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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
Variables 2010 2011 Annual growth rate
%
Gross output (RM billion) 98.1 109.2 11.3
Intermediate input (RM billion) 11.1 16.1 45.1
Value added (RM billion) 87.0 93.1 7.0
Total persons engaged (number) 12,919 13,304 3.0
Salaries & wages (RM billion) 2.5 2.8 11.9
Value of fixed assets (RM billion) 141.2 146.5 3.8
Table 1 : Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2010 and 2011
1. Introduction
This publication presents data on the petroleum and natural gas mining industry for reference year
2011, based on the Annual Census of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Mining Industry conducted in
2012. Secondary data obtained from Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) are also presented in
this publication.
2. Overall performance
The share of the petroleum and natural gas mining industry to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in
2011, was 8.7 per cent (at constant 2005 prices), while the comparative figure in 2010 was
9.7 per cent. The performance of the petroleum and natural gas mining industry in Malaysia for
reference year 2011 as compared to 2010 which was obtained from the Census is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 showed the total value of gross output in 2011 was RM109.2 billion, an increase of
RM11.1 billion or 11.3 per cent from RM98.1 billion in 2010. The value of gross output is valued at
ex-well unit price. The value of intermediate input also recorded an increase of 45.1 per cent in
2011. Thus, value added, which is the difference between value of gross output and intermediate
input, increased by RM6.1 billion or 7.0 per cent. Total employment registered an increase of
385 employees or 3.0 per cent to record 13,304 as compared to 12,919 employees in 2010.
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
3. Employment
In 2011, the petroleum and natural gas mining industry recorded a total of 13,304 employees. The
distribution of full-time employees by category of workers and salaries & wages paid is shown in
Table 2. The largest category of workers is managerial and professional accounted for 57.8 per cent
(7,696 persons) of all employees in the reference year. They received the highest salaries & wages
at RM2.2 billion, or 77.4 per cent from the total salaries & wages paid. Meanwhile, 24.7 per cent or
3,282 were employed as technical and supervisory workers and 7.2 per cent or 958 were
clerical and related occupations.
Table 2 : Number of employees by category of workers, 2011
Category of workers
Employees Salaries & wages Average
annual salary
received per
employee
(RM) Number % (RM ’000) %
a. Managerial and professional
b. Technical and supervisory
c. Clerical and related occupations
d. General workers
e. Production/ operative workers directly employed
f. Production/ operative workers employed
through labour contractors
7,696
3,282
958
327
621
420
57.8
24.7
7.2
2.5
4.7
3.2
2,177,155
383,171
59,026
16,055
142,454
33,756
77.4
13.6
2.1
0.6
5.1
1.2
282,889
116,749
61,614
49,098
229,394
80,371
Total 13,304 100.0 2,811,577 100.0 211,333
The managerial and professional category also recorded the highest average annual salary of
RM282,889 followed by production/ operative workers directly employed (RM229,394), technical and
supervisory (RM116,749), and production/ operative workers employed through labour contractors
(RM80,371), as shown in Table 2.
The value of fixed assets owned in 2011 rose to RM146.5 billion, an increase of 3.8 per cent
compared to RM141.2 billion reported in the previous year. The largest capital expenditure incurred
was machinery and equipment, representing 46.6 per cent of total capital expenditure in the reference
year.
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
Nu
mb
er
of
pe
rso
ns
(%
)
Gender Post-graduate
University degree/
equivalent
Diploma / equivalent
STPM / equivalent
SPM / equivalent Total
Below SPM/SPMV
Male 682 4,734 1,608 1,335 1,515 10,046 172
Female 197 1,842 588 227 379 3,258 25
An analysis of employment by academic qualification as shown in Chart 1 indicates that the largest
group of employees were a university degree holders or equivalent with 49.4 per cent, followed by
diploma or equivalent, 16.5 per cent and SPM or equivalent, 14.2 percent. In terms of employment by
gender, male employees were significantly dominant constituting 75.5 per cent (10,046 persons) of
total employment while the remaining 24.5 per cent (3,258 employees) were females. Males
employees also dominated the industry at every level of qualifications (Chart 1) .
As shown above, male employees with university degree or equivalent were the highest, accounted
for 72.0 per cent (4,734 persons) as compared with 28.0 per cent (1,842 persons) of female
employees.
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
Barr
el (m
illio
n)
Source : PETRONAS
MMSCF: Million Standard Cubic Feet
Year
Product
2009
2010
2011
Annual percentage change
Crude oil (million barrel) 240 233 207 (3.1) (10.7)
Natural gas (MMSCF) 2,119 2,159
2,165 1.9 0.3
2010 2011
MM
SC
F
4. Production of crude oil, condensate and natural gas
The performance of production of crude oil and natural gas for the period 2001 to 2011 is shown in
Chart 2. Production of crude oil peaked to 279 million barrels in 2004 and dropped to
257 (-8.0 per cent) and 243 (-5.2 per cent) million barrels in 2005 and 2006 respectively. However,
in 2007 and 2008, production of crude oil increased by 2.4 and 1.1 per cent respectively. In 2009, it
decreased by 4.5 per cent from 252 million barrels in 2008. In 2010 and 2011, it continued to
decline by 3.1 per cent and 10.7 per cent respectively as compared to the previous year. On the
other hand, production of natural gas shows a positive upward trend since 2001 and peaked in
2008. However, in 2009 it decreased by 1.7 per cent and subsequently rose by 1.9 per cent in 2010
to record a production of 2,159 million standard cubic feet (MMSCF). In 2011, it continued to
increase by 0.3 per cent to record 2,165 MMSCF.
Notes: Total production of crude oil refers to the production of crude oil and condensate, while the total production of natural gas includes associated natural gas and non-associated natural gas.
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
The largest import commodity in 2011 was petroleum products with a value of RM32.7 billion
(57.7 per cent) followed by imports of crude petroleum, RM24.0 billion (42.3 per cent).
Australia, India, Thailand and Japan were the major buyers of crude petroleum from Malaysia in
2011. Australia was the biggest importer of crude petroleum from Malaysia with a share of
31.4 per cent. This was followed by India (18.8 per cent), Thailand (16.6 per cent) and Japan
(7.5 per cent), as shown in Chart 3.
Australia
Thailand
India
Other countries
Japan
Total : RM32.5 billion
China
Chart 3 : Malaysia’s exports of crude petroleum by country, 2011
5. Exports and imports of petroleum-based products
As shown in Table 3, exports of petroleum-based products (including re-export) in 2011 amounted to
RM117.5 billion or 16.8 per cent of total exports in Malaysia. Liquefied natural gas was the largest
export commodity accounted for RM52.0 billion (44.3 per cent) in 2011. Meanwhile, the exports of
petroleum products registered a value of RM33.0 billion (28.1 per cent) and crude petroleum was
RM32.5 billion (27.6 per cent).
Table 3 : Exports and imports of petroleum-based products, 2011
Product Exports (RM billion) Imports (RM billion) % %
a. Crude petroleum
b. Petroleum products
c. Liquefied natural gas
32.5
33.0
52.0
24.0
32.7
-
27.6
28.1
44.3
42.3
57.7
-
Total 117.5 56.7 100.0 100.0
Source : External Trade Statistics, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
6. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
In 2011, Japan remained as the largest importer of liquefied natural gas from Malaysia registered
68.3 per cent of the total exports of this commodity as shown in Chart 5. This was followed by
Taiwan and Republic of Korea which registered 15.5 per cent and 11.6 per cent respectively.
As shown in Chart 4, Saudi Arabia and Qatar were the two primary exporter countries of crude
petroleum to Malaysia, accounting for 38.4 per cent, followed by Vietnam (15.1 per cent) and Gabon
(12.1 per cent).
Chart 4 : Malaysia’s imports of crude petroleum by country, 2011
Gabon
Saudi Arabia
Vietnam
Other countries
Total : RM24.0 billion
Iran
Qatar
Australia
United Arab Emirates
Chart 5 : Malaysia’s exports of liquified natural gas by country, 2011
Japan 68.3%
Republic of Korea 11.6%
Taiwan 15.5%
Total : RM52.0 billion
Other countries
4.6 %
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
7. Monthly average price of crude oil, 2011
Chart 6 illustrates the monthly average price and cumulative average price of crude oil recorded in
2011. Throughout the year the monthly average price per barrel of crude oil shows a volatile trend.
The lowest average price of crude oil was USD94.13 per barrel recorded in January 2011. The
average price of crude oil reached its peak in April 2011 with the value of USD124.07 per barrel.
8. Usage of ICT
The usage of ICT in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry is crucial because it involves the
use of high technology systems in performing the extraction of crude oil and natural gas. This is
consistent with the information reported in the Census with a 100 per cent usage of computers,
internet and web presence for the establishments engaged in extraction of crude oil and natural
gas in 2011 (Chart 7).
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Chart 6 : Monthly average price and cumulative average price of crude oil, 2011
Cumulative average price
Source : PETRONAS Month
US
D p
er
ba
rrel
USD124.07
USD94.13
Monthly average price
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
As shown in Chart 8, 100 per cent of the establishments in the crude oil and natural gas mining
industry used intranet network, local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN), while only
50 per cent of establishments used extranet network. An extranet network refers to a closed network
that uses internet protocol to securely share an enterprise’s information with suppliers, vendors,
customers or other businesses partners.
In 2011, 94.0 per cent of employees in this industry reported using computers and 68.2 per cent of
employees reported using the internet. Based on Table 4, the group of establishments with less than
1,000 employees recorded the largest proportion of computer use (95.2 per cent). Meanwhile, the
groups of establishments with 1,000 employees and above registered the highest usage of internet,
accounting at 69.9 per cent .
Chart 7 : Usage of computer, internet and web presence, 2011
Chart 8 : Type of computer network used in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry, 2011
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SUMMARY FINDINGS
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2012
In 2011, the type of internet access mainly used in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry was
fixed broadband which recorded 93.8 per cent, followed by mobile broadband (37.5 per cent) and
narrowband (25.0 per cent) (Chart 9).
Table 5 shows the proportion of establishments involved in purchases and sales for goods and
services via the internet in 2010 and 2011. As shown in the Table, 37.5 per cent of establishments
used the internet to make purchase for 2010 and 2011.
Meanwhile 18.8 per cent received an order for goods or services via the internet in 2011, a decrease
of 6.2 per cent compared to 2010. Out of the total revenue received which was RM28.5 billion in
2011, RM3.7 billion was obtained from sales via the internet.
Table 4 : Proportion of employees using computer and internet in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry, 2011
Chart 9 : Types of internet access used in crude oil and natural gas mining industry, 2011
Table 5 : Purchases and sales for goods or services in crude oil and natural gas mining industry, 2010 and 2011