Successes and Challenges in Sustainable Aquaculture

SeaWeb Seafood Summit19 June 2018

Seafood feeding the world

Chris Ninnes, CEO19 June 2018

20187.620.000.000 people

20187.620.000.000 people

20509.500.000.000 people

20187.620.000.000 people

20509.500.000.000 people

210010.800.000.000 people

Limited Resources Available

• <30% of Planet Earth, is earth• ≈40% of earth already in use for human food production• ≈10% more land can be converted

– Includes severe impacts on (rain)forests, wetlands and other sensitive areas.

• Concept of Ecological overshoot well discussed but it isn’t just an “ecological” relates to the “human ecosystem”

Ecological control (need to optimize inputs):1. Food2. Disease3. Predation

Ecological overshoot…

Human overshoot:1. Food2. Disease3. Conflict

Human overshoot…

World overshoot…

Efficient & less-impactful food is needed to allow for 9.5 … 10.8 billion to exist and live

Pressure on current

systems

Resource availability

More people

Planet earth = 70.8% water, 29.2% land 38% of land for food production….maximum 10% more available!

Animal protein efficiency

Planet earth = 70.8% water, 29.2% land 38% of land for food production….maximum 10% more available!

ASC Vision A world where aquaculture plays a major role in supplying food and social benefits for mankind whilst minimisingnegative impacts on the environment

Hurdles to address

o Hurdle 1: Feedo Hurdle 2: Antibioticso Hurdle 3: Escapeso Hurdle 4: Ecological carrying capacityo Hurdle 5: Societal carrying capacity

Hurdle 1: Feed

• Aquaculture fully dependent on agriculture– Competition for feed, food & fuel on same crop– Agriculture largest driver of land-based impacts

• Pressure on wild stocks – oil dependency– Non-fish sources of EPA/DHA on time in volume?

• Unbalanced focus feed sustainability!– Agri-ingredients drive vastly bigger impacts compared to marine

ingredients

Hurdle 2: Antibiotics

• Human health issue, not an environmental issue• Livestock contributes to problem – not the main driver• Aquaculture must learn from pitfalls livestock farming….less is

more!

Hurdle 3: Escapes

• Chances of disruption of local environment• Aquaculture farms impactful invasive species (tilapia, trout,

shrimp) – need for responsible practices

Hurdle 4: Ecological carrying capacity

• Algae blooms, low dissolved oxygen, disease outbreak and spread…..too dense farming, or wrong siting – carrying capacity consequences can be expected

• Need for attention for best practices learning on siting!

Hurdle 5: Societal carrying capacity

• Aquaculture brings poverty and hunger alleviation – especially in areas where other animal protein sources fall short

• Impacts on communities and native land owners creates reputational concerns

• Social issues a societal issue

Addressed hurdles

Hurdle 1: FeedHurdle 2: AntibioticsHurdle 3: EscapesHurdle 4: Ecological carrying capacityHurdle 5: Societal carrying capacity

20187.620.000.000 people

20509.500.000.000 people

210010.800.000.000 people

Aquaculture – the efficient and low-impact food for the future!

Pressure on current

systems

Resource availability

More people

Thank you!

SeaWeb Confrerence

Barcelona, 6/19/2018

Successes and Challenges in Sustainable Aquaculture

Aquaculture: The Future of Seafood

Farming seafood viaAquaculture relieves pressure from the ocean’s depleted wild fisheries.

With the global population expected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, the demand for healthy, sustainable animal proteins is continuing to increase.

Farmed fish is the most efficient form of animal protein on the planet [National Geographic].

By 2030, nearly two-thirds of all seafood produced for human consumption will come from aquaculture [World Bank].

Food SafetyAssurance that no banned

antibiotics or other chemicals are used and that all approved chemical

treatments are carried out in a responsible fashion.

The Pillars of Sustainability

Social ResponsibilityAdherence to local laws for worker safety, child labor and community

rights.

Environmental Responsibility

Compliance with standards that address such issues as habitat

conservation, water quality and effluents.

Animal Health & WelfareBest practices in animal husbandry,

addressing issues such as disease control.

Certification: The Future of Sustainability

SEAFOOD INDUSTRY CHALLENGES

• Antibiotics

• Disease prevention

• Aquafeed

• Animal welfare

Antibiotics

• Disease is a major obstacle limiting production of each of the major aquaculture species• SRS in salmon• Early mortality syndrome in shrimp• Streptococcus in tilapia

• Increasing reliance on antibiotics poses critical human health issues through antimicrobial resistance

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Early Mortality Syndrome, EHP, White Feces Disease,

Running Mortality Syndrome.

Disease prevention

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• The key to reducing antibiotic usage is a whole chain approach using breeding, vaccines, functional feeds, farm management, and area management.

• Standards should also require proper disinfection of wastes by processing plants

Disease Prevention:Biosecurity Area Management

Tilapia in Colombia

Salmon in Chile

Shrimp in Honduras

f3challenge.org

Aquafeed:Sparing use of Fishmeal

• Fishmeal and oil supplies are declining, so we must spare their use• Soybean meal, soy concentrate, insect and microbial meals• Encapsulated amino acids and synthetic attractants

Source: Gorjan Nikolik, Rabobank

Aquafeed: New alternatives for fish oil

• EPA and DHA are essential for heart and brain health

• Alternatives to fish oil• Algal oil • Coming soon: Engineered canola oil

and camelina oil

Additional topics: Certification Challenges• Gaps

• Social issues on fishing vessels• Social and environmental issues in fishery processing

plants

• Overlaps• Several groups are certifying aquaculture farms and

processing plants, but few are benchmarked to GFSI, GSSI, and GSCP

Certification:Eliminate gaps and overlaps in aquaculture and fisheries certification

• Comprehensive Seafood Assurances to eliminate gaps and overlaps

• Consolidate and unify aquaculture and fishery standards under a common umbrella based on GFSI, GSSI, and GSCP benchmarks

Continuing Initiatives: Program Enhancements

Enhanced Internal BAP QMS Policy and

Procedures

Enhanced SA & EHS Audit option for SPS applicants

Enhanced Food Safety & Residue

Sampling/Testing

Governance

Control Documents

Standards Management

Certification Management

BAP Operations Management

Enhanced Social Accountability & E.H.S. Audit Option

• Enhanced Social Accountability Audit option was implemented for BAP facilities on a voluntary basis starting June, 2018:

• Addition of an appropriately-trained social accountability auditor into our Initial & Annual Audits, working alongside the main auditor, to focus solely on SA and EHS clauses.

• All current SA and EHS audit causes remain the same, but are “enhanced” by separating them out and having a specially-trained auditor delve into them in greater depth.

• Enhanced BAP Audits cater to those facilities, suppliers and market-place endorsers who seek to differentiate their supply chains by the added assurance of in-depth audits.

3rd Party Food Safety And Residue Sampling & Testing Program

1. Samplers and Labs assigned by BAP to guarantee complete anonymity.

2. Takes place before the annual recertification or new certification audit.

3. Lab results reported directly to BAP and reviewed by the cert. auditor.

Enhanced Food Safety and Residue Sampling & Testing

Enhanced Food Safety and Residue Sampling & Testing

Additional topics: Climate ChangePredicted Artic Sea Ice Change in 2076-2100

Courtesy: Dr. Liz Drenkard (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)

---- Loss of sea ice leaves Arctic Ocean open in December---- Deeper into winter (Jan, Feb, Mar) the ice still develops

Current climate Future climate

High ice cover

Low ice cover

Global warming:Novel feed ingredients like seaweeds• One of the world’s fastest

growing plants• To sequester CO2 to reduce global

warming

• Amenable to large-scale, open-ocean production

• To use as a fermentation substrate for production of feed ingredients

Additional topics: Global Price volatility• Production drops and surges with poor transparency• Fragmented and disorganized structure• Regions are self-competing instead of market building

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Jan-05 Oct-07 Jul-10 Mar-13 Dec-15 Sep-18

Frozen Shrimp Imports, Shell-On 21-25 2017 USD/lb

Broiler, wholesale 2017 USD/lb

Price volatility of shrimp

• Improve information exchange between supply and demand• Build trust and position for transformational growth• To be discussed with producers and buyers at GOAL 2018 in Guayaquil

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SupplyNational producer

associations

DemandKey Buyers from Major

Markets

Projections & transparency

Specifications and promotions

Traceability

BlockchainTraceability

• Without traceability, there is no accountability

• We need to move from mass balance, chain of custody, traceability to lot based digital traceability

• GAA has developed and beta tested a block chain traceability software

• We look forward to working with other certification programs to improve industry wide traceability

Thank YouADDRESS2 International Drive, Suite 105Portsmouth, NH 03801

EMAIL Greg.Brown@bapcertification.org

PHONET (603) 317-5000(734) 548-3387

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