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Topic 1- Defining Development

Yunus:

Micro creditKingsbury:

Aid serves western interests (sort poverty to reduce risk of terrorism)Topic 2- Modernization

Bauer:

Foreign aid encourages greed of elites. Food aid reduces local prices. Aid demotivates population

Tonnies:

Gem-ein-schaft (Gemienscahft)= Traditional/ kinship/ religion Ges-ell-schaft (Gesellschaft)= Modern/ selfish/ impersonal relationships

Rostow:

Stages of development (key words)

1. Subsistence/ Patriarchy/ Ascription2. Western values/ Investment by TNCs3. Reinvestment/ Exports/ Wages TrickleDown4. Maturity/ Education/ Meritocratic5. Consumption

Parsons:

Need socially mobile workforceHoselitz:*

Meritocratic education= western values- spreads ideas URBANIZATION: cities loosen traditional ties and spread cultural change

Topic 3- Dependency

Frank:

West underdevelops nations

World Capitalist System- Metropolis/ Satellite countriesWallerstein:

World Systems Theory- must look at the world as a whole Countries move up/down a hierarchy Modern World System= Capitalism which is constantly evolving for profit

Roberts + Hite:

Solutions to dependency1. Break away from it:

Leave capitalism Leave at a weak time (recession/ war) Have a Socialist revolution

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2. Associate or Dependent development Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)make goods that would usually be imported

from West

Topic 4- Aid + Debt

Hancock:

White, western administrators of World Bank and IMF lords of povertyFOR Aid AGAINST Aid

Sachs:

Benefits when it is practical, targeted and

measurable

Cassen:

Bilateral aid:

Improves infrastructure Creates rural health schemes Credit schemes People centered projects

(See Bauer)

Erixon:

Aid is spent in the wrong way and supports bad

economic practices

Hunt:

Future of aid:1. Decline importance2. Advance neo-liberal agenda3. Prevent failure of global market

Topic 5- Population + Consumption

Malthus:

1798 Population increases faster than we can feed ourselves Natural checks Should delay from marriage and abstain from sex

Harrison:

Muslims and Catholics opposed to contraception Patriarchal control

Adamson:

Poverty= over population children are economic assets We should focus on over consumption of the West USA= 6% of world population consumes 40% of worlds resources

Topic 6- Gender

Mohanty:

Western feminists dont understand situation of women in developing world Simply see them as poor, ignorant and uneducated

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Foster- Carter:

TNCs dont save women from patriarchy are just a different form of exploitationTopic 7- Urbanization

(See Hoselitz*)

Cohen + Kennedy:* Global Cities:

In rich countries Headquarters of TNCs Global transport systems Political centers of power

GLOBALIZATION: a set of mutually reinforcing transformations Concept of time and space Economic markets (production in multiple countries Increasing cultural interaction Shared problems

Topic 8- Globalization

(See Cohen + Kennedy)

Cochrane + Pain

World is one big society1. Globalists Hyperglobalists Pessimistic globalists2. Traditionalists3. Transformalists

Ritzer:

McDonaldization1. Efficiency- assembly line2. Calculability- Max quantity/ min input3. Predictability- Standardization4. Control- deskilling with technology

Spybey- But this IS globalization- they do incorporate local culture, they work together