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Customer Focused, Science Driven, Results Led
Sugar ReformulationWhat are the options for alternative sweeteners?
Carole Bingley
September 2015
•We provide science and technology outsourcing services to the global food and pharmaceutical industries
•>320 staff employed within 10 different laboratories– Method development & validation– Data generation for claim substantiation requirements
(labels, regulatory dossiers)– Resolution of product quality issues, production failures,
stability issues and customer complaints– Product development projects– Consultancy support
RSSL
•What is sugar?
•Role of sugar in food products
•Considerations for sugar replacement
•Sweeteners and bulking agents
Contents
Consumer perception of sugar
•The term ‘sugars’ legally describes a range of ingredients and not just sucrose
• ‘Sugars’ includes all the mono and disaccharides used in foods– Glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose and sucrose
• ‘Sugar’ is a description reserved for sucrose
What is sugar?
Role of sugar in food products•Sweetener
•Structure– texture in fudge, snap in biscuits
•Caramelisation– Action of heat on sugars
•Maillard reaction– Reaction between sugars and proteins
•Fermentation substrate - broken down by yeasts to give alcohol and carbon dioxide
•Preservative– Dissolves readily – high osmotic pressure to control water
activity– Food safety– Extends shelf life
•Dispersion of functional ingredients
•Foam stabilisation
Role of sugar in food products
•Media pressure and consumer awareness
•Calorie reduction
•Tooth decay
•Foods for specific diets
•Technical benefits
•Cost
Why replace sugar?
Sources of sugar in the diet
Sugar, confectionery
and preserves
26%
Soft drinks25%
Biscuits, cakes and
cereals21%
Alcohol10%
Dairy 6%
Other12%
National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008-2012
Considerations for sugar replacement
Cost
Consumer need
NPD or reformulation?
New ProductNo requirement to match taste and texture of current
product, therefore, greater flexibility in ingredient selection
ReformulationNeed to meet consumer expectations in terms of taste,
texture and appearance of current product – careful selection and blending of ingredients required
Reduced sugar or sugar free/no added sugar?Reduced sugar• At least 30% reduction in sugar (EU)• Easier to match current product
Sugar free/ No added sugar• No added sugars• 'Contains naturally occurring sugars‘ if
sugars contributed by ingredients• Technically more challenging
Full sugar Reduced sugar Sugar freeSweeteners Sugar Sugar, Steviol
GlycosidesAspartame,
Acesulfame-KSugars g/100ml
10.6 6.7 0
Energy kcal/100ml
42 27 0.3
Rebalance formulation or sugar replacer?Rebalance formulation
• No ‘unfamiliar’ ingredients
• Reduced sweetness –only suitable for reduced sugar
• Unlikely to impact on calories (and fat may increase)
Sugar replacer
• New ingredients on pack
• Legislation • Match sweetness
intensity of standard• Suitable for reduced
sugar and sugar-free• Can achieve calorie
reduction
Wheat Flour, Maize Flour, Sugar, Palm Oil, Dextrose, Raising Agents (Ammonium Carbonates), Calcium Carbonate, Emulsifier (Monoglycerides), Niacin, Iron, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Vitamin A, Vitamin D
Wheat Flour, Sugar, Palm Oil, Raising Agents (Ammonium Carbonates), Calcium Carbonate, Emulsifier (Monoglycerides), Niacin, Iron, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Vitamin A, Vitamin D
Typical values / 100gOriginal Reduced
sugar
Energy 414 kcal 409 kcal
Fat 7.2g 8.5g
Carbohydrates 79.2g 73.8g
Of which sugars
29.0g 20.1g
Protein 7.0g 7.9g
No Added Sugar
Sweetener (Sorbitol), Strawberries, Acidity Regulator (Citric Acid), Gelling Agent (Pectin)
30% Less Sugar Than Standard Jam (40% More Fruit)
Strawberries, Glucose-Fructose Syrup, Sugar, Water, Gelling Agent: Pectin, Lemon Juice
Intense sweeteners or bulking agents?
• Bulk sugar replacers
• Possibly high potency sweeteners
• High potency sweeteners
• Possibly texturising ingredients
Low Moisture Foods Beverages and high moisture foods
Sugar Replacement in Beverages
Acid and flavour
Sugar
Water
Acid and flavour
Sweetener
Water
42kcal/100ml 0.3kcal/100ml
445kcal/100g
Flour 56%
Fat 17%
Sugar 17%
Water 8%
418kcal/100g
Fat 17%
Bulking agent 17%
Water 8%
Fat 20%
Bulking Agent 17%
Water 8%
Sugar Replacement in Foods e.g. Biscuits
452kcal/100g
Water 9.55%
Flour 68%
Fat 20%
Sweetener 0.05%
Flour 56%
Ketchup with 50% less sugars
Sweeteners: Sugar, Steviolglycosides
Milkshake with 40% less sugar
Sweeteners: Fructose, Sugar, Acesulfame-K, Sucralose
70kcal per bar
Contains Oligofructose Syrup
52kcal per biscuit
Contains Polydextrose
Sugar Free Mints
Sweetener: Sorbitol
Sugar Free Butter Candy
Sweeteners: Isomalt, Acesulfame-K
Sweeteners From Natural Origin or Synthetic Sweeteners?
Sweeteners from Natural Origin • Positive consumer
image• Higher cost• Sweet taste quality
may limit maximum sweetness
Synthetic HPS• Lower cost• Well accepted
sweet taste• Some negative
press
Flour 56%
High Potency Sweeteners
From Natural Origin• Thaumatin• Stevia/Rebaudioside A• Luo Han Guo• Brazzein• Monatin
Synthetic• Saccharin• Cyclamate• Aspartame• Acesulfame-K• Sucralose• Neohesperidine DC• Neotame• Advatame
Fat Free Yogurt with sugars and sweeteners
Sweeteners: Fructose, Aspartame
Beans with 50% less sugar
Sweeteners: Sugar, Steviol glycosides
Beans with 30% less sugar
Sweeteners: Sugar, Saccharin
Juice drink with no added sugars
Sweeteners: Acesulfame-K, Sucralose
Bulking agents
Polyols• Can have similar properties to the sugars being replaced• Contribute sweetness so may mean that HPS are not
required• Warning label required when polyol exceeds 10% of product• Sweetener Directive can limit use
Alternative Bulking Agents• May increase fibre content of product• Can be label friendly• No / low sweetness – may require HPS• May require careful formulation to match full sugar product
• Polyols– Maltitol, isomalt, sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol
• Alternative sugars– Trehalose, isomaltulose, allulose
• Polydextrose
• Inulin/Fructo-oligsaccharides
• Novel soluble fibres– Nutriose (Roquette), Promitor (Tate & Lyle)
• Starches / low DE maltodextrins
Bulk Sugar Replacers
No Added Sugar Milk Chocolate
Sweeteners: Inulin, Maltitol (<10%), Steviol Glycosides
Sugar Free Sweets
Sweeteners: Isomalt, Sorbitol, Aspartame, Acesulfame-K
128kcal per Lolly
Contains inulin labelled as Chicory Root Fibre
Sugar Free Gum
Sorbitol, Xylitol, Maltitol, Maltitol Syrup, Aspartame, Sucralose, Acesulfame K
Summary•Huge number of options in terms of ingredients to
reduce sugar, most appropriate will depend on;
– Food matrix
– Brand and positioning
– Cost
– Target consumer
– Likely consumption levels