Summarizing And Note Taking

Presented By Arts Markville

Today’s Topics

The “Rule Based Strategy”Summary FramesReciprocal TeachingNote Taking

Generalized Principle #1

To effectively summarize, students must delete some information, substitute some information, and keep some information

Generalized Principle #2

To effectively delete, substitute, and keep information, students must analyse information at a fairly deep level.

Generalized Principle #3

Being aware of the explicit structure of information is an aid to summarizing information.

Rule Based Strategy for Summarization

Delete trivial material that is unnecessary to understanding.

Delete redundant material.Substitute super-ordinate terms for lists.Select a topic sentence, or create one if

it is missing.

Plain And Simple…

Boiled Sheep’s Brain

Step 1 - Get a sheep’s brain.Step 2 - Boil it.

Serves 6

Relevence/Meaning?

A proof is a proof. What kind of a proof? It's a proof. A proof is a proof. And when you have a good proof, it's because it's proven.

Strategies To Enhance Success

Discuss structure of the information to be summarized.

Make a list of key words or ideas.Do a walk through with a related or

similar passage.

SUMMARY FRAMES

DEFINITION: A summary frame is a series of questions that the

teacher provides to students to help them summarize information.

The questions are designed to highlight the important elements of specific patterns commonly found in a variety of texts [e.g. fiction, textbooks, and editorial pieces].

Summary frame questions are built around the pattern of the text students are reading.

COMMON PATTERNS:

1. NARRATIVE OR STORY2. TOPIC-RESTRICTION

ILLUSTRATION [T-R-I]3. DEFINITION4. ARGUMENTATION5. PROBLEM OR SOLUTION6. CONVERSATION

ACCOMPANYING FRAMES:

A. NARRATIVE FRAMECommonly found in fiction and contains the following

elements:

1. Characters: characteristics of the main characters2. Setting: time, place, context 3. Initiating Event: event that starts the action ü Internal Response: how main characters react emotionally to this eventü Goal: what main characters decide to do as a reaction to this eventü Consequence: how main characters try to accomplish the goal7. Resolution: how the goal turns out

Narrative Frame Questions:1. Who are the main characters and

what distinguishes them from others?2. When and where did the story take

place? What were the circumstances?3. What prompted the action in the

story?4. How did the characters express their

feelings?5. What did the main characters decide

to do? Did they set a goal and what was it?6. How did the main characters try to

accomplish their goal[s]?7. What were the consequences?

D. ARGUMENTATION FRAME

Contain information designed to support a claim and contain the following elements:

1. Evidence – information that leads to a claim

2. Claim – assertion that is the focal point of the argument

3. Support – example of or explanations for the claim

4. Qualifier – a restriction on the claim or evidence for the claim

Argumentation Frame Questions1. What information is presented

that leads to a claim?2. What is the basic statement or

claim that is the focus of the information?3. What examples or

explanations are presented to support this claim?

4. What concessions are made about the claim?

RECIPROCAL TEACHING/GROUP-

ENHANCED SUMMARY

DEFINITIONS:Reciprocal Teaching is a strategy which

incorporates the process of summarizing and engages students in other thinking processes.

Group-Enhanced Summary is an adaptation of this strategy which helps engage students in analysis activities which provide for a deep level of understanding necessary for an effective summary.

FOUR COMPONENTS:1. Summarizing

After students have read a short section of a passage, a student leader summarizes what has been read.

Other students may add to the summary.

2. Questioning Student leader asks questions designed to help students identify

important information in the passage. Other students try to answer these questions.

3. Clarifying Student leader tries to clarify confusing points in the passage by

asking clarification questions.

4. Predicting Student leader asks for predictions about what will happen next in

the passage.

* The group-enhanced summarizing process involves multiple analyses and interactions with the summary thus providing students with a deeper understanding..

Research and Theory on Note Taking

“Verbatim note taking is, Perhaps the least effective way to take notes”.

“Notes should be considered a work in progress”.

“Notes should be used as study guides for tests”.

“The more notes that are taken, the better”.

Recommendations:

“Teach students a variety of note-taking formats”.

“Give students teacher-prepared notes”.

“Remind students to review their notes”.

Teacher Prepared Notes

Models good strategies for organizing notes.

Student Notes: Informal Outline

Notes are taken using indentations to signify when a new, yet related point is written down.

When a new topic or idea is discussed the note moves back to the left hand side of the page.

Example of Informal Outline

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci (1503-06)

*Oil on wood, 77 x 53 cm*Musee du Louvre, Paris

*Also known as La Gioconda, the wife of Francesco del

Giocondo

Student Notes: Web

Organizes notes into circles and draws lines between them to connect their ideas.

The larger circles represent the more important/major ideas/concepts.

Example of Web

Mona LisaBy

LeonardoDa Vinci

1503-06

also known as La Gioconda

Musee du Louvre, Paris

young Florentine

woman

Renaissance portrait

Student Notes: Combination

This is a flexible combination of the previous two techniques.

It allows students to think about and review the material three times.

It allows students to process the information in different ways and summarize the main points.

Example: Combination NotesMona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci (1503-06)

Oil on wood, 77 x 53 cm

Musee du Louvre, Paris

*Also known as La Gioconda,

the wife of Francesco del

Giocondo

Mona LisaBy

LeonardoDa Vinci

also known as La Gioconda

young Florentine

woman

Renaissance portrait

Musee du Louvre, Paris

Summary: The Mona Lisa is a very famous portrait of a lady who was married to a cloth merchant. She was made very famous from this portrait by Leonardo da Vinci.

Now it’s your turn!