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Disparities in wealth and development

Development Improvement in human welfare, quality of life, social well being. Satisfyingthe populations needs and wants. (measured using a range ofsocio-economic indicators)

Ways of representing data to give some idea of disparity that could be asked in the IB exam

0 = Complete equality (everybody has thesame amount)

100 = Complete inequality (one person

has all the income

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Development Diamonds

HDI Human development index [ HDI] a composite measure of development .

This combine a number of single component indices to give a combined score.

By illustrating multiple

component indices

diagrammatically it is

possible to compare the

relative performance in

each of the separate

indicators

Income inequality is usually measured by

a countrys Gini Coefficient, in which 0 is

perfect equality and 1 is perfect

inequality. .

China Gini Coefficient rose as different

fortunes of rural and urban households.

Productivity, hence income is low in

agriculture.

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It includes 3 basic components of human development

1] Longevity- [ life expectancy]

2] adult literacy & average number of years of schooling

3] standard of living income adjusted to local cost of living i.e. purchasing power parity [PPP]

Measurement of development

Other composite indices

Development

measured

GDI

simply HDI adjustedfor gender inequality

GEM

Norway [ .837]

Yemen [ .127]

Education

min of 0.0 to max of1.0

Afghanistan - .33

Australia -.99

Infant mortality

no of children thatdie before their first

birthday

High in poor countrie

Nutrition

815 hungry people indeveloping countries

HDI

measurement shownbetween 0- 1

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How can we measure poverty???

Human Poverty Index 1 (for developing countries)

HPI-1 - % of pop with life expectancy of

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An example comparison for each

Examine the progress made in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in

poverty reduction, education health.

Find at least 2 countries with different trends refer to case study scan of India and Mali

origin ofdisparities

income inequalities

employmentinequalities

e.g . differences dueto formal and informal

sector jobs

residence[ livingconditions]

e.g. slums- disease ,stigmatization,

geographic isolation,lack of basic services

ethnicity and race

e.g. aborogines inaustralia die 20 yrs

earlier

more IMR

Parental educationand inequality e.g.

higher education= lesschildren .

&

education = growth ofeconomy

land ownership [

tenure]e.g. decline of

subsistenceagriculture in S.Africa

and tenure inCambodia /India

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Reducing disparities

Evaluate the effectiveness ofstrategies designed to reduce disparities

HUMAN

dEVELOPMENT

strategies

Expandingtrade-trading

blocs

[ e.g. ASEAN] exportprocessing

and free tradezone

e.g Incheon

FEZ- S.Korea

fair andethicaltrade

debt relief

e.g.HIPCinitiative

Migrantworkers

[Remittances]

Aid

e.g.top down& bottom up

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