water issues facing developed and developing countries alike and educated on how they can make a difference, they will change the way they perceive, value, interact with and consume water.

Moderated by Stefan Pollack, president of the Pollack PR Marketing Group, the afternoon panel consisted of the following panelists:

• Ms. Carole Baker | Chair, Alliance for Water Efficiency and Executive Director, Texas Water Foundation

• Mr. Doug Bennett | Conservation Manager, Southern Nevada Water Authority • Dr. Anthony Fellow | Chairman, School of Communications, California State University at

Fullerton• Mr. F. Henry (Hank) Habicht II | Managing Partner, SAIL Capital Partners • Mr. Dave Johnson | Director of Corporate Marketing, Rain Bird Corporation • Mr. Malcolm Morris | Chairman, Millennium Water Alliance • Mr. Christopher Rochfort | CEO, Star Water Solutions, Australia • Dr. Peter Waite | Exec. Vice President, ProLiteracy Worldwide

Each panelist was chosen because of their involvement in developing and implementing public education and awareness campaigns. While most of their experience revolved specifically around water-related campaigns, some panelists brought additional or parallel outreach experience to bear on the topic of water.

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Common themes:Several common themes emerged as the afternoon progressed. Despite the diverse assortment of audiences the outreach efforts intended to impact – be it a US audience, an Australian audience or an African audience – success (effecting attitude and behavior change) arose where there were similar conditions. Similarly, across this diverse assortment of audiences, the same obstacles to success existed.

Common conditions for success:To know water is to value water: When it comes to water-related education and awareness campaigns, the more an audience can be educated on their water source, treatment and supply, the more inclined they are to value their water. The end result: changed attitudes and behavior. Shared resource: Successful education and awareness campaigns communicate the message of a shared resource. For example, on the topic of conservation, attitude and behavior change is more likely if individuals are convinced that their actions impact others (and that others’ actions stand to impact them).Public-Private Partnerships: Successful campaigns leverage the fact that government entities, NGOs, public utilities and corporations can often all gain from communicating with a shared voice. Public-Private Partnerships can pool resources (financial, people, contacts, etc.) to broadcast a stronger message to a more broad audience. Sense of urgency: The greater the sense of urgency (severe drought, water restrictions, risks to public health and sanitation, etc.), the more attentive the audience and therefore the more successful the campaign. Local/direct impact: The mantra “think globally, act locally” might be adapted to “think locally, act locally” when it comes to running a successful education and awareness campaign. The most successful campaigns leverage local conditions affecting people in their daily lives to educate and motivate.

Common obstacles to success:Post-event indifference: On the flip side of the “sense of urgency” condition for success mentioned above is the likelihood that people will lose interest and therefore not pay attention to a campaign after the urgent “event” (drought, restrictions, public health risk) has passed. Panic is not productive: While any campaign seeking to effect behavior and attitude change must successfully communicate the severity of a situation, painting the situation as too grave (e.g. “We’re all doomed!”) can be counterproductive. The audience must feel that they can be part of the solution.

Applying Lessons LearnedThe thought behind staging this one-day event at the United Nations was to corral all of these experiences and observations gained through the development and implementation of various public campaigns (be they on water or another issue) to inform the development and implementation of a global water education and awareness campaign. While the desire of the event’s organizers is to be able to address diverse audiences around the world, the reality is that, in order to be successful, this campaign must be relevant to each audience it touches. So a successful campaign in this case will be one with an overarching message or brand, supported by several pillars (based on those common conditions for a successful campaign outlined above). And from each pillar will come different tactics to best reach different audiences.

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Pillar 1: Raise “Water IQ”The name of the September 16 event very intentionally paired “education” with “awareness” with the belief that, without context, awareness cannot bring about change. With that in mind, raising the public’s “water IQ,” as Carole Baker put it, should be a priority. When she was asked by the Texas Legislature to determine whether or not a statewide water conservation campaign was needed, she quickly learned that the Texas public couldn’t learn to conserve water until they learned what water was (where did it come from, how much was available to use, what affects water availability and cleanliness, etc.).

Similarly, Doug Bennett arrived at Southern Nevada Water Authority in 2000 and found that most Las Vegas residents knew very little about where their precious water came from: “A large number of them would have been able to identify Lake Mead, because they’ve driven boats on it and they know Hoover Dam holds it, but fewer of those people would have been able to name the river that was dammed to create Lake Mead or what state the headwaters are in.”

Pillar 2: Promote interconnectedness around waterWe learned that once an audience knows about water, they are more likely to value it. Similarly, they are more likely to understand that each individual’s everyday actions impact the larger community. Malcolm Morris4 shared a Zulu concept with the group: Umbutu. “You heard maybe from Hillary Clinton a phrase that it takes a village to raise a child, but there is a Zulu term that’s called Umbutu, and that means focusing on a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity.” While we likely can’t count on everyone changing their attitude and behavior out of a sense of a moral obligation, we can leverage the fact that some people will. And for others, guilt can be a powerful force! Many panelists acknowledged the power of “not wanting to look bad” in front of one’s friends and neighbors as a useful side effect of a campaign promoting a shared-resource message.

Chris Rochfort offered a compelling before-and-after account of public attitude toward conservation in Australia that supported the argument that sense of shared ownership brings about behavior and attitude change. As the driest inhabited continent, Australia has just come through an unprecedented 10-year drought (and in many places within the country, the drought continues). He said that before the drought and the accompanying water conservation public education campaigns, “it was common in urban areas of Australia to see people hosing down their driveways and then hosing down their gutters into the drive and letting it go from there. Nowadays, if you did that in Australia after the educational programs you would be hung, wrung and quartered.”

Pillar 3: Join forcesThe public-private partnership is here to stay, according to the afternoon’s panelists. Especially when it comes to such a complex issue as water, finding and implementing solutions will entail cooperation across all levels of government, public utilities, NGOs and the private sector.

Hank Habicht supported the idea that the altruistic argument to solve the world’s water problems can be bolstered by financial arguments to do so: “In 30 years of dealing with sustainable development, I know that the cause of sustainable development can only be advanced

4 Malcolm S. Morris Remarks in Appendix 2

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dramatically to the extent that people see return on investment as part of that equation, as a critical part of sustainability.” He alluded to strategist Michael Porter’s recent Harvard Business Review article promoting this concept of Shared Value Investing, and he referred to the “billions, maybe trillions of dollars from the world’s sovereign wealth funds, multinational development banks, USAID and others poised to move into these solutions.”

Through a partnership with the Texas Association of Broadcasters, Carole Baker’s Texas Water Foundation ran education and awareness ads for three months on English- and Spanish-language radio and TV statewide, expecting a three-to-one payback (getting $240,000 worth of air time for their $80,000 investment). Through the power of the public-private partnership, the campaign actually got a 10-to-1 payback when the broadcasters collectively gave the water conservation campaign $1 million worth of air time.

And in Las Vegas, Doug Bennett says that a key to Southern Nevada Water Authority’s conservation programs is “making sure that the private sector can make a living out of helping you do the things that you need to do. We’ve partnered with landscape contractors, home builders, car washes, and a number of other industries and that also helps us get the message out without it always coming from the mouthpiece of the Water Authority.”

Pillar 4: Seek permanent changeThe afternoon’s panelists agreed that any short-term change in public attitude or behavior is not going to solve the world’s water crisis. What is called for is long-term, permanent change. By far the biggest disappointment from those who developed and ran education and awareness campaigns was witnessing that any change they had brought about was fleeting.

As Doug Bennett put it, “People become very complacent very quickly: you talk to them about the [water levels in Lake Mead] and they forget the 150-foot drop before the 50-foot increase.” As a result, Southern Nevada Water Authority never stops reminding people about the need for everyone to continue to do their part in conserving water. To effect permanent attitude and behavior change, therefore, a campaign must in a sense be permanent – be it one that runs indefinitely or one that so permanently imprints its message in the minds of its audience that it doesn’t need to.

This desire for permanent change comes back to the marrying of education with awareness. Dave Johnson, from irrigation company Rain Bird, acknowledged that it’s easy for people to observe a sprinkler running in the rain and to be aware that that’s a waste of water. But by making education a cornerstone of its activities, the company trains irrigation professionals on products and technology that shut off irrigation when it’s raining and reaches out to homeowners to make sure they know about both the availability of such technology and how to work it.

“We think the most important thing we can do is educate people so that these situations don’t have to exist and educate them about technological advances in our industry that at a bare minimum eliminates those types of very obvious problems and starts to help position our industry as part of the solution and less part of the problem,” Johnson said.

While bringing about permanent changes in attitudes and behaviors is a more costly pursuit than effecting temporary change, all signs point to a good return on the investment. As was alluded to

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in the discussion on public-private partnerships, any investment toward solving the myriad water problems is likely to pay dividends over the long run. As Chris Rochfort put it, “There’s a guaranteed investment in that water is a necessity for life; it’s not a trend.”

Pillar 5: Bring it homeProLiteracy Worldwide’s Peter Waite was the one afternoon panelist whose area of expertise was not explicitly water-related. But, as we learned throughout the day, everyone has an expertise in water. In working to promote literacy throughout the world, he has worked closely with some of the 900 million people who don’t have access to healthy, clean water: “Virtually all of those 900 million, and in fact many more, have practically no basic literacy skills and function at the absolute lowest educational levels in the world. So we ensure that [public health] messages are implemented by a segment of population without basic literacy skills.” This is done in three steps: 1) Know the local, regional and national literacy rates before developing and launching any campaign; 2) Develop collateral that take into consideration the varying levels of literacy; 3) Identify what’s critical to communicate the message effectively.

In a nutshell, ProLiteracy Worldwide’s activities are no different than Madison Avenue’s: they get to know their market. As Waite explained, “Every major movement in the world has always been successful as a result of investing in the constituents who were affected, and so the strategies need to look at how you go about engaging individuals most affected. We recognized long ago that we were more than a literacy organization; we are a social change organization and as such what we begin to do is to imbed in all the literacy work that we do education about key issues. And what is one of those? Water.”

Conclusions and Next Steps During his lunchtime comments, author Charles Fishman observed that such water-issues events seem to convene the same people again and again. He challenged this group to change the communication from internal to external. This was, in fact, the exact purpose of the event. Convening water experts to speak among themselves is at once inspiring and disheartening – so much useful information, but few “new” listeners. The addition of an afternoon panel dedicated to sharing and analyzing best practices in public education and awareness campaigns will hopefully enable us to redirect the flow of information outward, to a broad, global audience.

The Next Phase

Money is the mother’s milk of building a Worldwide Water Awareness and Education Campaign. Raising funds is critical in order to help implement a comprehensive branding initiative and its imperative the private sector function as the centerpiece in helping to underwrite this important effort.

The Chronicles Group will continue to play its leadership role in moving this educational effort forward by organizing further follow-up Water Education Events, as well as launching one or more RUNNING DRY documentaries in 2012 in order to educate the general public about the water crisis and its connecting issues.

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Furthermore, the Chronicles Group can function as a conduit in helping other organizations and individuals to generate the following deliverables and effort:

(1) Radio, television and internet public service announcements (PSA’s) (2) Development of a special website (3) Creation of a global social networking strategy (4) Preparation and distribution of white papers and op-Ed’s through the media (5) Organization of public meetings, educational projects and events throughout the

world (6) Establishment of school curriculum for Kindergarten through the University level (7) Organize media interviews with water experts (8) Targeting strategic partners

In addition, the Chronicles Group encourages other public and private organization and individuals to independently conduct fundraising campaigns and organize and implement far reaching water education projects, in order to reach the general public.

As previously mentioned, in order to stimulate public policies, action plans and solutions to the impending global water crisis the general public (the body politic – all the people) must be enlightened to the evolving reality of the World and encouraged to take positive constructive action in order to confront the emergency.

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APPENDIX 1

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APPENDIX 1

Transcripts (AM and PM Sessions)

Conference Opening

IJ: Good morning distinguished delegates…ladies and gentlemen it is my pleasure to open the International Water Forum at the United Nations. The water forum is chaired by Dr. Harold Oh and I have had the pleasure of working with him for the past several years.

We are introducing myself I am Professor Ilan Juran from New York University and the Executive Director of the W-Smart Organization. The W-Smart organization was created two weeks after 911 we all remember last week the catastrophic effects of 911. 911 changed our life, raised new challenges and changed our culture to become safety culture and security culture on a global level, while its application has always to be on the local level. W-Smart was created at the request of the commissioner of New York City Department of Environmental Protection two days after 911. His vision was that only through international collaboration leveraging resources on a global level, a global phenomenon such as terrorism can be responded to. This was a challenge to bring together utilities around the world and these utilities all have endorsed the idea and the concept to work together for promoting experience exchange, sharing experiences providing different solutions for the America challenges of water safety and security. The challenge of water safety and security is not limited to counter terrorism over the years members of W-Smart utilities from north American, Canada, Israel, Europe have got together to assist and support different cities around the world. And this is the agenda of the W-Smart organization. Our partners have always been United Nation, Unicef, WHO, the International Water Association and together through public education, public awareness capacity building W-Smart is trying with resources of its own members to support better practice of water security, sustainability and safety today and tomorrow. I’ve been very touched to see that the issues raised here are not only related to American or emerging and developing countries but the special session has been devoted and dedicated to public awareness an education toward water safety culture. We at W-Smart believe that only such forums can in the future provide the framework for the assessment, development and deployment of new ways, new solution for future water safety and sustainability. For this purpose on behalf of the W-Smart members I wanted to thank Dr. Harold Oh, President and Chairman of the Energy Board of Institute of New York and our Chairman for today for the Well Water Organization who brought us all here to think together, to imagine and to be creative in trying to develop a better wealth for our future generations. And with this I would like to ask Dr. Oh, Howard Oh to share with us today this morning his welcome address. Thank you.

HO: Thank you Professor Juran, excellencies, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, colleagues and friends. I am very pleased to welcome you all to the International Water Forum at the United Nations. Today we have come together to discuss one of the most important causes of our time, water is that cause. This blue planet earth our home is becoming a thirsty place and water to each of us is of urgent concern across the globe affecting hundreds of millions of people. Water problems will continue to escalate in the future as many sources of fresh water will be under increasing pressure from climate change and population growth. Water crisis transcends all human boundaries whether they are racial, cultural, religious and national. All of humanity faces the challenges together as a matter of survival. While sustainable supplies of safe and clean water are a biological necessity for all of us. Water is also at the root of other critical

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planetary concerns such as: food shortage, health, economy and social development and even regional peace and security.

US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton stated in a press conference a couple of years ago that all future wars will revolve around water and access to it. Scholars and experts have noted water will be to the 21st century that oil was to 20th century.

But here is the good news water issues are not an innate cause of crisis and it is not too late with the right policies and priorities and with the political will of all people we can find the solutions. Today therefore we have come together at the United Nations with a high sense of optimism and hope, let us empower communities and countries to meet their own challenges, extend our international coordination, make sound investments, foster innovation and build effective partnerships so that we make tangible progress. We look forward to creating a water secure world that can benefit all nations and peoples, especially those who are water deprived, women and children in many parts of the world.

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen our generation is indeed facing challenging times but also history opportunity to come together and create a new paradigm for more sustainable future for ourselves and for those who come after us to this planet. Today at the International Water Forum at the United Nations as a concrete step we are launching a new initiative, a worldwide education and awareness campaign so that all of us can be more respectful of our environment, more appreciative of water, ultimately a greater appreciation of our common life here on earth. I see here high caliber of experts with us today, who’s who of water, prominent policy makers, academics, leaders of the corporate world. It is my honor and privilege to work with you for the great cause of water and to make a difference towards a better world.

Let me welcome all of you again to this wonderful morning together to share ideas and to make, take actions for the future of our humanity. I wish you all the best and certainly look forward to a great discussion. Thank you very much.

IJ: I would like to invite Dr. William Cooper Director and Professor at Urban Water Research Center Department of Civil Environment Engineering University of California to introduce our keynote speaker for this morning. Miss Patricia Mulroy.

WC: Thank you good morning distinguished guests ladies and gentlemen it’s my distinct honor to introduce Pat Mulroy to you and when you look at a stream of water flowing down from a mountain it never follows a straight path it goes this way and that way. If you are Pat Mulroy and you start life as a German literature major and continue through under graduate and graduate school culminating in Stanford a German literature major you might wonder how Pat could possibly end up the General Manager of the Southern Nevada Water Authority. While I assure you that a good education is nothing more than a series of bricks laying a foundation for problem solving in the future. There are very few people in the Southwest and I would venture to say in the United States that have done more for the world of water than Pat Mulroy. It’s hard to describe all of the efforts that she’s conducted but I can tell you on the Colorado River she is revered as one of the most important people in both the allocation of water, the treatment of water, the treatment of wastewater and in general assuring water quality security and water quantity security in the Southwestern United States. And in a forum such as this one cannot help

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but think about sustainability at a talk that I was instrumental in getting her to the National Academy of Sciences several about a year ago or so. Somebody in the audience asked her what keeps you awake at night? Her answer was clear and crisp climate change, climate change is by far the biggest unknown that we as a planet face and we as water people are going to have to deal with in the next 50 maybe 20, 50 to 100 years. So without any further adieu, I would like to introduce to you Miss Patricia Mulroy, the General Manager of the Southern Nevada Water Authority a leading figure in water in the United States….Pat.

PM: Thank you Bill it is my distinct honor and privilege to be sitting here in front of you this morning and have an opportunity to talk to you about something that is near and dear to my heart. Yes I started off as a German Literature major and maybe that has afforded me the benefit of being able to look at this issue of water in a different way. Not from a legal perspective, trying to protect laws of old, not from an engineering perspective with the belief that you can build your way out of any problem, not even from a scientific perspective that you know the answer to everything lies in science. Yes many of the solutions are imbedded in mosaic pieces that come from those various disciplines. But at the end of the day its about our attitude, the way we talk about water, the way we view water, the way we communicate with our public about water, we’ve made it so complicated we have made it so technical we lose our audience. If we are going to talk about water awareness and I can think of no more poignant subject with which to communicate to the people of this world than around water. We turn on the TV we see the force of water destroying lives because there is too much of it. The next day we turn on the TV and we see the force of water in its absence, it has a profound impact on us on our environment, on our society on the world we live in. It will take generations for us to mitigate the impacts of climate change. While we are mitigating and while we are fighting our way to come to a new way of dealing with our omissions and our relationship with our planet we are going to have to adapt. We can’t adapt in a dictatorial way from the top down, we have to bring our constituencies along.

I come from an unlikely city its probably a little bizarre to many of you that someone from this very surreal place of Las Vegas which is renowned around the world for having creating its own sense of virtual reality, for where else can you travel from Tuscany to Egypt within the distance of a block. Where else in the driest spot in the US can you see magical fountains dancing to fabulous classical music, can you travel the canals of Venice through a hotel lobby with gondoliers singing? It’s a surreal place and Steve Winn told me once…Pat we create virtual reality here and he’s right. But while we sell virtual reality we are very much based in reality and we know we’re the driest spot in the US. We haven’t even had an inch of rain this year yet. We are 90% dependent on a very meager stream, so coming from that place we have an appreciation for this resource that has especially grown over the last 20 years that has given us a very different relationship with it and it has taught us the lesson that I really want to share today and the one that I’ve come to believe is probably the single most important lesson that we have to communicate. And that’s a journey that we’re going from fierce independence around our supposed local water supplies to a recognition of interdependence and whether that interdependence is global because food grown in one area sustains life in another area. Or whether that independence is far more pragmatic and on the ground is what we experience in the Colorado River Basin, it is that recognition, that appreciation and embracing of a new interdependence that’s going to make the difference. Let me bring it to life for you by sharing with you what’s happened over the last 11 years in the Colorado River Basin. For those of you who aren’t familiar with it start with me at the head waters in Wyoming travel down to Colorado all this

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on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains on the western side of the continental divide. The natural basin then flows through New Mexico through the San Juan it travels through Utah with the Green River comes down the main stem into Arizona, California and Nevada and finds its terminus in the Gulf of California in the country of Mexico. The real watershed however is not the natural watershed. Let’s travel in it and look at it in a different way. In Wyoming we move the water out of the watershed to Cheyenne. In Colorado through any number of aqueducts on the Rocky Mountains we move water from the western side of the continent divide across and through the Rocky Mountains to the front range of Colorado to Denver, Boulder, Aurora and all the agricultural districts on that side in the Kansas Nebraska watershed. Come down to New Mexico we take water out of the Colorado River watershed move it into the real watershed by sending it to Albuquerque. In Utah we move water across the Utah desert to the Wasatch front to Salt Lake, Provo, Orem and the cities of the Wasatch front. Down in Arizona we move water 380 miles through an aqueduct across the Arizona desert to the central cities of Arizona Phoenix, Scottsdale, Mesa and even down to Tucson. Come down to Havasu on the other side and you take it hundreds of miles across the California desert to the coastal cities and 20 million population and the 6th or 7th largest economy in the world. Take it down even further at the border between the United States and Mexico on the All American Canal yes it fuels large agricultural districts down in southern California but it travels on and into the country of Mexico and Tijuana. If you look at the economic impact and the artificial watershed that we have created and since southern California is connected to northern California through the state water project you can take it all the way up into the bay area cities, you have an economic interdependent watershed that represents almost 28% of this country’s GDP.

You cannot push at one end of this system without causing consequences at another end of this system. Now what else does this river have on it. It has 60 million acre feet of stored capacity generating millions, thousands of megawatts of energy. There any number of Indian tribes, Indian nation’s dependent on this water supply. One agricultural district in southern California alone is 11% of this country’s fresh winter fruits and vegetables, the agricultural industry in the southern part of this basin exports over a billion dollars of agricultural exports into Asia every single year. It has ties that reach outside of our country through the food supply. It is an enormous interdependent watershed where its inhabitants and they are well over 30 million have thought that they had mastered Mother Nature. They had built some of the greatest dam structures in the world, Hoover dam, Glen Canyon dam enormous reservoirs behind them and we thought that we had conquered the driest stream and had made it our master. All that interdependence began to look very, very different because we were 7 very fiercely independent states. In the western United States water is a states right and at the local level it is a local right and if Mark Twain was right, nothing will bring the guns out faster in the western United States than discussions about water.

As the drought began to settle as we saw the reservoirs begin to drop we began to realize we hadn’t conquered and that we could no longer run this river system as eight independent pieces. We had to sit through some of the most grueling discussions for almost four years as we began to redefine arrangements between us, compacts and regulations that had lasted almost 80 years. We are living with a body of law that worked in the 19th Century, maybe into the beginning of the 20th Century. But as the populations grew, as the agricultural exports grew, as the Indian nations wanted water for their people as our power needs increased. Guess what those laws began to show their cracks on the edges. We’ve been on a journey, a journey where we’ve begun to

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recognize it begins with each of us at the local level. We need to communicate to our customers that the amount of water that we are using on an individual basis we can’t continue to consume. We are a planet of 7 billion people almost now soon to be 9, 9 ½ billion people, there’s not enough to grow the food, generate the energy and create a safe potable drinking supply for all of us given the exponential growth of mankind and the need that water bring in its wake. Begins at the local level it moves to the regional and state level. We can’t afford to go to court; we can’t afford to bring out the guns, why because we don’t have the luxury of time. As the drought got deeper and deeper, as the reservoirs went down and down, we recognized that only by bringing all the various arrows that each one of us have in our quiver to bear and by beginning to share this resource not hoarding it, throwing away that word you’re stealing my water, you’re stealing my heritage, it is mine. No it is ours. And it is ours by how we define how we are going to share it, use it amongst ourselves, with our neighbors, with our environment, with cultures that our different than our own. It defines who we are and in 2007 after brutal discussions we began to make the changes that were necessary and we began to redefine a compact that we said had been etched in stone and was really what Moses had been handed. On stone tablets never to be changed immovable its flexible it has to be flexible, it is very difficult for us to appreciate that movement from independence to interdependence it’s the language we use. We as water leaders, we as political leaders, need to leave the strident language behind, there’s no way those absolutely critical partnerships that will enable innovation to take place, enable engineers to do what engineers do best, we can’t set the table for it, we can’t educate the public if we use language that acrimonious and that’s strident. I was as much a part of that as anybody else 20 years ago. I could say the nastiest things about Metropolitan that you can imagine. Today Metropolitan, ourselves, the central Arizona cities who have a long glorious history of running to court and letting somebody else dictate our fate, are doing everything together, we are jointly funding feasibility studies, we are jointly building facilities we are banking in one state to benefit another state. We in Nevada turned our conserved water to southern California when our neighbors desperately needed it, knowing we’ll get it back another day. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts and it has to be, 9 ½ billion people cannot survive on this planet unless we change our language, our relationship, it is a vehicle for peace; it’s not a vehicle for war. And I want to leave you with and you will have the opportunity to meet and listen to Charles Fishman at lunch, I want to leave you with how he closed his book, the Big Thirst because in my mind it says it all. Everything about water is about change, except of course for water itself. It’s our fate that hangs on how we approach water. The quality of our lives the variety and resilience of our society, the character of our humanity, water itself will be fine, water will remain exuberantly wet. Thank you.

IJ: Thank Miss Mulroy for this outstanding welcoming remarks thinking about the issues of water around the world the challenges and immerging countries in our western society certainly there is a need, a critical need is there for globalization and all the philosophy of water sustainable water development and safety culture of the water that we all live to share. Thank you so much for your message.

PM: Oh you are so welcome

IJ: Thank you, I would like to invite Mr. Jim Thebaut for the President of the Chronicles Group for his opening remarks.

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JT: Hi, I’m really glad you are all here. This is an important event that came about, about a year ago when I started thinking the fact that we produce documentaries the running dry series and there are a lot of other people doing the same thing, reaching out trying to educate that we really haven’t broken through into the psyche of the general public well enough. It’s my feeling and I think it is shared by others that we can’t solve this problem effectively without reaching into the hearts and minds of everybody, the body politic people all over the world. And so it is the objective of this event today which I think is kind of a one of a kind is to bring both the domestic and international people together to say listen what we have to do is work together to generate a major public information education program and beginning maybe with the Americans because Americans bless our hearts really take water for granted we turn on our tap, clear clean drinking water comes out we don’t give it a second thought, costs very little compared to other places of the world. And those days are really numbered and so consequently we really have to educate people on the full spectrum of water and all its interrelated issues: public health, agriculture, food supply, its connection with energy and obviously climate change, drought as they are experiencing ungodly drought in Texas and not to mention the major famine in the horn of Africa so we really have to reach out and get into peoples heads and realize this is not only a moral issue which clearly it is but it really effects international security and the economy. So I really feel very strongly that at the end of the day today and this afternoon you will see in the morning you are going to hear from some really brilliant people who will talk about the issues that are facing the world and our own country the United States but how it affects and how we can reach the public the general public the body politic.

And this afternoon you are going to hear from some people who are really involved in community outreach, public relations, that is what they do, so at the end of the day we are going to come up with a plan, a strategy on how to reach the world and we can’t do this without obviously money is the mothers milk of what we do in terms of communication so we are going to call on those people around the world, in our community who can afford to help underwrite this important endeavor. So that is what this is all about today its really implementing a major education program that is what it is all about and when you leave here today I want you and Jane will kind of pick this up a little bit. But I want you to be a part of this whole educational campaign don’t just walk away for the day and say, oh that was an interesting day. You have a mission and starting the major education program, now I am going to introduce the next speaker who is a dear person, friend and years ago when we met we started establishing a working relationship and Jane is really when I put together the running dry series Jane is the narrator of the documentaries and I wanted to think of Jane as the voice of mother earth, so I am going to introduce a very dear person my dear friend, Jane Seymour.

JS: Thank you Jim. Thank you, in 2004 Jim Thebaut asked me to work with him on educating the world about the severity of the global humanitarian water and sanitation crisis. I agreed to support the Chronicles Group Running Dry project the educational effort and the reason was that I had seen first hand what it was like to live without water and without sanitation. I’m also on the celebrity cabinet of the American Red Cross and specifically with the measles initiative and I went with a bunch of 12 year olds from Los Angeles schools and we made a documentary ourselves whilst we vaccinated 14 million children in a week for measles. And while I was there I was astounded to see this was in Kenya that in Nairobi 70% of the people lived in slums that were beyond my wildest imagination that any human being let alone animal could survive under these conditions. And to really see and to smell and experience what it is like for

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people to have no water and no sanitation was extraordinary and I had the privilege of taking my children very young children with me at this time and letting them see that and it was a life changing opportunity for them too. And it made me realize more than ever that water and sanitation is the life blood of our world and as Patricia so beautifully said it…it’s a global effort so that is why I got involved with Jim on this. Early on in this far-reaching and challenging endeavor I presented on camera a call to action and I deeply believe these words reflect the foundation and the spirit of today’s historical water education forum at the United Nations. The global humanitarian water crisis is not only a security and an economic issue it’s a moral issue, we need global revolution in our approach to education to empower ourselves and our children to think to question and to act, we need to be a teacher and a student and inspire everyone around us through our example, but it is within our power to transform ourselves. Just a few compassionate concerned citizens can make an immense difference for all of humanity. So take specific actions that will impact institutions in your life, speak out whenever you can regarding the crisis, when any forum presents itself, write letters and emails, phone in questions and concerns and support the enlightened candidates for public office because there are amazing opportunities available for each of us for creating a healthy planet right now. Believe it or not it is possible to have enough clean drinking water for everyone around the world, each of us have or own interests, abilities and skills, so ask yourself what speaks to my heart, what can I uniquely do. One thing we can and we must do is to educate ourselves and those around us and inspire others because the most contagious thing in the world is enthusiasm. A small handful of people can change a nation and through it the world. In 2005 the original Running Dry documentary became the genesis for the enactment for the Senator Paul Simon Water for The Poor Act which makes access to safe water and sanitation for developing countries a specific policy objective. It marked the beginning of a long term process to develop and implement a strategy by the United States government to confront the international water crisis.

In 2010 members of Congress felt strongly the legislation needed to be strengthened in order to establish a goal of reaching 100 million people with first time access to safe drinking water and sanitation on a sustainable basis by 2015, by improving the capacity of the United States to fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for The Poor Act. So the video you are about to experience presents the depth and dimension of the Senator Paul Simon Water for The Poor Act.

(Start Video)

JS: Now I would like to introduce John Oldfield. Mr. Oldfield is currently Managing Director of the WASH Advocacy Initiative a non profit advocacy collaborative in Washington DC entirely dedicated to helping solve the global safe drinking water sanitation and hygiene WASH challenge. His previous experience in the WASH sector includes founding two implementing non profits active in Africa and his tenure as Executive Vice President with water advocates and advocacy group in Washington DC also dedicated to increasing financial and political support for worldwide access to safe affordable and sustainable supplies of drinking water and adequate sanitation. Prior to water advocates he was a Vice President at a New York private equity firm specializing in leverage buyouts and corporate divestitures. Mr. Oldfield has also been with the Conference Board, a New York based economic research firm which provides which produces the well known leading economic indicators and consumer confidence index. While there he launched and managed two innovative online services including a corporate training business… Mr. John Oldfield.

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JO: Thank you alright boy this is one of those times where I wish my mom was here this is going on my list getting introduced by Jane Seymour…thank you for the nice words Jane it is truly an honor. After that introduction and that movie those are pretty hard acts to follow. I really think you need a sitting senator or a congressman or a rock star up here to make some follow up comments to that movie. I am not a senator I am not a rock star and I am just as disappointed as you are all in that fact but regardless I do want to thank you Jim and the panelists here. I want to thank you for making that movie; I want to thank you for convening us and for the opportunity to say just a few words here. Before I continue I do want to thank the protagonists of that movie Senator Frist and I want to particularly mention Bill Hoagland who worked with Senator Frist…Bill are you in the audience here, you might want to make yourself known way in the back there. Bill Hoagland….sorry to put you on the spot like that but Bill Hoagland was Senator Frist’s right hand man on the Water for the Poor Act when that passed in 2005. I also want to thank Senator Durbin and Congressman Blumenauer and the others in the movie and just on a personal note I have to say it’s a real pleasure for me personally to continue to work closely with Patty Simon on her husbands legacy and I would like to quickly acknowledge her contributions both to the movie and to the broader global wash challenge. My little group in Washington DC the Wash Advocacy Initiative is a non profit advocacy group dedicated entirely to helping solve the global safe drinking water sanitation and hygiene challenge. The global Wash Challenge. We are grateful to the Conrad and Hilton Foundation and to the Wallace Genetic Foundation for supporting our work which allows us to singularly focus on raising awareness of the global Wash challenge and raising awareness of the solutions to the global Wash challenge that we have heard a lot about so far this morning.

My take a ways from the movie are pretty simple but first of all and most simply this is a big deal, this is a grave, grave challenge more importantly it is as panelists have suggested this morning, a solvable challenge and Jane just said it better than I ever will, it is a solvable challenge. We know the solution we don’t have to invent anything. It takes money, it takes solving it sustain ably and cost effectively community by community in every country in the developing world and it takes political will. We need political leaders able and willing to stand up and lead for this issue in this country and in every single developing country. My second take away from that movie is that water is medicine, toilets are medicine, water and toilets are the best kind of medicine, the sort of medicine that doesn’t just cure sickness but prevents sickness from happening in the first place. No one understands that better than Senator Frist and himself a practicing physician. The third take away from that movie is education is key. People need everywhere in the world to understand the gravity of this challenge but to understand the solvability of this challenge and most importantly people need to understand what their specific tangible part of that solution is and I’m going to try to hint at that in some of my remarks here this morning. Lastly, and I wish I had more time to expound on this just a touch. Water is not just a good development assistance opportunity for the American Government and private citizens, water provides Americans both our government and private citizens a leadership opportunity, a genuine bipartisan leadership opportunity in every country in the world. Water is good development water is good preventive diplomacy and water is security, so Jim kudos once again for making an inspired and an inspiring film.

Why are we here today? I am here because my job at its most simplest to get more Wash more sustain ably to more people. You are here because every single one of you is part of the solution and if I think about it a little bit I think we are all here because most of our ancestors are

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mammals and thus water is absolutely pivotal to our survival on this planet. But you would be surprised speaking of education about how hard it is to get that point across. I was talking recently with a British friend of mine trying to convince him of the importance the salience of water to his daily existence to his morning ritual and I asked him what are the first three things you do in the morning and how important is water to those three things? So think about that and his response however dismayed me a bit, he told me well the first three things I do in the morning, I smoke a cigarette, I finish my gin from the night before, and I have myself a good scratch. So I am not at all convinced that I did not encourage my British friend to take action to help solve the world safe drinking water problem I intend to have must better luck with you today. Here’s how…as we have heard back in 2005 the Senator Paul Simon Water For the Poor Act became law, after a great deal of work from Congressman Blumenauer, Senate Leader Bill Frist and many others on Capitol Hill. The US non-profit sector was very, very active in pushing for this legislation as well. Many organizations including Wash Advocates, CARE, Water Aid, Living Water International, the Millennium Water Alliance, CSIS and many others were actively pushing this behind the scenes. And as Jane said, the Water for the Poor Act enshrined safe drinking water and sanitation as a priority of US foreign policy by amending the foreign assistance act of 1961. Since 2005 we’ve been fighting the annual appropriations battle to make sure that the Water for the Poor Act is properly funded and implemented and on the appropriations note, I live and I work in Washington DC you might have heard it’s a very partisan environment these days lets say so I’m an open book I’ll reveal my political leanings right now. I subscribe to the Maureen Dowd School of politics she’s a New York Times editorialist very good one and her political philosophy is if you don’t have something nice to say about somebody then by God let’s hear it right now.

So I am going to start with the bad news, the bad news is that times are tough in Washington DC and we’ve also heard that this morning. The International Affairs Budget and the Wash subside of that budget faces drastic, very, very significant budget cuts not just for this next fiscal year but for the next decade. But the good news is this, the relevant subcommittee of that House of Representative so far for 2012 has not cut the Wash budget, has not cut the Water for the Poor Act budget. So while we are encouraging the House the full House to consolidate that progress our focus right now is on Senate appropriators for 2012 and I will get back to that in just a second. Overall the news is quite positive the funding level for the Water for the Poor Act has moved from 100 million a year to 315 million dollars a year since the passage of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act. As you know the successor legislation the Water for the World Act has been introduced in the Senate its coming soon perhaps very soon in the House and it does improve on the Water for the Poor Act in a number of ways. It continues to build leadership and human resources capacity for the Water for the Poor Act in both USAID and the US Department of State. And Chris Holmes the Global Water coordinator at USAID for whom you will hear later is one very, very positive example of that progress. It does commit to reaching 100 million people with safe drinking water and sanitation over the next six fiscal years. The Water for the World Act also includes a 25% match to encourage match making between the US public sector and the US private sector, philanthropists, rotary clubs, church groups and so on and perhaps most importantly the Water for the World Act looks at Wash as its own important development priority but it also looks at Wash as a compliment as an enabler of sustainable progress towards other related development challenges, global public health, girls education, nutrition, HIV treatment, women’s empowerment and so on.

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So the call to action here today that I would offer is educate, educate, educate. Educate at different levels, at different times and with different asks depending on who is sitting across the table from you at any given time. My particular role in Washington DC if you are comfortable reaching out to your member of congress or your senator we have some ideas for you. Next Wednesday September 21st the relevant subcommittee of the senate appropriations committee marks up, finalizes their 2012 spending bill between right now and I’m not encouraging to play hooky stay at Jim’s meeting please but right after the meeting call your senator, call your congressman, write them an email have a personal meeting between now and next Wednesday with Senate appropriators to encourage them to support the international affairs budget and to encourage them to support funding for the Water for the Poor Act. If next Wednesday goes well and I don’t want to put any figures on this but we are moderately confident that it will based on what is happening in the House of Representatives so far we will consolidate that progress and we will focus on the joint select committee on deficit reduction who is making decisions right now which are going to impact the next ten years of international affairs budgets. My colleagues at Wash Advocates and several other people in the room can provide you with letters and templates and tweets and facebook posts and everything else that you as individuals and institutions need to be a part of this effort.

Later this year of course Jim and I and others are going to be coming back to you asking for your support to get the Water for the World Act passed into law. So stay tuned and stay in touch on that. The bottom line regarding these pieces of legislation as far as I’m concerned is this Americans are already doing a ton to help solve the global safe drinking water and sanitation and hygiene challenge so it might appear that my group is asking congress to lead on this issue that’s actually not true we are asking congress to follow American citizens leading on this issue. We are asking congress to follow what their constituents in every state in every congressional district are already doing to help solve the water challenge through their rotary clubs, their church groups, their companies, their philanthropies, their schools, their universities and so on. Each and every single one of you as global citizens has a role to play and we are here to help only if and as appropriate and with all due respect to Pat and the Las Vegas tourism bureau this is not Las Vegas. What happens in this room should not stay in this room.

And I challenge you to consider the assertion this morning that the global safe drinking water problem is more solvable than difficult, it is more solvable than difficult, and I challenge you to think about what your particular piece of that solution is. Jim and Jennifer I am grateful for this opportunity I salute you I applaud what you are doing here today and I stand by hoping that my colleagues at Wash Advocates and I can help your efforts. Thank you very much.

JS: I just want in closing just say a couple of words about how impressive this is and how daunted I am and how excited I am to be on this panel with all of you and how I wish I could be here for the rest of the day and to hear everything that you are going to come up with and all these amazing speeches but more than anything I am a mother of six when I was in Kenya I was in these slums and I heard that mothers didn’t name their children before the age of four because they expected them to die from water borne diseases that are all avoidable that’s when I decided that water is the most important thing on the planet today and this is what we have to teach our children, we have to teach ourselves and it is a moral issue and it is doable and we have the ability here and this is really an amazing call to action and something I am very proud to be a part of and not sure about being mother earth but you know a little fake doctor…thank you.

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IJ: I would like to thank all of the panelists for their words, suggestions, creativity and the marching order for today. I would like to wish all of you a very productive discussion during the day and with this I would like to close the introduction session I understand we have 15 minute break and we will resume in 15 minutes from now.

Session 1: Water Issues in North America – A Focus on the United States

EW: Good morning my name is Eric Webb and I’ve been asked to be the moderator of the two panel sessions that we will begin at this point. It’s a great privilege to be here and introduce the participants on our first panel session entitled, Water Issues in North America, a Focus on the United States. I have been informed by the audio visual team who are recording the event that when any of you push the microphone buttons or other devices in front of you that interferes with the recording so I would ask that you refrain from playing with the electronic devices. I apologize that probably sounds a little bit like the conversation I have with my children but it is not meant to be disrespectful we would be grateful for your cooperation.

The topics that have been discussed and that will be the focus of our attention over the next several hours are troubling but also engaging. The dialog only matters however to the extent that we expand the community of those that understand, care and take action. This will require an educational quest that will be pursued on many fronts. An author and friend Steve Solomon and speaking about America’s relationship and that is of course the concepts that we will discuss in today’s panel, said the following: America leveraged its abundant natural resources to become civilizations world super power in the 20th Century, like other great states rise to power American gained command of its native resources and mobilized waters inherent transformational powers to produce spectacular breakthroughs that defined our age. These breakthroughs included eastern industrial power through water wheels and turbines then harnessing the transportation capacity of the Mississippi and its tributaries to unlock an abundant heartland followed by creation of the irrigated agriculture, mining and hydroelectric cornucopia in the west via Boulder Dam and its progeny. This is the developmental opportunities that exist in our country and across the world. Thus the very essence of who we are as a nation revolves around our water resources. So what is the situation today and how have done at shepherding those resources? Our first panel will address an array of the current challenges. I would like to first introduce Mr. Alfonso Ortiz Jr. Mayor of the City of Las Vegas New Mexico who will have an opening remark after which I will introduce the rest of our panel members.

AO: Thank you very much Dr. Webb. Good morning ladies and gentlemen, I’ll just say that I’m an expert of water in the sense that for the last 2.4, 2 and a quarter million seconds of my life I have been dependant on water. It’s a great honor to be here as a participant in the International Water Forum the United Nations. I’m just impressed this is a one life opportunity for me so I am very, very happy to be here. My name is Alfonso Ortiz Jr. I’m the proud mayor of the city of Las Vegas, New Mexico. My City is the original Las Vegas which was established 176 years ago. For over 40 years Las Vegas has experienced water shortages and by the way Las Vegas is in New Mexico and New Mexico is part of the United States. Las Vegas is presently experiencing a major drought which has necessitated extreme conservation measures as a result we have been able to reduce water consumption by 25%. This summer our water supply was at less than 50 days, last year a fire threatened our watershed had the fire reached the watershed the City of Las Vegas would have lost 90% of our water supply and that could have meant being without water

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for a five year period. It’s amazing what ash will do to water. It’s commendable that the issue of water scarcity is a top priority at the United Nations level the United States has national distribution assistance for utilities, highways and those kinds of things but not for water. Due to the dry conditions the Arizona fire which started on May 29, 2011 burned 817 square miles across eastern Arizona and 24 square miles in western New Mexico. The estimated cost was 109 million dollars, Houston Texas has received only 1.5 inches in the last three months which just 15% of the normal amount and less than in some parts of the Sahara Desert during the same period of time. Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico Texas, Oklahoma and Louisiana have set records on the hottest August on record. The exceptional drought covering Texas and parts of Louisiana and New Mexico and Oklahoma is more intense than the dust bowls of the 1930’s and few people remember the dust bowls those were sad days, dry days though it hasn’t lasted as long. Texas hasn’t been this dry since 1789. I just want to make a statement also I’ve got one paper out of…I want to say that temperature increases could challenge water sustainability in the American Southwest, this could lead to droughts that could last up to 60 years and this is based on a series of studies. I believe that the role of public education and the awareness has to be initiated at the highest levels of government with policy makers and continue down to individual consumers. Initiatives at the highest levels of government will establish official legitimacy to the seriousness of our water problems. Public education awareness has to be inclusive of conservation, effective utilization of affluent water, desalination of ocean and brackish water, innovative water harvesting practices and national research on water.

Let me just point out a couple of things, a few things that are very important. Americans use about 100 gallons of water at home each day, millions of the worlds poorest subsist on fewer than 5 gallons, let me just indicate also that the longest water tunnel supplying New York City is 85 miles long and leaks up to 35 million gallons a day. At this rate we could see that Americans that use 100 gallons could last we could meet the needs of 350 thousand consumers and if we look at people in the world that only depend on 5 on 10 gallons we are looking at 3.5 million people that would be assisted with our water source. In 15 years 1.8 billion people will live in regions of severe water scarcity, 3.1…3.3 million die from water related health problems each year as been pointed out by the other people. In today’s world concerns the major issue is our poor economy and jobs. As important as this issue is dare I say, and I will say it, the poor economy worldwide is meaningless when compared to worldwide water scarcity, we must keep in mind that in general a person survives weeks without food days without water and only minutes without clean air to breathe.

My sincerest thanks to Mr. Jim Thebaut for the opportunity to be here today, Jim Thebaut I’ve met him twice he’s an honorable man, thank you so much for making this conference possible and its people like that that we need in this country of ours, this world of ours to realize that not only is water important for production for the economy for everything mentioned but for life, life is we are dependant on food, water, air and that’s what life is all about, once we have those, we have democracy, we have freedom then the question is what do we do with that? And that is the question I’m really serious concerned about, that we have all the blessings available to us, there is a hesitation for us to do anything meaningful, we simply breathe we survive, we get along, we go through the motions, but there are so many things that humans can do, we are blessed with so many abilities.

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At this time it’s my pleasure to introduce Dr. Eric W. Webb Manager of the Institutional Relations at Sandia National Laboratories, Dr. Webb is a hydro geologist he has been working with US Water Policy for over a decade and will be the facilitator for the next two sessions. I thank you so much my pleasure and my honor to be here today and again thank you Jim Thebaut for the opportunity. Dr. Webb

EW: Thank you Mayor Ortiz. At this point it’s my privilege to start our panel session the biographical information for each of our speakers is included in the program and I would encourage you to take a look at that information because I think it will add weight to the remarks that they make today. What we have asked each of the panelists to do is to speak on a specific area of expertise for about 10 minutes each and after I introduce each of them I’ll introduce them in mass will ask them to take their turn in this order of the program I won’t interrupt unless they’re taking more than their fair share of the time. And then we will have hopefully at the end of their remarks a few minutes to take questions from the audience. So as you are listening to their remarks we would encourage you to think about questions that they raise? Our speakers in this order will be Dr. Michael Campana who is a Professor of Water Resources at Oregon State University and this year the President of the American Water Resources Association. Dr. Campana will be followed then by Mrs. Mary Ann Dickenson President and CEO of the Alliance for Water Efficiency, followed by Mr. Ben Grumbles who is currently President of Clean Water America Alliance and then followed by Mr. Jeff Mosher who is the Executive Director of the National Water Research Institute, finally Mr. David Nahai who is the former General Manager of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power will conclude our presentations. So I will turn the time over to the panelists in that order. Thank you.

MC: Thank you very much Eric, I also want to thank Jim Thebaut for organizing the session and I am very honored to be here to speak. I was born about 35 blocks south of here many years ago and so I grew up across the river there on Long Island and you find that I may lapse back into my New York accent, my wife claims that the closer I get to the east coast or if I’m speaking to someone from the east coast she can’t understand a word I say. So that may actually happen if it does just forget about it. Those of you who know me know I love to collect aphorisms especially about water and I heard one yesterday that has stuck in my brain ever since then and I have been telling people about it. This was said by John Laird who is the Secretary of the California Resource Agency and they are grappling with a number of sticky issues shall I say, and he said, water is the Rubik’s cube of public policy. And when I mention that I think either to Eric or to Ben Grumbles or someone they looked at me and said, well doesn’t that imply that there is a solution. So anyway I will let it. Before I get started, I am going to speak about groundwater I’ve got a shirt I want to show you, Mary Ann dared me to wear this and then do a strip at my age it would take me too long to get it off and anyway, a lot of fading here but I think you can see this on the screen it simply says, Got Water. Ok no big deal the key is on the back though which I think can you read it, well what it says on the back is, it says. Job opening: water carrier. Requirements: must be able to balance 45 pounds of water on your head while trekking rocky roads barefoot for miles. Hours: up to 8 hours per day. Wages: zero dollars or any currency you choose to pay in. Only women and children need apply.

Ok that fits in very well I think with the film, the short that Jim showed and that some people have been talking about. And as far as I’m concerned that’s where it’s at these days. Getting water to people in developing countries is not rocket science it takes political will and money. Now I am

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going to talk about something else that also gets no respect I call it the Rodney Dangerfield of the hydrological cycle and that’s groundwater. Ok, I’ll tell you a story actually does anybody know what day we celebrated this last Tuesday, the 13th. Art Becker is in the audience, Art you must know? Ok, it was protect your groundwater day. Seriously, now a couple days before that of course we remembered the 10th anniversary of 911 and let me tell you a story that illustrates about how groundwater doesn’t get any respect. Several months after that horrible event some federal agencies convened a meeting to talk about emergency water supplies in the event of terrorist attacks and things like that. And at that time I was on the Board of Directors of the National Groundwater Association and Art Becker is here today he is the President of that organization. One of our representatives went to that meeting and when he got the agenda before hand there was no discussion of groundwater supplies on that agenda about in cases of emergency and things like that. Nothing and it is kind of interesting because I realize most of us you don’t see groundwater so it is out of sight out of mind, but there’s actually about 20 to 30 times more, fresh groundwater in the US than there is fresh surface water. And that is pretty much true on a worldwide basis. If you look at the major sources of fresh water in the world, first of all by far the biggest are glaciers and ice caps mainly the Greenland Ice Cap and the Antarctic Ice Cap, but the second most…largest fresh water supply is groundwater, its not lakes and streams, its groundwater and that’s about 30%, glaciers and icecaps 69% and that leaves the round off error as rivers and lakes. And the next time I hear someone say that the great lakes of the US hold 20% of the world’s fresh water supply that’s when I go ballistic that was actually tweeted by a well known federal agency a couple of months ago celebrating the amount of water in the great lakes, so I got back on my twitter account and I set the record straight, annoyed a number of other people.

Jim mentioned about turning on your tap water and how we take that for granted. One of the questions I ask my class each year, every class is do you know where your tap water comes from? And I get the wise ass oh yeah it comes from pipes and that kind of stuff. Most people and I realize a lot of you are water walks like I am and you probably know where your groundwater comes from or your water comes from. I know Pat Mulroy knows where her water comes from. And I know where it comes from too because I use to work in Nevada. But most people don’t like take this water which I just poured out of here and I am assuming this is good quality New York water and not some bottled water poured into the thing. Well anyway ok assuming this is from the New York City water supply this comes about 90% of it comes from the Catskill watersheds the west side of the Hudson the other 10% from the Croton watershed just above Westchester county. And you will say you are suppose to be talking about groundwater what is this stuff, well actually probably about 30% of the water in here came from groundwater because on average in the United States 30% of the stream flow you see got into the stream by seeping in from groundwater. So even if you don’t care about groundwater because I get my water from a lake or a reservoir much of that water has gone through an aquifer and in the process of doing so has been cleaned to a get degree so even if you don’t drink from a well and about 44% of us in the country get our drinking water from a well, either an individual well or a municipal well we rely a lot on groundwater. In fact you may be surprised to know you are probably thinking well you are from the west all you guys have groundwater because your dry. The largest city in the United States that is totally dependant on groundwater is anybody have a guess, ok I’m making a lot of headway here Jim. Memphis Tennessee, 50 inches of rain a year sits on the banks of one of the ten largest rivers in the world, Memphis gets its complete water supply, drinking water, municipal water from the Memphis sand aquifer which is one of the most, the purest water you can get.

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And in fact they pump about 160 to 200 million gallons per day, they pump so much groundwater not only for the 700 thousand residents of Memphis but the 1.1 million people or so who live in Shelby County, which includes Memphis. And in fact they pump so much groundwater the State of Mississippi took them to court, Mississippi which is just south of Memphis was complaining that Memphis was taking some of their groundwater and Memphis say yeah so. And that’s another thing about groundwater when I take groundwater when I pump groundwater if you live next to me or even if you live 10 or 15 or 20 miles away from me I’m probably taking some of your water. Now in the western US as Miss Mulroy eluded to if you take someone’s water you’re going to be looking down in the old days a barrel of a shotgun ok three minutes ok. These days you might be served with a lawsuit. That case went to the Supreme Court they refused to hear it and I understand they are negotiating it.

Now what points am I trying to make here: (1) we have a lot of groundwater in this country but we are also using a lot of groundwater and we are depleting it faster than it is being recharged, I think most of you have heard of the High Plains Aquifer that runs through the Great Plains of the United States from the Dakotas down into Texas and New Mexico, the southern high plains is being depleted rapidly of its groundwater. And that is one of the most productive food and fiber places in the world, America’s breadbasket. Central Valley of California, Southern Central Valley they pump so much groundwater there the land in some areas not uniformly has sunk as much as 30 feet and you may say well how does that happen, well here’s an aquifer I brought this water all the way from the Cascade Mountains ok had to get it through TSA at the Portland Airport ok and this water even though it came from a stream has gone through aquifers and so what happens is here is your groundwater there’s a bucket here I brought this from Oregon too. What happens is when you pump if you pump too much and for a long period of time the aquifer literally compresses just like this sponge so you have to be careful about that. Groundwater is connected to surface water in most cases and so to another take off on Las Vegas slogan, whatever happens in groundwater doesn’t necessarily stay there, if you pollute groundwater it may show up in your streams, if you pollute the streams it may show up in your groundwater. So whether or not your water comes from the Catskill Watersheds, whether it comes from the High Plains Aquifer the Central Valley the Alluvial Basins in the Southwestern United States or New England or something you are plugged into groundwater you may just not know it so we need to give it more respect.

Let me conclude by saying, that I was asked to say well what things would you like to see and these are the things I would like to see: (1) and these don’t necessarily all related to ground water. I would like the United States to recognize it’s a human right to water and sanitation. I would like to see us have a National Water Vision not a plan, water plan is an athma especially where I live, but I would like to see us develop a National Water Vision. I would to see groundwater more fully integrated into planning and management and I would like to see video games. I would like to see educational video games about water and I am sure some people are working on that I know Intel about a year and a half ago had a game that was code named Water Wars and I despise that term and it was essentially based on the second life platform although it was there own platform you pick an avatar you are a water manager you can be Pat Mulroy you can be an attorney, you could be Mary Ann or something and then you try to get either water or negotiate or something like that. I would like to see some brilliant gamer and you would need someone a lot younger than I am come up with something like that you could put it on line children could plan it adults could play it even water managers could play it. So my 25 minutes is

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up, I want to thank you very much for indulging me Eric and thanks you all for being here and as John said earlier, what happens in this room can’t stay here.

MD: Now we have it thank you very much and thanks to Jim for inviting me, thanks for Dr. Webb for introducing us my name is Mary Ann Dickenson I’m with the Alliance for Water Efficiency and you might say, what I’ve never heard of it and its probably because we’re relatively new we’re just starting our fourth year. But it took until four years ago for this country to decide to put together a national non-profit devoted to the concept of water efficiency in the United States and Canada. We have had energy efficiency organizations for 25 or 30 years and it’s just been recently that a water efficiency organization was formed. And why is that you know this is a question that as I go around internationally you know I say with some embarrassment yes I’m here from the United States and I’m here to help you when we are the highest water using nation on a per capita basis in the world. But even in the United States a water rich country by international standards we have pockets and areas of severe shortages. Some are chronic and acute on a constant time basis others are periodic depending upon hydrological conditions but a study that was done now almost 10 years ago in 2003 by the GAO showed that there were at least 36 states in the United States that were suffering from regional or statewide shortages. When I looked at the data I saw that three states hadn’t responded those states were: this was a survey so you know you get survey issues like that, California, Nevada and New Mexico had not responded presumably because they were too busy dealing with the shortages in their states to respond to yet another government survey. So to me that say’s that’s 39 states, 39 states are experiencing some sort of shortage the target date that they had listed in the survey is 2013. And in some of those states that were not listed as shortages they were dealing with some very unusual situations and here I acknowledge the role the groundwater plays because there are rivers and streams in Massachusetts, the Ipswich river is one the Manaposa river is another and they run dry in the summer due to excessive groundwater pumping for backyard irrigation. Now this was not a phenomenon we saw 30 years ago although we are seeing it now and we are seeing it because of the way we are unsustainably using water in the United States. And the irony of this whole thing is that our average American consumer as Jim says just turns on the tap doesn’t really understand where the water is coming from certainly doesn’t have any idea about shortages or their own role in that shortage. East Bay municipal utility district in Oakland once did a sidewalk survey of its customers and asked them how much water they thought they used, and the average answer came back about 25 gallons a day for the whole household. Now that’s orders of magnitude wrong in that particular service area its about 170 gallons per person per day that’s equivalent of 644 liters per person per day that’s a shocking amount of water by international standards. And when the customers were given that number and said no it’s probably more like this they would say oh no, no I don’t use that much water oh but my neighbor does. So we have customers consumers in the United States that don’t realize how much water they are using the thought of getting down to perhaps what they are using in Australia which is 140 liters in some of the communities in Australia the equivalent of 45 gallons per person per day in the US or if they had to get down to the levels that are experienced in Africa and the Middle East to maybe 40 liters per person or 5 gallons. This is not a concept that the American public is accustomed to and we are there in Texas now, we are there in some communities that have run out of water and what we need to grapple with and one of the reasons our organization was formed is we need to help our consumers deal with the non-discretionary uses of water that we are not doing particularly sustainable and outdoor water use is one of them and even some indoor water uses are excessive and we need to help them with that. So that’s one of the points

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that I wanted to make that are even in the US we have shortage issues and we have customers that need to understand this issue, they need to understand the role that climate change plays in those reduced water supplies. So one of the first projects we did with our Australian counterpart is we put together a climate change DVD for the average American consumer.

The second point I wanted to make is that even though we are a high water using nation and we haven’t really focused on water efficiency in the past we have done something that is an international contribution in that we have really focused on standards for plumbing equipment and products and codes for how they are used at the end use location and in green specifications and standards. So when I say all this I’m talking about plumbing codes that have been embedded in national legislation and in local codes and also programs like the US Green Building Council and the lead program that has begun to set some standards for lower water use particularly indoors. And so since the Energy Policy Act was passed in 1992 setting standards for how much you can flush and how much you can shower in terms of flow rate we have been dropping our demand in the United States. Much to the chagrin of water utilities that would like to sell more water in some locations and they haven’t really fully understood that this demand is dropping and it’s dropping for a good reason, a good sustainable reason and they need to just reorient how they are dealing with that reduced demand. And we also need to spend some time analyzing how we are reducing our demand and how we are becoming more sustainable and what the effects are of the green codes that are being enacted. Cal-Green is a code that was enacted in California we need to be spending some time analyzing the benefits of that as its being applied.

The third point I want to make is we need to educate just as we have been talking about all day we need to educate the water utility manager to the benefits of more efficient water use. Because right now they are not motivated to reduce their customers water use if they have that supply in the reservoir now if they are water short of course they need to have their customers be efficient because they need to have that water stretch further. But if they’ve got a lot of water in the reservoir they want to sell it and I just came back from a meeting in Australia in August where with all of the floods and the rains that they’ve had the first time really in 10 years they’ve had any significant moisture, they now want to sell water. Sidney water that had 78 people on their conservation staff laid them all off they’re now 7 people and they are telling their customers to use water, drastic change. How does that happen, how do we have a situation where the efficient response is somehow not a good thing. I think part of it we need to do a better job and that’s one of the reasons we formed our organization. We need to do a better job of explaining what the multiple benefits are of efficiency to the water utility infrastructure system. We need to talk to them about the energy benefit, the reduction of the pumping and the treatment and the huge energy use that goes with that. And we have been working with our energy brethren and putting together a blueprint on water and energy actions and the kinds of things that need to be done in this country to make that happen. We have also built a model at the Alliance for Water Efficiency that estimates the benefits of conservation to the utility system based on not only the demand that’s been reduced and the costs of the program but the actual savings from the deferred infrastructure investment that they no longer might have to make in the future. And that model also estimates the energy reductions and the green house gas emission reductions that will come from water efficiency programs.

So these are the kinds of technical assistance tools that we want to provide to water utility managers to help them understand how efficient water use by their customers is a good thing.

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But we also need to help them to deal with the revenue shortfall issues because they are serious. Water has been largely subsidized in this country for many, many years and those subsidies are gone. We no longer have the massive federal subsidizes to build the infrastructures systems of the past and as they are beginning to need maintenance and falling apart we are in the situation of now having to fund it out of the customer base and if you are customer paying your water bill you want that bill to go down you don’t want it to go up. And you go to your council meetings and you go to your water board meetings and ask for the bills to not go up, now what in life is not going up and the consumer price index is showing that the cost related to water and price increases related to water are rising much higher than any other water utility in this country. And so again we are putting together information to help the water utility manager this is a water pricing primer that we have worked on together with our great lakes partners, so we are very interested in helping the water utility manager through that, because in our opinion water efficiency is always a benefit in our collective lack of structuring that benefit in our rates it does not mean that it isn’t still a long term benefit that we need to address and part of addressing that benefit is explaining how water efficiency can not only help with long term infrastructure needs but also provide jobs we did a report for the transition team in the Obama Administration on how many jobs can come from water efficiency programs but there’s environmental benefit to, water that you don’t excessively withdraw from a system is made available to continue to be there for stream flow purposes. So there are multiple benefits that we need to do a better job research wise quantifying so that we pursue this efficiency agenda and we move forward.

And so one of the issues that I hope for in addition to everything he just said, including the video game I want to do that. Is we need an integrated national policy where water efficiency is considered just as important as energy efficiency, water quality and storm water management. The time has come for the US to really make that commitment and to make that a national priority and it’s a great lead into my next partner Ben Grumbles who will I think make that happen. But I would like to just close with one quick story least you think that all of those unfortunate images from the video are not happening here in the US. They are happening in the US and even in a State like Tennessee where you think of Tennessee’s got a lot of water but there is a community Orem Tennessee 40 miles southwest of Chattanooga that ran out of water in 2008, ran out of water, their town well ran dry and the only way those 144 residents get water is they have to take the town fire truck and go and collect fill the town fire truck and bring it back and put it in their distribution supply system. That gave them 3 hours of running water every day. But the Plumbing Manufacturers Institute and a number of manufacturers decided to go in and make Orem an example so they on a free basis retrofitted every household with the most efficient products that according to the standards that I just mentioned and after all of those houses were retrofitted it took one day that was in November 17th I guess it was 2007. Now the residents had 12 hours of running water that’s the difference that efficiency makes it makes that same water stretch a whole lot further. So that is the message I would like to leave with you I encourage you to come to our website: theallianceforwaterefficiency.org and see the information that we are freely making available to help promote this vision in the US and abroad. Thank you.

BG: So a glass half full is always half empty if it’s only half clean. I’m Ben Grumbles President of Clean Water America Alliance and this is an organization that’s a non-profit educational 501(c)(3) organization that has only been around for a few years. It’s committed to unite people and policy for water sustainability for developing a framework for national water policy to help change the way Americans view, value and manage water. Water is our most

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precious liquid asset, it’s a gift from the heavens but it is not free and easy to protect and preserve for future generations. It takes money, strategy, stewardship we have a wealth of good laws on the books here in the US we’ve got agencies absolutely committed to protecting their piece of the pie. We have organizations and tools and we’ve made great progress over the years on water quality. But that is not enough what we need is to change some of the paradigms to amend and to modify to bring folks together to adopt more sustainable strategies and approaches to water. And education and awareness are truly at the heart of it. Margaret Meade said and Carol Baker likes to say, never underestimate the ability of a small group of informed individuals to change the world, indeed that’s the only way it ever happens. So Clean Water America Alliance which is based in Washington DC is taking the step of creating an extremely broad umbrella of the many different sectors and perspectives on water throughout the United States. Collaborating with our global partners as we do it but to bring together the water, the waste water, the storm water, the energy, agriculture, the transportation components so that we can speak the same language on some key principles and move forward to change that paradigm where water is invisible to invaluable. To change the approach so that instead of relying just on the gray infrastructure systems to bring in more and more green infrastructure natural systems like New York City is doing with its sewer overflows and approach to storm water management and parks and open space and green roofs etc. Water quality though is such an important challenge and its one that continues to grow in so many respects I just want to highlight a few of those in my remaining minutes. And they underscore the need for us to work together and collaborate and at the grassroots level so that citizens and communities as well as regulators and policy leaders know about these important challenges.

One of them is the growing stress that nutrients believe it or not, that nutrients provide nitrogen and phosphorous pollution are such a leading contributor to today’s problems and bays and estuaries and lakes across the country it’s a combination of rapid growth its also a combination of changes in climate, it’s a combination of how we manage our cities, our organization is absolutely focused on urban water sustainability and using green infrastructure systems to reduce the problems with nutrients to recover those resources and put them to good use. But there are also problems with ammonia and other types of loadings that treatment plants provide. One of the biggest problems these days is urban slobber. I’m talking about the storm water problems and citizens have such an important role to play, picking up litter keeping their streets and yards clean, so much of the pollution results from what goes on the streets and on the yards in urban areas and it’s a really important message to planners, and land use managers to try to take the softer paths. To look at permeable pavement and to use green space and Bioswales and keep in mind that when it rains you don’t go to the beach but your litter does. One last thing I just want to mention which on pollutants and that is the growing challenge of pharmaceuticals personal care products in many respects we are an over medicated society and that is an issue that can lead to problems in water, it can lead to risks, kids getting into medicine cabinets, but one of the very important paradigms that we absolutely have to change is this paradigm that people think that the toilet is a trash can. That is not the primary source of pharmaceutical problems and waterways around the country but it is an important one and it engages the public and so through education and outreach, through take back programs of unused pharmaceuticals we can really get out the message help people connect that what they are doing when they are throwing unused drugs down the toilet is they are creating problems for the sewer systems and for streams and for water sheds throughout the country.

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One other important last point I will make is that one of the most important issues of the day and I think the world is watching what is happening in this state in New York and throughout the world and that is fracking. The mantra should not be drill baby drill it should be drill, maybe drill. If we review what the impacts are of hydraulic fracturing for natural gas make sure that we have the science, make sure that safeguards are in place and look at the facts. It is such a critically important issue not just for the groundwater, the aquifers but for the streams and how you manage to produce water, the huge amounts of salts, total dissolved solids, it can be managed, but it presents an enormous opportunity for this country to sift through the range of water quantity and water quality issues to balance growth and protection of watersheds.

And the last point I’ll make is simply this: we are living in very dangerous times in this country we are blessed with largely abundant and clean supplies of water in many watersheds throughout the country but the whole climate these days we’re at, the political climate is that we are at great risk of creating a tragedy where we race to the bottom and we pit environmental protection with jobs and job creation. And so it is extremely important for advocates, for citizens to find balance but to get out the word that you don’t destroy your aquifers, you don’t pollute your streams, you’re at the life blood of the community on the basis that somehow environmental laws are a barrier to jobs. Clean water means jobs, means life it means success for future generations. On behalf of Clean Water America Alliance I want to say, thanks to everybody who is here, reach out to citizens, underscore the importance of water quality, as well as water quantity. Rally to create a new program that we have just launched and support a program the United States Water Prize, the US Water Prize go to our website: www.cwaa.us our organization has launched what we hope someday will become the Nobel Peace Prize for water in the United States, or the Heisman Trophy if you are a football fan. It’s a way to raise awareness and celebrate water champions throughout the country, give them the credit they deserve, thank you very much.

JM: I’m Jeff Mosher I’m with the National Water Research Institute and we are a non-profit in Southern California we are a scientific research and education based organization and one major area of our work over the past couple decades has been recycled water. And Jim asked me to be here today to talk about one particular aspect about that. But first let me just talk about it in general we know it as water reuse or water recycling or water reclamation all essentially mean the same thing. We are taking waste water and we are reusing it for beneficial uses this has particular importance I think for waste water that discharged to the ocean because that fresh waters lost forever or at least until its get back through the hydrologic cycle. So why do we recycle water? Well as we heard about today water is scarce we know water is limited and availability of water is impacted by drought and other factors, we also hear that water is valuable and waste water is also considered valuable as well. So next to conservation water use efficiency, recycled water is one of the ways that we can address water scarcity and reduce our dependence on total water supplies. So it is an integral part of our sustainable future. Now we have made great strides with recycled water but at this point we recycle about 8% of our waste water in the United States so the other 92% represents an untapped source of water supply for us. In Los Angeles as David knows well we send 400 million gallons a day of waste water to the ocean and that’s just one city in the United States. Now in fact we ought to be treating waste water as a resource so there’s three things in waste water that are valuable (1) the water and that’s why you want to recycle it. (2) and Ben alluded to it and that’s nutrients so there’s nitrogen and phosphorus. Now phosphorus is limited on earth and it is essential for agriculture so it makes a lot of sense to start mining it, the phosphorus in waste water. (3) is energy, the organic

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matter that’s in waste water is a huge potential for energy I think we are going to see more there. So the good news is water recycling is growing its becoming a bigger part of our water portfolio and there’s two types of recycled water non potable which involves either recycled water for irrigation industrial use other purposes. And then potable reuse that’s the one I want to talk about some more today. Potable reuse is we take recycled water and reuse it for augmenting our ground water supplies and our surface water supplies. So essentially we are going to be drinking that water so lets be clear this is provocative drinking our waste water is not something that you would consider natural but the benefits are significant, recycled water is considered a new source of water supply in most communities its reliable even during a drought you will have waste water.The water quality we can derive from recycled water is very high quality and we are essentially turning the waste into a resource that a huge positive.

So one of the projects that I want to mention today is the ground water replenishment system and it’s the largest project of this kind of taking waste water recycling it for drinking water. It’s a joint project between two of my member agencies the Orange County Water District and Orange County Sanitation District its been operating since 2008 it was a 480 million dollar investment. It used some of the most advanced treatment technologies we have today include micro filtration, reverse osmosis, advanced oxidation. After treatment it’s stored in the ground water so Michael I know you are happy about that, we take advantage of that resource and then its pumped out by 23 cities within Orange County and used for drinking water. So its produces 70 million gallons a day so if you are out west that equates to 250 acre feet. Probably doesn’t mean much to most people but its 265 thousand cubic meters per day, or 265 million liters per day, or 300 tons of water if you can picture that, but it’s enough water to serve 600 thousand people and that’s frankly just a lot of water, so on an annual basis it produces 23 billion gallons of water. So the biggest accomplishment may not be the advanced treatment, its not the 24 hour monitoring its not all the regulatory approvals or the size of the facility the biggest accomplishment is what Jim wants to talk about and that is how to raise public awareness. So the outreach effort to gain support from this program was significant. You not only had to gain support for the investment 480 million dollars but you had to build support for the idea of potable reuse. And this water came from our sewers so there’s significant public perception that has to be overcome. So you need the support of your entire community, elected officials, business community, environmental community, many, many stakeholders. So what did they do at the groundwater replenishment system that they are able to do this? So the first thing they did as they had a solid reputation within their community. They were considered a trusted source for protecting public health through the water supply and that’s significant they were able to do that. The other thing is they started out early they went out 8 to 10 years in advance of building the project to talk about the idea of using recycled water. They conducted surveys, telephone surveys, written surveys and even understanding of where there public were and based on the information they could design their outreach program to adjust the gaps. They were also able to document the benefits of the program and include those in their messages. They have a speaker’s bureau, a website, they built a demonstration plant that they were able to bring people along to give them tours, they had a children’s water festival that attracted 6,000 students every year and they talked about recycled water and potable reuse. But one of the most important things they did is they identified the leaders in their community they went and gave 1,200 presentations over a number of years and asked for and received 300 letters of support from those organizations in their community. They also had NWRI run an independent advisory panel for the projects we brought in experts from the nation as well as internationally to weigh in from the scientific and technical point of view on the

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project. Now since its been running in 2008 there’s been such interest in this project they have hosted 15,000 visitors visiting the effort. Now this project is one of few, there are others we have new water in Singapore, Singapore has embraced recycled water they have done very well with that. Windhoek Namibia has a project that has been ongoing for years we have projects in El Paso and Scottsdale and there are new projects in Los Angeles which David was instrumental in helping get off the ground. Miami, San Diego there are also a number of small ones.

Ok, so what is the future hold for potable reuse? So recycled water and potable reuse are frankly inevitable they are going to happen. The need is there and the benefits are great. The groundwater replenishment system has been so successful that it’s been expanded from 70 MGD million gallons per day to 100 million gallons per day. So my contention here is that this project can serve as a blueprint for communities looking for the local sources to the water challenges and so I invite you to learn more about the ground water supply system. I do have brochures I can leave out and I have 10 quick slides I think it might be valuable to see the facility. So here’s the entrance way to the groundwater replenishment system. Eric, ok this is just actually a glass of water that came to the treatment process it is very clean it is drinkable and Eric you ended me. Ok this is an overview it a large facility one advantage its right next to the waste water treatment plants so they are able to take the water directly. Eric this is the micro filtration so this is one of the first treatment processes in the process it actually removes bacteria, protozoa, it’s mainly a pre-treatment for the next step but it does do a good job removing particulates. This is the reverse osmosis this is the backbone of the treatment very fine all particles even dissolve particulates such as salt, saline and selenium are removed. This gives you an idea of the scale of the project the last step is ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide which is called advance oxidation. This has an ability to disinfect and oxidize any organic chemical that might get through and here’s an individual changing one of those lamps that’s a UV lamp that is used in the facility. This is the water that comes out of treatment it is very pure, very clean and if you go to the next picture people do even drink the water as it comes out it is so pure. This is the water that’s spread into the groundwater basin, you can look at the color and tell how pure this water is. But the water does go in the ground it does stay there for at least 6 months before it is drawn out. This is the individual advisory panel there are representatives from Singapore, Australia, there’s many nationally known professors, academics that are on the panel as well and this is just the last slide. Thank you.

DN: Ladies and Gentlemen good morning thank you all for being here, my name is David Nahai and I know you are not going to look at our bios so let me tell you just a little bit about myself.. I’m the President of my consulting company, David Nahai Consulting Services which focuses on energy and water issues. I also head a water and energy practice at Lewis, Brisbois Law Firm in LA. I am the former head of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the former chair of the LA Regional Water Board and I’ve also served as Senior Advisor to the Clinton Climate Initiative. I want to start by thanking Jim Thebaut and Jennifer Riley Chetman if she’s here and the entire team for putting this conference together under some very trying circumstances and I think they deserve a round of applause. And thanks also to the sponsors and let me also say what a delight it is for me to share the days with such a distinguished group of panelists and thanks to all of them.

I am mainly going to be talking about Southern California but before I do that I want to step back just a second, Jim and I just authored an article on the global water crisis which appeared both in

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the Los Angeles Daily News and in the Huffington Post. And the reaction that I’ve received to that article just in the last couple of days has been truly astounding. And it reflects I believe the rather lamentably low level of awareness that the American public has about the tragedies that you saw this morning on the video that was shown to us. People will say things like well what do you mean 1½ million children under the age of 5 die of water related diseases every year, about 4,000 every day. What do you mean 900 million people don’t have access to safe drinking water, that about a billion people have no sanitation whatsoever and actually continue to practice open defecation in the year 2011. You talk to many Americans about the fact that we are going to have an additional 3 billion people living on this planet by the year 2050 and they react with incredulity. You add to that a discussion about climate change, about the fact that deserts are going to expand, sea levels are going to rise, precipitation patterns are going to become unpredictable, we are going to have longer and protracted droughts, that the tragedy of Somalia may be something that will play out in other countries. And again they react with a kind of wide eyed surprise. Its truly telling that in this day and age we have presidential candidates in this country that seem to believe that climate change is some kind of giant confidence trick, concocted by the scientific community in order to line the pockets of scientists. This is the kind of level of ignorance that still continues to exist. Fortunately for our water managers, for our water leaders that kind of ignorance is not bliss. And people in the water community as you have heard here this morning in the United States and certainly in California, in Southern California understand that the challenges of climate change are real and that have to be dealt with. The problem is they don’t quite know exactly what the effects are going to be but they take a look around, they see that as of August of this year we have something like 1,400 heat records broken in this country. We have something like 1,700 tornadoes recorded; we have freakish heat waves, 45 miles of square miles of fires in the State of Texas, extraordinary flooding, hurricanes in weird places and all of this happening with a frequency and intensity that is unprecedented. So they know that they have to prepare for a new future and they have to prepare for a new water future for the communities that they serve.

In Southern California this is particularly important to us because we live in a semi-arid region we are heavily dependent on water that comes to the city from hundreds of miles away. You heard Pat Mulroy this morning talk about the Colorado River and the state water project which brings us water from the Sacramento Delta. LA also gets water from the Owens Valley made famous by the Jack Nicholson movie a few years ago which was actually historically inaccurate but dramatically very entertaining. So and all of those water resources for us are under great pressure and we know in LA and in Southern California that those water resources are not going to expand in the future to meet our water needs. Therefore, we have to follow an 8 pronged strategy: first, additional conservation, we’ve done a great job of conserving in Southern California. In LA we’ve added a million people and yet our water consumption has not risen but we can do better. And I’m proud to say that during my tenure we managed to reduce water consumption that was in the city down to standards that haven’t been seen in something like 30 years. Next, infrastructure repair and this was alluded to by one of the earlier speakers we have about 240 thousand water main breaks in the United States every year. About 650 a day, that’s a waste of about 7 million gallons every day a loss of 2.6 billion dollars. We need to deal with our infrastructure issues. Next, building standards we have to mandate new building standards by ordinances in order to make sure that new development incorporates water conservation as a basic integral part of building design. Next, waste water recycling and Jeff did a masterful job of talking about the benefits of waste water recycling both for non-potable and for potable use. By

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the way I visited that facility I have drunk the water and I’m still here to tell you about it. Rainfall capture, very important for us in Los Angeles we’ve laid down so much impervious surface with our streets, our roofs, our parking lots, our freeways that about 60% of the little rain fall that we get is completely wasted. It enters a very elaborate storm drain system washes straight out to the ocean and in the bargain it contaminates the ocean. This is what Mr. Grumbles was talking about, its both the water quantity and a water quality problem. Moving on aquifer remediation which Mr. Campana was talking about in LA about 10% of our water comes from an aquifer in the San Fernando Valley. The shame is that it’s contaminated. It’s contaminated because of the thoughtless legacy pollution at a time that people didn’t know any better or didn’t care. So we have volatile organic compounds and we have to clean up that aquifer we have to save that resource because really it’s the one indigenous resource that we have in LA and I can promise you Mr. Campana we treat it with a great deal of respect. Next issue is agricultural innovations about 70 to 80% of the water used in California is used for agriculture and we are very thankful to the agricultural community for providing us with our fruits our vegetables and so on. However, agriculture can do a great deal more by capturing, cleaning, and reusing agricultural runoffs. And many improvements can be made by adopting modern irrigation techniques which use a great deal less water. Final, one of the strategies is underground storage as we look to the future, as we see climate change take hold we have to expect that we are going to have years where we’ll have a great deal of snow and rainfall followed by years of drought. So we must save in the years of the plenty for use in the lean years it’s a rather biblical concept when you think about it and we can do that with underground storage, there are plenty of opportunities to do that, we don’t need to build above ground dams and so on in order to accomplish that particular objective. All of this takes money, yes we have to pressure the federal government I believe we can still do that to devote more money to water uses of the 787 billion dollars that took to form the stimulus package. I think only about 7 billion was for drinking water and for sanitation we can do better than that. On the State level we have to have State bonds and have to have our politicians stand up and have the courage and the vision to lead rather than continually look to the polls and wonder about the next time whether they are going to get elected or not. On the local level we have to have an intelligent and complete and honest discussion about the true value of water, about the fact that this is an investment that it will create jobs that it will provide a better future for our children. And I will leave you just by paraphrasing Einstein we are not going to solve our problems using the same kind of thinking we did when we created them in the first place. Thank you very much.

EW: I would like to thank all of our panelists please join me in giving them a round of applause. In order to adjust our schedule appropriately we are going to have less time for question and answer than we had originally anticipated. But I would like to allow a one or two questions from the audience if you have a question, I’m not sure if the microphones are working from the podium please use your microphone in the front.

Audience Question: Thank you very much for your presentation the first thing I would like to ask the panel is this fracking problem is very dangerous, there are thousands of people that have died from it, and Vice President Dick Cheney is not going to stop, and to say that it can be controlled is just, I’m bewildered. The second thing that I’m concerned about is the oil spill by BP. The country, the United States has not, I mean many Americans in the United States especially have not been fully informed about the impact which is very long term. I saw a documentary that was made by some students from MIT and University of California that also

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talked about Mexico’s oil spill I mean how Mexico was affected by BP which we have never been told. And I am wondering if you know anything about where the effects that it has now and what’s going to happen in the future in terms of BP’s oil spill? Thank you.

EW: Do any members of the panel want to talk either about these specific or generalized threats to water quality.

Response to Question: I will you know on fracking and then on the oil spills that saying an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure and a couple hundred miles of boon is one that resonates. It’s very important to plan to analyze what the impacts will be both in the context of drilling for oil but also for natural gas. And I don’t think it’s a simple yes or no answer, the key is to significantly improve the analysis, the life cycle analysis with a much greater focus on water. The water footprint, the impact and that can mean perhaps in some areas the science and the political and the public support will allow for some drilling and hydraulic fracturing for natural gas to go forward. And that is a very important topic that the scientists and the politicians continue to debate and there are ways to significantly improve the science and the safeguards and the understanding about methane. And the impacts on potential aquifers in seismic zones and provide for safeguards. But to not as in the past under estimate the value of water because you cannot drink gas or money, you can drink water and that’s a very important issue and it requires more work from all perspectives, environmental, scientific and business. And then on the oil spill front I think one of the most important areas for greater research and investment, its not just in the technology of spill prevention and blow out preventor technologies to avoid those worse case scenarios its to understand the full impact to natural resources. And that has been occurring the science has been developing for decades on that its very important to continue to develop. It takes money to track the impacts, the injuries to be able to quantify those and to serve as a strong deterrent to imprudent practices in the first place. So natural resource damages as well as economic damages are critically important so that people know up front there can be a real cost economically and environmentally to drilling activities.

Response to Question: I’ll add a comment to that. I think what’s happening with fracking is a good example of what occurs when a new concept is allowed to gallop forward without any kind of regulation or proper oversight. And the damage that’s been done as a result is already widespread and needs to be put in check. And my advice to the fracking industry would be to stop circling the wagons, and start to have a positive impact on how it is that this practice can be saved by dealing with the environmental consequences that emanate from it. So far from what I have been able to see and I just had a presentation on this last week, the industry itself is not responding in that kind of way which means that regulations may have to be imposed in order to ameliorate the negative impacts of this. Now one result is going to be that all of us won’t be able to buy that gas as cheaply because all of the environmental protections that need to be put in place will necessarily drive up the cost. But for us to pay a little bit more for the gas is going to be a lot better than for us to have to remediate environmental calamities all over the place and we also I hope learned the lesson that it is not good policy to privatize profits and socialize losses.

Response to Question: I would just I agree with what Ben and David said I would just add that Montana and Wyoming now have some regulations in affect requiring disclosure of what’s in the fracking chemicals and I think you are going to see more of that in the States that are going to be impacted by that.

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Response to Question: Just quickly to follow up on your question regarding the gulf spill there is a tremendous interest by the research community to understand the impact there. The issue is its going to take time it is going to be years before they will work through their research analyze their data and publish research so I think we need to be patient but there’s a tremendous number of people who are working on understanding what those impacts are.

EW: I want to thank our panelist I am sorry that we don’t have more time for questions but we need to take a break at this point in order to move to our next panel. Please join me in thanking this set of panelists. I am going to ask the next set of panelists to come forward we will take a ten minute break while we do this transition.

Session 2: Global Water Issues

EW: Again it’s my privilege to be the moderator for the second panel session. Today’s panel session the second session now turns to the issues of the global water situation. We have added to our agenda and we are very grateful for his participation Mr. Christian Holmes. Mr. Holmes has the important current responsibility as the US AID Global Water Coordinator. This is a position that was created and he is the first person to fill this role. It was created in February of 2011. This particular position among other responsibilities is the coordinator for implementation in USAID of the Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act. Mr. Holmes has impressive credentials in an array of agencies that include within the US Trade and Development Agency. He had at one point responsibility for the Mariel Boatlift which moved 200,000 refuges from Cuba and Haiti to the United States. He has served as the principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for refuge programs. As the acting director of the USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, he also served in the Environmental Protection Agency in one of the, in the third highest ranking position where he was the Chief Financial Officer and the Assistant Administrator for Administration and Resource Management. He’s been a Foreign Service Officer for USAID and is a recognized and honored US Veteran. I would like to turn some time over to Mr. Holmes for some introductory remarks after which we will begin our panel session. Thank you.

CH: It’s a privilege to be here today and I know many of my colleagues on the panel and it’s just great to be with people of tremendous competence and commitment and I think it’s been a core message that we’ve heard all morning to me at least. And that’s been one we have to do more, and we have to do more soon to meet the needs of millions and millions of people around the world for water and sanitation. But secondly there’s an approach which people seem to be coming back to constantly and the approach is one of systems, an approach based on interconnectedness. Everybody in this room is part of a system we are all connected in one way or another and we are all touching solutions to the water problem in varying degrees. And I would like to elaborate on that a little bit. There’s one qualification regarding my background if any of my Cuban American friends are here in this room. I was not the one who was responsible for bringing the 200,000 Cubans and Haitians to the United States. Rather when they arrived here I worked on that very severe problem but in many ways it was a harbinger of things to come because it dealt with the mass migrations of people. In that case it wasn’t due to water it was due to other driving factors but if you look ahead and you look at water, we have to think of many outcomes and many eventualities and one of course is tremendous political disruption and social disruption and the migration of people being only one of those.

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What I thought I would do in today’s meeting and conversation with you is that I was asked to talk a little bit about the challenges we face globally and we’ve already discussed much of that. I was also asked to talk briefly about what the US government is doing as it relates to water and I will do that. And I was also asked to provide some thoughts about well how do we educate and how do we increase awareness. That is a huge and a complicated task to say the least. Let me launch into that if I might. So in terms of the challenge we face I see it in two fold: one is to understand the needs that are out there, and secondly is to develop responses and I think another aspect to the challenge is how do we really continue to affect a high degree of interconnectedness and how does the world understand not just the problem that exists that relates to water but also understand what is being done right now. There is an extraordinary story it is the story of water of which we are all part here. We heard so many interesting aspects of it today but it is so hard to get that story out, and I think that’s one of the major objectives and achievements that’s going to come out of this conference. To begin with an antidote, I was struck last week by a news story and it was a story about many of your probably saw it. It was a story about a motorcyclist that was run over by a car and out of curiosity how many people saw that news story? Ok good and in the story the car was exploding into flames the motorcycle was exploding into flames, the motorcyclist was trapped under the car, and one man walked up put his back up to the car squatted down and tried to lift up the entire car and he couldn’t and then a group of people started mingling over towards him, came over more quickly and they all got behind the car, they lifted the car up by hand, just enough so another person could take that person out. And I was struck by the story and I was struck by it in a couple of ways. I had obviously this presentation on my mind, I was impressed by the courage of the people there, I was impressed by one leader, other people following that one leader, people coming together. The fact that, it was all over the national and probably global news and I was thinking to myself analogously that’s what we do in the water area. There are people in this room who exhibit similar courage every single day of the week whether it’s in Mali or whether it’s in Djibouti or Kenya, or Somalia other countries Ethiopia. There are large groups of people who have banned together to match that courage and to address water needs. It is inspiring but how often do you hear that story? And secondly how often is that good work spread out to such an extent that it inspires others and I think that’s an inherent challenge we face here. Before going further let me just drop a little bit into what is going on in the US Government. As Eric has pointed out I’m now serving as the first coordinator AID’s had as it relates to water. My position is in many ways an outgrowth of the Water for the Poor Act. The fact that both the Water for the Poor Act and the pending Water for the World Act are asking for designated point of leadership within the Agency for International Development and AID and that’s my role. And I do want to stress today that when I’m talking to you I’m talking to you as an employee of AID and on behalf of AID and its in many ways respective of AID that I offer to share.

In terms of the approach that we are talking to this horrific challenge that has been discussed already this morning I thought David Nahai if he is still here, there he is, did a great job on handling the first half of my speech, thank you very much. I will do that to you next time. But he really encapsulated it superbly. That basically what we are trying to do is take a systems approach to meeting these critical needs. We are not trying to approach this still pipe where one program does something, another program does something, another program does something rather we’re looking for the interrelationships. So while we are tightly focused on providing water assistance, supply, water supply, sanitation hygiene, on improving water resources management such activities as strengthening watersheds. A number of people have talked about this morning

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so if there’s a sustainable supply of water and at the same time so these watersheds have a positive impact on the climate. We are also focused on enhancing water productivity looking at those strong linkages between increased water productivity and efficiency and increased water production. And we are also looking at the role that water plays as it relates to conflict. At the same time we are prioritizing, we are focused tightly on the roles which building up capacity plays in achieving our objectives, and the roles of science and technology, the role of partnership, the role of enhancing and empowering women in the overall role of economic development. And so when you bring this all together we come to budget and we’ve discussed that a little bit today and the way in which we have been focusing is we have been setting kind of overarching priorities against that area where we are looking and developing initiatives as it relates to food security, as it relates to global climate change, as it relates to global health. And water fits into all of that. Now we don’t see water as a stand alone initiative but rather we see water as something that relates to all three of these and they are mutually interactive at the same time.

We see results we believe we estimate that since 2003 in keeping with the emphasis that has come from the Water for the Poor Act that we have probably provided for the first time and improved access to water to some 50 million people and the same in the area of sanitation to probably another 39 million people. But that’s not 100 million people and that’s not all the people that are out there when you think in terms of a billion people as been noted earlier before that are without access to clean water and another 2.5 billion people who are without access to sanitation and a great majority of those who find themselves defecating in the open. And then of course there is the tragic loss of life and there is the ripple effect you know to all of this. It’s not just those statistics it’s what happens to other diseases that are exasperated by inadequate supplies of water and sanitation. And what happens to the children who if they experience bouts of severe diarrhea lets say six bouts by the time they are the age of two, there chances of facing physical and mental studding as a result of that. What a horrific way to go through your life to have known that in the first two years of your life you were not able to keep your nutrients in due to severe diarrhea and you faced this problem of being stunted even mentally or physically or both.

So we have a plan, we have important statutes such as The Water for the Poor Act to protect us and we have programs we have water programs in 68 countries around the world and what’s interesting again when I was listening to David talking about his 8 points. I was kind of cross checking in my mind what we were doing against what you were doing and it’s all connected. We talk about doing underground water storage for example we’ve had programs in Jordan that have been rehabbing cisterns that were built during the roman times. They’re still being used then and they are being used now. We talked about a debt and bonds and courage related to that the AID has an impressive loan guarantee program that serves to leverage such activities as bond financing which we with the Japanese for example right now in Manila have supported the efforts of a water treatment entity to expand its services to the urban poor through this bond financing. We look at innovative ways in which to support the private sector through the water programs. In Cambodia, we are supporting the efforts of private entrepreneurs who are developing ceramic water filters using indigenous materials to take care of really dangerous pollutants and process those out but at the same time build up businesses where they are able to sell these ceramics in order to make a profit and to generate employment. So we are very busy and I’m going to provide more detail I have a speech which I have prepared but since nobody else read their speech I’m not going to read my speech but it will be on the website and you can take a look at it for more of the facts. But let me turn to you what seems to be the spear the tip of the spear of

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this conference which is this question of education and awareness and sustainability. You know I often find that the roots to understanding and understanding are words and the roots to our words. So you look at the word education and what does that mean? And I look back at the roots the Latin roots to the word which is x for out of and duco for lead and it means we are leading out of we are leading something out of something and what are we doing here in terms of our education efforts. We are trying to in my judgment we are trying to lead people out of the lack of understanding to what’s happening as it relates to water and how deeply connected we are to it. Ok and we hear these words of sustainability and what does that mean? Well when you look at what it really means in terms of the literal sense of the word means to keep going and that is the other effort I believe we are doing is we are trying to keep this planet going in a fashion that its extraordinary resources are both strengthened and available to future generations and we are trying to keep people going in the same fashion. I’ve just gotten the hook over here. So let me kind of go to some thoughts about awareness and I’ve shared these thoughts with a lot of my colleagues at State and a lot of my colleagues at AID. So it seems to me that the awareness challenge of course is a little bit like the Rubik cube analogy that was used earlier by our friend from Oregon University. But I think there are four steps I would stay particularly focused on, the first one is: what’s the message that we want to convey? What is the core message that we want to convey? I think its centers deeply around how tightly connected we are, I think that the message has to deal with the fact that the shortage of water has the potential to cause us all to suffer. That water shortage’s exacerbate conflict, it destabilizes both countries and regions, the water shortage is in peril the shortages of food which leads not only to malnutrition and starvation but also severely impacts commerce, employment in local and national, international economies. I think the message of interconnectedness also have to stress that water shortages pose a particular threat to women who drop out of schools to help their families in the search of water and in the developing world as women and girls enter into that search they face the threats of physical assault and rape and death in that process. And I think that basically the message has to come home constantly is how does global water shortage relate to individuals in cities and towns around the country. I think the second step is to unleash the power of systems and partnerships you know all we exist in a system the trick is to understand where we are in that system how we interconnect and how each of us think. And I think that the power of partnerships is becoming increasingly important. One in a down economy how do you leverage scarce funds and I think you do it through partnerships. Two, the creation of thought and the implementation of thought and my judgment and that of many is best achieved through effective partnerships. I have found and I am sure most of you have found in life that most problems are polyhedral you really can’t see all edges of the problem without the assistance of others. And we have been experimenting with a number of partnerships that have been very successful over time and developed them beyond the experimentation stage to be highly effective. There are many people in this room with whom we’ve partnered and have really set new standards for excellence. You know WaterAid for example is on this panel with me, Millennium Water Alliance is in the audience, it’s just an impressive group of people and they’ve provided critical services and we are looking to now different kinds of partnerships too, partnerships that are target on asking very hard questions that relate to unknown knowledge or relate to knowledge that use to be refined and then how to apply it. In that regard we are in collaboration with the Gates Foundation on something called Wash for Life and in the Wash for Life Program we basically are soliciting applications from the public regarding in their judgment major problems yet to be fully understood and accompanying solutions. I think the third step is in this approach to outreach is to really understand evaluate and implement what works. You know you really, you really can’t ultimately

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succeed if you just keep repeating programs which are only marginally effective and you really can’t succeed unless you are honest with one another, we are about what works and what doesn’t work. So we have taken a new approach to evaluation to date so for the first time we are publishing all of our evaluation reports on the web. You can see them and we are going to digest them and they are going to be right out there for everybody to see so that we can have an open discussion on that subject of what works and does not. And then finally, if you look ahead I think that the power of information systems becomes unbelievably critical, and I’m talking about information systems and particularly those who deal with remote sensing and land based data gathering. When you consider the tragedy of the present famine on the horn of Africa it would have been far worse were not the successful application of an information system known as the USAID Famine Early Warning System network. And that was applied and it was applied early on that data was shared with donors so it enabled them to preposition the data was shared with individual households so they could make decisions, for example on whether it was time now to sell some of their livestock so that they had the funds to be able to meet their livelihood and also sustain their remaining livestock. And I think that the capacity that we have in science and technology to anticipate to see around the corner is impressive and critical and in those information systems lies in my mind a huge message in terms of outreach. So those are some thoughts it’s been a privilege to have a chance to chat with you. I apologize for going over my time but it’s a big subject. Thank you.

EW: At this point it’s my privilege to introduce the other participants in our panel. Ambassador Archondo was unable to join us and so he will not be here to make his remarks but we will proceed with the other panelists, let me introduce them. Our next presenter will be Dr. Katherine Bliss who currently serves as a Senior Fellow and Director of the Project on Global Water Policy at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Following Dr. Bliss will be Dr. Upmanu Lall who is the Alan and Carol Silberstein Professor of Engineering, the Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering and also the Department of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, the Director of the Columbia Water Center at Columbia University. Following Dr. Lall will be Dr. Jean-Claude Seropian the Director of the Leone, I’m sorry my French is not good, Lyonnaise des Eaux, Haiti in from Haiti. Following him will be Dr. David Winder the CEO of WaterAid in America. Let me turn the time then over to Dr. Bliss.

KB: Thank you. I should start out by advertising that even though I currently work in the policy analysis arena I am a historian by background so my initial remarks probably reflect the long ingrained training of having to understand where we were, where we are and where we are trying to go. But as you know probably if not in this room in this complex in 2000 world leaders came together at the Millennium Summit in New York to ratify the Millennium Declaration and articulate a series of global commitments on raising living standards for the world’s poorest and most vulnerable populations over the next decade and a half. The next year the UN released the Millennium Development Goals or MDG’s. Goal 7 is to insure environmental sustainability and recognizing the close links among water, sanitation, development and well being. Goal 7 has among its targets the commitment to cut in half the proportion of people without access to an improved water source. And the proportion of people without access to improved sanitation facilities by 2015. Now a year ago leaders came together in New York again to report on progress in meeting the MDG’s and as most of you know the progress has been mixed. Chris referred to some of the numbers that were released in the WHO and Unicef update that year. It’s been good in some regions at least in some ways such as Latin America but lagging certainly in

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parts of Asia and Sub-Sahara and Africa. Now while the MDG’s are of themselves a tool for advocacy and advocacy around development issues several activities have also been launched to encourage progress in enhancing population access to improved drinking water and sanitation sources. Let me just touch on a few of these.

The first has to do with legal and human rights arena. In the summer of 2010 the general assembly of the UN recognized safe and clean water and sanitation as a human right, essential to the full enjoyment of life and all other human rights. Later in the fall of 2010 I’m still following my chronology issues here the UN human rights council affirmed this position with resolution 722 with emphasized that international human rights law instruments including the international covenants on economic, social and cultural rights, the convention on the elimination of forms of discrimination against women or seta and the convention on the rights of the child all entail obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation. On the financial side UN water and the world health organization have developed the Global Annual Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking Water Report, the Glass Report which focuses on targeting resources for better results. With respect to technical innovations we’ve heard about a number of different innovations this morning but these are you know there are a number of different groups really working to try to bring water and sanitation services in an innovative way to the populations that need them the most. And earlier this year the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for example announced it Reinventing the Toilet Campaign which seeks to leverage advances in science and technology to create a new toilet to transform waste into energy, clean water and nutrients. And then certainly on the political side not to leave that out, in 2010 governments from developed and developing countries in partnership with multi-lateral agencies and civil society groups launched the Sanitation and Water For All, which is the global partnership to encourage the political prioritization of water instruments to promote decision making and action. Now legal, financial and technical improvements and political will are certainly and absolutely essential part of the calculus when it comes to meeting the Millennium Development Goals and moving beyond them. But since we are here today to talk about water and education what I want to concentrate on is the issue of human resources. Now the International Water Association or IWA in cooperation with the UK Department For International Development or DFID has been carrying out a study focusing on human resources gaps and asking if such regions such as Sub-Sahara in Africa and Asia have the skilled workers that they need to achieve the MDG targets in those regions. Now I’ve heard about the first phase of this study I don’t know where things are in the next phase but at least in the first phase this was focused on five case studies, South Africa, Zambia, Bangladesh and Mali and at least in phase one the study focused on country resources with respect to four broad categories of water professionals, Engineers, Associated Professionals such as Hydrologists and Sanitation Promoters, Technicians and semi-skilled workers and artisans. And the IWA researchers at least in this first phase discovered that there were several key reasons to explain a dearth of personnel in the field in the water sector, generally in those countries but that there were key issues that stood out. And these were essentially two, one was that people aren’t getting the education and skills that they need to enter the sector. And the second, that education around water sector skills is relatively poor due to insufficient monitoring of students outdated curriculum and a low level of the quality of teaching within that area. And they noted that in many cases this leads to a reliance on foreign sector expertise NGO’s and volunteers something that is essentially unsustainable in the long run. Ultimately they made several recommendations: 1. Improve the collection of data around human resources in the water sector; 2. Develop comprehensive HR capabilities to manage the recruitment of personnel

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at all levels in the water sector field; 3. Extend primary, secondary and tertiary education to focus on water, sanitation and hygiene; 4. To scale up and speed up the training for professionals in the water sector, and 5. to improve on the job training schemes to enhance life long learning and retention of workers. Now in the time that remains I want to discuss what we’re calling the University Wash Consortium or University Consortium on Water Sanitation and Hygiene which is an effort on the part of US based universities to contribute to resolving some of the human resource challenges in developing countries. Now the Consortium was launched in or around November of 2009 by a small group of university facility from private institutions, land grant institutions and other public institutions of higher education in the US. And so CSIS based in Washington serves as a neutral non-university kind of secretariat or coordinating mechanism. There was a sense among this group that got together that there were lots of US university based researchers doing a lot of work on international Wash issues but very little communication or coordination among themselves and there were a lot of different reasons for this. One is that people who work on Wash and the research and teaching sit in different disciplines or fields, public health, engineering, hydrology even law and business in many cases. They work in different schools or faculties which may not even on the same campus facilitate that kind of communication. They attend different professional meetings, publish in different professional journals, and perhaps compete for grant funding which may impede communication in some ways or at least not encourage it. As the group got together and began to elaborate a vision for action they identified four principle areas of university or US university contribution to the international Wash agenda. This included carrying out research on Wash challenges in developing countries, providing training and building the capacity both of US students as well as students abroad to research global Wash challenges. Developing objective measures to assist governments and assistance agencies in setting priorities and assessing outcomes of programs and contributing to the development and refinement of tools for monitoring and evaluating project progress and sustainability. Ultimately, group determined that they wanted to share more information among themselves and develop a comprehensive program to support partnerships with international universities, especially in Sub-Sahara Africa and to respond to a coordinated way to the international water and sanitation goals.

Now early in March of 2010 we held a briefing on Capitol Hill to launch the consortium and refine goals in the agenda and then we also at the same time began refining or carrying out and refining a survey to identify where US based Wash professionals in the university sector are working internationally. In October of 2010 last year we held a session at the University of North Carolina Water Institute to recruit with more participants those university faculty and researchers who are also working in the international Wash arena and also to gather more information with the aim of creating an interactive database with geographically referenced data to show where US academics are working with international partners and with whom. Then in November of 2010 a session coordinated by the Department of State last year at African Water Week in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, we participated in a session to seek input from African academics about needs and wants with respect to this broader question of human resources development and education. Soon within the next month we hope to have a meeting with representatives of the African Ministers Council on Water to solicit their advise and guidance regarding what the greatest needs are to develop a comprehensive program that addresses the most acute needs in a practical manner and creates partnerships between a broader set of partnerships kind of moving beyond the individual links that exist between individual researchers to create sustainable partnerships for broader education.

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We will next enter a phase of developing pilot projects with the aim or working over a three to five year period to build this up. And so I would just end by stressing that the ultimate goal of this University Wash Consortium is to contribute to the broader MDG challenges and to the broader and to helping to resolve in particular the dearth of human resources in some of the areas that need it most by creating sustainable partnerships between US and sub-Sahara African Universities and ultimately other universities around the world that transcend personalities or institutions and create opportunities for enhanced exchange, education and sustainable contribution to the Global Wash Agenda. Thank you.

UL: First of all I would like to thank Jim who organized this and inviting me to talk here. I’ve been listening carefully to the talks so far and I wanted to start by saying that originally I wanted to start like David Nahai and tell you a little bit about our center and why it was set up in 2008 but I think I’m going to start by reacting more to what I’ve heard. One of the things I want to start with is that a standard problem in computer science is that if there is a room in which many people are talking, how do you come up with an algorithm so that you can identify each unique speaker and what they have said? And the reason I start with that example is that the story of water in the way that we are discussing it here is one of many, many voices not a single voice it is many, many problems and as a result it a convoluted story not able to make progress on any one of the elements because of the lack of distinction between these stories. With that in mind I think what I am going to do is instead of trying to synthesize all the different threads into one and add to the convolution problem pick one issue which has not been highlighted to a degree which I think is important so far. And that is an issue of sustainability but from a perspective which looks backwards like an historian and forwards and I’m going to do this in the 10 minutes that I have through a story rather than tying to reach on various things. The issue is one which relates poverty so I’m glad to see here people who are concerned about that, it relates to food and it relates to energy and it relates to water. And it’s global and the sense in which this comes out is that if you look at the largest quantity of use of water it goes towards agriculture globally. The poorer the nation or the community the higher the percentage of water that goes towards that, some of the stories we have learned as in our group we have worked across the world is that when you see the pictures of the women and children carrying water on their heads often not as far away there is someone extracting ground water and putting it to agriculture use but that is not domestic water somehow. Even though many times it’s of much higher quality so this is interesting because what it suggests is that the economic value of water sometimes is actually valued very highly especially as the product comes out not necessarily in terms of willingness to pay. This is an interesting sort of dichotomy because if you come up with looking at a principle such as the human right to water, I think that human right to water should also say that, that does not preclude you from having to pay for that right in terms of use, unless we do that the story that I’m going to tell you suggests that we are in big trouble. Ok so the story works like this: it’s in the water, energy, food, economics framework and it starts with me being a 10 year old living in India when the major famine of the 20th Century took place. My recollection of that is spending day after day in lines looking for food all at government ration shops. And not getting it and then every morning you lined up again. That situation doesn’t happen in a country like India today remarkably there’s been a transition but remarkably that transition is now in danger. It’s in danger in India its in danger in Pakistan, it’s in danger in China and other places the responses are different in each place. What is happening in India today is that there’s a relatively small part of the country that participated in the green revolution. The green revolution was sustained in this place through extraction of water through extraction of groundwater. That groundwater now is

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dropping rapidly. The efficiency of water use is negligible in part this is because the government provided electricity as soon as everybody was electrified they were able to extract groundwater normally this is a feedback process where as you go deeper with the groundwater the cost of extraction increases and you have a signal to stop. In this case because in years of democracy the populous government decided water should be free, mainly electricity should be free. So we now have a situation where the productivity is decreasing, the rate of extraction of groundwater is increasing, there are three to four crops a year planted by farmers because you need food. The population of the country when I was a kid was 400 million. Today it 1.2 billion you have to feed these people so one crop goes to three crops simple math. So what do we see in the future? Where does the food for this country come from? The efficiency of water application in agriculture is low the global average water that goes towards agriculture is 70% in India its 90%. The efficiency of water use is 10 to 15% if I can bump that from 10 to 20, that’s all I’m asking for, that’s as much water as all of the sectors use. Ok remarkably it turns out that because of the free electricity use, the reliability of the electric system degrades. Which means if you are in industry you are putting up your own diesel generator which means you are paying .30 to .35 cents a kilowatt hour in stead of .5 to .10 a kilowatt hour which means you are not getting economic development. This is one part of the story the other part of the story goes to a state in India. Here the groundwater levels are dropping 3 to 6 meters a year they are not growing food they are growing cash crops. So this is purely forced economic sustenance of a large amount of the population that is in that sector, 3 to 6 feet a year in groundwater drop. They are pumping from 200 meters now depth what this maps into is that the cost of generating electricity that is given as pumping free is two times the income the farmer derives from it you might also just give this person cash. So the water story with food agriculture and poverty takes remarkable turns. This is the dimension of the story in India they do not currently have a strategy for how they are going to deal with it. They’re finally waking up to the fact that systematic use of water needs to be brought under control they don’t know how much water is being used because none of it is metered. Ok so this is an important thing they don’t know how much water is there because they don’t have a systematic way of doing the mass balance. They are not charging for it so these are I think macro-level problems that have to be brought into play and solved. What is China doing? China has gone through a somewhat similar trajectory. They are doing two things: one is to divert a huge amount of the water from the south to the north, not for agriculture but for drinking purposes. The north is water short they are solving that problem by undertaking agriculture in Africa and in South America. So we have taken something which is full security and emphasized that in India, emphasized that in China historically and now what we are saying is we can not achieve food security, we can not achieve energy security, so we are going to exhaust some of these factors. The planet is finite so this is not going to work in the long run. The good part of the story is that it is actually possible to increase water use efficiency in these sectors and achieve quite a bit. We’ve worked in many of these places and we have found that very cheap devices. That were minted in the 1930’s if you degrade them not upgrade them, if you degrade them so that you can make them for $5 to $7 translate into a behavior change and how water is applied without changing anything else. That leads to 25% to 30% savings in water application in rice, which is one of the major users. What we were advised by most agricultural colleagues in the United States and elsewhere was the main way to solve these kinds of problems is go for technology solutions such as drip, which are very expensive but no other option. In spite of major efforts by a government agency to subsidize these things so our systems are broken at many levels I use to think that the education enterprise needs to go from experts to individuals who were the ultimate end users. I have come to the belief that we first need to start educating the

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people who are experts about the dimensions of the problems both at the National and Planetary scale so they have that view in mind and down to the farmer level and the individual user. We are not doing that, the picture is actually very rosy. I think on the technology side we will see in the next decade or so significant innovations that are not fossil energy intensive and will translate into dramatic changes in treatment capability, desalination among them, using solar technology so that becomes something which is viable without have the carbon tax attached to it. We will see food production technologies which are going to be synthetic which will be 1,000 times more efficient in terms of delivering carbohydrates and proteins. So on the technology side, I think life looks very rosy on the implementation side and in terms of how people think about these problems and prioritize them I think we still have a long way to go. I will stop at that. Thank you.

JS: Good morning I would like to start by thanking you all of you because even with 25 years of professional experience I learned a lot since I am listening to what has been presented since this morning. Then I would like to apologize for three reasons the first one is that I don’t have the east coast accent as we said earlier. Then I will present to you a field experience going on and, third point is I’m coming from the private water industry and I believe that there is no war between the private, the public and the NGO’s and we must work altogether.

So I will start by talking to you about what we doing in Haiti where we start trying to rebuild, rehabilitate whatever you want. The water sector after the earthquake, if I can have the first slide please, in this first slide I want to talk about Haiti a little bit to give you some specific data. Haiti is a small country it shared the island of Espanola with the Dominican Republic and it is almost 28,000 square kilometers with 10 million inhabitants. The area of Port-au-Prince the capital is 3.5 million inhabitants, 1.5 of them are living in what we call politically low income areas. And since January 2010 we have 600 thousand people living in camps they don’t have water, they don’t have sanitation, they don’t have anything roads, schools. In 2011, January 2011 Haiti start a program of reorganization of the water sector, they create a water authority called DINEPA and DINEPA has a role of investor and regulator. DINEPA managed four operators, regional operator and each regional operator is responsible of what we call city operators in the big cities and the big towns of the country. The major sector is the one of Port-au-Prince as you can guess. From where Port-au-Prince gets it water, the water comes from 18 springs natural springs and 17 wells so they are pumping in the groundwater as we mention. The natural springs are not protected at all so you can imagine all the camps living and developing around these natural springs, the estimated flow just to give you a figure and this will bring us to a figure that has been we talked about this morning is 150,000 cubic meter per day comparatively to 3.5 million inhabitants. We are far away of the 100 gallons per capita that you were talking about this morning.

That is why there is very strict rationing program every day people even if they are in a house and not in a camp they receive water two times three hours per week, six hours per week and a shift of two times. And to be complete the low income areas are supplied in water by public fountains that are managed by local committees under the control of the DINEPA and there is no sewage, no sewage system in Haiti so could you imagine 3.5 million inhabitants with no sewage system. There is some drainage for storm water and all these drainage canals are blocked by solid waste. If I can have second slide just some pictures I took myself a few weeks ago to show you how it is now so you can imagine how this population in such an environment is not living in a highly comfortable environment and on the top of this since October 2010 there is a cholera epidemic that has been developed we have more 5,000 people died since this time and its going on it’s not

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done. Finally, there is a finance problem the budget of the City of Port-au-Prince should be around 20 million dollars per year, the available is 4 million so they are looking for the 16 million to reach the objectives. And from this point we have the government tried to get fundings from the Spanish government and from the inter-American development bank to finance a contract of technical support under the label recovering confidence. They want to recover confidence of the population and their water and their service. They want to recover confidence of the employees of the water service because people working for the water service they don’t have any confidence in what they are doing and recover confidence of the funding agencies to have more money. So the…we have started I’m leading the team there a group of three companies United Water from the US, maybe some of you know them. Akabar from Spain and Lyonnaise des Eaux the unpronounceable name from France and we are there trying to reorganize the City and improve its efficiency. It is a hard challenge because we have to work with what you are seeing now on the screen. We have developed the strategy based on three parallel axis, the one I can qualify by the urgent one, we should master the epidemic of Cholera, we should master the problem of leakage, the acquisition of a minimum of equipment, the finance to control the finance the City and then to start training people to let them know what they are doing. So this is emergency we started the first of April by this and we have another subject that appears on our way that the NGO’s were supplying the camps by water tracking, they have stopped in August and we have to find a way to supply water to 600,000 people in the camps. This is an urgent work we find it by the head of the Red Cross we find the way and we are tracking water for all these people every day. Then we have their organization the human resource improvements find the right main to put at the right place, restructuring the customer service, and control the water quality. Then the long term and we are preparing it is to prepare the master planning for water and for sewage, the global one to increase the number of customer to install in the block the IT system and to define the new tariffs. When you look at all this you find and this is the link with our meeting this morning the education and communication are the heart of the system and even if we are a private company working on this I should say we are learning a lot, we are learning a lot because this is a new environment of business for us and we are touching by hand by our finger the realities of this dramatic situation. So as I have two minutes left I would like to thank you for giving me the opportunity of this presentation and I can assure you that my colleagues there are very proud that we talk about Haiti in this meeting and in this forum. Thank you very much.

DW: Thank you Eric. It is a great privilege for me to be on this panel and I would like to also thank Jim and his colleagues for taking the lead in organizing this important forum. As you know WaterAide is an international non-profit organization dedicated to improving access to water and sanitation in the world’s poorest communities. We work in partnership with local NGO’s and local national governments in 26 countries to help people gain access to Wash. In the past we reached well over a million people as you heard earlier from John Oldfield we also work closely with water advocates and other partners such as Millennium Water Alliance, to advocate for continuing commitment to Wash within our foreign assistance program. One of the most frequently forgotten dimensions of the water crisis is the fact that 900 million people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion people do not have basic sanitation. This has been mentioned by previous speakers but I think it merits the underlining. The consequence of this in human terms is devastating and the economic cost to households, communities and countries is enormous. As other speakers have said we do have the knowledge and the technology to ensure that the universal human right toward water and sanitation recognized by the UN general assembly last year becomes a reality. What is required however is

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for governments, international organizations, civil society and the private sector to work together to make this happen. I would purport some action steps toward achieving that goal. First let us look in a little more detail at the economic and social costs of this crisis. The health costs are of tragic proportions and unacceptable. Diarrhea diseases caused by drinking contaminated water kill 1.5 million children under 5 each year. This is more than HIV-AIDS, Malaria and Measles combined. Furthermore, half of all hospital beds in the developing world are occupied by patients suffering from water and sanitation related diseases. Other costs mentioned by previous speakers are the impacts on the lives of women and girls who spend several hours every day carrying heavy loads of water this reducing the time women have available for growing food, working toward an income, or taking care of children and preventing girls from attending school. Lack of access to water and sanitation is a major drag on economic growth and costs countries in sub-Sahara Africa around 5% of their GDP each year. Undoubtedly the crisis has been exacerbated by climate change which is resulting in increased water stress in pool communities in many parts of the tropics currently facing water insecurity.

What is the current status of funding for Wash? There are no shortages of high level commitments by governments at national and international levels, most recently in May 2011 the least developed countries committed to achieving water sanitation for all by 2020. However, in many developing countries these commitments have yet to be translated into significant increases in public investment. In sub-Sahara in Africa only 20 countries are on track to reach the MDG goal of halving the portion of the population without access to safe water by 2015. For the water MDG target to be met in that region the number of people gaining access to water each year must lie in the current figure of 12 million to 40 million meeting these commitments requires substantial increases in the resources relegated to water by national governments and donors. In sub-Sahara in Africa alone there is an estimated annual funding shortfall of around 11.4 billion dollars. To put that amount in perspective it is important to remind us that here in the US we spend over 20 billion dollars a year on bottled water. The disappointing fact is that aid expenditure on water and sanitation has declined in recent years, spending on water and sanitation was over 8% of total aid in the mid 90’s, but has fallen to below 5.5% of total aid today. We’ve proposed the following actions to insure that the delivery of Wash to the world’s poorest people is given the priority it deserves. 1. More public education is needed on the huge cost that lack of access to safe water is having on health, education and economic development in many nations. 2. Donor companies should increase the volume of aid flows going to water and sanitation programs and target it to the least developed countries in sub-Sahara in Africa and South Asia. Currently only 30% of Wash aid in fact goes to the least developed countries. 3. International and national civil society organizations must also act to secure increased investment in providing universal access to water and sanitation by 2020. 4. National and local government agencies need to be supported to develop their capacity to design and implement low cost appropriate systems that are efficient, sustainable, managed by local communities, targeted at those most in need and that it address the multiple needs of the poor including agricultural production. The issue of sustainability is critical. The water crisis will never be solved unless we invest in water systems that are built to last; unfortunately this has proven to be not the case. And a powerful example the official figure for access to clean water is 80% of the population but when the functionality of water systems is taken into account this coverage falls as low as 53%. 5. Governments, donors and civil society need to unite and demonstrate a high level of support for the sanitation and water for all partnership SWA. This partnership which brings together key decision makers from governments, donors, development agencies and civil society and who

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secretariat in Unicef seeks to turn analysis into reform proposals, proposals into commitments and commitments into actions. 6. Communities and local civil society organizations need to be actively involved in decision making in order to generate bottom up demand for change and hold governments to account for public investment in water and sanitation. They can draw inspiration from the UN General Assembly Resolution formally recognizing access to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as universal human rights. 7. Global monitoring and transparency initiatives include in the Unicef WHR joint monitoring program Katherine mentioned and the UN Water Global Annual Assessment of Drinking Water and Sanitation GLASS should be strengthened on a long term basis.

Public education should play a key role in bringing about these changes it should lead to: (1) greater attention to water and sanitation and hygiene issues and the active engagement of all stakeholders in dialogs with governments on sector policy and finance. (2) closer scrutiny of public investment in water, sanitation and hygiene and the holding of governments and donors accountable for results. (3) greater support for marginalized and vulnerable groups particularly those with disabilities and special needs in claiming access to clean water and sanitation.

In conclusion ending the water and sanitation crisis is ultimately a joint endeavor that requires concerted action and collaboration between governments, international organizations and civil society as well as the private sector. I would like to see many more partnerships that Chris was mentioning earlier. This is only likely to happen with a full backing of public opinion in favor of action to tackle the devastating impact of the continuing lack of universal access to water and sanitation services. I look forward to working with the Chronicles Group and other organizations represented here today on a campaign to create public awareness of the water crisis and the need for urgent action. Thank you.

EW: I think we have been privileged today to listen to these members of this panel. Please join me in thanking them for their remarks. We do have about 10 minutes before we’ll need to break for this particular session we can take one or potentially two questions. I would like to encourage the students that are here today to be those that would ask questions. I will give a priority to anyone that stands up and tells me that they are from a university as a participant. I could just wait but that would probably. Please use the microphone.

Audience Question: My name is Dorian Rothham and I’m from the University of Nebraska Lincoln, graduate student in water resource policy and global policy. My question would be directed to Dr. Jean-Claude Seropian in regard to I know that it does require a great deal of time to plan after a major disaster such as the earthquake. But what exactly why is it taking in general why is it taking so long for infrastructure to be implemented in basic fundamental needs for people there?

JS: As you know maybe the funds are available, the meeting that’s been held in the United States and they have got 5 billion dollars for reconstruction, its always very, its harder to construct then to destroy so it takes long time to make studies, planning and so on. But when they started they got the first crisis with the Cholera and all the energy has been oriented against this, then they went into the process of election. I don’t know if you’ve heard of this story between November and May and the new president has been elected and he started his period on May and until now he didn’t have a new government. So politically we have a sort of period of freezing

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any decision there is no decision that is taken, there is a government that is working on a basis of expediting the affairs, the normal affairs and there is no new government to launch the new program. I believe that things will be moving on in next October or November but it takes too long you are right.

EW: Again I do have a preference for students. Is there one in the back? Please use the microphone.

Audience Question: For the panel my question is for the panel, my name is Brian Vanesski from Vernon Township New Jersey. How do you form partnerships that lead to funding to support everyday people who are on location in rural areas like South Africa?

EW: Can you please state your question one more time?

Audience Question: Yes, how do you form partnerships that lead to funding to support everyday people who are on location in rural areas like South Africa?

Response to Question: I guess the reason why, it’s a good question because a number of us sitting here at the table review a lot of partnerships are minds are jumping to the next part of your question which is specifically what do you do within the context of that partnership? And if I was working with you on a partnership in South Africa I would look at, at a and if you were looking for significant donor funding I would look at a problem that have solved or an application if applied would lead to scale in terms of affecting large numbers of people as opposed to small isolated pockets. If I was looking at the Wash world in a peri-urban area in South Africa right now and I wanted to get the attention of the people, particularly dealing with problems I would look very hard at sanitation marketing related partnerships. And I would look very hard at partnerships that related sanitation marketing to the development of small businesses in peri-urban areas. And that might not be exactly what you are talking about but it just kind of takes the next step and it also takes getting a need, a sense of where are the donor priorities right now? And how they see the opportunities for partnering. So you have to have a mutuality of interests essentially to move ahead.

DW: In WaterAid we have a lot of experience in working and developing partnerships in the countries where we work and its important to work not only with local NGO’s, local non-profits but also work with the local government and national government in that way you bring resources together from many sectors. It is so important also to engage the local private sector where possible you can find out more about the work that we do on our website: wateraidamerica.org and you’ll find there examples of our partnerships.

Response to Question: I think the sustainability of the partnership itself, once the existing source of funds that might come from a donor public or private disappear can the activity that the partnership was set up to support continue in its own right?

Response to Question: The only thing I was going to add you know is just when you think about a partnership and to this issue of funding it is important to think about the broad range of resources that partners brings to there’s it is not just the financial resources but you know as you pull your different groups together whether they are local or internationally based what are

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the different networks. I mean the network is a resource those contacts, of course there are the financial resources the physical resources, what kind of equipment, what other kind of infrastructure do they have and what are the human resources that they can bring together so the partnership and the resource question is not just about funding but about a much larger group.

Response to Question: A question I think maybe this is what the student was going to ask but it was what I wanted to ask as well and that is really the role of P3 of public, private partnerships and Mr. Seropian represents a water company but I think a number of years ago we all thought that for the developing world public private partnerships were the great hope. That this was going to be the vehicle through which the water problems of the globe would be solved and we’ve had some great successes and many great contributions from private water companies but it has to be said we’ve had some spectacular failures as well. And my question to the panel was and perhaps I believe perhaps this is what the last question was really driving at. How do we see the current status of public private partnerships and how do we see the future and have we learned sufficiently from the errors of the past?

Response to Question: I will answer to the last part of the question. I believe we didn’t learn we got some conclusion very fast conclusion without any analysis to support them. That’s why we passed from 100% to partnership to almost 0% now and we find equilibrium a sort of balance. The private sector definitely brings something and he has to learn to work, the private sector private industry big companies like ours or our competitors whatever have learned to do this I’m not sure that the other part have learned how to work with us.

Response to Question: I think the question is an interesting one the question also goes to what do you define as private and what do you define as a partnership in this context? If you look broadly what is happening in the developing world, is the number of purely private solutions not at scale but individual private solutions today dominate. So where is the public part in that? That is the question? Most public, private partnerships that are at an organized scale for a municipality are not functioning very well that’s what you are basically saying. On the other hand if you look at people who are delivering water by tankers that’s a private operator invariably taking water from a public source, a treated public source or an untreated public source something like this is working, quote-un-quote. If you look at people who are NGO’s who are promoting practices rainwater harvesting and things like that this is quote-un-quote working. However, in the long run most of these things are not working because if there’s a drought or if there’s any hesitancy financial or otherwise these do not work. So I think in my view what has not been worked out is what are the roles in the public private partnership for creation and then sustenance of entity and that really is what needs attention.

EW: I need to discontinue the questions at this point I know that our speakers would be glad to continue to answer questions as the other panels have but in light of the timing I would like to have you join me in thanking them for their participation today. And we have some instructions now about this window of time around lunch and re-convening.

Session 3: Developing and Implementing a Public Education and Branding Strategy

SP: Good Afternoon we are going to go ahead and get started…hope you all had a good lunch. It is an honor to be in the company of so many remarkable people who have come

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together on a global stage to roll up their sleeves and find a meaningful way to express both the extent of the world water issues.

So today we have a great panel in front of you for the afternoon session. One that is focused on developing and implementing public education and branding strategy as it relates to water issues. We are going to go in order for the exception of Malcolm Morris that’s in the program so if you can follow along as well.

We are going to start with Carole Baker who is Chair of the Alliance for Water Efficiency. We are going to then move to Doug Bennett who is the Conservation Manager at Southern Nevada Water Authority and then we will hear from Malcolm Morris who is the Chairman of the Millennium Water Alliance. Then we will move on to Dr. Anthony Fellow, Chairman, School of Communications California State University at Fullerton and then we will move down to Hank Managing Partner of SAIL Capital Partners. Dave Johnson Director of Corporate Marketing the Rain Bird Corporation and then Christopher Rochfort, CEO of Star Water Solutions who joins us from Australia. And then we will close the session with Dr. Peter Waite Executive Vice President of ProLiteracy Worldwide so that we can really talk about the solutions and the challenges that people are seeing both in the public and the private sectors as well as how it relates to education but also as it relates to literacy, so similar rules apply to the previous panel and Carole, thank you very much.

CB: See if I can get close enough so you all can hear me. Pretty quickly you all are going to realize that I’m actually from Texas and so I want to just offer up a disclaimer here at the beginning that there are many of us in Texas who do believe in Climate Change. Either that or it’s an absolute fluke that we are having the driest, hottest year that we have ever had. We are in serious drought 98% of the State is in extreme drought. We’ve lost billions of dollars with agricultural crops right now, we have ranchers selling off their cattle, we have fires burning, right across from my house and so it’s getting pretty devastating and unfortunately doesn’t look like its going to get very much better.

But I wanted to talk to you all today about an Awareness Campaign that we created several years ago before we got into this particular drought. I love what Pat Mulroy said this morning about water is not mine, it’s ours. In Texas, unfortunately we have quite a few battles because we are so diverse in the State. We have areas that use to get 52 inches of rain versus 6 inches on the west side of the State. This year nobody’s getting any rain so we need to make awareness even more. We need to be more active with that but I think one of the things that bothers some of us even though it’s a good thing, people are looking at conservation and may be more aware of the situation that we really want to make sure they don’t forget when it starts raining what we had to do and how much better we could have been prepared. We went into a regional planning process in our State about 10 years ago that we divided the State up or the legislature did into 16 planning areas. And those planning areas developed their plans they looked at what the demand is going to be, what the supply is going to be, where their shortages are and we are in the second round of that now and they have just submitted the new State Water Plan which says that 32% of our water supply in the future is going to be met through conservation and reuse. That sounds really good we’re just not sure at all how we are going to get there. They of course didn’t offer any funding for that particular one third of our water supply. And we don’t, people are just still not exactly looking at the critical stage that we are in.

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But we several years ago the Senate created a Task Force for water conservation and they charged us with several things. But one of the things that they charged us with was to find out if the State actually needed a Water Conservation Awareness Campaign. So we went out, of course they didn’t give us any money to research that or anything, but we went out privately and got that money and performed $150,000 worth of research with water stakeholders and the general public and we wanted to develop a brand to go with the a Campaign. So when we went back to the Senate in the next session we could say, yes we do need one, here’s the brand. But along the road as we went we found some very curious things about what people in Texas thought about water. We first discovered they had no clue what the source of the water was, less than 20% of the people knew what the actual source of their water was? They didn’t really think saving a little bit of water was worth sacrificing their lifestyles. They didn’t have water quantity anywhere on their top 10 list of priorities that have to do with the environment which was really curious. I mean the rainforest was real high up there but nothing about shortage of water in Texas. So but as we went through all the research the people who do this for a living, what it came back to is the fact that it was really important that we found out that they didn’t know the source of their water because the bottom line of that was if they didn’t know the source of their water they really weren’t conserving. The only people we could find that were doing a pretty good job were people that could actually see the source of their water or know what was happening with that. So we set about doing the research I think we all know as students of public policy many of us that before you can actually effectively implement policy the people need to know about the policy. They generally need to agree with the policy which is a little problematic sometime and they need to know what their role is in that implementation of that policy. So we created a campaign called, Water IQ - Know your Water. Because what we realized and reported back to the legislature wasn’t that we needed a water campaign on water conservation we needed a campaign on water period. We needed to try to get the public to understand where the source of their water was, what the challenges were in the planning process and try to get them to partner with us. So everybody’s not just making decisions from Austin Texas at the capital. There are actually people out on the ground that understand what is happening and so we did that, it was interesting at first because we went to the legislature and said, we got all this good research, we are ready to go and of course you could probably not be surprised there was no funding for this particular activity. Two years later they did tell the State Water Development Board to do the campaign but again they didn’t give them any money to do it.

So I also wear another hat as heading up the Texas Water Foundation and so the Water Foundation along with my good friends who are here from AWWA in Texas worked with us and we have been able to raise some dollars and put some campaigns together privately and I think that’s important for you to remember. Someone asked this morning about partnerships you can’t sit back and wait for the legislature or the government to try to get some money to do some of these things. Partnerships in the private arena and non-profit arena are really important. So we did one pilot program up in North Texas because they were really desperate and there is a big Regional Water Authority up there who covers 13 cities in the Dallas Metropolis area. Two of those cities are the fastest growing cities in the country and they have actually over the last 5 years since they started doing the Campaign have grown by 46%. And yet because of the Campaign that they did, the reason this was good is because we all know with education programs it’s hard to quantify water savings sometimes you don’t really know if the message is getting through. This happened to be absolutely virgin territory they had never done anything for conservation before, they live around a bunch of lakes, but the people didn’t realize that their

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whole water supply came from just one of those lakes, not all the rest. And that particular lake was drying up and so they’ve been able to maintain a 200 million acre foot savings throughout even the last two summers on a daily basis because of a lot of the things they were doing. It cost them a lot of money but they paid for it themselves but they did TV, radio, billboards everything you could think of because the media people told us you’ve got to touch somebody 5 times before they actually get the message. So I think in that area we are very pleased because the engineers have been doing weekly reports for quite a long time now showing the water savings and compared to the five years before and taking into consideration weather. So we think that you know that really Texas is not going to be able to solve any of its problems without the Awareness Campaign.

The Water IQ – Know Your Water was really important brand for us and that’s all it is, it is a brand. Without programs underneath it to support it then it doesn’t really mean a whole lot but we really like that brand because in the focus groups the people were saying, what am I suppose to know and that’s exactly what we wanted them to ask. We wanted them to say, you know, what do I need to know? And we’ve tried to keep that going and that it’s a struggle sometimes but I think we did a program here’s a partnership for you and maybe in your area, but in Texas we can do a partnership with the Texas Association of Broadcasters and we did an $80,000 partnership with them last summer for three months they ran on TV, radios, Spanish, English all over the State. They guaranteed we’d get 3 to 1 payback on that, we actually got 10 to 1 so we got almost a million dollars worth of advertising out of that $80,000 investment. So look for those kinds of things.

And so I guess I’ll finish with one quick thing on something that’s not in my bio is that I have a daughter and son-in-law and four grandchildren who have lived in Botswana Africa for the last four years, for the last 27 years and watching the pictures this morning you know is really it is a real gut check for us I think. You know here in the States we sort of casually always talk about water is life, we’ve got that slogan around and everything but I’m not sure that we actually look at it that way always but when you are over there water is life. I just ran across this quote recently and you all may have already heard it, but Lauren Isley’s quote that says, if there’s magic on the planet it is contained in water. And I love that because I think if we ever did a vision, water as being magic or as we talked over at lunch about it being so emotional I think we’ve taken it for granted so much that we don’t look at it that way. If you are in a country like we saw this morning it’s life, it is magic, it’s the most important thing these women and children do every day and my grandchildren from the States that I’ve taken over there to visit their cousins its has been life changing for them because they’ve seen just the importance. And my first trip over there it was my grandson’s came and my daughter had said, please bring some of your water conservation materials to talk at our school about water conservation? And when I went they gave me one bucket full of water and said you know explain to me how I was going to use that all day so my question to her was exactly what are we trying to reduce these people’s water use to? And so that kind of, those kinds of things can give you a passion for it, there are still so many things that you can do and I hope that all of you here today all go away, knowing that public education programs work. I think without awareness for the general public and I know how hard that is, but until we get that message out and not just save water because it’s a good thing that we want to conserve. But help them to understand why we are asking them to do that. And I thank you all very much.

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SP: Thank you Carole so up next is Doug Bennett from Southern Ca1fornia Nevada Water Authority. Excuse me…Southern California I’m from Southern California…Southern Nevada Water Authority I’m sorry. We don’t compete for water right.

DB: Thank you Stefan. Good afternoon I want to thank the Chronicles Group for having me here today it is a great honor to be speaking to you. Most of you heard Pat Mulroy speak this morning about the challenges of the Colorado River and I work for Pat Mulroy and so I’m in charge of the Water Conservation and Efficiency Program’s there. I had brought along with me one of our marketing pieces which was an entertaining commercial but apparently we have some challenges with being able to play that for you it certainly would have lightened the mood. When you look at the Colorado River it’s a river that is certainly challenged. It is the single most important river in the Western United States. It supports one out of every 10 Americans in part or in total, meeting their water demands. Pat described some of the agricultural needs in the Colorado River Basin and where that water flowed and it’s incredible to realize that we really have plumbed that entire river. That river no longer meets the sea and it hasn’t for a very long time. It hits the last dam at Morales Dam in Mexico and takes a hard left turn and that is the end of the river it is completed used and utilized for human good along the way. Its been over allocated as well it was allocated on the basis of what its flows were from the early 1900’s through 1920 and we now know that was a period of extraordinary flow on the Colorado River. And more water more checks sort of speak was written on the Colorado then there were funds to be able to cover it over the long haul. And my Agency is especially challenged we got less than 2% of the water that was allocated on that river. And I talk about the river because I think what Carole said rings exactly true people don’t know where their water comes from. We have heard that message over and over today. And if in 2000 when I first arrived in Las Vegas I had gone out on the street and asked people where does your water come from? A large number of them would have been able to identify Lake Mead it’s close to town. They’ve driven boats on it, they know where it’s at, they know how to get there they know Hoover Dam holds it. I think fewer of those people would have been able to name the river that was dammed to create Lake Mead or to be able to tell you what States the headwaters are in. So they had a very poor understanding I think of where their water came from and how important it was to them.

We are now in a 12 year drought cycle we don’t know when its going to end, this year certainly is one that has been kinder to us than the previous 10 or so, this year the Rocky Mountains produced about 150% of the run off, the average run off. But still the Lake is down 100 feet. Lake was down 150 feet and this is a 250 square mile reservoir. And keep in mind most of the water held in a reservoir, every foot near the surface is much more water than a foot near the bottom because it is like a Martini glass. That first inch in a Martini glass is a whole lot more Martini than that last inch in the Martini glass. So the Lake itself is still just half full. What I find is that people become very complacent very quickly, you talk to them about the Lake they forget the 150 foot drop they want to talk about the 50 foot increase. And so they are very short term oriented. Our Agency because of this drought because of the change, the limited water supply the challenges on the river with negotiating as Pat mentioned, it is really a large community 7 States and the Country of Mexico managing that river together neighbor to neighbor required that we change our approach to water conservation. And when I got there in 2000 our primary spokesperson for water conservation was a giant cartoon water drop with big white goggly eyes and more people could have told you who Deputy Drip was than who Patricia Mulroy was. And that was a good thing I guess but the message was a soft warm fuzzy kind of a message, it was

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a, hey can you save some water and would you like a balloon? We have pencils and Frisbees too and really that’s been the history of water conservation 20 years ago these were public relations programs more than they were technical programs. Today we change that message. Deputy Drip only speaks to little kids and you won’t see him in any of our commercials and we’ve taken a much harder approach in telling people that this is not a warm fuzzy anymore. This is a must do and we need everyone to participate.

We also had to teach people who use the water in our valley because most of you I would guess a huge number of you have visited Las Vegas and it is a different world it is an adult Disneyland on the strip. And even our own residents perceive that the strip and the resorts and our tourism industry must certainly account for the vast majority of all the water used in that valley. The opposite was true, the homeowners and their homeowners associations and their master planned communities accounted for more than half of all the water that we deliver. When we add to that, apartments and other places people live, two thirds of the water goes to places where people live. The resorts 7% of the water goes to resorts and of that water 75% of it is used inside the building not outside the building and all of that water is recovered at our wastewater treatment plants and we can use it for indirect potable reuse, it can be stored, recovered and used again. And so the resort sector is really a very small user. Its people’s perception primarily that influences the decisions they want to make and we had to educate them about that. Las Vegas didn’t have a strong community ethic we had as many as 100,000 people move to town in a single year. We had a couple of years where 80,000 people moved in one year and 100,000 the next year. It’s kind of hard to build a sense of community when everyone feels like you are just coming and going. It’s like do you really want to meet the neighbors in the hotel you’re staying in. It seemed that way and so people were reluctant to get too close to each other, they didn’t have high expectations for how their neighbors would behave. It was considered kind of a temporary stopping point in their life story, how they lived in Las Vegas for awhile before they moved on. But now people are realizing there’s generation after generation after generation in our community and its time to build an ethic. We also have to build buy in. I heard a lot of discussion about simply price water appropriately and I don’t disagree we have four tiered rates, the fourth tier costs four times as much as the first tier. So there is an incentive to do that, but do you really get buy in from people do you get an ethic do you get ownership do you get a sense of pride in managing water effectively simply because people are trying to reduce their water bill. You really don’t, I don’t think you get a sense of ownership. So we have a lot of incentive programs and they go hand in hand with these others, the incentive programs have the ability, have the ability to allow people to participate in something and contribute some of their own efforts and thus own the water savings that they are creating and feel good about it. We have a lot of partnership programs we work with the private sector. I firmly believe that if you can’t make money in water efficiency there probably won’t be that much water efficiency innovation. So you have to make sure that the private sector can make a living out of helping you do the things that you need to do. We’ve partnered with landscape contractors, home builders, car washes, a number of other industries and that also helps up get the message out without it always coming from the mouthpiece of the Water Authority.

We also do ethnic outreach a huge percentage of the people that can influence water use in our valley speak Spanish. And so it is very important that we speak Spanish as well. So we do advertising in Spanish, we do outreach in different languages, we have staff that can speak those languages and we are at a lot of different ethnic events. Rather than going into the schools why

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not work with the people who are already in the schools, we have something called H2O University we teach teachers how to teach kids. You can visit a lot of classrooms and kill an hour at a time talking to third graders but nobody will have more impact than the teacher that’s in the room with those kids year after year, day after day. And by teaching those teachers and giving them curriculum that makes a big difference. We have the largest sustainability preserve in the United States 180 acre facility committed to living sustainable in the desert. I hope you will visit that the next time you are there. Community Gardens scattered throughout the area that you can visit and learn more about sustainable landscaping.

Our latest message is to the business community. The business community is always concerned about the price of water because they need it to do what they do. We’re trying to get across the message you heard earlier today. What would be the cost to the economy of not having a reliable water supply? We are trying to let them know that everyone who watches Las Vegas and decides whether money should be invested there or not wants to know that you have a reliable water supply, not just today but for the very long haul. So that’s our latest educational message is making sure that people understand that. The place that we need to go I guess all of us is sharing information and so my Agency also hosts a conference in Las Vegas, it’s a not for profit conference but if you are interested in water efficiency, The Water Smart Innovations Conference will be in October. I hope you will come join us we have a lot of exciting partners there many of the people you heard from today and its all about sharing each others message and using the best tools we can find from others who have been successful with them. Thank you.

SP: And Mr. Malcolm Morris now. Malcolm do you want the slide up the whole time.

MM: Well I want to thank you all for the opportunity to be here. Thank you all for coming. Thank you to the Chronicle Group for hosting us today and I want to approach this from a little bit different basis maybe then you have heard from some of the other speakers. And first I’m going to give you a Zulu term from South Africa, you heard maybe from Hillary Clinton a phrase that it takes a village to raise a child. But there is a Zulu term that’s called Ubuntu and that means focusing on a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity. You only succeed because of what others have done to allow you to succeed and therefore each of us are morally obligated to help others succeed. Morally obligated does not mean that you actually do it though but what Ubuntu teaches is that those who follow through in lifting and sharing with others are those who become wise. If I said Ubuntu to the audience here there would be so many of you in the audience that I have participated with those who have lifted me up and those that we have taught to paint the fence as Tom Sawyer did. I’m a Chairman of a New York Stock Exchange Company and we do a lot with branding and a lot of things that I learned in business I’ve applied to the water sector. How many of you all were trained as Water Engineers in here can I see your hands? Ok we have very few I’ve heard German Literacy this morning, I’ve heard some other things, I’m a lawyer. I show up in Africa with a friend who lost a child, who begged my wife and I to go in 1990 he was our Godchild at 18 months he drowned. They said lets go do something for somebody else Ubuntu and we went. And there I got paired up with a well driller from Sugar land Texas and we had all kinds of problems with the government. I use to be the legislative aid to Charlie Wilson if any of you all have seen Charlie Wilson’s War and now working on a program with the Julia Roberts counterpart for Afghanistan. But it is a, it has been a trip if you will since 1990 from that one trip when we came back and saw the great need for water, formed Living Water International which today is working in 26 countries of the world.

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And providing water to over 10 ½ million people today and every single day. We, to fast forward through a life it is walking through another door when we had a call, I got a call from the floor of the meeting at the World Conference on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg and they said, we have just included water and sanitation in the Millennium Development Goals. Colin Powell is signing off and when he got back to Washington we got a call from the White House that said, get up here and let’s talk about what does the US do in order to create the commitment that we have made to water?

In doing that we formulated a meeting called, the Millennium Water Challenge and put on a 14 hour meeting in one day. We had about 450 delegates at that meeting we had six people from the UN, six people from the White House came down and said together, what can we do? At that meeting we invited as a CEO of a Fortune 1000 Company at the time, I invited other CEO’s of Fortune 1000 Companies, that’s my constituents, its each of you in this room have constituents who you have an opportunity to meet with and to be with and to influence and to share this greatest need of all in the world for water. When we finished that meeting we formed the Millennium Water Alliance, they elected me Chair of that Alliance and so far nobody has kicked me out yet. The Millennium Water Alliance has moved forward now having received about 5million of funding from the United States government and raised over 35 million in private sector in order to do work in both Kenya and Ethiopia and in the central African countries. It goes on from there with a meeting then with the President, I actually to say, how do you get on board? And if you’d throw that slide up there, I am just going to put this up here and leave it up here the rest of the few minutes that I’m going to comment. Because when you say you want to go and influence a group and I don’t care whether it’s a group of ladies that you do tea with like got together at their weekly meeting in Dallas and decided we’re going to raise 5 million dollars for water.

Great if it’s a group of hockey players use something else, but I was going to the President of the United States and he came from the Rangers, so I put a baseball diamond up and showed it to him and I said, let me tell you about water and how you could talk about it simply, and let’s got to water is life that’s first base. It’s a very cheap easy thing that we can do as Chris Holmes pointed out, it is something that we can do. If there is a better way to create a love for your mankind, for your fellow mankind from all over the world, save the life of a child, save the life of their child, you will be a friend.

Second base is health, the President announced an initiative 5 billion a year for AIDS I went up to him afterwards I said, Mr. President you just wasted 2½ billion dollars and he said what do you mean? I said all those people that you are going to give the HIV anti viral to they have gone to the city they have worked, they have gotten the AIDS virus, they have gone back home, there is no clean water nothing to take the anti viral with and half those half of the people are going to die and you will have just wasted the next meeting. Well our next meeting was at Indian Treaty room at the White House and out of that came the first million dollars worth of funding for the Millennium Water Alliance.

Next call came from Bill Frist, Bill Frist said, can you arrange a trip I want to take six senators of the United States Government over to Africa. Well I didn’t tell you what kind of company I ran but I run a land titling company, we are in every county in America. Every United States Senator I’m a constituent of, I’m a constituent of most representatives, I have employees who work in their

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districts and so I make a few calls and get people before them and share the message with those people about what is needed. Bill Frist said, I’m taking six senators over to Africa can you arrange something for water? We arranged a great trip for water, we arranged people to meet with them, walk them through the issue of water. And Bill Frist came back from there began to speak at the Senate and then called and he said, Malcolm he said, will you write a bill I promise you I will not leave the United States Senate until we have a bill out on water. And you have we have the first one is called Water for Peace, it morphed into Water for Poor, we worked with Earl Blumenauer in the House and that and got the bill out, and the President signed that on board Air Force One. We’ve got the Millennium I’m going to skip that here because of time, I would like to just say, we have, I have a five year old that I took, I’ve got six grandsons, one of them was five years old, took him on a trip on his first water trip. He came back to his school entered the first grade and they were for the first year going to have a program on water. He went to his teacher and he said I know all about it because my grandpa taught me how to drill a well. And so he shared with all the classes of his elementary school that elementary school is now doing an annual meeting and raising $8,000 a year for water. And these kids walk for water, learned about bad water and they teach each other. Each of these things we came to OU working with David Sabatini for the formation of the OU WATER Center, think about everybody that you come in contact with, if they come in contact with me they are going to hear about water. They might hear about land titles, they may hear about the law, but they are going to hear about water. And if you would think about how you share water with who, you don’t need the students in the back, you ask a question, how do we form a partnership, how do we raise the funds, well get together raise the issue, study the issue, google it up. I don’t need to tell you all about the water in this room and the importance of it. I’ll tell you three things in the meeting when you call your people together and you decide to do this project just like the ladies in Dallas did. I put your group together and I call it Formin, that’s the Formin Stage and then you going to discuss everybody’s different issues because everybody comes from a different place and that’s called the Stormin Stage, and then you call the Normin Stage and in the Normin Stage you decide what you are going to do. And in every meeting in the Millennium Water Alliance every meeting in the Millennium Water Program in a country where we are doing peer review and making sure we are keeping up with the standards every one of those meeting are held out in the village, out in the communities, and we teach those three terms: Forman, Storming and Norman. And then what are we going to do about the water? Each of you have got a responsibility to share with others to lift others up and to encourage them be the Tom Sawyer, hand them the paint brush, let them paint the fence. You don’t need to do it yourself you can just be the Chairman. Thank you

AF: Before I begin I have to apologize to you I hadn’t thought about water in two months I have a very difficult job I teach in Rome and Florence in the summer and all you have to do if you have a glass of water just put it under one of the fountains that run 24 hours but nobody drinks water in Italy they drink wine. Wine is for drinking and wine is for fighting. Today I would like to, I am wearing three hats basically as a 16 year member of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California which serves about 17 million people in Southern California. It is California’s second largest legislative body and my second hat is elected Director of the Upper San Gabriel Valley Municipal Water District, which is a suburb of Los Angeles. And we serve about one million people but the Upper District is very interesting. It is one of the greatest groundwater aquifers in the United States. Those one million people underneath them have basically a swimming pool but we have some problems there which we will be talking about. And my third hat today is Chairman and Professor of one of the largest Departments in the United States at

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California’s Largest University. So what I’d like to do I changed my whole talk because of Patricia Mulroy who is I think one of the great women, one of the great people, great leaders in water. And for someone coming from Met to say that is very good, because for many years she stole our water. But she is wonderful and she talked today about that things should begin on the local level. So I changed my talk and I thought why don’t we talk about successes and let you go out on a happy note today successes that are happening locally. Happening on the Metropolitan Water District for Southern California and happening at Upper District and then I would just like to end talking a little bit about my role as a Communications Professor who teaches communication campaigns and what we have to do for the future.

I do want to begin with my Met hat talking about a study we did a year ago, or two years ago. In California Met gets about 60% of its water from the State Water Project, and part of that State Water Project is the Sacramento Bay Delta Area and it has many problems. Governor Brown the first time when he was in office had to deal with this and its come back to haunt him again and we have to solve this problem. The great fear in California right now is that there will be an earthquake in San Francisco and they do have earthquakes there and that the salt water will be infused into the State Water Project and basically California will have no water, Southern California with 60% cut off. What we are trying to do in California is to solve that problem right now and it’s a very grave problem and at Metropolitan we decided we would take a survey of Southern California. Our goal at the time was two-fold it was to make water conservation a way of life due to drought and the reduction of water we had a 7 year drought in California, and to educate Southern Californians about the delivery issues surrounding the Sacramento River Delta. It was a devastating, the results were very devastating from this major survey I think we surveyed maybe 500 or more Southern Californians and what we found out is that Californians don’t understand the water crisis the state faces and water shortage and usage. And we found they are more concerned about the economy, unemployment, health care, pollution, even global warming and taxes, earthquakes and natural disasters. And secondly we found that the issue of water storage is something people say they should worry about but they don’t. Many said that as long as they can turn on the tap they weren’t concerned about water shortages. And many of them even told us that we are just tired of hearing the water industry cry wolf, they’ve heard it too many times before. And this was a rather devastating report for us and we are trying to determine now what plan of action we should take so that we can help the State solve this water problem. But I want to say that we’ve had tremendous successes in Los Angeles and the Metropolitan Water District and let me just talk about some of these and some of the strategies because most of our efforts have been to really lobby congress and use communication techniques to get congress involved. And one of the major problems was uranium tailings on the Colorado River. American don’t realize this but right on in Moab Utah there is a pile of Uranium there that is actually slipping and eventually it would have slipped into the Colorado River and the Western United States would have lit up. People would have I think. What we did was to take an outstanding Congresswoman and her aide is here today Grace Napolitano and we decided to bring her to Moab Utah and she was head of the, when the Democrats were in power, head of the Water and Power Committee and she was shocked by what she saw and she is a ball of energy and she took that issue and I’m glad to say President George Bush signed into law that this would be cleaned up, and the Obama Administration has now sped up that. So that is a tremendous success when you can get a majority of people together you can have successes. Another success we had was in the Colorado River in Nevada and Pat’s not here so I can say this. A company was dumping 500 acre feet a day of Perchlorate into the Colorado River we thought that

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was ghastly since 40% of our water in Southern California does come from the Colorado. And we went to our Senator Diane Feinstein who I thinks the greatest Senator in the United States and helped clean up that mess and now that is cleaned up. So when you can get things done if you have the mind to do it.

At Metropolitan also we are very concerned since water was eliminated 30% to decrease in our water friendly State Water Project and certainly greater increases as Pat Mulroy said today from the Colorado River that we had to do a Conservation Campaign. We’ve had to get people to conserve and we do everything from low flush toilets and giving away toilets and from our efforts we’ve put about 4.1 million a year into public relations and public campaigns. And I do have to tell you to get the congress to move what we did, we didn’t just use words. Congressman told us and Congresswomen told us that we don’t have time to read anymore so what Metropolitan did our strategy was to take pictures, colored pictures of Moab and the danger there and this had the most tremendous impact at the Bureau of Reclamation as we visited Congress people’s offices and they said, why don’t you give us more of this we want to see videos we don’t want to see written documents anymore and so that was a very good success. But as far as conservation goes we’ve put in 4.1 million for the past I would say six years we are now down to 1.8 million because of the, we haven’t been selling enough water and it has paid off in Southern California. We now use the same amount of water since 1980 and despite all the hundreds of, thousands I should say of increase in population.

Some of the other interesting things we do when you get a Board that’s aggressive and a majority of the vote, we do a World Water Forum and which is very apropos to what we are doing here today. This World Water Forum gives University students who are studying engineering and who are studying communications an opportunity to put together a project that will help underdeveloped countries increase their water supply or clean their water and some tremendous ideas have development from this World Water Forum which we hold bi-annually. And we give $10,000 to the five winners of this program and they have come up with some amazing innovations. I think one of the greatest was collecting water rain harvesting from tin roofs for a country in Africa and some of these are now being implemented. So some good things are going on. We also have a local projects program which has been tremendously successful whereby we give money to various water entities who will get together and do some interesting things. In California we have entities that got together and they improved membranes for recycled water and for desalinization and that has worked. On the local level and I’m the only elected official today on a Water Board we’ve also done some wonderful things in the San Gabriel Valley for instance the great aquifer, there been 200 of our 400 wells have been closed since 1979 and when you can elect three people when you can count to three on a Board on a City Council or a Water Board you can change the world and we did we changed a sleepy water district into an innovative water district that began water clean up and we now have well head treatment that is going on to help preserve and protect this aquifer. We’ve also began recycling projects and went strong on this Bill Clinton gave us 23 million and then called the project the Model for the United States and despite what he had to say in his praise and I love Bill Clinton. But I was up for re-election and it became a Toilet to Tap Program and Miller Brewing Company which is in my area because the water seeps up from San Jose Creek and drops in our spreading grounds decided they would spend $160,000 to defeat me. And I beat them 1 to 3. And today I have to tell you Miller Brewing Company has just come to us and now they want a, we are looking at instead of

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these major recycling sanitation projects to clean water we are going to do small units and Miller Brewing Company has come forward last week saying that they would like one.

We also have done a re-forest station project which is very unique in the United States to re-forest the Angeles National Forest so that debris doesn’t go into the dams and this has been successful with boy scouts, girl scouts going up every weekend. These are things you can do, positive things when you have a majority vote. We do a Water Fest every year in my City of Arcadia when we bring 8,000 people come to learn about water and water conservation. Of course, we get then there by giving away prizes, dishwashers and what have you and so they have to stay to the end. So this all works it’s a good strategy and right now one of my goals for the past 21 years that I’ve been on the Board is to build a education center for the children, a discovery center which we are now building but I have opposition there, that I’m destroying the natural habitat, but that’s too bad. And so as Pat Mulroy said, there’s things that you can do locally if you get involved if you know the people that you are electing to these Boards and City Councils and you can have tremendous success. I do want to end in my role as a Professor which is the greatest role in a job that I love very much and looking at young people today, they are not interested in reading but they are interested in visuals and this is where Jim plays a very important role because it is going to be documentaries like Running Dry that are going to change the world and change America’s impression so that people can know about the problems that water has. There is no reason for 3,900 young children to be dying each day, or 1.1 billion people dying not having water, or 2.1 billion not having the right sanitation and I think Jim thank you for this event today and it is the work that you are doing that I think is going to change America and America’s interest in water and perhaps hopefully change the world. Thank you.

HH: Thank you Tony and I know a number of us are wondering how many political leaders can count to 3 these days. I am honored to be here and the one thing I want to applaud is the richness and the diversity of the speakers who have been here today, I think that not only speaks to the diversity of the challenges but also to the growing number of organizations that care about water and all of its dimensions and I know a little bit about all of the dimensions of water. Doug, some people might say I’m the real Deputy Drip. I have been around the water sector for about 30 years in various capacities, I began by being involved in litigation over water rights involving Indian Tribes and Ranchers involving States like Colorado and Wyoming and Idaho fighting each other over water so that was my first perspective on natural resources. I also was involved at EPA which some of my friends here have heard me called being like the Captain of the Javelin team who elected to receive. But we were involved in regulating water and it really helped to understand both the dimensions of water management, water scarcity along with water quality kinds of issues and people like Chris Holmes and Ben Grumbles and Brent Fuel and a number of people here are alumni of EPA and proud of that. I also have been involved in investing and in business related to water and I’ve worked with a number of companies. I’ve worked with McWane, Ruffner Page is here from McWane which is involved in the infrastructure the base level of infrastructure and water. I’ve worked with Coca Cola, and Dow and a lot of other companies that are looking for solutions.

So let me tell you what my perspective here today is to try to not be redundant and add to the diversity of perspectives here as an investor today what I want, my focus for branding is going to be focusing on the financial community as a critical audience as we move into this next phase of problem solving with regard to water. And I have a perspective on that as well I’m a Managing

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Partner at SAIL Capital Partners which we are moving into our third fund and we invest purely in clean technology what’s called Clean Tech. And most firms that invest in Clean Tech primarily focus on energy but water has always been a very important priority for us looking for business models that have solutions in the area of water management, water quality. And we have a number of water investments as diverse as one company some of you may have heard of Water Health International which is a business model designed to deliver pure water on a sustainable ongoing basis as a business. Another one is a company called, M2 Renewables which is focused on one of many anomalies in the water sector which is the energy footprint of water and the fact that there’s great opportunity to figure out how to manage water and dramatically reduce the energy use. In fact even treat wastewater in a way that allows you to recover energy from wastewater. So there are a lot of people who stepped back and looked at the diversity and the interrelationship of all these water issues and seen economic opportunity there. So I think that’s very important because in 30 years in dealing with sustainable development I know that the cause of sustainable development can only be advanced dramatically to the extent that people see return on investment as part of that equation, as a critical part of sustainability. So in the brief time I have here today to talk about my perspective and give some thoughts on addressing the economic and financial opportunity in water. Let me just make four basic, a basic point that has four elements: I believe we are at a point where a lot of vectors are converging that create an exciting opportunity that more capital can be brought into water solutions. So the first reason I say that is the recognition that the problems that we have heard so articulately discussed here today have a direct connection to economic development. And I will expand on that just briefly. Second there is a nascent but dramatically growing interest in capital markets all over the world in the water sector and investing in water solutions. Third, we have a proliferation of solutions that are cost effective solutions to the water access, the water quality, the wastewater and sanitation kinds of issues that we have heard about here today. And finally, there are business models that can implement those solutions on a sustainable basis. All these things are coming together today. So let me just expand briefly on those points.

So first water investing and the connection between the problems and economic development and economic opportunity. Well water investment sector anybody who has been involved in water knows it’s a good news, bad news story. The good news is that it’s estimated variously at being around a half a trillion dollar a year market, water treatment, water quality, water supply kinds of issues. And if you look at the success of investments over the last five years a number of analysts have said that investing in water entities water utilities water entities water companies has had compounded returns over the last 5 years about 3 times the average of virtually all other indices in the marketplace. So that’s good news the not so good news is that most investors are scared of the water sector they don’t really understand it they know it’s a strange mix between humanitarian and government policy and other kinds of issues. And that a lot of water are really big urban what we call big iron treatment and delivery kinds of projects so people, there are a lot of people who don’t understand the opportunity although that’s changing. So but I think the connection to economic development is palpable once as you may have heard earlier today the water environment federation had done a study and in areas that are classified as water scarce the average economic growth was I think was .1% and in areas that had adequate water supplies the economic growth was 3.7%. Well there are a lot of other factors but it’s clear that the connection between water and economic development. So there’s more to say on that go to the next point is the capital that exists that’s available or could be available to invest in these solutions. And I just read in the Economist this week as some of you probably read sort of an

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update on what’s called Shared Value Investing or Impact Investing. JP Morgan here in New York has done a lot of work as others have in advancing the idea of Impact Investing where you measure returns not only on a financial basis but also on impact on important social issues and problems. And the amount of capital being poised to be invested in Impact Investing is measured in the hundreds of billions of dollars and there’s great interest in that as long as people can understand how to measure success. And Michael Porter recently of Harvard Business Review wrote an article about Shared Value Investing which involves similar principals so I would say as you look around at the multiple sources of capital in the World Sovereign Wealth Funds, Multilateral Development Banks, USAID and others there is a great opportunity, there’s literally hundred of billions maybe trillions of dollars poised to move into these solutions. So that’s very exciting and I know from talking to a number of people I was recently talking to Major Daily the former mayor of Chicago who is going to devote the rest of his career to sustainable urban infrastructure development and there’s a lot of opportunities there. The solutions are growing as I mentioned, I mentioned just some of the companies that we’ve invested in I know that Water Health International where we work with IFC and Dow and others is now serving over 3 million people with centers that basically purify water and charge less than basically a fraction of a penny per liter for the water, but are putting sustainable businesses in place in villages in India and West Africa. In West Africa in a partnership with Coca Cola and I mentioned M2R’s Wastewater Treatment Solutions so the solutions are growing.

Well just to wrap up so what do we do? What are the implications of what I just talked about here? I’m in the business of investing I’m going to continue to look for opportunities to invest capital in water solutions both you know both because I believe passionately in it and it’s the ultimate impact investment. I believe passionately in it and I see really substantial returns in that area. I think what I would think really makes sense is that we really promote a dialog with the capital community the private capital community around the world between water experts and the people who have the money but public and private sources of funding and really talk about the opportunities and what’s needed to make things happen. I know we talked at lunch today there are some simple solutions that Congress is considering like Private Activity Bonds that would open the door without a great budget cost to more private investment in water within the United States. But there are a lot of opportunities for partnerships around the world and I would just say that I would be delighted to participate in that. I’ve been participating in dialogs about this and to help recruit other banks and sources of capital to this because I do think the timing is right this convergence is here and in addition to all the great expert perspectives we have here bringing all these sources of capital in promises great opportunity for solutions and progress and thanks for having me.

DJ: Thank you very much first I would like to thank the Chronicles Group for inviting me here this afternoon it is really an honor and gives me a chance to tell the Rain Bird story. My background is a little bit different than most of the panelists that have presented here this afternoon. And so maybe I can give you a little bit different perspective on this issue from my point of view. I’m not a world renowned scientist, author, engineer, educator. I am however, a marketing professional. Now I hope that term marketing professional doesn’t sound like an oxymoron to some of you but it is what I do so I can explain what we do at Rain Bird about water conservation our branding program. I don’t think as a marketer what I do can be summed up very simply I look for problems that people have and then think of ways to solve those problems and then I’ll ultimately think of a way to commercialize the solutions. And I think from listening to the

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people on the panel today and work that we have done at Rain Bird there is no question in my mind it is abundantly clear that there is multiple water problems whether it is a cleanliness issue, quantity issue or simply accessibility issue the problem is out there but it really begs two questions in my mind. Does the general public know the extent of the problem? And then secondly what can marketing, branding and education do about that? Well I think the answer to the first question about whether or not people know enough about the water problem is clearly no, we’ve heard that mentioned several times. And that is why Rain Bird as the world’s largest irrigation company felt the responsibility to do something about that and in fact we came up with a corporate philosophy that we call the Intelligent Use of Water and it really impacts everything that we do. Now clearly the Intelligent Use of Water is a branding or a marketing campaign so I would be lying if I tried to tell you that ultimately we don’t hope that it helps our bottom line it helps us sell product and become a more successful company but it really does go way beyond that. In fact the Intelligent Use of Water philosophy has four ideals associated with it or four things that we call cornerstones and the very first one is education. We think the most important thing we can do is get out there and tell people all levels of our industry whether it’s an irrigation installer, or a user or whoever, teach them about the problem and potential solutions. So part of that education cornerstone is clearly talking about our industry, the irrigation industry. A lot of people have very negative thoughts about the irrigation industry or the active irrigating when it comes to water conservation and why is that? Maybe you’ve walked by your neighbors yard and the automatic sprinklers system is going off when it’s raining outside or there’s a spray head that is watering more sidewalk than grass or you go for a walk in your neighborhood and you see more water running down the road than being soaked up in the landscape. Well so part of our effort is to educate people that these situations don’t have to exist and educate them about technological advances in our industry that at a bare minimum eliminates those types of very obvious problems and starts to help positioning our industry as part of the solution and less part of the problem. In letting people know that they can irrigate efficiently is also key so continue on with this first cornerstone of education and thinking about those needs in the market and figuring out what kinds of things, solutions we have to come us with. We asked you know we found three needs or three questions that we position our solutions around and one is we have a water problem. I normally call it a water shortage problem but listening to the panels today I know like I said there are other issues to cleanliness, accessibility and so forth. But also there are benefits to irrigated landscape I heard Mr. Fishman talk at lunch today about the emotional connection with water and well irrigated landscapes, golf courses, sports fields that kind of thing are part of that emotional connection. And certainly irrigating agriculture is important as well. And lastly then you can achieve these benefits of irrigation by using minimal water and still get those benefits. So to help perpetuate that education of people on these topics we’ve created many tools. Rain Bird has published a series of White Paper so we’ve collected a lot of information and background much of it very similar to things that you’ve heard here. And we have published those papers made them available free of charge on our website, handed them out and so forth, in fact today I brought with me a more digestible version of our first White Paper that talks about the problem, various solutions to the problem and we will make that available on our website as well. But it allows us to hit the education story at many different levels you this graphic might be appropriate for kids we’ve got very technical White Papers that might be available and more appropriate for professionals and there are more of those White Papers to come. We’ve also hosted a series of Intelligent Use Water Summits much like this get together today we’ve had over 12 to date throughout the world they bring together many of the worlds experts on the subject. We’ve also extensive training programs for professionals in our industry that teach the five basic

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requirements for water efficient irrigation system. The first is design if a system is not designed properly that’s when you get the spray heads watering more sidewalk than grass. Next, is product selection picking the most water efficient technologically advanced products possible and you will get a good system. Third, is installation installing that right per the plan per the design. Next is use, training the end users to use it properly programming their automatic controller and things like that and then lastly, is maintenance. You got to take care of even the best system or you may end up wasting more water.

The second cornerstone of our philosophy is forging strong partnerships. I’ve heard several people on the panel today talking about the same thing. We know that we can’t get this message out and really do anything concrete alone. We’re just one company so we seek out individuals and organizations that believe in the importance of water conservation like we do. We work with organizations like the Irrigation Association, the United States Green Building Council, the Alliance for Water Efficiency, the California Urban Water Conservation Council, the American Public Gardens Association, the Ground Water Foundation and many others. I mean the list is very long and we’ve talked a bit about you know private, public type partnerships as well. So what might a partnership with Rain Bird or a company like Rain Bird look like? Well, we may seek expertise from these organizations on one of our water conservation programs. Rain Bird might donate money or materials to a project that illustrates efficient irrigation techniques or you might just simply share ideas. One very concrete example of a very strong partnership we have is with the American Public Gardens Association in conjunction with them we created a holiday out of blue air called, National Public Gardens Day and the point of that is to let people know about the importance again touching on the emotional connection between water and people, the importance of landscapes and gardens and taking that opportunity to then also educate people about how they can water their gardens and flowers most efficiently and its really taken off. So its really kind of a grassroots effort that has paid dividends.

The third cornerstone is Rain Bird’s desire to be a leader in the irrigation industry when it comes to water conservation. Now leadership comes in many different ways and it goes beyond being the biggest or the best company at anything. We want to put our money where our mouth is and do something that is really relevant. With that in mind we started a program called the Intelligent Use of Water Awards Program and it’s just finished up its fourth year I believe and when it first started we looked for projects that were good illustrations of water conservation and then gave then an award and a monetary prize. And this year we wanted to take that even farther and we knew we had to make it even bigger and we said hey instead of recognizing project that are already done, we have the ability to make some projects happen that might not happen. So we set up a website we asked people to submit ideas for water conservation projects whether its irrigation or not, just water conservation projects and then we had the internet community vote on these projects. We had over 80 ideas submitted and we were able to fund 10 of those projects and hopefully start something that maybe wouldn’t have had a chance to start in the first place and we are following up on those projects to make sure our investment is put to good use. After the awards program independently of that awards program we’re also working with a project called, The Green Schoolhouse Series where we are donating money and material to a school for underprivileged children in Arizona that is the first Lead Platinum Certified Schoolhouse that is totally built with volunteer labor and materials and it’s a good way to not only touch the lives of the kids and help educate them about water conservation but it helps us illustrate to our industry that you can be Lead Platinum Certified and still have irrigated landscape.

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And then finally, we have the Intelligent Use of Water Film Competition where we solicit ideas from film makers from around the world to put their ideas and thoughts about water conservation down on film and then we award prizes and cash for that. So we like to involve other people and get those ideas out there. And then I will end with this the last and final cornerstone of our company we can build a brand or a philosophy around something like the Intelligent Use of Water. Your products must know some corporations irrigation controllers Rain Bird was a pioneer in this field over 30 years ago when we developed computer controlled central control systems for huge golf course systems and now that same technology is available in four different platforms for everybody from the smallest homeowner to sports fields and commercial installations and it takes real weather data, figures out exactly just the amount of water that your landscape or plants need to survive and then applies that amount of water not allowing any waste. We will design a water efficient system free of charge for any homeowner we just released an environmentally safe sub-surface drip system for turf grass that is 95% efficient and we are continuously looking at even older technologies like our spray nozzle category from our rain curtain technology to our newest high efficiency variable arch nozzles, we are looking for ways to improve that. So in closing there is no doubt in our minds that there are water problems. There’s also no doubt that people need to be more aware of it and act on it but there’s also no doubt that efficient irrigation can be part of that solution when the five basic steps are followed those were the design, product selection, installation, use and maintenance of irrigation products and that in a nutshell is the Intelligent Use of Water. Thank you.

CR: Good afternoon distinguished guests ladies and gentlemen, as you can understand if you can understand my accent I’m from Australia. I thank Jim and the Chronicles Group for inviting me here to present today. I’ve learned a lot of information just in this one session today then what I could probably learn in a year. I would like to start by saying apart from my role as CEO of Star Water Solutions. By the way the Star in Star Water stands for Storm Water Treatment and Reuse, we have CORE which is a Center for Organic and Resource Enterprises in Australia and that organization focuses on resource recovery and innovative ways of using those resources once you recover them. I guess there are some advantages and disadvantages about being the second last speaker of the day. I guess the disadvantage is a lot of what I was going to say has probably been said before but I think I can reinforce some of those items that were spoken about. I guess the advantage is that I can feel sorry for the guy next to me here who is the last speaker of the day.

Just by background on Australia as mentioned by Mr. Fishman at lunch time Australia is one of the driest continents we’ve just experienced 10 years of drought some of our cities are still in drought particularly in the west where Perth is. We have a diverse population of urban, rural and remote communities. We have a population of about 22 million people most of those live around the coastline anywhere where there is a beach there are usually people in Australia. A lot of the things we have had to deal with, a lot of our water comes from dammed rivers into the cities so our remote communities and rural communities suffer as a result of that when they haven’t got enough water when there’s a drought on. Ten years ago it was common in urban areas of Australia to see people hosing down there driveways and then hosing down their gutters into the drive and letting it go from there. It was quite ironic because now a days if you did that in Australia after the educational programs and that have boomed around you would be hung, wrung and quartered. As I say in Australia. It was quite alright because this morning when I was lining up to come into the venue here many of you were at the front there, I don’t know if anyone

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noticed the lady across the road hosing down the pavement for about ½ an hour, and I felt like going over and hung, wrung and quartering her.

During the time, during the drought in Australia some of our dam levels dropped to 10% and especially in some very populous areas like the Gold Coast up near Queensland. So what do we do about it from an education and awareness perspective? We targeted both the consumption and demand in and we looked at ways of reusing water of course. We had multiple level water restrictions throughout many cities in Australia I don’t know if any of you traveled in Australia at that time you would see grades 1 to 6 on water restrictions and we also had police patrols going around with cars branded with water police to get the message out there. And that in itself whether they fined anyone or not was enough of a message to get through to people that you know, don’t waste water.

We had multi-media campaigns such as: Water for Life and the Smart Water Campaign which some of our cities and state departments ran which were very effective at getting that message across graphically on television, on the web and in billboards and you name it they had an ad there to get that message across. My own organization CORE ran some programs Healthy Gardens that targeted the gardening public about water minimization we promote the use of recycled composite mulches for instance and there’s a direct link to water with that so we leveraged off that and there were some water rebates available. So we were able to incentive bate people to buy there mulches and compost cheaper by having the water rebate available to them. We also targeted the parks and gardens and sporting field fraternity as well with similar programs on that as well.

The NGO’s had a range of programs as well in Australia, Smart Water that is one of the sponsors today, a small sponsor. They sponsor competitions and awards for water utilities about innovation and water minimization and so on. We educated households that take 7 minute showers for instance and I know many resourceful couples that would pool there 7 minute shower and have a 14 minute shower together and you understand why that program was very popular. As a result of all these measures our water consumption rate dropped considerably and that’s been mentioned today already there’s plenty of documentation there. What about water use? Reuse I should say. We use to ban rain barrels in Australia because of the concern about atmospheric and pollution and acid rain and everything else. The regulators dropped that ban during the drought and let people have rain barrels or water tanks as we call them in Australia but there’s some concerns with that, that water isn’t treated and I think we got to run an education program on the use of that water as much as educating about saving water or putting the rain barrels in. I will come back to that in a while on how we addressed that. We established some major storm water harvesting projects some of the ones in Australia my organization has been involved with putting in place for more than 10 years now and they were designed to educate the decision makers and policy makers as much as it was to educate the general public but I must say in that area I think we’ve failed because we’ve had little uptake or little adoption of those types of systems so far, even though we are hitting in another number of ways. So educating policy and decision makers I think is one of the keys to it to get action quicker than what we’ve been able to get in 10 years. One of the major reasons for this I believe is the perceived lack of funding or lack of resources. And I know Hank spoke about the ability for the private sector to marshal funds and so on to be able to put on the table to develop projects and we have

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enormous funds in super funds in Australia and even union funds in Australia that could go to investing into water infrastructure that can create massive amount of jobs as well.

Many of the storm water projects though that haven’t failed they have given us very good longitudinal results some of these systems are been in for as I said more than 10 years before the Olympic Games were held in Australia even. So we have very good robust physical demonstration of how these projects can work out over many years. We also have desalination projects and I know that’s a very polarized discussion even here in the United States. I’m not an advocate for desalination however I believe that its one of the tools in the tool kit that we need to have to insure that we’ve got water for the future. I just think that we’ve got to address the energy side of it a bit more closely and try and make sure that they are not just going to create one problem solving another.

We also ran some industry programs targeting various industry sectors that were high water usage and we worked with them from a technological point of view in putting in technology that could help reduce their water needs and also encourage reuse as well.

So where to from here? Rest on our laurels I don’t think so, not that we will end up back where we started from and people will start using the same amount of water again but I think there will be more people using water in population growth in cities in particular. So I think it’s very important that we don’t rest on our laurels and keep on with the education campaign and squeeze out even more awareness of keeping water use down. (I’m down to 2 minutes) So what’s the answers? I talk a lot about storm water I just wanted to give you some of the advantages of harnessing storm water on a large scale. Firstly, you can upgrade drainage systems at the moment, voided infrastructure around the world is running in trillions of dollars part of that is drainage and a lot of that has to do with localized flooding issues and a lot of other things as well. You can supplement existing water supplies by capturing and treating water and providing it back right outside the house the front of their house in other words you don’t need to pump it from our reservoir or a holding tank. You can run systems along the roads as I said and that gives people access to it right at the front of their properties. By treating storm water you are reducing pollution significantly going into our waterways. You see trash and that going into our water but you don’t see the invisible pollutants like metals, hydrocarbons which are carcinogenic and nutrients as well as discussed earlier today. You can improve community and create lots of jobs as I said. Involving water utilities we talked about the money side of it, I believe this is a great opportunity for water to utilities instead of having their revenues declined while you are putting in conservation programs you can give them an alternate funding source by getting them to actually buy differential pricing of captured storm water and treated storm water while being able to provide that back to the community at a differential price. And then you leave the water that is there in the rivers and that for people up stream that are affected by it such as farmers or remote communities for instance. So who pays for it as I said there is plenty of money tied up in super funds and union funds and I’m going to have a great talk to Hank after the session on how we may be able to put some things together as well.

Just and lastly, that’s a guaranteed investment that water is a necessity for life its not a trend, its not going to go away, I reckon its one of the most guaranteed investments there are in the world if you amortize that over a 20 year period in the city that’s a very small pay back and imagine how much water is going to be in 20 years time. In Australia it’s going up 15% per annum. So on that

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note I would like to thank everybody for letting me present today here and also invite you to be part of trying to come up with some innovative solutions. Thank you.

PW: Thank Chris, as Chris points out being the last panelist after 26 other panelists is a challenging time and it’s particularly difficult when you consider that I’m the only thing between you and happy hour on a Friday. So I probably deserve that though because a little different than all the other panelists I’m a bit of an odd man out or odd person out. All the other panelists were invited as panel members and panel guests. But I asked to be on this panel and I asked my dear friend Jim Thebaut who I have known for many, many years served on the Board of the Adult Literacy organization that I run. And Jim I know Jim from a long time ago actually back when he ran for Major in Seattle and he lost but he ran a great campaign. And I think that his work in furthering this issue was one that really galvanized some of my interests and so I talked to Jim and I said you know Jim this is a critical issue but talking about partners and new partners I think I have something to bring to this table and I think its something that folks here probably haven’t heard before. And Jim got that and he said to me, well I do get it but I want you to talk to Jennifer I think he figured that he needed somebody else to validate this and so I had a conversation with Jennifer and at the end of it she was quite honest with me and she said, you know Peter I really didn’t see how you were going to have a link on this panel. But at the end of that conversation, she said I get it. And I hope in my few remarks that I’ll have the chance to be able to let you get it too, because I think it is a really important piece. And I’m lucky because it really does build on the discussions that we’ve had earlier. I’m a little concerned Stefan though because I sat down here and right at my place you already had put the three minute note here so I wasn’t sure how much time I really had. But let me just tell you…oh here is the two minute warning coming up again.

The, I operate an organization called ProLiteracy and we do adult and family literacy work and on the one hand we have nothing to do with water and on the other hand we have everything to do with water and with water issues. And I want to tell you its kind of ironic because one of your great champions Paul Simon had many great passions but he had two in particular, one more recently was water and water issues and his other great passion was literacy, adult literacy. Globally and in the United States and we operate extensively in the US and we also operate in 53 countries around the world. And my message to you I think is key to all of our successes and it really begins that if we only focus on the policy issues associated with water we are not going to be successful in doing what we want and what we need to do. And that is because as Dave Winder pointed out early in his remarks of the 900 million people who don’t have access to healthy, clean water. Virtually all of those 900 million and in fact many more have practically no basic literacy skills and function at the absolute lowest educational levels in the world. So what do we do to insure and what can we do to help insure that we are able to convey on key messages that are going to be implemented by a segment of that population that (a) is not going to have the ability to be able to carefully use materials, training even new practices that they are not going to be able to implement at the local level without basic literacy skills. Well, I think there are three things that we must do to insure that there are some inclusion with this population and it will be key to the kind of partnerships that we need to forge between educational organizations, health organizations, and water organizations. The first is that policy makers need to take into consideration the literacy levels of the areas at the local, regional and national areas where they are working in. The material that I’ve seen today and as good as it is - is still enormously complex most of the training materials, most of the behavioral things that you have put out and

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work here does not work well with some of the communities in indigenous populations that we are engaged in. It needs to be very carefully looked at and as you look at that material and you want to begin to develop a constituency that’s going to help support you, particularly at that lower level you need to think through those literacy levels. It’s going to require some different approaches to some different vehicles and an integrated plan for solutions to some of those problems.

The second is public awareness efforts, materials, promotions, collateral they need to take into consideration all of those literacy levels but also the ability to be able to utilize those individuals who are being deprived of water and how to build up that constituency. Every major movement in the world has always been successful as a result of investing the constituents who were affected and so the strategies need to begin to be looked at how you begin to develop that kind of a movement in country, in localities or in regions and how you can go about engaging individuals most affected with that.

And then finally, organizations like ours ProLiteracy Educational Organizations need to insure that in fact we are plugged into what’s critical for your purposes in terms of communicating about water and the water challenge.

You know we recognized long ago that we were more than a literacy organization we are a social change organization and as such what we begin to do is to imbed in all the literacy work that we do education about key issues. And what is one of those? Water and this was I think the selling point for Jim and for Jennifer and why I thought it was important. Our manuals when we look at them we have three of them that are specifically about literacy but what do they teach? One of the chapters is clean water for life. How do we identify discussion questions around what sustains, why water is important for sustaining? Why is clean water important? What are key words you want to learn? Water, sustain, life, grow, contaminant, expose, germs and we begin to imbed your issues in the instructional curriculum we heard that earlier in what’s going on in Colorado and Dave Winder talked about also in terms of the educational kinds of issues. But so we begin to teach with these kinds of key words, carrying water. Here’s one we talked about where discussion questions how much time do women spend in your community each day carrying water? We heard a lot of that? And here’s the next question, why don’t more men help carry water? And it builds in key issues that are beginning to develop key behavioral and social changes in those communities. And our organization and other organizations like ours can help you do that. And we talk about catching rain water and conserving water using again terms like crop, yield, drip, irrigation, evaporation, avoiding dirty wells, uncovered, opening, collapse, safety, cleanliness, protect, casing, covering, purify and boiling. All of the things which are indigenous to what you know but particularly for individuals for that billion people who can not read and write well enough to understand these, this begins to develop an integrative program of education and of safe and better water and better water acquisition.

So these three things aren’t hard to do and so I just leave you with those. I want you to remember that the policy considerations need to take into consideration the literacy levels that all the public awareness efforts also have to take into consideration literacy levels and engage the individuals associated with that. That the literacy efforts that are taken on by organizations and many like us from those run by AID to the smallest programs run in country need to build in issues around water and water cleanliness and water issues. You know there’s the old pogo cartoon I know Paul Simon would have agreed this and the old saying was, I have met the enemy

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and he is us. And there was a little comment that happened at lunch that Mr. Fishman talked about in his book and he said on the blog getting ready for this there was some discussion about is this a little bit of a too inbred group and too many people talking here together. Well I kind of forced my way in the door and you need to get more people like me here and so I guess the challenge I would have to you Jim as wonderful as this is, is to get more people who are outside of this field here and listening to this message and we will begin to carry some of that water and we will begin to do that for you. You know John Paul Getty once said that success is easy, rise early, work hard, strike oil. And you know you folks have been rising early and working hard a lot and the real key is to strike water and I would like to help you do that and I appreciate the opportunity to be here. And we won’t go away and I look forward to working with all of the folks to see how we can be able to offer a little bit more to the whole cause, so thank you very much.

RP: So let’s hear it from our entire panel thank you very much. So it was my destiny to make sure that this panel actually allowed for more than two questions. So we do have time, so why don’t we go ahead with at least a few questions. I guess here in the purple.

Audience Question: My name is Leslie Gabriel and I’m host of a radio show called, And So It Flows and we are the only show for H2O on the entire planet and on Itunes and you can listen to it worldwide. Also a blogger at: watermanblog.com and my, one concern I have around the whole marketing aspect is finding ways for people to come Carole was touching on this a little bit to come to value water. And its not so much you know coming to a place like being mandated to love your water, but coming to a place to appreciate water for what it provides. So on our radio show we dedicate most of the show to music and you will find music in every genre, every genre classical, hip hop, punk, grunge, country western you know you got it all there’s got to be a water reference and it could be tears, beer, rivers, floods you name it its in there, Kentucky Rain with Elvis. So one of the things to do is like finding ways to reach people to get beyond the what I consider the mortgage seminar complex that we have in explaining it and inspire people into action. Finding ways where people will say my God water is awesome. It’s great I love it and when you love something you take care of it naturally, you love your mom you take care of her. (What’s the question) So the question, it isn’t so much a question it’s a contribution so its not so much of a question. When are we going to start to look outside the box to inspire people perhaps creating concerts for water, perhaps finding ways to bring people into a place of action.

AF: We value things that cost more water has been too cheap. The Metropolitan Water District for instance didn’t raise rates until last year, and they raised them very high because they needed to do infrastructure and I think the problem has been with water entities that water is too cheap, because we would value it if it cost more money like we do oil.

DB: Well I think what he’s getting at though is that people should value it at any price. Obviously, free is not an appropriate price but when you look at a community as big as the City of Las Vegas different people respond to different things. I had a neighbor when I lived in Albuquerque that said why should I save water? And I went through this whole bit about the aquifer and the recharge rates and all these things that were going on in Albuquerque and he goes, yeah that’s just not working. I said well you’ve got a five year old son and the things we are doing today are going to be things that decide whether he has to deal with these problems or whether we have helped solve them, whether we leave a legacy of waste, a credit card mentality

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or whether he feels like he has the same opportunities or better opportunities. Bomb sold he was 100% for it and so you have to have polyhedral messaging to be able to appeal to different people some people it’s all about the wallet, other people its future generations, someone else it could be about the quality of the environment they live in right now. And so you can’t sadly you can hit everybody in the heart you have to hit some of them in the wallet, some of them in the heart, some of them in the mind and they respond to that. Some will never respond there are deadbeats that I don’t care what message you give them they will always be freeloading off of the efforts of other people in the community.

CB: I’ll just build on what Doug said, one of the things with all the research that we did with people in Texas it wasn’t saving money that would make them conserve, it wasn’t, one lady thought you know science had figured out how to make bottled water so they’d probably com up with a way to make more water for us so Texas wouldn’t run out. That’s when we knew we were in big trouble but the highest thing in what would it take to get you to conserve the water was saving it for the children and the grandchildren. That was and I was really that was uplifting to see that but somehow we are going to have to build on that message to make sure they understand did they really mean it and if they do can they help us to get there. So that was I forgot to mention that earlier but that was the highest rated one.

Response to Question: You know the other issue that I think is a challenge here is that I think the average person in the United States they see water as a human right. And that you have got to somehow get on the other side of that particular view, I don’t think that’s the case globally but it’s taken for granted and it’s a human right and don’t even begin to think about taking it away.

Audience Question: My name is Fatimora Grego and I represent the International Presentation Association. My question is to Mr. Henry and you talked about economic opportunity I come from India and it has been a long civil society struggle a long struggle from the civil society against Coca Cola company and the people have no water to drink and the Coca Cola company deplete the underground water and pollute the environment what are your thoughts on that. Thank you.

HH: Well it’s a great question and I don’t work for Coca Cola but I’ve worked with them on a number of projects and what I can say is that the that I know that the problems that existed in Kerala where a Coca Cola plant had the water supply cut off and there was a lot of disappointment and criticism and unrest about that I think was a real wake up call to them. And all I know is that what they’ve been doing the last few years is impressive they’ve even talked about and I think this is right but I’m sure you can read it, they’ve talked about a known impact approach to their business meaning that if they go to a community and they remove water for their products that they will undertake projects that will at least equal that amount of water. Now obviously they need to be I think they intend to be accountable for that but so the two points I would make is: one, its appropriate to criticize appropriate criticism is always an important part of the whole process. But I also believe you know this is my view I believe that large corporations recognize their vulnerability from a number of perspectives from a risk standpoint as they assess their risks that water is a very important risk factor for them in the markets in which they serve and so I think they are all taking it more seriously. They all have catching up to do based on prior track records but I do think that while its appropriate to criticize its also appropriate to go to them

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and give them proposed objectives and goals for them because I think they are more open to it then they use to be because they see the connection between their long term economic survivability what they often call their license to operate and their responsibility in dealing with resources whether its energy, water or other community resources. So I think it’s an appropriate area for debate and I think it’s an area where as an investor I look at these companies as people who are investing more and more in some of these solutions but we all have a ways to go that’s for sure.

Audience Question: Yes, thank you I’m from the community of Harlem and also the Ambassador of Good Will. Life is, water is life, life is precious, life is Godly coming out of the 4th

World Conference for least development countries in Istanbul Turkey here at the United Nations. When do you see rolling out best practices for the community at large? I thank you

Response to Question: I think I can speak for Jim and Jennifer that a part of what today is about is distilling what those best practices are and coming up with a blueprint that this body can then help embrace and support and promote and that’s and Jim has a better idea of the timeline but the timeline is short.

Audience Question: Thank you for the opportunity and thank you for this wonderful forum. My name is Olga Morales I come from New Mexico I’m also the National Drinking Water Advisory Council Chair. Just recently appointed to that position, one of the things that has caught my attention in the different discussions is the fact that we have heard from the very large entities and very large companies on issues related to water and we have talked about the international issues due to the scarcity of water. But we can not ignore the fact that in the United States we have 90% of the water utilities provide to less than 10,000 population of 10,000 and there are many areas in our country where we have people who are hauling water just like they do in India and Africa and other areas. I worked the Colinas area which is down by the Mexican border and we still till this day we have people that are hauling water to provide for their families so let’s not forget that in our own back yard we have some of these issues to address. The other thing as a technical assistance provider specifically working with small rural systems one of the things that concerns me is that we are talking about allocating resources to develop utilities infrastructure systems in other countries but one of the things we need to expand our view and the possibility to make it right because we haven’t done it right in the United States and a lot of cases is the infrastructure needs to be looked at and thought of as more than the actual infrastructure that goes into the ground we need to develop the community infrastructure to sustain and to maintain those utilities over the long term. We have most of our systems in the United States have been developed in the 1930’s and 1940’s they have by far exceeded the life expectancy and we don’t have the resources to replace those systems. We are losing a lot of the water on the ground because the systems especially small rural utilities do not have the capacity to support it. So if we are going to translate that model lets perfect it. The other thing is my last comment to all of you panels and to the organizers is that conservation it’s really not the solution when we have developers waiting for some of consumers to conserve so they can further develop. So when we create sustainability lets put the policy lets create the policy so that those resources are indeed sustainable over the long term. Thank you.

SP: I am sorry that’s about all that we have time for I know there are some questions unanswered and hopefully we in this panel at least we got to more questions than the previous

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panels we are not competitive with them. At this time I would like to thank the entire panel and also call up Jim and Jennifer for some closing remarks and I think it would be appropriate for us to thank Jim and Jennifer publicly as well.

JT: Well this is I just want to make a point a couple of points this is just the beginning this is not just a one day event and then everybody goes off and well that was kind of interesting goes home and what’s next. That was never the idea of this. And I’m going I would like Jennifer and Stefan to talk about what the next step is in relationship to this. I also would like my friend Eric Web to discuss kind of give his overview as well as well as the moderator for the two panels this morning. So that’s kind of what I want to do in this brief wrap up. But before that I want to thank those who have agreed to work with me on making this happen. Harold I really appreciate your being a partner on this and creating the venue in your organization. I appreciate it this could never have happened if you hadn’t helped me out. Thank you.

Jennifer this lovely lady has worked night and day she has helped me out considerably and she did it totally voluntarily and I just my heart goes out to you, you are just a lovely lady and are just a delight to work with. I could go on and on and on about how terrific this lady is, she is really, really terrific and a delight to work with.

JRC: Thank you like wise obviously this is an easy cause to stand up for and to take an interest in, the interest is everyone’s. As every speaker has spoken today they’ve just helped paint a picture of what an incredible opportunity we have here to really take all the information in this room as you were saying Peter you’re a visitor in terms of not having worked specially with water before but everyone of course is an expert on water, as Charles mentions in his book, Charles Fishman. Its now our opportunity to collect the thoughts that everyone has shared today and disseminate those and the second part of the session today the afternoon we’re hoping to deliver on the promise to develop and implement a public education and branding strategy. We’ll do that with the inputs from everyone who has spoken today and including some members of the audience those were very valued added comments at the end there and we hope not to have this be the end of the conversation of those who were gathered here today. Over the next weeks and months, we do have information on everyone who has registered here for this event and we would like to continue this dialog so for those of you who have registered we please expect to hear from us we’d like to as we develop a strategy that’s based on the inputs today, we’d like to bounce those ideas off you as we move forward. So please do expect to carry on this conversation.

JT: And one other aspect of this its going to require funding to do this and we can talk all about these wonderful things that we can do but money is the mothers as I mentioned earlier mother’s milk of getting any of these things done and so we’re going to have to start networking out there in the hinterlands of the world and start getting funding to be able to do this because you know every 15 seconds a child dies and that is inexcusable and we’ve got to save those little ones out there and we have to really and we are moving towards 2050 where there’s going to be 9.4 Chris you said you even heard the 10 word the other day. We are going to have a population that’s unprecedented and it’s going to and we can overlay all the problems we have today ten fold so if we don’t implement the important public policies and strategies on how to deal with the future I think everything is going to look, very, very dim. And so it is really important and it’s going to require a team effort to make this thing happen. Eric would you say a few words?

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EW: It was a great privilege for me today and an honor to sit on the podium with the participants in the two panel sessions with whom I was able to associate. They are people that I deeply respect they helped us I think a little bit to understand somewhat about the degree of interconnectedness of the types of water, the water problems that we have and frankly, they helped remind me of how complicated that part of the system is. We also talked to some degree about the solutions to the problems, the actual implementation activities but as I listened to the panel what I came to understand is that sometimes the best thing that one can learn in a session like this is how to ask the right question. And the questions that came to my mind were really two. What do we want the public and our leaders to understand about this water problem in very specific terms? I heard lots of elements of the message of what we want them to understand but I’m not sure we yet have a comprehensive understanding of what it is we need to know, and what the public needs to know. I hope that part of the goal of the strategy that will be developed will be to understand that if you will, level of understanding. The second is what percentage of our people, what proportion of our population, what proportion of our leadership need to understand that message to reach a tipping point before where actions will be natural for us as a community as opposed to something where we are currently working so hard up hill against all of these issues. And so those will be the two questions that I will carry as we work forward with Jim and with Jennifer and the rest of you to understand our strategies we move forward.

JT: In thanking Harold and everything I also obviously want to include Dennis and your team I really appreciate everything that you’ve done, thank you very deeply. Charles Fishman would you like to come up here and describe the six items that you think that can be accomplished. Would you like to do that we’ve got a few minutes. Or you can do it down there if you want but why don’t you come up here where every one can see you. Come on you can do it by heart and by the way I just wanted to remind everybody that at 5:30 we are going to have a reception in the delegates dining room is that what we call it, yes the delegates dining room so please come so we can all talk with each other.

CF: Hi there welcome to the end. I think somewhere during the day today all water problems have been solved. I talked to a subset of this group at lunch, I’m an author my name is Charles Fishman, I’m just a Story Teller a Journalist. There was an illusion before I came to talk I read about this event there was a comment on a blog posting a couple of weeks ago about this Water Forum. And the comment basically said, oh wow you guys are getting together again isn’t that cool didn’t you all see each other about 3 weeks ago, maybe it was in Austin or Geneva another Water Conference, pretty much the same old cast, isn’t it nice you guys get together and talk to each other. Public awareness, oh this time we are talking about public awareness how will you all create public awareness by sitting in a conference room in Manhattan, talking to each other. And I to be honest thought the comment was a little snarky and a little unfair I’m just a journalist but everybody that I have met here today and listened to is actually out there solving water problems that are hard to solve every day. We heard a lot about the hard part but I also thought that there was something to the comment which is that no matter what you are doing even if you really are pushing the boundaries of finding new ways to get water to people you need to make sure you are always able to step out of your own conventional thinking. So just inspired by that snarky blog post, I decided to come up with a few totally wild ideas straight out of my head these are not intended to be practical. But ways of solving water problems just to inspire us not to do these things but to think in all new ways about how to solve water problems and Jim for some reason thinks this is a good way to wrap up.

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So here are six completely impractical ideas at least that cranky blogger who might actually be in the room unless we wore him out and he left, can’t say that there weren’t some new ideas offered. They are not practical ideas. The first is, the US created the Peace Corps 50 years ago wouldn’t it be nice if we created a Water Corps, just young people spending a year just solving water problems. We could also, idea number two have a Water Corps of water professionals people who work in the water industry, there already alluded to 56,000 water utilities in the United States alone, people on loan from Veolia or GE Water or IBM Water or Siemans Water for six months to go out into the field and actually solve water problems for a focused community and then come back to the corporation with a different perspective on water problems.

I think it would be wonderful if the developed world countries would import dirty water from the villages and rural communities where people actually drink in it and bathe it and we could put that imported dirty water in bottles on grocery store shelves with a label that said something like, here what’s your fellow mothers in pick a country, India, Somalia, Bangladesh are giving to their children tonight. Maybe we could use the revenue to actually solve the problems in the places where the water came from.

I thought it would be cool to have a dollar a month check off on your water bill, if you just did it in the United States to again pick a place and solve the water problems of that place. So you could voluntarily offer an extra dollar a month on your water bill collected by the water utility. There a hundred million homes in the US if only a quarter of them participated that’s 300 million dollars in revenue a year and every month I would get a report on my water bill of progress solving the water problem that that money was going to. That’s such a wild idea that after my lunch talk the folks from the UK came up and told me that in the UK they do it already.

How about a website www.watersolutions.com unfortunately that’s actually taken by a water company, but I bet you we could make them an offer, where a collection of stories, guidance, case histories about every water problem and how it’s been solved. In fact thousands of communities around the world developed world, developing world, least developed world have tackled water problems of all kinds and solved them and the thing that I have found as a sort of gatherer of stories about water and a story teller about water is people are really hungry or thirsty to understand how other people have solved their problem. You simply go to the website with your water problem if you are the leader of water in Cincinnati Ohio or Miami Florida or in a village in Asia punch in your three key words and a bunch of case studies pop up that tell you how to solve those water problems. Most water problems in fact are solvable with the resources and the water and the intelligence available right in the community where they are happening. What people need to know is how someone else did it. And by the way, if you do that on the internet you could have a little button next to the case study that says, this is my water problem I want to apply for funding from that US Water Bill Fund to get my water problem solved and then you could ask for the money right then.

And then the afternoon was suppose to be about how to develop a marketing and branding campaign about water someone asked the question, who needs to know what’s the question people should ask and I came up with a very simple direct slogan, which is: Water First, Water First, before you build me a highway and give me high speed internet access and cell phone service which most people in the world now have access to all those things but 40% of the people don’t have access to clean safe drinking water every day or have to walk to get it. In the

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headquarters where the governments of the world come together to solve problems how about Water First, how about unleashing the health and economic opportunity of Water by making sure everybody has water to drink.

So those are my six completely absurd ideas, what I heard today I thought was mostly optimistic the complexity aside, the thing that I learned traveling around the world talking to people about water is water problems unlike many other complicated global problems, water problems are solvable. Almost everything we heard on all of these panels today was about the kind of human bureaucratic institutional difficulty of solving the water problems. Yes there are places that don’t have water, there are places that don’t have money, there are places that don’t have resources, but the scale of water problems is right at the community level right at the human level and that’s the good news, we can actually solve this problem. Anyway I have had a great time being here today, thank you all.

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APPENDIX 2

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APPENDIX 2

Christian Holmes Remarks

Introduction: Speaking on behalf of the U.S. Agency for International Development, it is a privilege to be at this important event addressing the need for building a global awareness and crafting an education campaign aimed at global water needs. I look forward to the discussion by the distinguished panelists on potential solutions to the myriad of water issues facing developed and developing countries alike.

In my comments, I plan to help set the stage for the panel on global water issues by briefly outlining some of the key challenges we face. I will also discuss the overall approach which the United States Government is undertaking to meeting these challenges. In addition, our conference organizer, Jim Thebaut, has also asked me to provide some thoughts on, as he put it, “… why should people in developed countries care about the water crisis in the developing world.”

Before progressing further on what is a vast subject, let me first begin with an anecdote.

Earlier this week, the national television news carried a story about a man being rescued by a group of people. A car had run over a motorcyclist, car and motorcycle burst into flames, and the motorcyclist was trapped under the car. The news clip showed how one individual walked up to the burning wreckage and tried to lift up the entire car. Subsequently a number of people joined in, lifted the car up, and pulled the severely injured man to safety.

I was fascinated by the story, not just because of the good news, but also because as I watched the story, my mind flashed to other acts of courage. This news story has a great deal relevance to our challenge to build global awareness and education. The story appeals to the deep interest the public has in crises which they can relate to, the courage of one individual inspiring others to be equally courageous, success, the saving of a life, and recognition of such courage and impact.

In the water sector, many of the organizations represented in this room today do just that every day-- demonstrate courage, operate in dangerous conditions, inspire and mobilize others and save lives. Yet, rarely do such stories make it to the evening news.

I realize we're not concerned today with a spot news campaign, per se, but we are concerned with how we educate others to the threats which more than 1 billion people face on this planet due to inadequate water supply and quality and to the need to meet those threats. The story, I believe, that we want to convey again and again -- -- through a wide range of media -- -- is the plight which our fellow human beings face, the successful steps to be taken to meet the plight, the impact of not reaching out to our brothers and sisters, and what not only organizations but also individuals can do to reduce water related suffering.

So, let me first turn to the plight and solutions and then share with you some thoughts on how to engage others in the developed world to address this plight.

Water challenges and solutions:

The Obama Administration recognizes that development is vital to U.S. national security and is a strategic, economic, and moral imperative for the United States. And as Secretary Clinton has said, water security is a matter of economic security, human security and national security.

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Collectively, the United States, developing countries, other donors, NGOs, philanthropic organizations and other stakeholders face these realities:

• By 2025, as much as two-thirds of the world’s population could be living under water stress - conditions where water has become an impediment to socio-economic development.

• Over 800 million people around the world lack access to an improved water source, and 2.5 billion people lack access to improved sanitation. Lack of access to water, sanitation, and hygiene causes an estimated 2.1 million deaths every year.

• As demands for water increase, tensions over scarce water resources are likely to rise – both within and among countries. More than 260 river basins, home to over 40% of the world’s population, are shared by two or more countries.

• Women and children are disproportionately affected by water and sanitation challenges. They usually bear the primary responsibility for meeting the water needs of the family, foregoing other economic and educational opportunities.

• Compounding these problems will be the challenge of climate change. While the conditions will vary depending on the region, some regions will likely get water and some regions will get drier. Floods and droughts will become more frequent and severe.

• As we are seeing today, the worst drought in over half a century in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia has left over 12.7 million people in need of emergency assistance.

Response:

Regarding our approach to meeting these challenges, the goal of U.S. efforts is to increase water security: Ensuring that we have the water we need, where we need it, when we need it – in a reliable and sustainable manner – to meet human, livelihood, ecosystem and production needs while reducing the risks from extreme hydrological events.

Water does not stand by itself as an Administration initiative but as a key issue to be integrated across our diplomatic and development efforts to achieve Administration priorities on health, economic growth, food security, climate change, and peace and security.

To achieve this goal, the United States is working to: Improve hygiene and increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation; Improve water resources management; Increase the productivity of water; and Mitigate tensions associated with shared waters.

By:

Capacity building, institutional strengthening and policy/regulatory reform; Diplomatic engagement; Direct investments to meet immediate needs, build infrastructure, and mobilize

local capital; and Investments in science and technology.

In so doing, we seek to implement the Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act, which addresses meeting water and sanitation needs throughout the developing world. In that regard, during the period from FY 2003 through 2010, USAID provided either first-time access or

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improved access to drinking water supply to more than 50 million people, and USAID provided either first-time or improved sanitation to over 39 million people. Thus, over the past 8 years, USAID has, on average, provided almost ten (10) million people per year with access to either drinking water or sanitation.

Africa remains one of the world’s most pressing development challenges. Through President Obama’s three major development initiatives-- Feed the Future, the Global Health Initiative, and Global Climate Change Initiative-- we seek to meet long term development needs while also working to mitigate future humanitarian shocks. Feed the Future aims to address hunger and unlock the enormous potential of African agriculture as a driver of prosperity; the Global Health Initiative is saving millions of lives while building sustainable health systems; and the Global Climate Change Initiative is helping to address the potentially dire consequences of climate change on African ecosystems, food production, and economic development through assistance programs in climate change adaptation, clean energy, and sustainable land management. Working with the Adaptation Partnership, a global effort including over 20 developed and developing countries, we are collaborating with our African partners to bring together practitioners and policy-makers to address adaptation challenges ranging from access to climate services, to climate-smart agriculture and sustainable protection of marine areas. This year, the Apps4Africa program will host three African regional competitions to develop innovative ways to address local climate change challenges through the use of mobile technology. The United States recognizes that climate change is an urgent environmental, economic, and security issue, and we are committed to working with African countries to help adapt to a changing climate.

Our water programs play a critical role in Africa not only in meeting water supply and sanitation needs but also in enhancing our food, climate change, health and conflict mitigation efforts. For example, in Somalia, thousands have benefited from community water projects that have not only mitigated humanitarian needs but also prevented conflicts over resources; 47,000 students and their families have directly benefited from rehabilitated or newly constructed wells and boreholes near schools, and 41,000 have benefited from community water projects.

Elsewhere in the world, commitments to sustain water security include: • In Indonesia, USAID has begun a five-year, $34 million water, sanitation, and hygiene

project to reach more than 2 million of Indonesia’s urban poor. • USAID is opening a new office for the Pacific region (in Port Moresby, Papua New

Guinea) to manage $21 million for climate change assistance programs, including water security. For example, a project in Kiribati will improve the ability of communities in the outer islands to address the impact of climate change and variability on water resources – one of nine key areas identified by the government of Kiribati as an urgent and immediate need.

• USAID launched a project in Haiti to teach women about sanitation and hygiene so they could better take care of their households. And we are also supporting another project in India to provide slum dwellers in eight states with municipal water and sanitation systems.

• The Millennium Challenge Corporation signed a $275 million compact in October with Jordan, one of the five most water-deprived countries in the world, to improve water supply and waste water treatment.

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• In the Philippines, Japan and the United States have worked together to establish a water revolving fund to leverage private investment to improve water and sanitation for more than 100,000 people in 36 villages.

• To promote science and technology, we are supporting innovation in many places. To give just one example: USAID is working with NASA to use satellite images to monitor and forecast ecological changes in the Himalayas, including the monitoring of glacial melt.

Building Global Awareness:

Now, to turn to Jim's question “… why should people in developed countries care about the water crisis in the developing world”, let me suggest four key steps which we should all consider to build global awareness, develop and implement solutions.

1. The first step is to convey three messages. These are:

• The absence of water is a threat to the global family, there is a health, economic and personal security imperative to do something now. We need to convey that we are all part of each other, interwoven, existing within the same system, and that when one person suffers, we all suffer.

• The shortage of water has the potential to cause us all to suffer: water shortages exacerbate conflict, destabilize both countries and regions. Water shortages imperil the production of food which leads not only to malnutrition and starvation but also severely impacts commerce, local, national and international economies. Water shortages pose a particular threat to women who drop out of schools to help their families locate and carry water. In that search, which often takes them miles away from their communities, they face the prospect of assault, rape and death.

• Just like the individual and group of people who lifted the car, individuals and organizations on a daily basis demonstrate courage and achieve impact in meeting the water needs of millions of people.

2. The second step is to unleash the power of systems and partnerships.

• All of us in this room know that to meet global water and sanitation needs, as well as related food needs, nothing happens in a vacuum—we operate and deliver services within systems, and, one way or another, we are linked.

• Understanding the overall system in which we operate so as to provide life improving and saving services is a huge challenge in its own right. Operating within a successful system also entails sharing with each other the policies and knowledge that guide us, how policies, knowledge and practical experience come together, are linked to the overall local, national and regional systems in which we operate. If we do this, then we become more effective in making such critical linkages as that between community development of sustainable water resources and the empowerment and protection of women and children in search of water.

• A key element in making any system work is partnerships. At USAID, we are committed to supporting and entering into a wide range of partnerships to address the entire spectrum of water-related development needs. As one example, the Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) have created a unique partnership to address community water needs in developing

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countries around the world. Through the “Water and Development Alliance” (WADA), local USAID Missions and Coca-Cola system partners collaborate to contribute to protecting and improving the sustainability of watersheds, increasing access to water supply and sanitation services, and enhancing productive uses of water for hundreds of thousands of the world’s poor.

• Over the last year, while we continue to support such partnerships, we have also engaged on a new generation of partnerships targeted at asking and answering the tough questions which impede development. In this regard, to support promising new approaches in the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector, USAID, with co-funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, is announcing WASH for Life. Over the next four years, the $17 million partnership will use USAID’s Development Innovation Ventures (DIV) program to identify, test, and help scale evidence-based approaches for cost-effective and sustained services in developing countries. WASH for Life is particularly interested in interventions that operate in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, India, Kenya, and Nigeria; seeking to address issues in the sanitation and hygiene sectors in particular; and target beneficiaries earning under $2 a day.

3. The third step is to evaluate and implement what works.

• Since our objective is to leverage scarce dollars to help the greatest number of people most effectively, it is paramount that we know what works so that we can improve our performance in communicating success or failure to the public. Towards that end, this year USAID launched this year a new monitoring and evaluation policy with the objective to more rigorously and credibly document our programs’ effectiveness. In this regard, we require that evaluation teams be led by outside experts and that no implementing partner be solely responsible for evaluating its own activities. We will be transparent, registering all evaluations and disclosing findings as widely as possible, with standard summaries available on the website in a searchable form.

4. The fourth step is to apply information systems so as to enhance our ability both to understand and respond to both present and future situations.

• For example, early warning systems such as the USAID-supported Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWS NET) predicted drought in Africa and allowed donors to take quick action before the worst conditions set in. In those areas that were expected to be hit the hardest, USAID helped households with “commercial de-stocking”—selling off some livestock while the prices were still high, which helped families bring in enough income to feed themselves and their remaining livestock. USAID also pre-positioned significant amounts of food and non-food commodities and worked to rehabilitate wells before the worst drought conditions, preventing the need to launch expensive water trucking efforts in those regions.

In conclusion, I close with this brief observation: The challenge is not just to clearly understand and convey solutions and messages, it's also to apply the necessary leadership, communication approaches and passion to bring all this together to truly make a difference. I am firmly convinced we can meet that challenge.

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Jane Seymour Remarks

In 2004 Jim Thebaut asked me to work with him on educating the world about the severity of the global humanitarian water and sanitation crisis. I agreed to support the CHRONICLES GROUP RUNNING DRY PROJECT educational effort.

Early on in this far reaching and challenging endeavor I presented an on-camera "Call to Action"......And I deeply believe these words reflect the foundation and spirit of today's historical water education forum at the United Nations.

The global humanitarian water crisis is not only a security and economic issue, it's a moral issue. We need a global revolution in our approach to education to empower ourselves and our children, to think, to question, to act. Be a teacher and a student, and inspire everyone around you through your example. It is in within our power to transform ourselves. A few compassionate, concerned citizens can make an immense difference for all of humanity.

Take specific actions that will impact the institutions in your life. Speak out regarding the crisis whenever any forum presents itself. Write letters and emails, phone in questions and concerns, and support enlightened candidates for public office. There are amazing opportunities available to each of us for creating a healthy planet right now.

It is possible to have enough clean drinking water for everyone around the world. Each of us have our own interests, abilities and skills. Ask yourself, "what speaks to my heart." One thing we can and must do is to educate ourselves and those around us and inspire others. Enthusiasm is highly contagious. A small handful of people can change a nation, and through it the world.

In 2005, the original RUNNING DRY documentary became the genesis for the enactment of the SENATOR PAUL SIMON WATER FOR THE POOR ACT, which makes access to safe water and sanitation for developing countries a specific policy objective. It marked the beginning of a long-term process to develop and implement a strategy by the United States Government to confront the international water crisis.

In 2010 Members of Congress felt strongly the legislation needed to be strengthen in order to establish a goal of reaching 100,000,000 people with first time access to safe drinking water and sanitation on a sustainable basis by 2015 by improving the capacity of the United States to fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act.

The video you are about to experience presents the depth and dimension of The Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act.

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Malcolm S. Morris Remarks

In 1990 we were invited to Kenya by our best friends. The Howards were grieving the loss of their 18 month old child, Cade. Charles Howard said that he and his wife must do something for someone else and needed us to go to Africa with them. Ubuntu.

Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State once commented that it takes a village to raise a child. If you’ve been to Africa, you might understand that comment as children are carefully watched by the community.

Ubuntu is a term of the Zulu tribe of South Africa. Ubuntu refers to a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity. You only succeed because others help you succeed. Therefore, you are morally obligated to help others succeed. Not all will do so but those who do will be wise. Ubuntu.

How many of you in this room are trained water engineers? Not many. I have met doctors, lawyers, historians and literature majors here today. Yet many are here today because you have a desire to help others to succeed. Each of you has a sphere of influence different from any other.

While on that first trip to Mombassa, Kenya, I as a lawyer became acquainted with a fellow traveler, a well driller from Sugarland, Texas. God had given him a vision to bring water to a thirsty people without access to clean water. The government had locked up his drilling equipment. He needed a government relations lawyer. In law school I served as legislative aide to Texas Senator Charlie Wilson (Charlie Wilson’s War). Working together, we secured 150 government seals before the release the drilling equipment. Based on the water needs we witnessed on that trip, Living Water International was founded as a faith based organization that today provides water to ten and a half million people every day in 26 countries of the world. Ubuntu.

In South Africa, Colin Powell signed the Millennium Development Goals on behalf of the United States. I received a call from Washington and working with the administration, organized The Millennium Water Challenge - a 14 hour meeting in one day. The event was attended by over 400 delegates, including representatives of the White House and the UN, heads of public companies, oil company execs, foundations, and US NGO’s working in the field of water. The following day, we founded the Millennium Water Alliance with a goal of working together to develop standards for water quality, quantity, equipment, etc. and working with indigenous people to create replicable and sustainable model WASH projects in the developing world. Ubuntu.

Majority Leader Frist called and asked to set up a visit to water projects in Africa for a group of 6 US Senators. On their trip, the Senators learned the importance of water for the health of people and the importance of water for growing food. They returned from Africa, all convinced of the need for clean water if Africa was to succeed economically. They began sharing with their colleagues in the Senate. Later, the Majority Leader called and asked for a draft of a bill to address the water needs in the developing world. The Water, A Currency for Peace Act was drafted. Senator Frist assigned his incredible Chief of Staff Bill Hoagland to work on this. He pledged not to quit until the act passed. He then sent us to work with Congressman Earl Blumenauer who promised the same. Earl Blumenauer shepherded the bill out of the House as

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the Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 and Bill Frist substituted the language in its entirety for the Water for Peace Act where it was passed out of the Senate and President Bush signed the bill aboard Air Force One, making water a tenet to our US foreign policy. Ubuntu.

Dr. David Sabatini had a vision to establish a center for water and the first US Water Prize. He worked at Oklahoma University with a member of the Board of Stewart Information Services who put us in touch. Together we fleshed out a plan and ultimately the University of Oklahoma blessed the plan and established the OU WATER Center. Today it is THE center for water studies in the Central US. Dr. Sabatini uses his influence to train college and graduate students to meet the needs of others. Ubuntu.

Mr. Peter Beck of the Beck Companies wanted his employees to experience Ubuntu. He visited Living Water International and arranged for his employees to have an in the field experience changing the lives of villagers by implementing a WASH program in Central America. The Beck Company got back newly enthused employees who had learned the blessing of blessing others. They became a team. Beck established a lottery to select among its employees wanting to participate in a Living Water International WASH mission. Each team returns to share their experience with the entire company. Ubuntu.

Our 5 year old grandson went to Nicaragua where he participated in a WASH program for my 60th birthday. He then started first grade and his school was studying water under the ONE Program. He was able to share about the process of how our team had brought clean water to a school and how much the children of the school appreciated the clean water. The whole community had turned out to dedicate the well. He graduated from elementary school this year but each year his school has raised over $6000 to provide water to schools in developing countries. Ubuntu.

Each of you here today has a story to tell about water. Each of you is probably a part of a group of folks that share a mutual interest. Try to build a story line to explain the need for water in terms they can relate to. I prepared a story for President Bush. He’s a big baseball fan. We displayed a baseball diamond like you see on the screen. First base is labeled “Life”. No water – no life. Second base is labeled ‘Health” – 80 % of disease in developing countries is water borne or water related. Third base is “Education” – Dr. Peter Agre received a Nobel for identifying “aquaporins” – channels which carry water to each of the cells of our bodies. Without clean water the brain does not function well. “Home Plate” is jobs. Water is incorporated in creating products – no water – no jobs. And the “P” on the pitcher’s mound stands for Peace. Yes, provision of safe water yields peace. Get your group together, tell your story and decide what your group can do to contribute to this greatest of human needs. When you begin your discussions, don’t be deterred. Remember 3 phases as you begin your journey. Formin’, Stormin’ and Normin’. Form your group around friends with a common interest. Give each person equal time to express their thoughts and suggestions and then discuss each in your group. Finally, when you have all come together, it’s a time to normalize and decide on a strategy which your group will deploy and work on together. Set a goal. It does not have to be big or global. You can make a difference. I was fortunate to meet a wonderful group of students here today. I believe you want to make a difference in other’s lives and I believe you can. To those students and the many people in this room who I have had the great opportunity to work with and who have supported my own efforts – Ubuntu – I have learned from each of you and you have inspired me as I hope I have you.

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APPENDIX 3

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APPENDIX 3

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CHRONICLESG R O U P

The

A N O N P R O F I T C O R P O R A T I O N

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Tel: 310.521.0303 • Fax: 310.521.9360jimthebaut@chroniclesgroup.org

www.chroniclesgroup.org

JIM THEBAUTPresident