suggested changes to correlates of war militarized...

SUGGESTED CHANGES TO CORRELATES OF WAR MILITARIZED INTERSTATE DISPUTE (MID) DATASET

As part of the project, “Does Force or Agreement Lead to Peace?: A

Collection and Analysis of Militarized Interstate Dispute (MID) Settlement, 1816 to 2001,” we collected information on every MID from the Correlates of War Project that had a settlement code of 1-Negotiated. There are 376 cases that were originally labeled negotiated.

We believe that some of our newly collected source material contradicts prior codings of MIDs, Versions 3.0 and earlier. Therefore, we have compiled this list of suggested changes to the MID dataset. Each entry below provides the MID number, the original dates of the dispute, our suggested change, and a rationale and sources for that suggested change. The suggested changes to 77 MIDs are summarized at the beginning of the memorandum. For those who wish to cite these changes, please use the following:

Gibler, Douglas M, and Karl DeRouen, Jr., 2010. Negotiated Settlements: A Collection and Analysis of All Agreements to End Militarized Interstate Disputes, 1816 to 2001. Working Paper and National Science Foundation Grant (SES# 0923406).

Research Contributors:

Steven M. Miller Joseph T. Walsh Yifan Liu Anne Ostrow M.G. Proaps

2 | P a g e

SUMMARY OF SUGGESTED CHANGES TO CORRELATES OF WAR MILITARIZED INTERSTATE DISPUTE (MID) DATASET

MID# SUGGESTED CHANGE 11 Change outcome to Yield by Austria; Change settlement to Imposed 15 Change start date to February 1-7, 1839; Change US Highest Action

to 15-Seizure; Change Hostility Level to 4-Use of Force 23 Change end date to 9/28/1939 28 Change Fatality Precision (French suffered 13 dead); change end

date to January 6, 1962 41 Change Settlement variable from Unclear to Negotiated; Change

Outcome variable from Unclear to Yield by Side A (China) 51 Add precision to casualty estimates (see NOTES in summary); add

365-USSR as participant from November, 1950 to armistice 127 Change end date to May 11, 1921 241 Change end date to 6/13/1923; cited source list from CoW also needs

updating since referenced text provides no information on MID 253 Drop Japan from MID 354 Add 365-USSR to MID, on the side of Iceland 503 Change Highest Action to 7-show of force; change end date to

October 5, 1939 1106 Add Iran as MID participant, fighting alongside Oman 1107 Change revision code for Yemen Arab Republic to revisionist; change

revision code for Yemen People’s Republic to revisionist; change both revision types to policy

1196 Change Highest Action of Columbia to 0-No Militarized Action 1229 Change start date to April 3, 1966. 1235 Change start date to July 7, 1921. 1247 Change Outcome to Yield by Romania. 1279 Add Cyprus as participant. 1280 Change Start Date to 11/15/1967 1286 Change Romania’s Start Date to August 31, 1949; Change Romania’s

fatalities to 0-none; Change End Date of Dispute to December 14, 1951

1312 This MID should be merged with MID1315, dropping MID 1312. 1315 This MID should be merged with MID1312; to do this, change Start

Date to 3/5/1965. 1352 Add the Netherlands as a participant; Change start date to February

19, 1967 1376 Change Thailand’s Fatality Level to 1-25; Change Outcome to Yield

by Thailand; Change Settlement to None 1381 Change Revision Type to Policy; change End Date to May 28, 1973 1463 Change Start Date to 3/22/1965; change End Date to 3/24/1965 1524 Change Start Date to August 6, 1834; change End Date to February 6,

1834 (six months following seizure with no other militarized incidents)

1609 Change Chile’s Highest Action to 13-Blockade 1613 Change Outcome to Stalemate 1624 Change Start Date to February 14, 1842 1900 Change Start Date to May 29, 1961; change end date to May 30, 1961 2006 Change Revision Type to Policy; change Settlement to None 2040 Change Start Date to 1/14/1920

3 | P a g e

2041 Change Revision Type to Regime 2080 Change Start Date to July 19, 1964; change Outcome to 6-Compromise 2119 Change Settlement to Imposed 2144 Change End Date to February 11, 1977 2163 Change Start Date to February 20, 1978; change End Date to February

22, 1978; change Outcome to Victory for Cyprus 2204 Change Start Date to August 19, 1909 2360 Change Start Date to January 10, 1965 2600 Change Outcome to Compromise 2621 Change End Date to August 4, 1971 3037 Change End Date to February 19, 1985; change Settlement to None 3103 Change Outcome to Stalemate; change Settlement to None; change

Start Date to December 10, 1981; change End Date to July 7, 1982 (six months rule)

3104 Change Start Date to May 15, 1981; change End Date to May 15, 1981 3157 Change Fatality precision: UK had one naval officer killed 3166 Change Start Day to -9 Missing 3599 Change End Date to June 6, 1919 3646 Change Settlement to Imposed; change End Date to March 27, 1911 3647 Drop this MID from dataset 3709 Change Start Date to October 11, 1939 3952 Change Start Date to April 11, 1990 3961 Change Start Date to June 10, 1990 3975 Change Outcome to Stalemate 4090 Change Start Date to August 11, 1997 4141 Change Revision Type to Territory (assuming territory can include

territorial waters) 4291 Change Start Date to October 20, 1998 4302 Change Start Date to August 11, 1999

4 | P a g e

MID: 11 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 3/11/1938 to 3/12/1938 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change outcome to Yield by Austria; Change settlement

to Imposed RATIONALE: Not a negotiated settlement; should be a yield by Austria,

where leadership agreed to declare that Austria no longer existed on March 13.

SOURCES: "The Invasion of Austria.” Avalon Project - Documents in Law,

History and Diplomacy. 1 Oct. 1946. Web. 01 Apr. 2010. <http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/judaus.asp>.

Langer, William L. An Encyclopedia of World History; Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, Chronologically Arranged. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972.

Taylor, A. J. P. The Origins of the Second World War. New York: Atheneum, 1962.

MID: 15 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 12/22/1838 to 3/23/1839 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change start date to February 1-7, 1839; Change US

Highest Action to 15-Seizure; Change Hostility Level to 4-Use of Force

RATIONALE: The start date, most accurately, is in the first week of February 1839. This coincides with the arrival of the American land agents and the corollary arrests. An exact day cannot be discerned at the moment, though it obviously precedes the February 12th arrest of Rufus McIntire. Also, the US “seized” people as well, including the official warden of the area. The extent of US involvement was beyond a simple show of force.

SOURCES: 1903. Aroostook War: Historical Sketch and Roster of Commissioned

Officers and Enlisted Men Called into Service for the Protection of the Northeastern Frontier of Maine from February to May 1839. Augusta, ME: Kennebec Journal Print.

Sprague, John Francis. 1910. The North Eastern Boundary Controversy and the Aroostook War. Dover, ME: Observer Press.

Jones, Howard. 1975. Anglophobia and the Aroostook War. New England Quarterly 48(4): 519-539.

Le Duc, Thomas. 1947. The Maine Frontier and the Northeastern Boundary Controversy. American Historical Review 53(1): 30-41.

Niles' Weekly Register, Volume 52. Kaufman, Will and Heidi Slettedahl MacPherson. 2005. Britain and the

Americas: Culture, Politics and History. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO

MID: 23 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 2/19/1939 to 10/18/1939 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change end date to 9/28/1939 RATIONALE: The extra “demands” from the Soviets after the initial treaty

do not really amount to a threat. Further, the German thing Annie mentions in her summary is a non-sequitir from the COW-MID people

SOURCES: “Baltic States Cool To Aid From Russia.” The New York Times 21 Apr.

1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

5 | P a g e

“Baltic States Firm in Barring Pledge.” The New York Times 7 June 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

Denny, Harold. “Soviet Is Insistent on Baltic Pledges.” The New York Times 14 June 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

Duranty, Walter. “Two Baltic States Balk at Nazi Pact.” The New York Times 11 May 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

“Estonian Pact Ratified.” The New York Times 5 Oct. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

Gedye, G.E.R. “Soviet Ship Is Sunk.” The New York Times 28 Sept. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

Gedye, G.E.R. “Tallinn Gives Way.” The New York Times 29 Sept. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

Kluckhohn, Frank L. “Soviet Said to Plan Baltic Occupation.” The New York Times 7 May 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

Kuhn, Ferdinand. “British Now Agree to a Soviet Pact for Mutual Help.” The New York Times 25 May 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

“Lithuania Wants the Return of Memel.” The New York Times 13 Oct. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

Mutual Assistance Pact between the USSR and the Republic of Estonia . 28 Sept. 1939. Web. 12 Apr. 2010. <http://www.oldgazette.ru/lib/propagit/20/03.html>.

“Nazis Go to Moscow to Plan Repatriation.” The New York Times 18 Oct. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

“Neutrality in the Baltic.” The New York Times 9 Jan. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

“Russian Demands on Estonia Hinted.” The New York Times 27 Sept. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

“Three States Menaced.” The New York Times 20 Sept. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.

“Yugoslav Accords with Soviet Hinted.” The New York Times 20 Sept. 1939. Proquest Historical Newspapers. Web. 11 Apr. 2010. ",New York Times has a copy of this available.

MID: 28 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 7/19/1961 to 9/5/1961 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Fatality Precision (French suffered 13 dead);

change end date to January 6, 1962 RATIONALE: Dispute did not end September 5, 1961, when President de Gaulle

said that the French would not evacuate the Bizerta naval base during the French war in Algeria but were open to negotiations over the future of the base. Both sides signed a modus vivendi on September 29---a temporary, not permanent solution to the dispute. (French and Tunisians sign Bizerte Accord after France reportedly dropped its demand that base communications would not be hampered. http://libdata.lib.ua.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=118928420&sid=8&Fmt=10&clientId=31537&RQT=309&VName=HNP)

October 1: French withdrawals from city of Bizerte to base outside the city. http://libdata.lib.ua.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqd

6 | P a g e

link?did=97251324&sid=10&Fmt=10&clientId=31537&RQT=309&VName=HNP October 12: NYT reported that “President Habib Bourguiba of Tunisia threatened today to reopen the 'battle of Bizerte' if France would not agree to evacuate her air and naval base there.” (http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50915F93A5912738DDDAA0994D8415B818AF1D3&scp=2&sq=bizerte&st=p). This is a verbal threat that “is an outgrowth of or a response to one or more previous incidents.” It clearly involves “the same issue or set of issues, and occur[s] within the same geographic area.” October 20: “France has in effect rejected a Tunisian demands[sic] for early evacuation of her naval and air base at Bizerte, a high official said today.” http://libdata.lib.ua.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=97625764&sid=11&Fmt=10&clientId=31537&RQT=309&VName=HNP October 30: “Tunis Lifts French Press Ban” November 18: Bouguiba said that a French note would soon arrive and that he hoped it would be “positive.” “If not, our soldiers and the Tunisian people are ready to go to war for Bizerte.” http://libdata.lib.ua.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=101486186&sid=4&Fmt=10&clientId=31537&RQT=309&VName=HNP December 8: “French-Tunisian Talks Open” in Rome January 6: NYT reports talks set over Bizerta base after France drops demand to occupy the base “during a time of heightened international tensions.” http://libdata.lib.ua.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=118434896&sid=1&Fmt=10&clientId=31537&RQT=309&VName=HNP French suffered 13 dead (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938175-3,00.html)

SOURCES: "Compte Rendu des Evenements Survenus a Bizerte de Juin a Octobre

1961.” Online September 11, 2009: http://bourguiba.net/index.php/articles/34-tunisie-france-algerie/58-rapport-de-lamiral-amman

Brecher, Michael, and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. 1997. A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Keesing's Contemporary Archives 1961-1962, Vol. 13. Bristol. Keesing's Contemporary Archives 1963-1964, Vol. 14. Bristol. Ruf, Werner Klaus. 1971. “The Bizerta Crisis: A Bourguibist Attempt

to Resolve Tunisia's Border Problems.” The Middle East Journal 25: 201-211.

MID: 41 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 5/27/1929,12/3/1929 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Settlement variable from Unclear to

Negotiated; Change Outcome variable from Unclear to Yield by Side A (China)

7 | P a g e

RATIONALE: Soviet forces attacked from the west and east. China initially withstood the barrage by Russia, but the tide turned against them quickly. Soviet troops eventually captured Hailar and Manchouli. The presence of Soviet warships forced Chinese officials to recognize that a disaster was looming. The Soviets, recognizing their advantage, gave the necessary stipulations for peace on November 22: restoration of railways to the Soviets as based on the 1924 protocols, restoration of Soviet administration of these railways, and the immediate release of all Soviets captured in the process. China accepted these conditions three days later. A ceasefire was signed on December 3rd. Another protocol was signed on December 22nd. These protocols had the effect of restoring the status quo ex ante while simultaneously enhancing Soviet presence in Manchuria.

SOURCES: Elleman, Bruce A. 1998. Diplomacy and Deception: The Secret History

of Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Relations, 1917-1927. ME Sharpe. Wang, Lianjie. 2010. Zhongdong Railway Incident and Great

Repercussions Caused by Letters from Chen Duxiu. Asian Culture and History 2(1): 48-58.

Guo Tingyi Guo, Tingyi 1955 A Outline History of the Russian Imperialist Aggression of China Taibei: Taiwan Press, Fourth Edition

MID: 51 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 6/24/1950 to 7/27/1953 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Add precision to casualty estimates (see NOTES

below); add 365-USSR as participant from November, 1950 to armistice RATIONALE: From McCormack (2004, 29): Late in 1950, the Soviet Union also

directly if surreptitiously entered the war. Not until 1989 was it officially admitted that a Soviet Air Force unit had fought in Korea. The Russian pilots and their 200 MIG fighters left Moscow in mid-November. They operated in the northern parts of North Korea, dressed in Chinese uniforms, with Chinese markings on their planes and only flew missions over territory controlled by North Korean or Chinese forces.

SOURCES: Brecher, Michael, and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. 1997. A Study of Crisis.

Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. McCormack, Gavan. 2004. Target North Korea. Sydney: Random House.

NOTES: Greece 170; UK 670; Canada 310; Thailand 110; Turkey/Ottoman 720; US 54000; Australia 281; Netherlands 110; Ethiopia 120; Colombia 140; Philippines 90; France 290; ROK 415000; DPRK 520000; China 900000; USSR Unknown

MID: 127 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 3/3/1921 to 11/5/1921 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change end date to May 11, 1921 RATIONALE: The end date is probably a typographical error since CoW has

the day and month reversed. The dispute ended 11 May 1921. SOURCES:

Brecher, Michael and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. 1997. A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

8 | P a g e

Various New York Times articles

MID: 241 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 5/5/1923 to 6/11/1923 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change end date to 6/13/1923; cited source list from

CoW also needs updating since referenced text provides no information on MID

RATIONALE: The British sent a note to the Russians that they considered the dispute concluded on 13 June, not 11 June.

SOURCES: 1923. “Latest Soviet Note Pleases English.” New York Times. June

13(6) http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=104962962&SrchMode=1&sid=9&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1263414127&clientId=31537(description of the Soviet note)

MID: 253 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 5/1/1960 to 7/18/1960 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Drop Japan from MID RATIONALE: There is no mention of Japanese involvement in the U2 incident. SOURCES:

Avalon Project. 2008. “May-July 1960: The U-2 Airplane Incident Editorial Note.” Yale Law School. Accessed online August 26, 2009. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/vx147.asp

Avalon Project. 2008. “July-September 1960: The RB-47 Airplane Incident Editorial Note.” Yale Law School. Accessed online August 26, 2009. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/vx157.asp

Donovan, James B. 1964. Strangers on a Bridge: The Case of Colonel Abel. New York: Atheneum.

Keesings Contemporary Archives Vol 12 1959-60. Bristol. pgs 17425-17430, 17549-17552.

MID: 354 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 9/1/1972 to 11/8/1973 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Add 365-USSR to MID, on the side of Iceland RATIONALE: From Brecher and Wilkenfeld (1997: 609): “USSR involvement was

more substantial, however. Continued NATO use of the Keflavik air base, which was necessary for the implementation of important NATO antisubmarine warfare operations, was already an issue in Icelandic politics. Iceland's request to the USSR for a show of force during the crisis was answered by a special Soviet naval exercise: 10 Russian ships and 10 submarines were dispatched as a signal to the UK.”

SOURCES: No. 12886. Iceland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland: Exchange of Notes Constituting an Interim Agreement Regarding the Fisheries Dispute between These Countries (with Map). Reykjavik, 13 November 1973.” UN Treaty System. http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/25/37/00049810.pdf.

“Fisheries Dispute. - Continuation of Incidents between Icelandic Gunboats and British and West German Trawlers.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary

9 | P a g e

Archives), Volume 19, August, 1973 Iceland, Icelandic, Page 26028.

“Fisheries Dispute. - Unilateral Extension of 50-mile Limit in Force.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 19, May, 1973 Iceland, Page 25869.

MID: 503 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 9/23/1939 to 10/18/1939 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Highest Action to 7-show of force; change end

date to October 5, 1939 RATIONALE: There is no information supporting that Russia occupied Latvian

territory during the course of this MID; the New York Times suggests the MID ends by October 5, 1939.

SOURCES: Various New York Times articles MID: 605 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 7/30/1956 to 12/12/1956 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change start date to July 18, 1956 RATIONALE: Start date should be 18 July or earlier according to Keesings. SOURCES:

“Border Dispute - Chinese Troops enter Wa State.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume XI, January, 1957 Burma, China, Chinese, Page 15334. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=china+burma&x=8&y=11&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=7&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1956&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=1&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1957&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=15334n01mmr&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=xi

Shao, Kuo-kang. 1979. “Chou En-lai's Diplomatic Approach to Non-Aligned States in Asia: 1953-60.” The China Quarterly 78(June):324-338. http://www.jstor.org/stable/652958.

Tzuo, Byron N. 1990. China and international law : the boundary disputes. New York: Praeger. D737 .T96 1990

MID: 1106 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 10/22/1975 to 3/11/1976 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Add Iran as MID participant, fighting alongside Oman RATIONALE: Iranian troops who were stationed in Oman attacked Omani rebels

in South Yemen. On 17 October Iranian troops attacked Omani rebels and the Omani air force attacked rebels in South Yemen, hitting a barracks. On 16 December Iran pledged to keep troops in Oman as long as the Omani sultan desired.

SOURCES: 1976. “Border Fighting Continues.” Facts on File. January 24. “Cabinet Changes - Virtual Elimination of Rebel Forces in Dhofar

Province.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 22, May, 1976 Oman, Page 27716. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=yemen+oman&x=9&y=11&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=10&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1975&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=5&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1976&kssp_date_r

10 | P a g e

ange_type=publication&kssp_a_id=27716n03omn&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=22

1976. “Cubans Reported in Red Sea Area.” Facts on File. April 10. 1976. “Iran Joins Attack on Rebels.” Facts on File. November 1. “Oman.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's

Contemporary Archives), Volume 21, December, 1975 Oman, Page 27483. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=yemen+oman&x=9&y=11&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=10&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1975&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=5&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1976&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=27483n01omn&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=21

1976. “Victory over Rebels Claimed.” Facts on File. December 20. MID: 1107 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 10/25/1971 to 10/28/1972 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change revision code for Yemen Arab Republic to

revisionist; change revision code for Yemen People’s Republic to revisionist; change both revision types to policy

RATIONALE: The Yemen Arab Republic sought the overthrow of the South Yemeni regime by supporting the rebels.

SOURCES: Bercovitch, Jacob and Richard Jackson. 1997. International conflict:

a chronological encyclopedia of conflicts and their management 1945-1995. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Online at http://libdata.lib.ua.edu/login?url=http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=40718.

Dresch, Paul. 2000. A history of modern Yemen. New York: Cambridge University Press.

1972. “Two Yemens Sign Unification Pact.” New York Times. October 29 (17). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=93419008&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1260164709&clientId=31537

MID: 1196 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 12/24/1913 to 12/22/1913 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Highest Action of Columbia to 0-No Militarized

Action RATIONALE: Both sides exchanged communications reiterating their

respective sides for some time. The signature of the Bryan-Chammoro Treaty on August 5, 1914 formalized the 99yr lease to the United States. Mostly a minor issue with respect to larger animosity towards Nicaragua, the matter was resolved when Colombia resumed peaceful relations with the United States in March 1922. Therein, Colombia appeared to recognize the validity of the lease. Both Colombia and Nicaragua soon began discussions regarding the dominion of the islands. A compromise was reached on March 24, 1928. Colombia recognized Nicaraguan sovereignty of the Corn Islands. Nicaragua recognized Colombian sovereignty of Isla San Andres y Providencia. This status quo exists today.

SOURCES:

11 | P a g e

Ireland, Gordon. 1941. Boundaries Possessions and Conflicts in Central and North America and the Caribbean. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

MID: 1229 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 4/14/1964 to 10/1/1966 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change start date to April 3, 1966. RATIONALE: Caldwell (p. 151) says that Thai forces attacked Preah Vihear

on 3 April 1966. There is no mention of a MID in 1964 or 1965 in COW source Keesing's, nor in ProQuest Historical Newspapers. In addition, Butterworth, Facts on File, and Huth all say this particular dispute began when Thailand attacked Cambodia in April 1964. Fretter (in DeRouen and Bellamy, 2007) also says the MID began in 1964.

SOURCES: Caldwell, Malcolm and Lek Tan. 1973. Cambodia in the Southeast Asian

War. Monthly Review Press. 1966. “Cambodia Border.” Facts on File. June 9-15. 1966. “Cambodia, in Letter to UN, Charges Thai Aggression.” New York

Times. May 20(23). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=29&did=90219609&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268341262&clientId=31537

Fretter, Judith. 2008. “Cambodia.” In International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia. Karl DeRouen and Paul Bellamy (eds). Westport: Praeger. http://books.google.com/books?id=tSLeN4U_C6kC&pg=PA135&dq=preah+vihear+1966+de+ribbing&ei=SoKrS8nCL5TWNuu94bMM&cd=2#v=onepage&q=preah%20vihear%201966%20de%20ribbing&f=false

“General Elections. - Cabinet Changes.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 13, September, 1967 Cambodia, Cambodia, Page 22283. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=preah+vihear&x=19&y=12&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=4&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1964&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=11&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1968&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=22283n01cam&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=13

Huth, Paul. 1996. Standing Your Ground. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

“International Court Judgment on Temple Dispute.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 8, August, 1962 Cambodia, Siam, Page 18931. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=preah+vihear&x=24&y=10&kssp_sortby=Newest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1962&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=12&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1966&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=18931n02cam&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=8

Kahin, George. 1964. Government and Politics of Southeast Asia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Langbell, Kenneth. 1966. “Cambodian Standoff Persists.” Christian Science Monitor. May 6(17). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=263654502&SrchMode=

12 | P a g e

1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1269527951&clientId=31537

2010. Map of Preah Vihear. Google Maps. Online at http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=preah+vihear&sll=13.410994,103.864746&sspn=9.841311,21.247559&gl=us&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Preah+Vihear,+Cambodia&z=8.

Nevard, Jacques. 1962. “Thailand Is Ready to Leave Temple.” New York Times Pan-Asia. July 1(25). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=13&did=89870422&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268341262&clientId=31537

St. John, Ronald Bruce. 1994. “Preah Vihear and the Cambodia-Thailand Borderland.” IBRU Boundary and Security Bulletin. January: 64-68. Online at www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ibru/publications/full/bsb1-4_john.pdf.

Strate, Shane. 2009. The Lost Territories: The Role of Trauma and Humiliation in the Formation of National Consciousness in Thailand. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1905597501&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269545159&clientId=31537

1962. Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand). International Court of Justice. Online at http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&k=46&case=45&code=ct&p3=5.

1962. “Thailand Yields Sovereignty over Temple to Cambodia.” New York Times. July 17(7). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=17&did=82055382&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268341262&clientId=31537

1962. “Thais Repulsed, Cambodians Say.” Washington Post. May 19(A14). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=28&did=182763722&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268341262&clientId=31537

MID: 1235 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 8/6/1921 to 10/18/1921 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change start date to July 7, 1921. RATIONALE: The start date for this MID should be 7 July 1921, when

Yugoslav troops occupied Gashi and Krasnitch. See Swire (2001, 354).

SOURCES: 1921. “Albanians Repulse Serbs.” New York Times. August 7(18).

http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=4&did=107021670&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264065134&clientId=31537

James, Edwin L. 1921. “Albania's Demands Divide the Nations.” New York Times. September 22(15). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=3&did=98743883&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264064484&clientId=31537

James, Edwin L. 1921. “Balkan War Cloud Shadows League.” New York Times. September 21(1).

13 | P a g e


1921. “Mirdites Rout Albanians.” New York Times. August 29(3). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=98723724&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264065289&clientId=31537

Permanent Court of International Justice. “Other Documents.” Online at http://www.icj-cij.org/pcij/serie_C/C_05_02/C_05_02_05_Saint_Naoum_autres_documents.pdf. Pages 359-363.

1921. “Say Serbs Menace Albania.” New York Times. October 4(1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=107026755&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264064300&clientId=31537

Vickers, Miranda. 2001. The Albanians: A Modern History. London: Tauris.

MID: 1247 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 3/15/1939 to 3/23/1939 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Outcome to Yield by Romania. RATIONALE: There is no compromise between Hungary and Rumania on Carpatho-

Ukraine. This should be a yield on Rumania's behalf because Rumania abandoned its claim to Carpatho-Ukraine at the end of March 1939. See Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945, 1939, pages 167-168. Hungary then signed a border-delimitation agreement with Slovakia that fixed Carpatho-Ukraine's border with Slovakia on 4 April 1939.

SOURCES: 1939. “Area Under Military Rule.” New York Times. March 20 (3).


1939. “Czech-Hungarian 'Line' Fixed by Vienna Arbiters.” New York Times. March 15 (14). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=95764351&SrchMode=1&sid=14&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259905023&clientId=31537

1939. “Fight in Ruthenia.” New York Times. March 16 (1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=94690300&SrchMode=1&sid=17&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259905905&clientId=31537

1939. “Hungarians Block Road to Rumania.” New York Times. March 19 (41). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=95765123&SrchMode=1&sid=20&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259906859&clientId=31537

1939. “Hungarians Drive across Ruthenia.” New York Times. March 15 (1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=95764185&SrchMode=1&sid=16&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259905431&clientId=31537

1939. “Hungarians Take Huszt after a Fight.” New York Times. March 17 (9).

14 | P a g e


1939. “Hungary Proclaims Ruthenian Amnesty.” New York Times. April 3 (8). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=91559957&SrchMode=1&sid=26&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259907794&clientId=31537

1939. “Hungary: Tidbit.” Time. March 27. Online at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,931167,00.html.

Kovacs, Eugene. 1939. “Rumania Assured: Turkey, Yugoslavia and Greece Pledge to Honor Pact on Borders.” New York Times. April 11 (1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=96021439&SrchMode=1&sid=28&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259908551&clientId=31537

Kovacs, Eugene. 1939. “Rumania in Throes of a Call to Arms.” New York Times. March 23 (1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=94695104&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259900242&clientId=31537

Kovacs, Eugene. 1939. “Rumania, Hungary Call More Troops.” New York Times. March 22 (1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=5&did=94693982&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259899694&clientId=31537

Kozauer, Nikolaus John. 1964. The Carpatho-Ukraine between the Two World Wars -- with Special Emphasis on the German Population.” PhD dissertation, Rutgers. http://libdata.lib.ua.edu:2048/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=763375331&sid=1&Fmt=1&clientId=31537&RQT=309&VName=PQD

McCormick, Anne O'Hare. 1939. “Carpatho-Ukrainians Still Fight Despite Seizure by Hungarians.” New York Times. March 17 (1). Online at http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=94691409&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259736556&clientId=31537.

McCormick, Anne O'Hare. 1939. “Europe: Hungary Fears Germany May Have Outwitted Her.” New York Times. March 18 (16). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=107122723&SrchMode=1&sid=19&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259906439&clientId=31537

McCormick, Anne O'Hare. 1939. “Hungary Confident on Germany's Word.” New York Times. March 22 (5). Online at http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=2&did=94694043&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259737013&clientId=31537

McCormick, Anne O'Hare. 1939. “Peasants Rush to Arms.” New York Times. March 23 (1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=94695104&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259900242&clientId=31537

15 | P a g e

1939. “Rumania Expels Hungarians.” New York Times. March 20 (3). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=94692479&SrchMode=1&sid=21&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259907170&clientId=31537

1939. “Rumania Invades Carpatho-Ukraine.” New York Times. March 15 (1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=95764186&SrchMode=1&sid=15&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259905270&clientId=31537

1939. “Rumanian Soldier Killed in Clashes with Hungary.” New York Times. March 25 (6). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=91556637&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259761497&clientId=31537

“Tension with Hungary.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume III, April, 1939 Rumania, Page 3522. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=rumania+hungary&x=16&y=12&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=3&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1939&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=4&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1939&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=3522n01rom&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=iii

“Slovakia Carved by Frontier Parley.” New York Times. April 4 (6). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=91560482&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1259912249&clientId=31537

MID: 1279 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 12/25/1963 to 8/10/1964 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Add Cyprus as participant. RATIONALE: Cyprus was a member of the COW state membership dataset from 16

August 1960, and it was certainly involved in fighting. SOURCES:

“UN Resolutions on Cyprus.” Online September 12, 2009: http://www.un.int/cyprus/resolut.htm

Brecher, Michael, and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. 1997. A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

“Constitution Finder: Cyprus.” University of Richmond. Accessed September 13, 2009: http://confinder.richmond.edu/country.php.

“Greek Cypriot Capture of Turkish Villages in North-West Cyprus.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 10, September, 1964 Cyprus, Page 20265.

MID: 1280 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 11/16/1967 to 12/1/1967 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to 11/15/1967 RATIONALE: Keesing's reports that the fighting began on 15 November 1967. SOURCES:

”Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968, Volume XVI, Cyprus; Greece; Turkey. Documents 302-342. Online at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xvi/4761.htm.

16 | P a g e

“Greco-Turkish Tension.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 13, December, 1967 Cyprus, Page 22435. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=greece+cyprus+turkey&x=18&y=15&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=11&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1967&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=1&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1968&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=22435n01cyp&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=13

MID: 1286 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 8/13/1949 to 11/24/1951 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Romania’s Start Date to August 31, 1949;

Change Romania’s fatalities to 0-none; Change End Date of Dispute to December 14, 1951

RATIONALE: Romania’s fatalities cannot be verified, nor can the earlier start date. The original coders looked at the wrong UN Resolution in coding the end date of the dispute. End date should be December 14, 1951.

SOURCES: Rubinstein, Alvin Z. 1970. Yugoslavia and the Nonaligned World.

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. New York Times Wolff, Robert Lee. 1956. The Balkans In Our Time. Cambridge, MA:

Harvard University Press.","NYT suggests there was a simultaneous dispute going on between Albania and Yugoslavia at this time, though it does not appear that Albania had joined forces with the Cominform states."

MID: 1312 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 3/5/1965 to 9/23/1965 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): This MID should be merged with MID1315, dropping MID

1312. RATIONALE: Although India and Pakistan signed a ceasefire on 23 September,

“the ceasefire line separating the two armies continued for several months more to be the scene of continual incidents which served to keep alive the tensions which had resulted in the September crisis” (Lamb, 1967, 130; also see Keesings 1965, 21103). Because some of these incidents appear to have occurred within thirty days of the ceasefire agreement -- which the MID data seem to recognize because 1315 begins the same day 1312 ends -- and the same issue -- Kashmir -- was at the heart of both, one MID did not end and another begin; rather, the same MID continued.

SOURCES: Brecher, Michael and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. A Study of Crisis. Ann

Arbor: University of Michigan Press. “Concentration of Troops on Indo-Pakistan Borders.” Keesing's Record

of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 11, November, 1965 India, Pakistan, Pakistan, Page 21065. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=india+and+pakistan&x=13&y=11&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=9&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1965&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=4&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1966&kssp_d

17 | P a g e

ate_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=21065n01ind&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=11

“Death of Mr. Shastri in Tashkent.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 12, January, 1966 India, Pakistan, Page 21187. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=death+of+mr+shastri&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1931&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=4&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=2010&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=21187n01ind&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=12

Fortna, Page. 2004. Peace Time. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

1966. “India and Pakistan to Begin Withdrawal.” Washington Post. January 25(A8). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=5&did=156350482&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1271698328&clientId=31537

Lamb, Alastair. 1967. The Kashmir Problem: A Historical Survey. New York: Praeger.

“Occupied by Indian Forces.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 11, December, 1965 India, Pakistan, Pakistani, Indian, Pakistan, Page 21103. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=occupied+by+indian+forces&x=0&y=0&kssp_a_id=21103n01ind&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=11

1965. UN Security Council Resolution 209. http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=S/RES/209%20(1965)&Lang=E&Area=RESOLUTION



MID: 1315 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 9/23/1965 to 1/25/1966 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): This MID should be merged with MID1312; to do this,

change Start Date to 3/5/1965. RATIONALE: Hostilities started on 3/5/1965. Although India and Pakistan

signed a ceasefire on 23 September, “the ceasefire line separating the two armies continued for several months more to be the scene of continual incidents which served to keep alive the tensions which had resulted in the September crisis” (Lamb, 1967, 130; also see Keesings 1965, 21103). Because some of these incidents appear to have occurred within thirty days of the ceasefire agreement -- which the MID data seem to recognize because 1315 begins the same day 1312 ends -- and the same issue -- Kashmir -- was at the heart of both, one MID did not end and another begin; rather, the same MID continued.

SOURCES:

18 | P a g e

Brecher, Michael and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. A Study of Crisis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

“Concentration of Troops on Indo-Pakistan Borders.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 11, November, 1965 India, Pakistan, Pakistan, Page 21065. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=india+and+pakistan&x=13&y=11&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=9&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1965&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=4&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1966&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=21065n01ind&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=11

“Death of Mr. Shastri in Tashkent.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 12, January, 1966 India, Pakistan, Page 21187. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=death+of+mr+shastri&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1931&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=4&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=2010&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=21187n01ind&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=12

Fortna, Page. 2004. Peace Time. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

1966. “India and Pakistan to Begin Withdrawal.” Washington Post. January 25(A8). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=5&did=156350482&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1271698328&clientId=31537

Lamb, Alastair. 1967. The Kashmir Problem: A Historical Survey. New York: Praeger.

“Occupied by Indian Forces.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 11, December, 1965 India, Pakistan, Pakistani, Indian, Pakistan, Page 21103. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=occupied+by+indian+forces&x=0&y=0&kssp_a_id=21103n01ind&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=11




MID: 1352 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 2/17/1967 to 9/25/1967 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Add the Netherlands as a participant; Change start

date to February 19, 1967 RATIONALE: The Netherlands should be a member of the dispute. Guinea

accused KLM Airlines of complicity in the arrest of two high-ranking Guinean diplomats. Guinea placed Dutch diplomats and local KLM

19 | P a g e

staff under house arrest since KLM is Dutch-government-owned. See Butterworth page 414. The start date for this MID should be 19 February 1967.

SOURCES: Butterworth, Robert Lyle. 1976. Managing Interstate Conflict.

Pittsburgh: University Center for International Studies. “Dispute arising out of Detention of Guinean Foreign Minister and

U.N. Delegate by Ivory Coast Authorities.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 13, September, 1967 Ivory Coast, Guinea, Page 22245. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=ivory+coast+guinea&x=36&y=11&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=2&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1967&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=11&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1967&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=22245n01civ&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=13

1999. “Guinea-Ivory Coast 1966-67.” Cascon. Online at http://web.mit.edu/cascon/cases/case_gic.html.

“Settlement of Dispute. - Release of Ivory Coast Citizens held in Guinea and of Guinean Foreign Minister and U.N. Delegate detained in Ivory Coast.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 13, October, 1967 Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ivory Coast, Guinea, Page 22306. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=ivory+coast+guinea&x=36&y=11&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=2&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1967&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=11&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1967&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=22306n02gin&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=13

MID: 1376 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 7/7/1975 to 11/16/1975 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Thailand’s Fatality Level to 1-25; Change

Outcome to Yield by Thailand; Change Settlement to None RATIONALE: There is no negotiated settlement for this case. The last

militarized incident appears to be on 18 November 1975; Thailand closed the border the same day but reopened the border at the end of the next month. I do not see a formal or informal agreement.

On 17 and 18 November Thai and Laotian forces clashed on Mekong River near Vientiane. Thailand accused Laos of starting the fight by shelling a Thai river patrol boat. Thailand responded by recalling its ambassador from Laos, closing the border at three districts in Nongkhai, and sending troop reinforcements to the area. Laos accused Thailand of instigation; the Laotians said Thai warships shelled the Lao side of the river. One Thai sailor died in the exchange.

SOURCES: Andelman, David A. 1975. “Pathet Lao Announce Vientiane Take-Over.”

New York Times. August 24(1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=76828202&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264711466&clientId=31537

20 | P a g e

Andelman, David A. 1975. “Thai-Laotian Friendship Unravels on the Mekong.” New York Times. October 30(8). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=76621356&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264711708&clientId=31537

1975. “Laos Bans Bangkok Paper.” New York Times. July 19(2). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=76371935&SrchMode=1&sid=9&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264712313&clientId=31537

1975. “Laos Relations Deteriorate.” Facts on File. August 16. 1975. “Meo Tribesmen From Laos Facing Death in Thailand.” New York

Times. August 15(3). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=76583732&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264711196&clientId=31537

Simons, Lewis M. 1975. “Thai-Lao Border to Open.” Washington Post. December 31(A9). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=120263893&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1265322668&clientId=31537

1975. “Thai Attaches Released.” Facts on File. August 23. 1975. “Thai Sailor Reported Slain By Laotians on the Mekong.” New

York Times. November 18(11). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=80094108&SrchMode=1&sid=10&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264712402&clientId=31537

1975. “Thailand Warned by Laos against Border Incidents.” New York Times. July 9(10). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=82616140&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264711133&clientId=31537

1975. “Thais, in an Act of Retaliation, Expel 2 from Laotian Embassy.” New York Times. August 9(3). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=76381344&SrchMode=1&sid=8&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264712043&clientId=31537

1975. “Thais Used Planes in Clash with Laos.” New York Times. November 20(3). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=90620424&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1264711937&clientId=31537

MID: 1381 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 9/18/1972 to 3/28/1973 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Revision Type to Policy; change End Date to

May 28, 1973 RATIONALE: The NYT published a series of articles detailing raids by

supporters of the former Ugandan president Obote with assistance from the Tanzanian government from Tanzanian territory. Butterworth also describes this dispute as Tanzanian support for Obote's supporters (pgs 459-460). The dispute ended 28 May, not 28 March. See “Eleventh Session of

21 | P a g e

Assembly of Heads of State and Government.” Keesing's, Volume 19, June, 1973 Libyan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Page 25955.

SOURCES: “Armed Invasion of Uganda by Followers of Ex-President Obote.”

Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 18, November, 1972 Uganda, Tanzania, Uganda, Page 25543

Butterworth, Robert. 1976. Managing Interstate Conflict. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.","I left a message with the French embassy on 10/22/09, 12:30 pm. The secretary said no one would be available for an hour.

MID: 1463 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 12/1/1965 to 12/3/1965 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to 3/22/1965; change End Date to

3/24/1965 RATIONALE: According to the COW source, Narayan, this dispute took place

from 22 to 24 March 1965. See pages 101-102. SOURCES:

“Arrest of Alleged Assassins of Mr. Kairon.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 11, April, 1965 India, Page 20685. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=Sucha+Singh&x=0&y=0&kssp_a_id=20685n01ind&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=11

Narayan, Shriman. 1970. India and Nepal: An Exercise in Open Diplomacy. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.

MID: 1524 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 1/22/1834 to 7/22/1834 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to August 6, 1834; change End Date

to February 6, 1834 (six months following seizure with no other militarized incidents)

RATIONALE: Colombia seized the US schooner Andrew Jackson on August 4, 1834 Colombian seizure of the US schooner Andrew Jackson.

SOURCES: Moore, John Bassett. 1909. The Works of James Buahanan. Volume 6.

Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott MID: 1609 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 8/18/1967 to 5/7/1968 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Chile’s Highest Action to 13-Blockade RATIONALE: Chile's highest listed action is a show of force, but in 1967

Chilean naval personnel boarded an Argentine fishing vessel (see Ingrey, 1967, “Chile-Argentine Rift”). Chile's highest action should be blockade.

SOURCES: Bercovitch, Jacob and Richard Jackson. 1997. International Conflict:

A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945-1995. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Browne, Malcolm W. 1968. “Argentine and Chilean Officials Are Edgy in Dispute over 3 Southern Islets.” New York Times. May 8(18). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=7&did=

22 | P a g e

88942280&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268684909&clientId=31537

Butterworth, Robert Lyle. 1976. Managing Interstate Conflict. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.

1967. “Chile Requests Arbitration in Dispute with Argentina.” New York Times. December 12(29). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=2&did=84921479&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268684909&clientId=31537

Collier, Barnard L. 1967. “Chilean Leader Presses ahead with Sedition Case.” New York Times. September 8(2). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=90401862&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268684909&clientId=31537

Ingrey, Norman. 1967. “Chile-Argentine Rift Impedes Progress.” Christian Science Monitor. September 29(5). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=219708532&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268684909&clientId=31537

Ingrey, Norman. 1967. “Naval Tiff Heats between Argentina and Chile.” Christian Science Monitor. January 25(12). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=6&did=219920952&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1268684909&clientId=31537

Moraga, Oscar Espinoza. 1969. El precio de la paz chileno-argentina, 1810-1969. Volume 3. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Nascimento.

MID: 1613 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 3/7/1975 to 6/5/1975 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Outcome to Stalemate RATIONALE: Although there were negotiations and a tentative agreement (on

25 June 1975), this dispute did not end in compromise but in stalemate. The agreement had yet to be given “legal form” (Keesing's, 1975, 27284) and on 12 July “negotiations reached an impasse when the Kuwaiti National Assembly, while expressing support for the efforts latterly made to come to an agreement with Iraq, stressed 'Kuwait's sovereignty over all its territory within the borders which have been approved in accordance with international and bilateral agreements between Kuwait and its neighbors' (Day, 1987, 247). In December Shaikh Jabir al-Ali, Kuwait's acting Minister of Information, reasserted Kuwait's sovereignty over the islands and complained of Iraqi troop border crossings. In January Iraqi Foreign Minister Sa'dun Hamadi said that Iraq was prepared to accept Kuwait's borders if Kuwait would permit Iraq to use Warba and the northern half of Bubiyan for defensive purposes; Kuwait declined, and the two sides continued to contest the islands.

SOURCES: 1975. “Arabs; Love-Machine.” The Economist. June 14. Butterworth, Robert Lyle. 1976. Managing Interstate Conflict.

Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh. Day, Alan J. 1987. Border and Territorial Disputes. Essex: Longman. Finnie, David H. 1992. Shifting Lines in the Sand: Kuwait's Elusive

Frontier with Iraq. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

23 | P a g e

“Iraq.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 21, August, 1975 Iraq, Page 27284. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=iraq+kuwait&x=32&y=10&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1975&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=11&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1975&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=27284n01irq&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=21

Khadduri, Majid. 1990-1991. “Iraq's Claim to the Sovereignty of Kuwayt.” NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 23(5):5-34.

MID: 1624 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 1/22/1842 to 6/15/1842 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to February 14, 1842 RATIONALE: Start date should be February 14, 1842 since that when the

“formal” ceremony signifying British occupation was. SOURCES:

Riviere, Peter. 1995. Absent-Minded Imperialism: Britain and the Expansion of Empire in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. New York, NY: IB Tauris Publishers.

Ireland, Gordon. 1938. Boundaries, Possessions and Conflicts in South America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

MID: 1900 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 3/31/1961 to 3/31/1961 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to May 29, 1961; change end date to

May 30, 1961 RATIONALE: This dispute began on 29 May, when a Danish frigate opened fire

on a British trawler, and ended on 30 May. See “Fisheries Dispute off the Faroes.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 7, June, 1961 Denmark, United Kingdom, Page 18162.

SOURCES: Fisheries Dispute off the Faroes.” Keesing's Record of World Events

(formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 7, June, 1961 Denmark, United Kingdom, Page 18162. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=red+crusader&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=3&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1961&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=6&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1961&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=18162n01dnk&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=7

MID: 2006 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 10/2/1949 to 2/27/1950 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Revision Type to Policy; change Settlement to

None RATIONALE: This is a policy dispute. Taiwan implemented a blockade to

prevent resources from reaching Communist-controlled Shanghai. The Nationalist Chinese Government seized US vessels and attacked others when those ships attempted to run the blockade.

24 | P a g e

On 27 February the US issued press release that it held the "'Chinese government fully responsible' for this 'violation of American rights on the high seas' and demanded that 'such lawless attacks' be not repeated" (Press Release 182, February 27 1950; cited in Woolsey, 1950, 353). There is no mention of negotiation during the dispute.

SOURCES: "Inauguration of the Chinese Communist Republic.” Keesing's Record

of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume VII-VIII, January, 1950 China, Chinese, Page 10441. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=formosa&x=11&y=8&kssp_sortby=Newest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=10&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1949&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=3&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1950&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=10441n01chn&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=vii-viii

Oliver, Frederick L. 1950. “Shelling of US Ship Shows China's Blockade Effective.” Christian Science Monitor. January 10(4). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=3&did=172082532&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1269030176&clientId=31537

Richardson, Wayne. 1950. “US Destroyer Escort Given Flying Arrow.” Washington Post. January 11(1). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=5&did=119315590&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1269030176&clientId=31537

United States Department of State. 1949. Foreign relations of the United States, 1949. The Far East: China Volume IX Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=article&did=FRUS.FRUS1949V09.I0013&id=FRUS.FRUS1949v09&isize=M

“Untitled.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume VII-VIII, January, 1950 China, Page 10443. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=formosa&x=11&y=8&kssp_sortby=Newest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=10&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1949&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=3&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1950&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=10443n01chn&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=vii-viii

Woolsey, L.H. 1950. “Closure of Ports by the Chinese Nationalist Government.” American Journal of International Law 44(2):350-356. Online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193762."

MID: 2040 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 1/22/1920 to 2/28/1920 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to 1/14/1920 RATIONALE: The start date should be 1/14/1920 or earlier, when

revolutionary forces began to prepare at the border for an attack on Honduras.

SOURCES:

25 | P a g e

Baker, George W. 1964. “Ideals and Realities in the Wilson Administration's Relations with Honduras.” The Americas 21(1):3-19. Online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/979702.

Department of State. 1920. Foreign Relations of the United States. Volume I. Online at http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1920v01&isize=M&submit.

1920. “Honduran Rebels Beaten.” New York Times. February 27(16). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=96876495&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266350987&clientId=31537

Munro, Dana G. 1942. The Latin American Republics: A History. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company.

Munro, Dana G. 1934. The United States and the Caribbean Area. Boston: World Peace Foundation.

1920. “Navy Sends Gunboat to Watch Honduras.” New York Times. August 26(1). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=96896809&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266511627&clientId=31537

1920. “Sack Honduran Towns.” New York Times. February 29(16). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=118264313&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266512389&clientId=31537

MID: 2041 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 2/16/1949 to 2/25/1949 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Revision Type to Regime RATIONALE: This is a regime dispute, not a territorial dispute. The

Dominican Republic provided support for the overthrow of the Haitian regime.

SOURCES:

Butterworth, Robert Lyle. 1976. Managing Interstate Conflict. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.

“Caribbean Row Ended.” New York Times. February 26 (6). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=84198344&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1258943264&clientId=31537

1949. “Dominican Denial Made.” New York Times. February 18 (8). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=92662028&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1258944943&clientId=31537

1949. “Haiti Calls for Halt in Dominican Actions.” New York Times. Feburary 17 (8). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=84549533&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1258944674&clientId=31537

1949. Organization of American States document C-sa-18-E. 1949. Organization of American States. International Organization

3(2): 367-369. Online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2703766. MID: 2080 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 7/25/1964 to 7/29/1964

26 | P a g e

SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to July 19, 1964; change Outcome to 6-Compromise

RATIONALE: This dispute began 19 July, the first reports of Argentine patrols in the disputed territory.

This dispute outcome was compromise. Both sides agreed to British arbitration, and the British arbitration court granted part of the territory to Argentina and part to Chile.

SOURCES: 1964. “Andes Problem Inherited by the Queen.” London Times. November

10(9). http://infotrac.galegroup.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/itw/infomark/601/275/66004739w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS152135530&dyn=9!xrn_9_0_CS152135530&hst_1?sw_aep=tusc49521

1964. “Argentina Rejects a Chilean Protest.” New York Times. July 30(7). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=12&did=118671758&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1269101314&clientId=31537

1965. “Lord McNair to Arbitrate in South America.” London Times. February 2(10). http://infotrac.galegroup.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/itw/infomark/601/275/66004739w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS169699394&dyn=9!xrn_10_0_CS169699394&hst_1?sw_aep=tusc49521

1964. “The Queen to Map Andean Border.” London Times. November 9(8). http://infotrac.galegroup.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/itw/infomark/601/275/66004739w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS136537961&dyn=9!xrn_8_0_CS136537961&hst_1?sw_aep=tusc49521

Raymont, Henry. 1964. “Chile Acts to Cut Border Tensions.” New York Times. August 2(24). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=17&did=109567001&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1269101314&clientId=31537

Raymont, Henry. 1964. “Chile Protests Border Barrier.” New York Times. July 25(3). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=3&did=119438243&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1269100472&clientId=31537

19656. “Survey of Andes Frontier.” London Times. January 7(15). http://infotrac.galegroup.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/itw/infomark/601/275/66004739w16/purl=rc1_TTDA_0_CS252275239&dyn=9!xrn_12_0_CS252275239&hst_1?sw_aep=tusc49521

MID: 2119 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 1/23/1981 to 3/6/1981 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Settlement to Imposed RATIONALE: Four guarantors of Rio Protocol arranged a ceasefire on 31

January; fighting ended the next day. Fighting restarted within three weeks; guarantors once again intervened. Ecuador and Peru agreed to a withdrawal of troops outside a nine-mile zone on 17 March 1981.

MID: 2144 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 2/4/1977 to 2/14/1977

27 | P a g e

SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change End Date to February 11, 1977 RATIONALE: Tanzania released the Kenyan bus drivers it had seized on 11

February, not 14 February. See Facts on File. SOURCES:

“East African Airways Folds.” Facts on File. February 12. 1977. “Kenya and Tanzania End Talks.” New York Times. March 17(2).

http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=14&did=75051480&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1269342603&clientId=31537

Ndulu, B.J. and Charles K. Mutalemwa. 2002. Tanzania at the turn of the century: background papers and statistics. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://books.google.com/books?id=HWx95YkQOLsC&pg=PA171&dq=tanzania+kenya+1977+border&as_brr=1&ei=bqCoS6LpCIyuzQSexKj6Dw&cd=1#v=onepage&q=tanzania%20kenya%201977%20border&f=false

“Progressive Disintegration of Common Services.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 23, June, 1977 Kenya, Tanzania, Ugandan, Tanzanian, Page 28410. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=kenya+tanzania+airlines&x=24&y=12&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1977&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=11&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1977&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=28410n01xor&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=xxiii

1977. “Tanzania closes Kenya border.” Facts on File. February 19. 1985. Xinhua News Bulletin. Hong Kong.

http://books.google.com/books?id=1-ZXAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA71&dq=tanzania+kenya+1977+border&as_brr=1&ei=bqCoS6LpCIyuzQSexKj6Dw&cd=2#v=onepage&q=tanzania%20kenya%201977%20border&f=false"

MID: 2163 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 2/19/1983 to 2/19/1983 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to February 20, 1978; change End

Date to February 22, 1978; change Outcome to Victory for Cyprus RATIONALE: The year should be 1978. On 20 February Egypt recalled its

diplomatic mission from Cyprus, and it asked Cyprus to do the same. On 22 February Egypt severed its diplomatic ties with Cyprus for Cyprus's “treachery and complicity” in connection with the incident (Keesing's, 1978, 29303). Diplomatic relations were not restored until after the assassination of Sadat.

There was no negotiated compromise to the dispute; Egypt sent

commandos, not diplomats. To resolve the Larnaca Incident, Egypt sent a plane to Cyprus that it said had Egyptian officials ready to participate in negotiations with the gunmen, but actually 75 commandos were aboard to conduct a raid on the plane. A battle ensued between the Egyptians and Cypriot national guardsmen that resulted in the deaths of fifteen Egyptians and the destruction of their plane. The rest of the commandos surrendered. The next day Cyprus released the commandos but demanded the Egyptian military attache in Nicosia return to Egypt, the two terrorists surrendered and released the hostages, and Cyprus refused to turn the terrorists

28 | P a g e

over to Egypt. Egypt recalled its diplomats from Cyprus and asked Cyprus to do the same. On 22 February Egypt severed its diplomatic ties to Cyprus.

SOURCES: “2 Gunmen in Cyprus Kill Top Cairo Editor and Take Off with 17.” New

York Times. February 19(1). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=112776189&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266237846&clientId=31537

1978. “15 Egyptian Commandos Die in Cyprus Airport Attack.” Facts on File. February 24.

“Attacks on Iraqi Diplomats and on Palestinian Officials.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume XXIV, November, 1978 Iraq, Iraqi, Page 29303. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=egypt+cyprus+larnaca&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1978&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=11&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1978&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=29303n01irq&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=xxiv

1978. “Cypriot Leader Says He Recognizes Why Sadat Severed Ties.” New York Times. February 24(A6). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=110934317&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266238303&clientId=31537

1978. “Cypriots Attack Egyptian Rescue Team.” Washington Post. February 20(A1).

1978. “Cyprus Raid Denounced by Libya and Syria.” London Times. February 21(6). http://infotrac.galegroup.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/itw/infomark/536/694/93330926w16/purl=rc2_TTDA_2_cyprus+egypt___2/18/1978+to+2/24/1978______________________________________________________________________________________&dyn=sig!6?sw_aep=tusc49521

1978. “From Entebbe to Larnaca.” New York Times. February 21(30). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=110932172&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266238158&clientId=31537

Gage, Nicholas. 1978. “Cypriot Chief Asks Sadat to Meet on Repairing Ties.” New York Times. February 22(A7). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=110932703&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266237624&clientId=31537

Gage, Nicholas. 1978. “Cypriot President Says Cairo's Raiders Could Have Caused a Massacre.” New York Times. February 23(A3). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=110933594&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266237937&clientId=31537

Gwertzman, Bernard. 1978. “Carter Lauds Sadat for 'Courageous' Act.” New York Times. February 24(A6). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=110934315&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266237751&clientId=31537

29 | P a g e

Randal, Jonathan C. 1978. “Egypt Cuts Ties in Rift With Cyprus.” Washington Post. February 21(A1).

1978. “The strange affair at Larnaca airport.” The Economist. February 25.

1978. “Terrorists: Murder and Massacre on Cyprus.” Time. March 6. Online at http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,915969,00.html.

Willenson, Kim, Loren Jenkins, William E. Schmidt, and Tony Clifton. 1978. “Debacle in Cyprus.” Newsweek. March 6.

MID: 2204 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 4/22/1909 to 9/4/1909 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to August 19, 1909 RATIONALE: The New York Times reports a simultaneous dispute between

Russia and Japan, over railways in Manchuria, that boiled over into a mobilization on both sides of their forces in the area. The New York Times reported this on August 20, 1909, meaning it occurred on or just before August 19th.

SOURCES: Lee, En-Han. 1977. China's Quest for Railway Autonomy, 1904-1911: A

Study of the Chinese Railway-Rights Recovery Movement. Singapore University Press.

New York Times MID: 2360 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 4/6/1965 to 8/24/1965 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to January 10, 1965 RATIONALE: The start date for this MID should be 10 January, when Egypt

and the YAR joined Saudi Arabia in the Yemeni Civil War. See Brecher and Wilkenfeld page 327.

SOURCES: Brecher, Michael and Jonathan Wilkenfeld. 1997. A Study of Crisis.

Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. 1965. “Egyptian President Is Hailed on Visit to Saudi Arabia.” New

York Times. August 23 (4). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=101563362&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1258347732&clientId=31537

Ferris, Jesse. 2008. Egypt, the Cold War, and the Civil War in Yemen, 1962--1966. Dissertation. Princeton University. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1609283551&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1258354617&clientId=31537&cfc=1

Grenville, John and Bernard Wasserstein. 2000. The major international treaties of the twentieth century, Volume 2. Routledge. http://books.google.com/books?id=-jy7yYiZ8wgC&pg=PA710&lpg=PA710&dq=%2224+august+1965%22+%22saudi+arabia%22+%22united+arab+republic%22+jeddah&source=bl&ots=ivA5yhedMa&sig=183V1BUTaTSAJ_Zgg1W7bBFH0_E&hl=en&ei=0N0AS72YC8eUtge3vtSRDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%2224%20august%201965%22%20%22saudi%20arabia%22%20%22united%20arab%20republic%22%20jeddah&f=false

30 | P a g e

Jessup, John E. 1998. An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. Greenwood. http://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&pg=PA817&lpg=PA817&dq=yemen+saudi+arabia+egypt+%2224+august+1965%22&source=bl&ots=PEuxaSd9XM&sig=8PQN-I0cWw4hY7fuyqkORBl7TBY&hl=en&ei=09oAS-jZL9ywtgfV7qmTDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=yemen%20saudi%20arabia%20egypt%20%2224%20august%201965%22&f=false

Smith, Hendrick. 1965. “Nasser and Faisal Sign Yemen Pact.” New York Times. August 25 (1). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=101564277&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1258347389&clientId=31537

Witty, David M. 2001. “A Regular Army in Counterinsurgency Operations: Egypt in North Yemen, 1962- 1967.” Journal of Military History 65(2): 401-439. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2677166.pdf

MID: 2600 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 7/10/1985 to 7/10/1985 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Outcome to Compromise RATIONALE: This is a compromise rather than a stalemate. France and New

Zealand could not find terms on which to resolve the issue until they asked the UN Secretary-General for help. He issued a ruling in which neither side received everything it wanted (e.g. New Zealand got less money than it asked for but more than France had offered) and both accepted the outcome (see their exchange of notes).

SOURCES: “The Greenpeace affair.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly

Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 32, August, 1986 International, Page 34565. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=rainbow+warrior&x=21&y=15&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=7&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1985&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=9&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1987&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=34565n01xxx&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=32

“Allegations of French government involvement - Arrest of French agents.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 31, September, 1985 New Zealand, French, Page 33852. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=rainbow+warrior&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=7&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1985&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=9&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1985&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=33852n01asi&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=31

MID: 2621 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 7/7/1971 to 8/16/1985 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change End Date to August 4, 1971 RATIONALE: This dispute ends 4 August 1971, when Amin announced that he

had reopened the border with Rwanda. See Africa Research Bulletin (1971, 2193) or Africa Contemporary Record (B-182).

31 | P a g e

SOURCES: "Border Clashes.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly

Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 17, September, 1971 Uganda, Tanzania, Page 24849. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=uganda+rwanda&x=15&y=15&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=7&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1971&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=9&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1971&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=24849n01uga&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=17

“General Amin assumes Title of President.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 17, August, 1971 Uganda, Page 24757. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=uganda+rwanda&x=15&y=15&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=7&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1971&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=9&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1971&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=24757n01uga&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=17

Legum, Colin. 1972. Africa Contemporary Record. New York: Africana Publishing.

1971. Africa Research Bulletin. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 2621 African Contemporary Record

MID: 3037 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 12/17/1984 to 1/25/1985 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change End Date to February 19, 1985; change

Settlement to None RATIONALE: This MID ended on 19 February, the last time the Sri Lankan

navy attacked Indian fishermen. See Associated Press, “Sri Lankan Naval Patrol Kills 2 Indian Fishermen,” February 14, 1985.

On 16 January 1985 Indian Prime Minister Gandhi met with special Sri Lankan envoy to India Lalith Athulathmudali. Gandhi proposed an exchange: India would release the crew of the seized Sri Lankan patrol boat and Sri Lanka would release the seventeen fishing captains it had held since October 1984. At the end of January they conducted the exchange. However, the Sri Lankan navy attacked Indian fishermen again on 29 January, 8 February, 13 February, and 19 February, killing five and wounding more. India protested, so on 17 February Sri Lanka proposed joint patrols on the Strait. India declined, and from 24 February India began air patrols of the Strait.

SOURCES: Athas, Iqbal. 1985. “Rebels kill 39 in train bombing.” United Press

International. January 21. Claiborne, William. 1985. “India Seizes Sri Lankan Navy Patrol

Boat.” Washington Post. January 12(A14). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=8&did=124238372&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1271361279&clientId=31537

Claiborne, William. 1985. “Supply Line from India Aids Sri Lankan Tamil Rebels.” Washington Post. February 6(A13).

32 | P a g e


Claiborne, William. 1985. “Sri Lankan Army on the Defensive.” Washington Post. February 5(A1). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=7&did=124271712&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1271431492&clientId=31537

1985. “Gandhi Holds Meeting With Sri Lanka Envoy.” New York Times. February 10.

1985. “INDIA: CONCERN OVER KILLING OF FISHERMAN BY SRI LANKAN NAVY.” IPS-Inter Press Service. February 15.

1985. “India Seizes Sri Lankan Ship.” Facts on File. February 8. 1985. “Indian Coast Guard Seizes a Ship Belonging to the Sri Lanka

Navy.” New York Times. January 12(2). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=7&did=119131628&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1271361279&clientId=31537

1985. “Indian protest to Sri Lanka over shooting incident: Sri Lankan denial.” February 19. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts.

1985. No title. United Press International. January 15. Ma, Shengrong. 1985. “Roundup: Tension Intensifies in Palk Strait.”

Xinhua General Overseas News Service. January 17. 1985. “Motion in Rajya Sabha on situation in Sri Lanka.” BBC Summary

of World Broadcasts. January 26. Rao, Venugopala. 1985. “INDIA: SRI LANKA PROPOSAL FOR JOINT PATROLS

SAID UNDER STUDY.” IPS-Inter Press Service. February 19. 1985. “Sri Lankan Naval Patrol Kills 2 Indian Fishermen.” Associated

Press. February 14. Weaver, Mary Anne. 1985. “Gandhi Walks Diplomatic Tightrope over

Heated Sri Lanka Dispute.” Christian Science Monitor. January 16(8). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=3&did=203308932&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1271431492&clientId=31537

Weaver, Mary Anne. 1985. “Sri Lanka's War against Separatists Threatens Unity of Island Nation.” Christian Science Monitor. February 4.

Weisman, Steven R. 1985. “Sri Lanka Girding for Long Battle.” New York Times. February 6(A8). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=9&did=119229911&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1271431957&clientId=31537","Also at the end of January Sri Lanka's national security minister, Lalith Athulathmudali, visited Washington. He requested $100 million to fund Sri Lankan military operations, but Secretary of State George Schultz turned him down. He also requested American diplomatic intervention in New Delhi to get India to choke the rebels' supply lines.

MID: 3103 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 12/15/1981 to 12/15/1981

33 | P a g e

SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Outcome to Stalemate; change Settlement to None; change Start Date to December 10, 1981; change End Date to July 7, 1982 (six months rule)

RATIONALE: This does not appear to be a negotiated compromise since there is no formal or informal resolution to the dispute. There are mentions of an agreement between Cameroon and Nigeria in late December and January, but those refer to the 15 May 1981 (MID # 3104) dispute, where armed forces from both states clashed.

A Nigerian official first accused Cameroon of harassing Nigerian fishermen on 10 December; he referred to a “renewed wave of molestation” (BBC, “In Brief; General; Nigeria's Allegation”). There are reports of Cameroonian incursions into Nigeria on 7 January 1982, so the dispute continues at least until then, but it probably lasts longer. In June 1982 the BBC reported (“Nigeria-Cameroon Relations”) that the Nigerian Advance Party called on the Nigerian national government to do more to protect Nigerian territory and citizens from Cameroonian aggression. There are no reports of additional Cameroonian aggression (or anything else relating to the dispute) in the six months from that statement in June.

SOURCES: 1982. “Alleged Cameroon annexation of border villages.” BBC Summary

of World Broadcasts. January 15. 1981. “The Cameroon-Nigeria Dispute.” BBC Summary of World

Broadcasts. December 31. 1981. “Concern at withdrawal of troops from Cameroon border and

press freedom.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. December 19. 1981. “In Brief: General; Nigeria's allegation of molestation of

fishermen by Cameroon gendarmes.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. December 11.

1982. “Nigeria and Cameroon.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. January 14.

1982. “Nigeria and Cameroon.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. January 15.

1982. “Nigeria-Cameroon Relations.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. June 11.

1981. “Nigeria's accusation against Cameroon.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. December 11.

1982. “Speeches by Shehu Shagari and Ahidjo.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. January 15.

MID: 3104 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 5/20/1981 to 5/20/1981 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to May 15, 1981; change End Date to

May 15, 1981 RATIONALE: This dispute took place 15 May 1981. See Keesings “Border

Dispute--Resolution of Crisis.” SOURCES: Berkovitch, Jacob and Richard Jackson. 1997. International Conflict: A

Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management, 1945-1995. Washington DC: CQ Press.

“Border Dispute -Resolution of Crisis.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 27, October, 1981

34 | P a g e

Cameroon, Nigeria, Page 31132. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=cameroon+nigeria&x=14&y=13&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=5&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1981&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=10&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1982&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=31132n02cmr&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=27

1981. “Nigeria and Cameroon Make It Up.” The Times. July 25 (5). http://infotrac.galegroup.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/itw/infomark/0/1/1/purl=rc6_TTDA?sw_aep=tusc49521

MID: 3157 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 7/16/1934 to 7/16/1934 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Fatality precision: UK had one naval officer

killed RATIONALE: The Turkish coast guard killed one British naval

officer.,Keesing's reports the incident took place 14 July 1934. SOURCES: Edwards, Kenneth. 1939. The Grey Diplomatists. London: Rich & Cowan. 1934. “Obituary.” British Medical Journal. July 28. Online at

http://www.bmj.com/cgi/pdf_extract/2/3838/185. “R.N. Officer Shot.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's

Contemporary Archives), Volume I-II, July, 1934 Turkey, Page 1303. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=turkey+robinson&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1931&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=10&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=2009&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=1303n10tur&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=i-ii

“Shooting of British Officers.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume I-II, July, 1934 Turkey, Page 1297. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=turkey+robinson&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1931&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=10&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=2009&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=1297n02tur&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=i-ii

1934. “Turkey Agrees to Joint Inquiry.” New York Times. July 19 (11). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=94552726&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1255493384&clientId=31537

1934. “Turkey (Firing on British Naval Boat).” Hansard: HC Deb 23 July 1934 vol 292 cc1513-4. Online at http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1934/jul/23/turkey-firing-on-british-naval-boat.

1934. “Turks Pay Kin of Slain Briton.” New York Times. August 1 (2). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=94555611&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1255493542&clientId=31537

1934. “Turks shoot two R. N. Officers.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume I-II, July, 1934 Turkey, Turks, Page 1296. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=turkey+robinson&x=0&y=0&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1931&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=10&

35 | P a g e

kssp_time_stop_value[y]=2009&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=1296n04tur&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=i-ii

MID: 3166 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 8/19/1963 to 11/8/1963 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Day to -9 Missing RATIONALE: There is no information supporting an exact day for the start

of this border dispute SOURCES: 1963. “'Al Baath' Challenges Nasser.” New York Times. October 6(240).


1963. “Beirut Denies Syrian Rebels Train in Lebanon.” New York Times. September 25(5). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=94305837&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266434065&clientId=31537

1963. “Lebanon.” Facts on File. Volume 23. Page 383 F-G1. 1963. “Lebanon Charges Syrians Killed 3 in Border Ambush.” New York Times.

October 20(13). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=121485884&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266434781&clientId=31537

1963. “Lebanon Reinforces Defense along the Syrian Frontier.” New York Times. October 21(9). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=121489034&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266435227&clientId=31537

1963. “Syria and Lebanon End Border Dispute.” New York Times. November 9(11). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=1&did=89577470&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266434224&clientId=31537

MID: 3167 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 2/5/1963 to 2/5/1963 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to February 3, 1963; change Syria’s

Highest action to 15-seizure RATIONALE: Start date should be February 3 according to NYT: “The [Syrian]

search [of a Lebanese frontier village] was the second in three days.”

Syria's highest action should be 15, seizure according to NYT. “The Syrians withdrew late last night. However, they took with them one of the three Lebanese villagers they had questioned about illegal travel into Syria”

SOURCES: “Syrians Again Raid Village in Lebanon.” New York Times. February 6

(3). MID: 3599 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 5/2/1919 to 6/9/1919 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change End Date to June 6, 1919

36 | P a g e

RATIONALE: The end date should be 6/6/1919, the day Yugoslav troops occupied Klagenfurt. Fighting ended on that day.

SOURCES: 1919. “Austrians Complain of Entente Justice.” New York Times. June

18(2). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=96315555&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266240878&clientId=31537

1919. “German Cruelty to Carinthians.” Christian Science Monitor. May 26(2). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=7&did=294165402&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266468570&clientId=31537

1919. “Italy and Jugoslavia Ready for War.” Atlanta Constitution. May 4(1). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=2&did=522571792&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266468570&clientId=31537

1919. “Jugoslavs Invade German Austria.” Washington Post. May 2(4). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=140786432&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266468570&clientId=31537

Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo. 1994. Peaceful Territorial Change. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.

1920. “Klangenfurt Voting Proceeds Quietly.” New York Times. October 11(14). http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=103481141&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266475596&clientId=31537

1919. “Slovenians Abused by Austro-Germans.” New York Times. May 25(9). http://proquest.umi.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=96309616&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=10&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=HNP&TS=1266240327&clientId=31537

Steininger, Rolf, Gunter Bischof, and Michael Gehler. 2002. Austria in the Twentieth Century. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

MID: 3646 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 4/21/1910 to 3/22/1911 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Settlement to Imposed; change End Date to

March 27, 1911 RATIONALE: From May, 1910 to April, 1911, the Qing government was forced

to negotiate with Russia several times to re-demarcate the boundary of two countries in order to prevent an invasion. In December 1910, Russia government decided to use the form of an “ultimatum” in order to modify its treaty with China. The ultimatum claimed that “If Qing government refuse one of [the] six requirements, the Russian government will not keep the relationship with Qing government. And Russia will take free action to China” [ED: rough translation]. Russia sent troops to Ili and Manchuria and pressured the Qing government. The Qing government agreed to most of the requirements in February, but Russia was still not satisfied. On

37 | P a g e

March 22, Russia sent a “final ultimatum” to the Qing government and stated that the last day to accept all the requirements was March 28, 1911. Under pressure, the Qing government accepted all requirements on March 27, 1911.

SOURCES: Fu Sunming, 1982. A Brief History of the Russian Aggression of China Changchun: the People's press of Jilin

MID: 3647 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 3/22/1911 to 3/27/1911 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Drop this MID from dataset RATIONALE: MIDs 3646 and 3647 are actually a single dispute between Russia

and China regarding gray areas and Russian provocation/incursion into China's northwest. Nowhere in the book referenced by CoW is there evidence for a separate dispute between the two countries.

SOURCES: Fu Sunming, 1982. A Brief History of the Russian Aggression of China Changchun: the People's press of Jilin

MID: 3709 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 12/14/1939 to 11/3/1940 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to October 11, 1939 RATIONALE: This MID begins 11 October 1939, perhaps earlier. The NYT

reports the seizures on 14 December but referenced the earlier date. SOURCES:

Eagleton, Clyde. 1940. “Interference with American Mails.” American Journal of International Law 34(2): 315-320. Online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2193007.

“Protest to Britain on Interference with U.S. Mails.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume III-IV, January, 1940 United States, Page 3879. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=britain+united+states+mail&x=16&y=11&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1939&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=10&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1940&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=3879n03usa&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=iii-iv

Rejection of U.S. Protest against Mail Censorship.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume III-IV, January, 1940 United Kingdom, Page 3890. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=britain+united+states+mail&x=16&y=11&kssp_sortby=Oldest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=1&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1939&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=10&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1940&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=3890n02uki&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=iii-iv

United States Department of State / Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1939. General Volume I (1939). Page 797. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1939v01.p0809&id=FRUS.FRUS1939v01&isize=M&q1=black%20tern

38 | P a g e

United States Department of State / Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1940. The British Commonwealth, the Soviet Union, the Near East and Africa. Volume III (1940). (pages 79-86, 90, 93)

MID: 3952 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 4/15/1990 to 5/24/1990 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to April 11, 1990 RATIONALE: The dispute started 11 April 1990. See BBC (17 April 1990):

“The Guinea Bissau government has protested to Senegal over the seizure on 11th April of a Soviet vessel, the Orlenok CTM 8331, which was operating under the Guinea Bissau flag, AFP reported on 14th April, citing an official source…”

SOURCES: 1990. “Ethiopia in Brief; Senegal Dakar denies violating Guinea-

Bissau's air space.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. May 8. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7546744292&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7546744266&cisb=22_T7546744265&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=12

1990. “Guinea-Bissau further clashes on border with Senegal.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. May 24. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7546744292&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7546744266&cisb=22_T7546744265&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=6

1990. “Guinea Bissau protests to Senegal over seizure of trawler.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. April 17. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7546744292&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7546744266&cisb=22_T7546744265&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=15

1990. “Guinean clash.” The Independent. May 21. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7546744292&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7546744266&cisb=22_T7546744265&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8200&docNo=8

1990. “In Brief General; Guinea-Bissau calls on Senegal to end border violations.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. April 28. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7546744292&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7546744266&cisb=22_T7546744265&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=14

“Senegal.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 35, August, 1989 Senegal, Page 36840. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/search?kssp_search_phrase=guinea+senegal&x=13&y=12&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=4&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1990&&kssp_time_s

39 | P a g e

top_value[m]=10&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1990&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=36840n02sen&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=36

1990. “Senegal violent incidents in Casamance; border protest by Guinea Bissau.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. May 22. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7546744292&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7546744266&cisb=22_T7546744265&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=7

1990. “West Africa in Brief; Guinea-Bissau border incident Senegalese platoon asked to leave.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. May 4. http://www.lexisnexis.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7546744292&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7546744266&cisb=22_T7546744265&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=13

MID: 3961 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 6/25/1990 to 10/29/1990 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to June 10, 1990 RATIONALE: On 25 June Australian radio reported that Indonesian troops had

crossed into PNG “for the second time in two weeks” (BBC, “Indonesian Troops Pursue Rebels”)

SOURCES: 1990. “Agreement with Rebels Signed.” FOF. August 24. Costello, D. 1990. “PNG SIGNALS TOUGH LINE ON REBELS.” Courier-Mail.

August 21. 1990. “Indonesia admits to troops' ''accidental'' PNG border

intrusion.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. September 27. 1990. “Indonesia and Papua New Guinea ratify border agreement.” BBC

Summary of World Broadcasts. October 30. 1990. “INDONESIA ASKS FOR HELP TO HALT OPM.” Courier-Mail. August

18. 1990. “Indonesia/Papua New Guinea talks over border incursions.” BBC

Summary of World Broadcasts. July 23. 1990. “Indonesian-PNG border security agreement.” BBC Summary of

World Broadcasts. June 15. 1990. “Indonesian troops pursue rebels into Papua New Guinea.” BBC

Summary of World Broadcasts. June 27. 1990. “More clashes reported along PNG-Irian Jaya border.” BBC

Summary of World Broadcasts. August 17. O'Callaghan, Mary-Louise. 1990. “PNG WANTS JOINT BORDER MANAGEMENT.”

Sydney Morning Herald. August 20. O'Callaghan, Mary-Louise. 1990. “TROOPS MOVED TO BORDER CLASH AREA.”

Sydney Morning Herald. August 18. 1990. “PNG DEPORTS REBEL LEADER TO IRIAN JAYA.” Courier-Mail. July

23. 1990. “PNG's protest to Indonesia over border incursion.” BBC

Summary of World Broadcasts. August 15.",Soekarno's presidential certification of 11 April agreement http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=id&u=http://www.papuaweb.org/goi/uu-dll/keppres1990-

40 | P a g e

39.html&ei=Yf6NS9P7C5SWtgez3aypCw&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBAQ7gEwAg&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522Papua%2BNew%2BGuinea%2Bon%2BBorder%2BArrangements%2522%2Bmoresby%2Bindonesia%2B1990%26num%3D50%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26rlz%3D1C1SNNT_enUS362US362

MID: 3975 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 10/27/1991 to 11/5/1991 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Outcome to Stalemate RATIONALE: Mobutu demanded that French and Belgian troops leave, but they

stuck with their plans to stay until they evacuated foreigners. SOURCES:

1991. “Belgium Completes Rescue Mission.” Flight International. November 20.

1991. “Belgian Troops, Defying Mobutu, Stay in Zaire to Assist Foreigners.” New York Times. October 30 (A6). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/30/world/belgian-troops-defying-mobutu-stay-in-zaire-to-assist-foreigners.html?scp=16&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

1991. “Get Out of Zaire Now, West Warns Its Expatriates.” New York Times. October 26 1(3). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/26/world/get-out-of-zaire-now-west-warns-its-expatriates.html?scp=13&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

1991. “Mobutu Foes Battle Each Other in Zaire.” New York Times. October 24 (A3). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/24/world/mobutu-foes-battle-each-other-in-zaire.html?scp=11&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

1991. “Mobutu Ousts Foe and Renews Chaos.” New York Times. October 21 (A6). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/21/world/mobutu-ousts-foe-and-renews-chaos.html?scp=9&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

1991. “Mobutu's Militia Confronts Protesters in Kinshasa.” New York Times. October 22 (A13). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/22/world/mobutu-s-militia-confronts-protesters-in-kinshasa.html?scp=10&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

1991. “Nation Verges on Chaos.” Facts on File. October 31. Noble, Kenneth B. 1991. “'Final Chance' to Leave Zaire, Foreigners

Warned.” New York Times. October 27 1(7). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/27/world/final-chance-to-leave-zaire-foreigners-warned.html?scp=14&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

Noble, Kenneth B. 1991. “Mobutu Meets With Opponents in Zaire.” New York Times. October 29 A(3). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/29/world/mobutu-meets-with-opponents-in-zaire.html?scp=15&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

1991. “OAU Secretary-General says no peace-keepers for Zaire; condemns aid with strings.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. November 19.

Riding, Alan. 1991. “European Troops Are Sent to Zaire.” New York Times. September 25 (A3). Online at

41 | P a g e

http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/25/world/european-troops-are-sent-to-zaire.html?scp=1&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

1991. “Zaire Leader to Take Foes Into Coalition.” New York Times. September 29 1(3). Online at http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/29/world/zaire-leader-to-take-foes-into-coalition.html?scp=5&sq=zaire+france+belgium&st=nyt.

MID: 4090 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 9/17/1997 to 9/17/1997 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to August 11, 1997 RATIONALE: The start date of this dispute should be 11 August 1997 SOURCES:

1997. “Albania protests to Greece after border shooting incident.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. August 15.

1997. “Albania protests to Greece over border incident.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. September 20.

1997. “Greek soldiers reportedly cross border, try to kidnap girl.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. September 20.

1997. “One Albanian killed, one wounded in incident on Greek border.” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. August 14.

MID: 4141 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 2/19/2000 to 2/25/2000 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Revision Type to Territory (assuming territory

can include territorial waters) RATIONALE: MID 4141 is a maritime border dispute between Nicaragua and

Honduras, not a policy dispute. SOURCES:

2000. “Army says Honduran launches attack navy vessels.” BBC World Broadcasts. February 22. http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7519463198&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7519464407&cisb=22_T7519464405&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=6

2000. “Caribbean border dispute erupts between Honduras and Nicaragua.” Deutsche Presse-Agentur. February 21. http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7519463198&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7519464407&cisb=22_T7519464405&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=144245&docNo=9

DeMar, Rebecca. 2002. “Nicaragua-Honduras Territorial Dispute.” TED. Online at http://www1.american.edu/TED/ice/nicaragua-honduras.htm.

International Court of Justice, Application Instituting Proceedings, “Maritime Delimitation Between Nicaragua and Honduras and the Caribbean Sea,” 8 December, 1999. http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/120/7083.pdf. On 8 October 2007

2000. “Renewed sea clash between Nicaraguan, Honduran naval vessels.” Deutsche Presse-Agentur. February 25. http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7519463198&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7519464407&cisb=22_T7519464405&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=144245&docNo=2

42 | P a g e

MID: 4291 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 10/1/1998 to 11/19/1998 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to October 20, 1998 RATIONALE: This dispute ends 20 October, when the agreement is signed. 19

November is the date of Facts on File publication of the peace agreement.

SOURCES: Makovsky, Alan. 1999. “Defusing the Turkish-Syrian Crisis: Whose

Triumph?” Middle East Insight. January/February. Online at http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=383.

1998. “Reports: Turkey sent 10,000 troops to Syrian border.” Associated Press. October 1. http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7522394876&format=GNBFI&sort=DATE,A,H&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7522341114&cisb=22_T7522341113&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=304478&docNo=2

1998. “Syria, Turkey Settle Dispute Over Kurds.” Facts on File. November 19. http://www.lexisnexis.com/us/lnacademic/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7522343856&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7522343869&cisb=22_T7522343868&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=7971&docNo=1

“Turkey.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 44, October, 1998 Turkey, 574. http://www.keesings.com/search?kssp_search_phrase=turkey+syria&x=19&y=10&kssp_sortby=Newest_First&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=10&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1998&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=3&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1999&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=42574n01tur&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_rspn=1&kssp_v_id=44

MID: 4302 ORIGINAL CoW DATES: 8/13/1999 to 9/17/1999 SUGGESTED CHANGE(S): Change Start Date to August 11, 1999 RATIONALE: Start date should be 11 August. See Keesing's page 43089. SOURCES:

1999. “Guinean Foreign Minister Dismisses Liberian 'Accusations'.” BBC Monitoring Africa. August 14.

“Liberia.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 45, August, 1999 International, Page 43089. http://www.keesings.com/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=liberia&x=26&y=6&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=8&kssp_time_start_value[y]=1999&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=9&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1999&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=43089n01lbr&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=45

“Liberia.” Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume 45, September, 1999 Liberia, Page 43135. http://www.keesings.com.libdata.lib.ua.edu/print/search?SQ_DESIGN_NAME=print&kssp_search_phrase=liberia&x=12&y=7&kssp_sortby=Relevance&&kssp_time_start_value[m]=9&kssp_time_start_value[y

43 | P a g e

]=1999&&kssp_time_stop_value[m]=9&kssp_time_stop_value[y]=1999&kssp_date_range_type=publication&kssp_a_id=43135n05lbr&kssp_selected_tab=article&kssp_v_id=45

“Weekly Round-Up - IRINWA-37: 17-Sep-99.” Online at http://idh.cidi.org:8080/humanitarian/irin/wafrica/99b/0011.html.