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MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT DIRECTORATE FOR ROADS OF VIETNAM

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

SUBPROJECTIMPROVEMENT AND EXPANSION OF 1.4 KM OF

NATIONAL HIGHWAY 2 AT THE SECTION FROM KM 284+600-KM 285+600 IN HA GIANG PROVINCE

UNDER VIETNAM ROAD ASSET MANAGEMENT PROJECT (VRAMP)

HA GIANG, DECEMBER 2020

Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................ivLIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................vLIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................viiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................1CHAPTER 1. SUBPROJECT INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION...........................5

1.1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SUBPROJECT...............................51.1.1. General background of the subproject..................................................................51.1.2. Objectives of the subproject..................................................................................6

1.2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ESMP PREPARATION.............................61.2.1. Legal documents and technical standards of GoV................................................61.2.2. Social and environmental safeguards policies and guidelines of WB..................9

1.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT.................................................................111.3.1. Subproject location.............................................................................................111.3.2. Detail description of the investment...................................................................131.3.3. Construction method...........................................................................................151.3.4. List of construction machinery and equipment...................................................211.3.5. Demand for construction material and disposal..................................................221.3.6. Subproject implementation arrangement............................................................231.3.7. Total investment..................................................................................................251.3.8. Subproject implementation progress...................................................................25

1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODS.........................25CHAPTER 2. NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 28

2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS.......................................................................................282.1.1. Geology...............................................................................................................282.1.2. Topography.........................................................................................................292.1.3. Geological characteristics...................................................................................292.1.4. Climatic and meteorological conditions.............................................................302.1.5. Hydrological conditions......................................................................................302.1.6. Natural resources................................................................................................31

2.2. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE SUBPROJECT AREA.312.2.1. Air quality...........................................................................................................322.2.2. Surface water quality..........................................................................................332.2.3. Groundwater quality...........................................................................................342.2.4. Soil quality..........................................................................................................35

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2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS........................................................................362.4. INFRASTRUCTURAL STATUS..............................................................................392.5. SPECIFIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE SUBPROJECT AREA.................................................................................................40

CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT...............453.1. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE SUBPROJECT.......................................................453.2. TYPES AND SCOPES OF IMPACTS......................................................................453.3. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE PRECONSTRUCTION PHASE..........................473.4. IMPACTS AND RISKS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE......................50

3.4.1. General impacts during the construction phase..................................................503.4.2. Specific impacts..................................................................................................663.4.3. Site - specific impacts for the subproject area....................................................72

3.5. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE OPERATION PHASE.........................................773.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACT.........................................................................................783.7. INDUCED IMPACT..................................................................................................78

CHAPTER 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN................804.1. IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES.....................................................................80

4.1.1. Measures Incorporated into Detailed Design......................................................804.1.2. Mitigation measures during the pre-construction process..................................804.1.3. Measures to be implemented during construction phase....................................824.1.4. Mitigation measure during the operation phase................................................121

4.2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION..............1224.2.1. Implementation arrangement............................................................................1224.2.2. Role and responsibility.....................................................................................122

4.3. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE FRAMEWORK.........................................1254.3.1. Environmental and Social Responsibility of PMU3 / Detailed Design Consultant

1254.3.2. Environmental responsibility of the contractor.................................................1254.3.3. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP)..............1264.3.4. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO)........................1274.3.5. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC)...........................1274.3.6. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC)..................................1284.3.7. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements...................................1294.3.8. Environmental Complaints and Sanction System.............................................1294.3.9. Reporting...........................................................................................................129

4.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM................................................1304.5. CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

131

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4.5.1. Assessment of social and environmental management capacity of PMU3......1314.5.2. Capacity building program of safeguard policy................................................131

4.6. ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION.....................................1324.6.1. Estmated costs for environmental monitoring program....................................1324.6.2. Estmated cost for IEMC....................................................................................1324.6.3. Estimated costs for training program................................................................1324.6.4. Total estimated costs for ESMP implementation..............................................133

4.7. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)..................................................134CHAPTER 5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE.....137

5.1. PUBLIC CONSULTATION....................................................................................1375.1.1. Consultation with CPC/WPC............................................................................1375.1.2. Public consultation result..................................................................................1375.1.3. Opinion of the Communal People's Committee and the organization directly affected by the subproject...............................................................................................1385.1.4. Opinions of community representatives directly affected by the subproject....1385.1.5. Feedback and commitment of the subproject owner on the proposal, recommendation, requirement of the consulted agencies, organizations and community

1395.2. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE............................................................................140

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ABBREVIATIONS

AHs Affected Households

CC Climate change

AC Asphalt concrete

CeC Cement concrete

CMC Construction monitoring consultant

DED Detailed engineering design

DOC Department of Construction

DOF Department of Finance

DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment

DOT Department of Transport

DPI Department of Planning and Investment

EIA Environmental impact assessment

ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment

ESCOP Environmental and Social Code of Practice

EMC External Monitoring Consultant

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMS Environmental monitoring system

FS Feasibility study

MOC Ministry of Construction

ODA Official Development Assistance

PMU Project Management Unit

PSC Project Steering Committee

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

RP Resettlement Plan

P/CPC Provincial/City People’s Committee

URENCO Urban Environment Company

WB World Bank

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Description of construction items of the subproject...................................................13

Table 2: The proposed list of equipment, machines use for subproject....................................21

Table 3: Quantity of main construction materials for the subproject.......................................22

Table 4: Locations of material supply sources in Ha Giang province......................................22

Table 5: Subproject implementation progress..........................................................................25

Table 6: Communes in the subproject location........................................................................28

Table 7: Air sampling locations in the supproject...................................................................32

Table 8: Analyzing results of air environment.........................................................................33

Table 9: Surface water sampling locations...............................................................................33

Table 10: Analyzing results of surface water quality...............................................................34

Table 11: Groundwater sampling locations..............................................................................34

Table 12: Analyzing results of groundwater quality.................................................................35

Table 13: Soil sampling locations.............................................................................................35

Table 14: Analyzing results of soil quality...............................................................................36

Table 15: Ethnicity of the surveyed people..............................................................................37

Table 16: Main occupation of household heads.......................................................................37

Table 17: Monthly average income of household.....................................................................38

Table 18: Household’s average monthly spending...................................................................38

Table 19: Water use in the subproject ward/commune.............................................................39

Table 20: Specific socio-economic and environmental conditions..........................................41

Table 21: Negative impacts which may be caused by the subproject.......................................46

Table 22: Summary of the types of land acquired in the NH2 section – Ha Giang province...48

Table 23: Earthwork volume of works items............................................................................51

Table 24: Dust concentration generated from earthwork activities of the subproject..............51

Table 25: Coefficient of emission of exhaust gases..................................................................52

Table 26: Estimated emissions generated from construction equipment..................................52

Table 27: The volume of materials transported and the number of trips of the vehicle...........53

Table 28: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of materials................................53

Table 29: Noise generated from construction machinery and equipment................................54

Table 30: Maximum noise level by distance............................................................................54

Table 30: Additional noise level with multiple sources of noise at a single position...............55

Table 32: Vibration of some typical construction machinery and equipment..........................56

Table 32: Vibration decrease by distance.................................................................................56

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceTable 34: Domestic wastewater generated in the construction phase.......................................57

Table 35: Volume of pollutants generated by each person per day..........................................57

Table 36: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater................................58

Table 37: Rain intensity calculated in the subroject area.........................................................59

Table 38: Stormwater overflow through the construction site (Unit: m3/s)..............................59

Table 39: Volume of solid waste generated from construction phase......................................60

Table 40: Noise level of motor vehicle.....................................................................................77

Table 41: Maximum noise level according to the distance from the vehicles.........................77

Table 42: Estimated cost of compensation and support of the subproject................................81

Table 43: Measures to minimize impacts and risks in the pre-construction process................82

Table 44: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOPs)........................................84

Table 45: Mitigation measures of specific impacts during the construction phase................112

Table 46: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase.........115

Table 48: Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis..............................................................132

Table 49: Estimated cost for independent environmental monitoring....................................132

Table 50: Estimated costs for training program......................................................................133

Table 51: Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation............................................................133

Table 52: Number of people attending community consultation meetings in communes / wards.......................................................................................................................................137

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Map of the work intem under the uppgrading and expanding of NH2 subproject, section Km284+500 - Km 286+00..........................................................................................12

Figure 2: Geological location of the subproject........................................................................28

Figure 3: Sampling locations for environmental monitoring....................................................32

Figure 4: Boundary of site clearance for the NH 2 section Km 284+600-Km 285+995..........49

Figure 5: Illustrative images for UXO clearance......................................................................50

Figure 6: Diagram of ESMP implementation arrangement....................................................122

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Basis of the project

Based on the gained results of the Vietnam Road Asset Management Project (VRAMP) and the determination of the residual capital of the VRAMP project, the Ministry of Transport has proposed and being supported by the World Bank (WB) for investment in some relevant sections of the route related to the scope of VRAMP Project to bring higher economic and social efficiency. Therefore, Therefore, MOT proposed the subproject to strengthen the road surface of National Highway 6, section Km70 + 650 - Km78 + 300 and improve the intersection at both ends of the route. The objective of the subproject is not out of the scope of the VRAMP project, specifically, enhancing the effectiveness of the VRAMP project aiming at socio-economic development in the northern key economic region, reducing transport cost and reducing traffic congestion and accidents on national highways. Establishing the bases and methods for the scientific and effective maintenance, upgrading and management of Vietnam's roads. The subproject is expected to be implemented in 2 years, from 2021 to 2022. Total Cost Estimates of the Subproject is 3,83 million USD.

Legal and technical basis for ESMP

The environmental assessment conducted during the preparation of the subproject has determined that the subproject has classified as a Category B subproject. The environmental and social safeguards policies to be applied to the subproject include: Environmental assessment (OP / BP 4.01); Indigenous peoples (OP / BP 4.10) and Involuntary Resettlement (OP / BP 4.12).

Description of the subproject

The subproject will remain the scale of improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province, of which: the total length of the route is 1.4 km, meeting the standard for urban main street; road foundation width 25.0m, road surface width 15.0m; design speed of 60km / h; Separator: 2.0m; Internal rumble strip: 2x0.5m = 1m; Lane: 2x7.0m = 15.0m; External rumble strip: 2x0.5m = 1m; Sidewalk: 2x3.5 = 7.0m; Horizontal drainage sewers and Longgitudinal drainage ditch, longitudinal sewer; protection works, traffic safety. The sub-project will be implemented for a period of 12 months (starting in 2021 and ending in 2022).

Social and environmental condition

In October 2020, 2 air samples, 2 surface water samples, 1 groundwater samples, and 2 soil samples were tested and analyzed to assess the environmental quality in the subproject area. The field trip and environmental surveys show that quality of air, surface water, underground water and soil is still in good condition.

The subproject will be implemented in 2 communes in Ha Giang province. At the first section of the route at Km284 + 600 (NH2), there are cliff, production forest on the left side of the road, and households’ gardens with trash trees and the Lo river at the right side of the road;

At the next section to the end of the route at Km 286 + 000, there are also cliffs, production forests and bushes on the left side. There are a number of houses scattered along the two sides of the route; On the right side, there are mostly households’ orchards and gardens with trash trees; There is a power line along the left side.

The terrain here is featured with high and difficult mountains, with big horizontal and longitudinal slopes, strongly divided by deep valleys where there is ability of land erosion in

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceheavy rains. The terrain is strongly disserted, at some locations, there are crossing or encroachment to the irrigation ditches or natural waterbodies.

Social and Environmental Impacts and Risks

The ESMP has identified negative impacts and potential risks of the subproject. Most of the impacts are temporary, local and reversible due to medium-sized structures. These impacts can be mitigated by applying appropriate technology and specific mitigation measures, and the contractor must closely monitor and consult with local people.

General impacts

Dust, exhaust gas, noise, vibration, wastewater, solid waste from construction activities and workers' daily life: These impacts can be considered low to moderate and can be mitigated.

Specific impacts

Impact of roadbed expansion activities: The construction of the subproject road shall require the expansion of the road to the right; therefore, a small part of the existing hill/mountain area will be removed/cleared. Based on the geological investigation results, bucket excavators are expected to be used to widen the roadbed locations with below grade IV. For locations with stiffer rock grade, baking powder will be used to break the rocks (not use explosive to break rock) by drilling holes. Therefore, because of the application of this method, the environmental impacts and risks such as dust, noise, occupational accidents, etc., from rock breaking are assessed as Minor and controllable by compliance with the technical specifications before the rock breaking process.Impacts on water quality of Lo River: This impact takes place at the construction area of Lo river during construction because runoff water can wash away pollutants in the area (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and waste, etc.) into Lo River, causing water pollution. This will contribute to increase in suspended substances in the water source, affecting the aquatic flora and fauna in the Lo River. The impacts are assessed from Minor to Moderate, temporary and mitigable.

Impacts of soil erosion and landslides: In the construction process, landslides, subsidence and cracks can occur due to the following reasons: It may be due to errors in the construction process that do not comply with the specifications in the design drawings; Heavy rains that appear in the early rainy season (from June to September) can also cause landslides and erosion; In addition, landslide, subsidence, cracking of items can also be caused by the change of engineering geology in the project area, affecting the quality of the work. Locations at risk of landslide, landslide and inundation: The left-hand sloping terrain is close to the rocky mountain range from Km 285 - Km 286. The impact is assessed to be high if it rains, otherwise it is considered to be LOW and can be minimized by closely monitoring the construction methods.

Impacts on productive forest land: It is expected to acquire an area of 27,833 m2 of productive forest land, a part forest land of 6 households, mainly timber trees for production such as eucalyptus, acacia, etc. The remaining area of planted forest land within a radius of 50 - 100m will also be affected by construction activities, affecting photosynthesis and the growth of trees due to dust, exhausted gas, and workers’ non-compliance behaviors such as cutting down trees for firewood, etc. In general, this impact level is low because of: (i) short construction time on each road section (3 - 6 months), (ii) local and short-term impacts, the impact scope is mainly in the work area, (iii) clear environment, which facilitate the dust dispersion.

Interruption of road traffic activities: The construction of the subproject work will affect road traffic on NH2 from Km284 + 600 to Km 286 + 000 (1.4km long). The disruption is mainly

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceconcentrated in the starting and ending points of the route. The pavement of proposed road is made of asphalt concrete with relatively consistent quality. In the construction process, traffic control will be required. It is expected to divide the construction area into sections, each section is about 200m long, and road bed of 4m-wide. Accordingly, the remaining width of the roadbed will be 8m, enough for 2 motor lanes. The construction activities will obstruct the traffic on the route, causing congestion and potential accidents, especially at the invisible turning corner along the mountainside.Mitigation measures

Mitigation measures for general impacts

The detailed environmental and social mitigation measures for each impact source, respectively during project phases, include: (i) general impact mitigation measures (ESCOPs); (ii) site-specific impact mitigation measures; and (iii) measures to minimize impacts on sensitive receptors.

Mitigation measures for specific impacts

Minimize impacts from the roadbed expansion activities: Apply construction method using baking powder to break rock (not use the blasting construction method) by drilling boreholes; Locate the locations where the hole needs to be drilled to pour liquid powder in order to break, separate stone and concrete as desired; Mix water into the powder according to the prescribed ratio and pour liquid powder into the drilled hole; When the hydration reaction occurs, the stone and concrete will be broken according to the design. Then it is cleaned the soil and rock layer to create the road foundation as designed; Fully equipped with warning signs, safety distance and labor protection for workers when participating in rock breaking.

Minimize impacts on water quality of Lo River: Create sedimentation pits and maintain them periodically to ensure that most solids in the surface flow are retained in the sedimentation pit before flowing into the existing Lo river drain or water source on the right side along the route; It is strictly forbidden for contractors to discharge waste into Lo river; Site diaries must be kept daily. Basing on storm weather forecasts, it will suspend all construction activities, clean up the sites and protect materials and construction machinery; Do not gather construction materials as well as machinery and equipment near Lo river. Gather construction materials with moderate volume in accordance with the construction schedule. Materials must be covered with canvas, avoiding the upwind position and near Lo river; It is strictly forbidden to discharge hazardous waste, waste oil or grease cloth into the Lo river flow.

Minimize impacts caused by erosion and landslides: Before digging, reinforcement will be carried out. Construction methods of construction contractors must be proposed and submitted to relevant authorities for approval; Ensure that land acquisition and house relocation at the project boundary are completed before starting construction work; Use construction methods suitable for each construction location; Closely monitor the vibration level; Do not perform the digging of foundation during heavy rain; Check and monitor the risks of land subsidence, it must be regularly checked the landslide status to prepare appropriate reinforcement plans; Ensuring the continuous supervision of the CSC and the Contractor during construction to monitor the potential risk of erosion and landslides and, if necessary, take appropriate action.

Minimize impacts on productive forest land: Inform the community about the construction progress at least two weeks before construction; Zoning the boundary of the construction area with the production forest to avoid causing damage or cutting trees for firewood, reinforcement to works, ...; Issue the Code of Conduct of workers on site and train workers to comply; Compensation for damage to plants during construction; water to reduce dust on site to minimize scattered dust on the leaf surface, affecting crop productivity of households.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceMinimize impacts to traffic activities: Planning of traffic management in the construction area which is approved by management units; Arranging construction in each segment, ensuring reasonable construction lanes to minimize the risk of traffic congestion on the route; Install and maintain signs, barriers, traffic lights to ensure safety for people and vehicles in traffic; Arrange and provide separate, safe and convenient walkways for pedestrians and people with disabilities; Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area; Establish and maintain traffic signs and warnings to ensure safety for people and vehicles during construction; Spray/water roads to avoid dust, limit the speed of trucks, do not horn and do not discharge waste and wastewater into existing residential areas; Ensure lighting for construction site at night,....

Environmental and Social Management Plan

The ESMP of the subproject includes measures to minimize negative impacts, roles and responsibilities for ESMP implementation, supervisors, environmental compliance framework, reporting organization, and environment monitoring program, capacity building program and ESMP implementation costs. Estimated cost of USD 29,102.

During the construction process, ESMP requires the participation of a number of stakeholders and agencies, each with a unique role and responsibility, including the PMU3, Department of Natural Resources & Environment of Ha Giang Province, Contractor, Construction supervision consultant (CSC), Independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) and local community.

Public consultation and Information dissemination

Public consultation: Public consultation activities were conducted in 02 communes Dao Duc and Phuong Thien of Ha Giang province in October 2020. The consultation was conducted with representatives of government agencies and union organizations. such as: Representatives of People's Committee, Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee, Women's Union, households affected by the project. The local authority and people in the commune/ward in the construction area are completely in agreement on the implementation of the project, which will bring about socio-economic and environmental benefits. However, 02 affected communes all require environmental sanitation during construction, especially limiting dust, waste, noise and need to ensure traffic safety and need to be completed quickly to ensure progress.Information disclosure: The draft ESMP in Vietnamese was published at the offices of 02 communes in October 2020 to conduct public consultation. The final version of ESMP in English was published at the World Bank’s external website on December 18, 2020.

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CHAPTER 1. SUBPROJECT INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION

1.1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SUBPROJECT

1.1.1. General background of the subproject

Vietnam Road Asset Management Project using World Bank loans has a total investment of USD 301.5 million, equivalent to VND 6,305.50 billion (of which, WB loan is USD 250 million, non-refundable aid of DFAT is AUD 1.7 million, equivalent to USD 1.5 million and the counterpart fund of the Government of Vietnam is USD 50 million). The Ministry of Transport (MOT) is the Project Owner, Directorate for Roads of Vietnam (GSO) is the Project Investor and Project Management Unit 3 (PMU3) is the Management and Implementation Agency.

An Agreement was signed on January 14, 2014 for the VRAMP project and took effect from April 11, 2014 to December 31, 2020, Loan number 5331-VN. VRAMP project includes 04 Components:

- Component A - Road Asset Management (USD 8.5 million from IDA fund and USD 1.5 million from DFAT fund);

- Component B - Road Asset Maintenance (USD 156.4 million from IDA fund)

- Component C - Road Asset Improvement (USD 133.4 million, of which USD 83.4 million from IDA fund and USD 50 million from counterpart fund of Vietnam Government);

- Component D - Capacity building for Directorate for Road of Vietnam (USD 1.7 million from IDA fund).

The VRAMP project was approved in Official letter No. 1291 / TTg-QHQT dated August 28, 2012 by the Prime Minister (under the provisions of Decree No. 131/2006 / ND-CP dated November 9, 2006 and Decree No. 38/2013 / ND-CP dated April 23, 2013). On that basis, the Ministry of Transport approved the project investment in accordance with Decision No. 3068 / QD-BGTVT dated October 4, 2013. The Agreement was signed between the Government of Vietnam and the World Bank on January 14, 2014, and took effect from April 11, 2014. Up to now, the initial investment objectives of VRAMP project have basically been completed, in which: (1) construction and installation items of the project on NH.2, NH.6, and NH. 38B, QL.39 and NH.48 have been completed; (2) it is being conducted the maintenance of NH.2, NH.6 in accordance with the quality until 2020; (3) Up to now, the contents of legal support

Due to saving cost through bidding, provision for devaluation, and fluctuation of exchange rate between SDR and USD, VRAMP project has ODA surplus fund of about USD 38.39 million (equivalent to about VND 895 billion), and the counterpart surplus fund of about VND 313 billion. The VRAMP project was highly appreciated by the World Bank sponsor and Ministries for investment quality, progress and efficiency at the World Bank's review and supervision meeting. In order to continue to promote the efficiency of investment capital, the Prime Minister has issued Document No. 1705 / QD-TTg dated November 29, 2019 on the approval of project investment policy, using the surplus fund for the three route sections of the project "Vietnam Road Asset Management" as follows:

- Construction of the Son La city bypass in Son La province (section NH6, Km289 + 950 - Km308 + 820).

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- Upgrading and expanding of National Highway 2 (NH2) in Ha Giang province (section Km284 + 600 - Km285 + 995).

- Strenghening the pavement of National Highway (NH6) in Hoa Binh province (section Km 70+650-KM 78+300)

This environmental and social management plan is developed for Subproject of Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province.

1.1.2. Objectives of the subproject

Overall objective: To develop socio-economic condition in the northern key economic region, reduce transportation costs, limit traffic congestion and accidents, establish the basis and method to perform the scientific and effective maintenance, upgrade and management of Vietnam's road assets.

The subproject's objective is to improve the traffic system, minimize the risk of traffic insecurity and affect traffic on the NH2 route; and improve the operating capacity on the route.

1.2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF ESMP PREPARATION

The subproject of Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province will be subject to the current environmental protection laws of the Government of Vietnam and the World Bank, including:

1.2.1. Legal documents and technical standards of GoV

Laws

- Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) No. 55/2014/QH13 passed by the 13thNational Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 23, 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015;

- The Law on Construction No. 50/2014/QH13 passed by the 7th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 18th June 2014 and effective from January 01st, 2015;

- Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 of the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 29, 2013 and effective from July 01, 2014;

- Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of Vietnam, 3rd session dated June 21, 2012;

- Labor Law No. 10/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 18, 2012;

- Law on Urban Planning No. 30/2009/QH12 the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated June 17, 2009;

- Law on Biodiversity No. 20/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008;

- Law on Children No. 102/2016/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated April 5, 2016;

- Law on Chemicals No. 06/2007/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 21, 2007;

- Law on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting No.40/2013/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 22, 2013.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province- Law on Road Transport No. 23/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the

Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated November 13, 2008;

- Law on Complaints No. 02/2011/QH13 issued on November 11, 2011;

- Law on Cultural Heritages No. 10/VBHN-VPQH issued on July 23, 2013;

- Law on Occupational Safety and Health No. 84/2015/QH13 issued on June 25, 2015;

- Law on dykes No. 79/2006/QH11 issued on November 29, 2006;

- Law on plant protection and quarantine No. 41/2013/QH13 issued on November 25, 2013.

- Irrigation Law No. 08/2017 / QH14 approved by the 14th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on June 19, 2017 and took effect on July 1, 2018.

Decrees

- Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14th, 2015 of the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental management plan;

- Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13rd, 2019 of the Government on amendments to decrees on guidelines for the law on environment protection;

- Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Prime Minister detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Environmental Protection;

- Decree No. 59/2015/ND-CP dated June 18, 2015 of the Government on management of construction investment projects;

- Decree No. 42/2017/ND-CP dated April 05, 2017 of the Government on amendment and supplement of a number of articles of the Government’s Decree No. 59/2015/ND-CP dated June 18, 2015 on management of construction investment projects;

- Decree No. 16/2016/ND-CP dated March 16, 2016 of the Government on management and use of official development assistance concessional loans granted by foreign sponsors;

- Decree No. 46/2015/ND-CP dated May 12, 2015 of the Government on quality management of construction works;

- Decree No. 201/2013/ND-CP dated November 27, 2013 of the Government detailing implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Water Resources;

- Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated April 24, 2015 of the Government on management of waste and discarded materials.

- Decree No. 80/2014/ND-CP dated August 06, 2014 of the Government on wastewater drainage and treatment;

- Decree No. 43/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 by the Government detailing the implementation of some articles of the Land Law 2013.

- Decree No. 44/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government regulating land prices.

- Decree No. 47/2014/ND-CP dated May 15, 2014 of the Government providing regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land.

- Decree No. 155/2016/NĐ-CP dated November 18, 2016 of the Government on sanctioning of administrative violations in the field of environmental protection;

- Decree No. 154/2016/ND-CP dated November 16, 2016 of the Government on

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environmental protection charges for wastewater;

- Decree No. 67/2018 / ND-CP dated May 14, 2018 of the Government detailing a number of articles of the Irrigation Law, effective from July 1, 2018;

- Decree No. 113/2010/ND-CP dated December 03, 2010 of the Government stipulating determination of damages to the environment.

Circulars

- Circular No. 25/2019/TT-BTNMT dated December 31, 2019 of MONRE on elaborating some articles of the Government’s Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 on amendments to decrees on guidelines for the Law on Environmental protection and providing for management of environmental monitoring services

- Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of MONRE on management of hazardous wastes;

- Circular No. 37/2014/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2014 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment detailing compensation, support and resettlement when the State recovers land;

- Circular 30/2014/TT-BTNMT on land allocation, land lease, conversion of land use purpose and land acquisition;

- Circular No. 32/2013/TT-BTNMT dated October 25, 2013 of MONRE on promulgation of national technical regulations on environment;

- Circular No. 30/2011/TT-BTNMT dated August 01, 2011 of MONRE on technical procedures for monitoring groundwater.

- Circular No. 19/2016/TT - BYT dated June 30, 2016 of MOH on guidelines for occupational health and safety management;

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD dated December 03, 2010 of MOC on labor safety in work construction.

Applicable standards and regulations

- QCVN 01:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on drinking water quality.

- QCVN 02:2009/BYT: National technical regulation on domestic water quality.

- QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on surface water quality;

- QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on ground water quality.

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater.

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality.

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air.

- QCVN 26/2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace;

- QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNTM - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils;

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise;

- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT -National technical regulation on vibration;

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province- TCVN 6705:2009 - Normal solid wastes - Classification;

- TCVN 6706:2009 - Hazardous wastes – Classification;

- QCVN 07:2009/BTNM: National technical regulation on hazardous waste thresholds.

- TCVN 7957:2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External networks and facilities - Design standard.

- TCXDVN 33:2006 - Water supply - Distribution system and facilities - Design standard.

- TCXDVN 260:2002 – Kindergarten – Design standard

- QCVN 07:2016/BXD: National Technical Regulation on Technical Infrastructure Works

- QCXD VN 01:2008/BXD – Vietnam building code –Building planning;

- QCVN 22:2016/BYT -National technical regulation on lighting - Permissible levels of lighting in the workplace;

- QCVN 24:2016/BYT – National technical regulation on noise - Permissible exposure levels of noise in the workplace;

- QCVN 26:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on microclimate - Permissible value of microclimate in the workplace;

- QCVN 27:2016/BYT - National technical regulation on vibration - Permissible levels in the workplace;

- QCVN 18:2014/BXD - National technical regulation on Safety in Construction.

Legal documents related to the project

- Decision No. 1705 / QD-Ttg dated November 29, 2019 by the Prime Minister on approving the investment policy of the Project, using surplus capital for 3 route sections of the Project "Vietnam Road Asset Management ", loan fund from WB.

- Decision No. 2297/QĐ-BGTVT dated December 11, 2020 by the Ministry of Transport on approving the adjustment of investment in the Vietnam Road Asset Management Project using the World Bank capital

- Document No. 6950/BGTVT-KHĐT dated July 26, 2019 issued by MOT on approving the investment policy of 3 road sections using the savings of VRAMP project, WB loan

- Document No. 3387 / TCĐBVN - KHĐT dated 05/07/2016 by Directorate for Roads of Vietnam to the Ministry of Transport on the additional investment for maintenance of the section K70-K78 + 300 NH6;

- Decision No. 3068/QD-BGTVT dated October 4, 2013 issued by MOT on approving the investment of Vietnam Road Asset Management Project using WB loans.

1.2.2. Social and environmental safeguards policies and guidelines of WB

The subproject of Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province has been reviewed and screened by the World Bank for environmental and social issues and ranked B in accordance with the environmental classification criteria in the Environmental Assessment Policy (OP / BP). 4.01) by WB. The subproject has the risk of causing small to medium negative impacts on the environment and society, has the specificity in the subproject area, and it can prevent or minimize negative impacts. In order to ensure that negative impacts are fully identified with associated mitigation measures, the Investor has developed a Social and Environmental Management Plan (ESMP) report to comply with the requirements of environmental and

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincesocial management of the World Bank and Vietnam. The negative impacts of the subproject will be addressed through the consistent application of mitigation measures as outlined in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), including a plan for the monitoring and through the application of the health and safety requirements for construction workers. ESMP implementation will be a mandatory requirement for the Investor and construction contractors participating in the subproject.

(1) Level of VRAMP

The World Bank safeguard policies have been applied: (a) Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01); (b) Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10), (c) Involuntary Resettlement (OP / BP 4.12).

(2) Level of the subproject of Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)1

The subproject construction includes: i) Upgrading and strengthening the road surface; ii) constructing vertical drainage system; iii) rehabilitate horizontal sewers; and iv) protective structures. The construction and operation of the subproject will have negative environmental and social impacts, requiring appropriate measures which are detailed in the following ESMP chapters.

Most of the potential adverse impacts are related to improvement and upgrading of road, including known construction impacts and risks as: i) increase of dust, noise, and vibration levels; ii) pollution risks associated with the generation of waste and wastewater, especially the large amount of roadbed improvement; iii) traffic disturbance and increase of traffic safety risks; iv) disruption of existing infrastructure and services; v) disturbance of daily socio-economic activities in the subproject area and social disturbance; vi) health and safety issues related to the community and workers at the construction site; vii) social impacts related to the mobilization of workers to the site...

Potential impacts during operation process include impacts on traffic safety of the newly constructed road. Impacts may include urbanization along the constructed road. However, it is not anticipated that there will be significant cumulative and induced effects during construction and operation process.

Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)

The social assessment carried out for proposed extended sections, including improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of NH2 in Ha Giang; identified that there are ethnic minority groups (Tay People) living along the road sections, both affected by and benefited from the subproject. To rectify the situation, the World Bank Indigenous Peoples Policy OP/BP4.10 is triggered, and ethnic minority development plans shall be developed to e based on meaningful free, prior and informed consultations) with the affected EMs and their communities, to ensure their voices are heard, and to ascertain broad EM community support for subproject activities.

Involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)2

According to the accumulated data, the subproject impacts the total area of permanent affected land in all types is 52,170 m2 (21 households), including 02 households affected with

1Full treatment of OP/BP 4.01 can be found at the Bank website: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543912~menuPK:1286357~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html2 Detail of OP/BP 4.12 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543978~menuPK:1286647~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincemore than one type of land; Impacts on structures: 625.5 m2 graded 4 houses of 7 Hhs, 472 m2

on-floor house of 4 HHs, 48 m2 temporary kiosk of 1 HH and 20 m2 walls and 13 centrifugal electric poles 110kV, and 5 low voltage poles 0.4kV; Impacts on trees and crops: Total affected timber: 1,401 trees (mainly acacia, eucalyptus) of 14 households. Therefore, a resettlement plan will be prepared for the subproject.

Environmental, Health, and Safety Guideline of World Bank 3

WB-funded subprojects need to consider the General Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) Guidelines. These guidelines are technical references with general examples and specific examples in Good International Industry Practice.

The ESHS Guidelines include implementation levels and measures that are acceptable to the World Bank and are generally considered to be attainable in new facilities at a reasonable cost and existing technology. The environmental assessment process may be proposed levels (high or low) or alternatives, if acceptable to the Bank, which may be specific requirements for each project and site. This subproject is required to comply with the General Environmental, Social, Health and Safety Guidelines.

In addition, ESMP report must also comply with international conventions in which Vietnam is a signatory (for example: International Water Resources, Climate Change ...). Furthermore, the World Bank's environmental, social, health and safety working groups will guide project-through information on environmental, social, health and safety issues related to the investment. The environmental guidelines related to ESMP report include emissions sources, ambient air quality, noise, wastewater, solid waste, and water quality.

1.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT

1.3.1. Subproject location

The route has total length of approximately 1.4km, running through 2 communes of Ha Giang city and Vi Xuyen district:

- Starting point: Km 284+600 in Dao Duc commune of Vi Xuyen district, Ha Giang province (at the entrance gate to the city).

- End point: Km 286+000, in Phuong Thien commune of Ha Giang city, adjacent to another project under construction (Green cities project) in Ha Giang city.

3 ESHS guideline may be referred to www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines.

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Figure 1: Map of the work intem under the uppgrading and expanding of NH2 subproject, section Km284+500 - Km 286+00

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End point Km 286+000

Starting poing Km284+600 -Km286+00


1.3.2. Detail description of the investment

Table 1: Description of construction items of the subproject

No.

Work items Features of works Investment scale Land acquisition

and resettlement Illustrations

1 Upgrading and expansion of NH2, section Km284+500 - Km 286+000

At the first section of the route Km284 + 600 (NH2), there are cliffs, production forests on the left side, and households’ garden for planting trash trees and the Lo river on the right side.

At the next section to the end point at Km 286+000, there are cliffs, production forests and bushes on the left side, there are some houses scattered along the two sides of the road, and there are orchards and trash tree gardens on the right side. Along the left side, there is a power line.

The terrain at this section under the project’s route features the rugged mountainous area, with great longitudinal and horizontal slope, strongly dissected by deep valleys which are easy to have landslide in heavy rains.

The total length of the route is 1.4 km, meeting the standard for urban main street; road foundation W= 25.0m, road surface W= 15.0m; design speed of 60km/h.

- Separator: W=2.0m;

- Internal rumble strip: 2x0.5m = 1m;

- Lane: 2x7.0m = 15.0m;

- External rumble strip: 2x0.5m = 1m;

- Sidewalk: 2x3.5 = 7.0m.

- Horizontal drainage sewer: The culvert is permanently designed by reinforced concrete with load H30, XB80

- Longgitudinal drainage ditch, longitudinal sewer:

Total area of land of all types that will be permanently affected is 52,170 m2 (21 households), of which 02 households have more than one type of land to be affected.

Details of affected land types include:

- Residential land: 2,611 m2 of 10 households

- Land for perennial trees: 14,647 m2 of 9 households and 01 organization.

- Production forest land: 27,833 m2 of 6 households

- Unused flat land: 7,080 m2 of 02 organizations.

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No.

Work items Features of works Investment scale Land acquisition

and resettlement Illustrations

The terrain is strongly divided, some sections cross or encroach on irrigation ditches, streams or natural water bodies.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete ditch system with slabs of grade III and manholes to collect rainwater within the scope of urban roads connected to the longitudinal drainage system, flowing into horizontal culverts and exit to the outlet locations

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Starting point Km284+600 -

Km286+00

End point Km 286+000


1.3.3. Construction method

Therefore, the construction plan and technologies will be based on each type of works item, specifications, construction conditions at the site and requirements on constructions. Designs and construction activities must closely comply with construction standards, regulations and practices of Vietnam and refer to international standards, regulations and practices applicable in Vietnam. The project’s works construction methods which are excerpted from the project’s “Feasibility Study” are presented below.

1. General construction methods

- Site preparation: handing over the site to the construction contractor.

- The mobilization of manpower, construction equipment; agreement, asking for building permission.

- Before construction, the contractor must carry out the restoration of the marker and heart piles. The system of marker and heart piles must be confirmed and accepted by the supervision consultant before construction. The Contractor must install additional piles for the construction, especially in special places such as slope, detours, the transition between excavation and embankment. The markers must be fixed with piles and auxiliary landmarks and carefully protected to be able to quickly restore the main landmarks to their design positions when it is necessary to inspect the construction.

- The requirements of the positioning and moulding are to identify the positions: heart, construction axis, embankment roof foot, top edge of excavated embankment, foot to prevent falling of soil, border of foundation, material pit edge, width of boundary ditches, cross-sections of excavation or embankment, etc. The location of the works should be witnessed by the CSC, and the measurement records should be kept for future inspection.

- Clearing the ground: removing all kinds of obstacles, work structures that exist in the construction scope. All objects such as trees, stumps, roots, grass, trash and other obstructions, must be removed, cleaned and transported out of the site and then disposed at designated sites. Clearance, digging of holes and ditch will be carried out to the required depth of excavation work within the construction site.

- Culverts and drainage structures located on the roads being used will not be removed or dismantled without proper traffic assurance measures.

- The road surface within the removal area must be dug to the specified depth. If the excavated material is not utilized as required, it will be crushed by pieces with a size not exceeding 300mm, gathered and transported to the regulated place;

- The removal of the pavement layer should be done carefully to avoid damaging the adjacent sections of the pavement or adjacent structures that are indicated in their original position.

- Materials obtained during the preparation of a construction site, which are determined to be reused for other work items, will be gathered at the specified location within the site. The determination of the suitability of salvaged materials is assessed by experimental measures or the evaluation and approval of the CSC.

- Materials, which are identified as non-suitability and cannot be reused, will be considered as waste material and transported or disposed at the specified location.

- The Contractor is responsible for obtaining permits for the waste material gathering sites; constructing labor camp and equipment gathering sites.

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2. Road bed preparation methods (mountain/hill breaking by using baking powder)

The subproject will not use explosive to break rock which are aimed at minimizing the impact of blasting works on the people and the surrounding environment. The subproject shall use the pattern set mining to break the rock. The process of breaking down of rocks by using baking powder includes: Drilling holes - mixing powders - grouting - separation of rock reactions.

Drilling holes:

- Creating holes that you are drilled to grouted from 36-42mm (optimal diameter of 38mm).

- Bore depth: maximum 8.0m, at least ought to have been four times compared to the borehole diameter.

- Drill angles: It is the most suitable with drilling a straight hole. In the case of thickness of the building blocks, it is necessary to drill at an angle of 45-60 ° with the surface of the material to allow the hole that reach a depth greater than 4 times the hole diameter. It can avoid powder spillage and increase the separation efficiency.

- Distance between holes: It will depends on the type of rock, the size of the rock block to be separated, the number of free faces... For each type of rock and concrete to be drilled, grouting first to determine the official drilling distance for the break-down plan. When using holes φ38 or φ40, the distance between the holes is as follows:

Quilted stone: 35-45cm

Average hard rock: 30-40cm

Very hard stone: 25-35cm.

Mix the flour

- Tools:

Mix bucket has a capacity of 10 -15 liters

Mixing equipment: The drill installed a "T" hook at the top. It can be mixed by hand using a mixing stick of 3 - 5cm width.

Water bottle measurements.

Protective equipment: goggles, rubber gloves, face mask

- Mixed water

Using only clean, clear water (tap water, well water, rain water ...) But water must not contain oil or other organic impurities.

The temperature of broth is not above the allowable temperature for each of powder.

When the air temperature is above 30°C, you should use water with the temperature below 15 ° C for rock splitting type 1 powder.

- Mix the flour

Measuring ambient air temperature and choosing the appropriate powder. If flour is used at a temperature lower than the lower limit of the temperature range for each powder, the separation time will be greater. The temperature above the upper limit will be fast, but the powder is easily sprayed. If mixed and added flavor early in the morning, you should mix 1 bag of baking powder for each time.

Measuring 1.5-1.7 liters of clean water into the container, then slowly steep 1 bag

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(5kg) of rock breaking powder into the water and stir vigorously to absorb the powder evenly. Do not allow the powder to lump or loose unevenly. So one person pours the powder, the other a stir.

If stone or concrete exceeds 20 °, let’s add 150g of additional water for per bag (5kg)

If the rock breaking powder after stiring is difficult to pour into the hole, you can add 1 amount of water to mix it, but the total amount of water should not exceed 35% (1.8 liters for 5kg of rock splitting baking powder). More water, the swelling power of dough decreases.

Mixing time of 1 bag of flour (5kg) should be within 2-3 minutes

Grouting

- Grouting into the holes

After mixing within 5 minutes, the rock-split baking powder must be fully grouted into the bore holes. You can grout by pouring directly or using a funnel with wide openings. Pour slowly so that there are no large mortar blocks to fill the borehole to create an air pocket in the mortar column. You can use a piercing stick to make the mortar fall evenly and without air bags.

Blowing dust out of the holes, then pouring mortar into the holes so that the grout is 30mm from the holes. Fill one hole after another ones. From one to the other ones.

When the batch is completely loaded, scrape it off with a rubber pad, then wash through a new mixing device, continue mixing, and load another batch.

- Using a polyethylene bag lining the drill hole: When there is an empty slot, the thick clay layer between the material needs to be separated or exploited, constructed in a water environment, it is necessary to use a thin polyethylene pipe strip bag with a diameter larger than the diameter. Drill a little hole to line the hole. Use a pump with a pump nozzle to fill the grout from the bottom of the borehole and pump slowly while withdrawing. If the borehole has water, fasten the bag to prevent the mortar from being diluted by water.

Separation of rock reactions.

- The grouting holes after grouting do not need to be sealed and tightly plugged. In case of rain, nylon can be covered. Hot weather can block the hole directly from the drilled hole with damp leaves or grass.

- Wearing goggles when needed to check for cracks

- It is often use sually at 25oC, the stone will break apart after charging for 5.5 hours and the concrete is 3 hours.

- Waiting for the powder to expand before separating the rock before separating the rock or concrete to use up the effectiveness of the powder.

3. Road construction methods

Construction equipment

- Machinery and equipment for the construction of foundation, road surface, bridges and culverts comply with the construction and acceptance process of each work item. The main equipment includes rollers, bulldozers, diggers, cranes, concrete pouring equipment, girders...

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- Construction surveying machines: theodolite, hydro average machines, total stations, hammock measuring machines… ensure certain accuracy as required to measure and check during construction.

Preparation work

- It is combined manual construction and machine construction. The handover site must ensure sufficient construction area;

- Preparation of temporary camp areas, construction operation house, disposal sites, material gathering yards, casting sites ... materials and construction gathering sites must be ensured their quality. The intensity of construction materials must not be reduced when putting into construction;

- Construction operation house are located in convenient locations for travelling and inspection on the whole route, ensuring easy and convenient installation of communication systems. The facilities and equipment for the coordinating office must be adequate to ensure smooth operation: computers, telephones, fax machines…

Measurement and location of works, restoration of piles on the whole route:

- The location of the works must be consistent with the approved construction drawing, the positioning error must be consistent with the current regulations for each work item;

- The elevation and the coordinates of the construction points must be led from the standard elevation mark and the passing landmark system outside the construction scope.

Construction of roadbed

Construction of the roadbed according to the design geometry;

For normal embankment: Clearing the site, clearing, plucking up weeds, dredging mud, organic...;

Embankment of foundation in accordance with the design geometry elements.

Construction of rainwater and wastewater drainage system;

After backfilling the foundation pit of the rainwater and wastewater culvert, construction of K95 layer, completion of class K98.

Embanked roadbed: The embanked roadbed is designed depending on the height of embankment:

- The organic layer and surface mud layer of natural ground are removed with a thickness of 0.3 - 0.5m before embanking roadbed. The sections with large horizontal slope are bench-cut to expand the old road, width of B <2m. For sections passing ponds and lakes, field mud is removed from soft soil to good soil layer before embanking foundation.

- The embankment foundation mainly uses loam or sand-clay mixed with available gravel along the two sides of the route with the tightness of K95. The superficial layer of the roadbed is made of selective hilly soil with a thickness of 50cm, reaching the tightness of K98.

- Embanked talus slope:

H < 6.0m of talus of 1/1.5;

H> 6.0m: it is benched, each step is 6m high, talus of 1/1.5. The guard step is 2m

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wide, 4% slopes pouring out (design consultant designed the 2m step-steep of 4% pouring out and reinforced masonry stone of M100 to agree with the project of upgrading NH6, section Son La - Tuan Giao and Hoa Binh - Son La Project)

- Embankment along rivers and streams: it is embanked over large basins, or highly embanked (Hap> 6m), talus slope is covered with protective stone.

- For some sections of the pass foot, when the embankment foundation is extended on the natural slope of more than 1/1.5, it is built retaining wall. Retaining wall has concrete structure of grade 200. It is gravity retaining wall.

Excavation foundation: Based on the specific geology of each section and the lying position of the rock and soil to design the new slope when constructing the excavation road foundation.

- Digging out and replacing with selective hilly soil with minimum depth of 30cm, compaction of K98. It is plowed and compacted K95 in the below layer.

- Talus slope excavating through the soil:

H 8.0m: 1 grade of talus 1/1.

H> 8.0m: every 8.0m, one grade of talus 1/1 is made.

- The sections dug through the rock foundation: it is depended on the geological conditions to be designed in accordance with TCVN4054 with the appropriate slope of digging (from 1 / 1.0 - 1 / 0.5).

- Between each grade, there should be 1 guardian with the width of 2.0m.

Construction structure of roadbed

- Compacted asphalt concrete (ballast 50%): E1 = 420 Mpa

- Compacted asphalt concrete (ballast 35%): E2 = 350 Mpa

- Standard ballast: E3 = 250 Mpa

- Rock and soil foundation: Eo40 Mpa

Enhanced pavement structure on the old road surface (the beginning of the route with a length of about 380m):

- Compacted asphalt concrete (ballast 50%): 5cm.


- Asphalt of 1.8 KG/m2

- Standard ballast of upper layer: 15cm.

- Compensate for warping by standard ballast.

Renewed and expanded road surface structure (for the entire sub-project route):



- Asphalt of 1.8 KG/m2


- Standard ballast of lower layer: 23cm.

Residential road surface structure:

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- Asphalt 1.8 KG/m2


Construction of drainage system

- Construction of the rainwater drainage system must comply with the construction scope and acceptance of the bridge and culvert 22 TCN 266-2000.

- Locate heart of drain

- Based on the inappropriate digging elevation or post-treatment elevation of the roadbed, it is conducted digging of holes and manhole to the designed elevation. It is reinforced and manhole foundation with melaleuca piles L = 3m, density 16 piles / m2 (if any);

- Prefabricate the body of manhole of the main types.

- Install formwork, concrete foundation, installation of prefabricated manhole body. The special manhole will be installed with formwork. Concrete will be casted in place for the entire manhole.

- Install culvert support blocks; install formwork, concrete culvert foundations; Install sewer pipes connecting the manhole.

- Concrete in place of tunnel frame, install water inlet and cover slab.

Construction of revetment

Before construction of the road surface, it is necessary to check Eo of the roadbed is ≥ 40MPa.

CPD layer construction complies with standards CPD foundation layer in automobile road structure - materials, construction and acceptance TCVN 8859-2011.

Construction of asphalt concrete layers to comply with the standards of hot asphalt concrete pavement - requirements for construction and acceptance in accordance with TCVN 8819-2011.

- Construction of the lower foundation aggregate.

- Construction of the upper foundation aggregate.

- Watering adhesion plastic by 1.0kg / m2, construction of concrete asphalt concrete 19 with thickness of 7cm.

- Watering adhesion plastic by 0.5kg / m2, construction of concrete asphalt concrete 12.5 with thickness of 5cm.

Construction of technical trench system

Positioning of trench route

- Heart of trench route is located in accordance with the manhole station of the design draw. The positioning process should check:

Refer to the well position with the centerline of route in accordance with the vertical direction of route;

Length of the trench between 2 manholes;

Position of well, center of trech in accordance with horizontal direction from the designed centerline.

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- If the figures do not match, it is necessary to find out the cause and take corrective measures before commencing construction.

Construction of work items

- Digging of the foundation to the designed height, absorbing water to ensure that the foundation hole is always dry and clean. In the event of groundwater, it is necessary to use a pump and a diversion plan to ensure the foundation pit is dry to avoid landslide in the pit. Excavated soil is transported to dump in designated places.

- Talus of digging foundations and manholes is 1: 1.

- Construction of trench foundation: construction of trench foundation lining.

- Construction of manhole foundation: lining of foundation, bottom of well, body of well to height of bottom edge of outer trench.

- Installation of trenches:

Before installation, it is necessary to check the height of the trench foundation, clear soil spilling in the trench foundation, and clean the foundation ...

Depending on the requirements of installing infrastructure works in the technical trench: electric cables, lighting cables, communication cables, water supply, pre-installing bpipes in the trench.

- Construction of the trench connection.

- Construction of the rest of the manholes.

Construction and completion of ancillary works

- Construction of pavement, curbing strip, pavement structure;

- Planting grass on slope;

- Repairing small construction defects.

1.3.4. List of construction machinery and equipment

The table below provides a list of the main machinery and equipment which will be mobilzied for the construction. Depending on the nature of work, contractors' capabilities and weather conditions, use of the equipment may vary.

Table 2: The proposed list of equipment, machines use for subproject

No Machines Q.ty No Machines Q.ty

1 110 CV bulldozer 1 12 Fixed concrete mixing plant 30 m3 / h 1

2 Excavator 0.45 m3 3 13 Cement truck 1

3 8-ton dump truck 4 14 Concrete mixing and transporting vehicle 1

4 9 tons compactor 1 15 Concrete pumps 1

5 Pressing machine 3 16 Compactor 1.5kW 2

6 5 KW steel bending machine 2 17 Plate compactor 1.5kW 1

7 Iron cutting machine 1 18 Concrete hammer 1

8 Chain crane 5 tons 1 19 32 mm concrete drilling machine 1

9 Welding machine 50 KW 1 20 Concrete strength testing machine 1

10 Welding transformers 50 KW 1 21 Automotive pump 1

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11 750L concrete mixer 2 22 Generator 320 KVA 1

(Source: FS report, 2020)

1.3.5. Demand for construction material and disposal

Construction material

According to the project's feasibility study report, the demand for input construction materials used for the subproject is presented in the following table:

Table 3: Quantity of main construction materials for the subproject

No Demand for material Unit Quantity

1 Total excavated soil m3 42,867.65

2 Total soil filling m3 44,270.57

3 Stone of all kinds m3 47,440.67

4 Sand of all kinds m3 3,873.81

5 Cement Tấn 749.29

6 Iron and Steel Tấn 2,140.16

7 Box culvert m 22

8 Trench B = 0.6m m 4,285.40

9 Concrete of all kinds m3 2,356.95


Supply sources

Materials such as sand, soil and gravel will be purchased from suppliers in Ha Giang province and neighboring provinces. Steel, cement: steel will be purchased from suppliers in Ha Giang city. Hollow bricks, solid brick, pavement bricks, ceramic tiles will be purchased from suppliers in Ha Giang city and neighboring provinces.

All materials will be tested for quality in accordance with applicable regulations. If the material does not meet the specifications, the contractor will change to other qualified sources. The demand for materials and technical materials will match with the construction progress. The supply of raw materials will take into account depreciation due to transportation and handling.

Table 4: Locations of material supply sources in Ha Giang province

No Supplier Material Location Distance to the subproject site

1Tien Thinh Trading - Construction Company Limited

Exploitation of stone, sand, gravel and clay

Group 3, Vi Xuyen Town, Vi Xuyen District, Ha Giang province

15-20 km along NH2

2Truong Vinh Company Limited, Ha Giang

Exploitation of stone, sand, gravel and clay

Group 8, Vi Xuyen Town, Vi Xuyen District 15-20 km along

NH2

3 Hong Ha Construction and Services Company

Exploitation of stone, sand,

No. 397, Nguyen Van Linh Street, Group 7, Quang Trung Ward, Ha Giang city, Ha Giang

7-9 km along NH2

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No Supplier Material Location Distance to the subproject site

Limited gravel and clay province


The subproject does not involve the large-scale exploitation of sand, rock and soil materials, so it is not required to have any new quarry or borrow pits.

Fuel and energy supply

Power will be provided via the national grid, which is an easy access to the project area. Backup generator will also be in place to ensure that the construction will not be interrupted in the event of a power failure. The fuel, oil and gas will be supplied from a local oil and gas company that has a network of fuel stations that is accessible to everyone.

Water supply

Water sources for construction will mainly be taken from nearby water bodies such as Lo river in the subproject area. For construction sites far from water source, or have poor quality water, water trucks will be used to transfer water to the construction site. For domestic water use: tap water supplied by Ha Giang city or well water in the area will be used.

Waste and waste treatment

Waste generated during construction is usually solid waste, excess soil and rock, and domestic waste and wastewater.

- Excavated soil: The amount of excavated soil is estimated at 42,868 m3 from leveling, excavation and embankment activities, sewers, drainage ditches. This amount of land is reused for reinstatment of the site where necessary or transported and treated by local functional units.

- Hazardous waste: will be collected and stored temporarily in storage in the construction site before being transported for treatment at an appropriate waste disposal facility under the contract between the contractor and the waste treatment facility.

- Domestic waste: This waste is generated from on-site worker activities. It is estimated to have about 15 kg/day and total of about 0.45 tons/month.

Waste treatment facility and disposal site

All waste generated from the subproject will be collected by Ha Giang City Urban Environment Company and transported and treated at the prescribed place.

Worker demand

Worker demand for the subproject is estimated at about 30 people. To reduce funding, create local jobs and limit the impact on the social environment due to the concentration of workers, the subproject owner will give priority to recruiting local labor.

1.3.6. Subproject implementation arrangement

Project’s general information

a) Line agency: Ministry of Transport

- Address: No. 80, Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi.

- Tel: (024) 39413201/39424015 Fax: (024) 39423291/39422386.

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b) Project owner: Directorate for Roads of Vietnam – Project Management Unit 3

- Head office: No. 122, Lot 12A, Trung Hoa Street, Trung Yen Urban Area - Cau Giay District - Hanoi City.

- Tel: (84-4) 37836052 Fax: (84-4) 37836053.

Subproject’s management and implementation: Project’s owner directly manages the implementation of the subproject.

Implementation arrangement

Ministry of Transport

- Coordinate with the Ministry of Planning and Investment, relevant ministries, branches and agencies in formulating strategies and planning to attract and use concessional loans; formulating policies, measures to coordinate and improve the efficiency of the use of concessional loans;

- Coordinate with the Ministry of Planning and Investment in submitting to the Government on the signing of specific international treaties on concessional loans for programs and projects in their respective fields;

- Ensuring the quality and efficiency of using concessional loan;

- Coordination with Ha Giang PPC to conduct land acquisition, site clearance, implementation of compensation and resettlement policies for the subproject in the area in accordance with law;

- Organizing and directing the effective implementation of subproject according to the approved plans;

- Approving the feasibility study reports for the subproject;

- Acting as the project Owner in accordance with the provisions of law, international treaties on ODA;

- Coordinating with agencies to propose and implement the project from the project preparation step to the end of project implementation;

- Organizing acceptance and handover of the ground and hand over of the project when the it is completed;

Investor/project’s owner – Directorate for Roads of Vietnam – Project Management Unit 3

- Carrying out the bidding in accordance with the current law on bidding;

- Providing relevant information and documents for contractual parties and consultants to formulate and implement programs and projects; taking responsibility for the legal basis and reliability of the information and documents provided; archiving files and documents on programs and projects according to the provisions of law;

- Taking comprehensive and continuous responsibility for the management and use of investment capital sources from the preparation of investment, implementation of investment and putting programs and projects into operation;

- Monitoring, evaluating projects, managing and exploiting programs and projects;

- Taking full responsibility for mistakes in the process of managing programs and projects that cause adverse consequences to the economy, society, environment and national reputation;

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- Responsible under the provisions of law, may have to compensate for economic losses or have to change the project owner, for the slow implementation, not in accordance with the investment decision and the decision on approval of the documents of technical assistance programs and projects, causing loss, waste and corruption, affecting the overall objectives and efficiency of programs and projects;

- Take responsibility for receiving and solving (arrangement of suitable personnel) issues related to the community’s complaints on safety, health, environment, labor and other issues regarding compensation and resettlement upon land acquisition;

- Other rights and responsibilities as prescribed by law.

1.3.7. Total investment

The total investment of the subproject is: 95.000.000.000 VNĐ, equal to USD 4.06 million, in which: Loan from WB: USD 3.69 million, accounting for 90%; Counterpart fund: USD 0.37 million, accounting for 10%.

1.3.8. Subproject implementation progress

Subproject implementation progress as follow:

Table 5: Subproject implementation progress

No. Items Completion date

1 Preparation of Project Proposal 2019

2 Approval of Project Proposal by the Government 2019

3 Investment preparation (Consultant preparing FS, and related component reports)

09/2020

4 Preparation of FS report 09/2020

5 Government approves FS report (Investment policy) 12/2020

6 FS appraisal by World Bank 12/2020

7 MOT approves FS and component reports 12/2020

8 Negotiation of Loan Agreement with WB 12/2020

9 Project approval by World Bank 12/2020

10 Signing Financial Agreement 12/2020

11 Financial Agreement enters into effects 02/2021

12 Investment implementation 2021-2022


1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT METHODS

In order to conduct environmental and social impact assessment, various methods and techniques were deployed in the ESMP as follows:Checklist: this method is a common approach which is widely to applied for defining the study area, sampling sites, identifying influence/impact areas, sensitive areas may be affected by the project’s activities during pre-construction and construction phases.Rapid assessment: Empirical emission factors and coefficients were applied for calculating fugitive exhausts and dust (TSP) emission; predict noise and vibration generation spreading over nearest settlements; greenhouse gas emission; solid and hazardous wastes; etc. For air emissions, Sutton model…., was adopted to modeling emissions of dust and exhausted gases

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceas a rapid assessment for the project’s activities. Further, WHO’s rapid inventory source techniques (1993), including Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (Volume II, Sectoral Guidelines, Environment, World Bank, Washington D.C 8/1991) and Handbook of Emission, Non-Industrial and Industrial source, Netherlands) were deployed for these rapid assessments. Expert adjustment: This method was deployed with the experts’ knowledge and experience, in associated with site investigation, on socio-economic development situation, inhabitants’ life, cultural and religious asset; natural environment (current status of baseline conditions on air, water and soil quality); regional and local climate characteristics such as hydro-meteorology, geology, geography, topology, and landscape; and ecology (flora and fauna characteristics); etc.Matrix: This technique was applied for the prediction of potential impacts caused by the project activities. This matrix is set up based on sources causing impacts and potential objects affected by the project. Comparison: Results of survey on natural environment and laboratory analysis were compared with national technical regulations on the physical environment components to assess the baseline conditions of the environments in the project area. GIS mapping: Use GIS, coordinate to available maps (such as topographical map) and special soft-wares (such as MapInfo, AutoCAD) to create comprehensive maps serving ESMP process, including: maps of sampling sites for flora and fauna survey; maps of sampling sites for air quality and surface water quality.Field investigation and survey: Based on available environmental data and maps (topographical map, existing land use map of Son La city, etc), the implementation of on-site measurements, sampling, investigations and field surveys on natural environment components (air, water, soil and flora and fauna) in the project area was conducted throughout the year both in dry and rainy seasons. Sample analysis: All water, air and soil samples collected in the field were stored and brought the laboratory for analyzing. Public consultation: Public consultation is used to help identify opportunities and risks, improved project design and implementation, and increase project ownership and sustainability. Public consultation is specifically required by the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies. A meaningful public consultation will be used. This is a two-way process in which beneficiaries provide advice and input on the design of the proposed project that affect their lives and environment, promotes dialogue between governments, communities, and implementing agencies to discuss all aspects of the proposed project. The feedbacks from consultation will be incorporated into the project ESMP and design. Those affected by the project include those resettled and those in the nearby communities affected by project impacts, intended beneficiaries of the project, key interest groups – depends upon the project, local mass organizations, including women’s unions, local, state and central governments, other donor and development agencies, and other stakeholders. Disclosure of information: Disclosure of the project information including the project safeguards and instruments will allows the public access to information on environmental and social aspects of the projects. Disclosure is mandated by policies for the WB’s Environmental Assessment, Involuntary Resettlement, and Indigenous Peoples. The project safeguards and instruments will be disclosed in country and in local languages and at the World Bank Infoshop, like all consultations, it is an ongoing process during the project preparation and supervision process. Statistical and data processing: All statistical data and documents acquired from local levels (Commune, Ward and City levels), as well as on-site measurements were processed and expressed in tables, figures and charts for interpretation. This data is systematized according

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceto time, adjusted to serve the determination of natural and socio-economic environment situation; the analysis of trend in environmental change in the project area. These data are very crucial to make the basis of environmental impact assessment and prediction when implementing the project, as well as proposing countermeasures.

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CHAPTER 2. NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.1. NATURAL CONDITIONS

2.1.1. Geology

Ha Giang is a high mountainous province located in the north pole of the country. The province has over 274km of borderline between Vietnam and China, which borders with Yunnan and Guangxi provinces of China in the North, Tuyen Quang province in the South, Cao Bang province in the East and Yen Bai and Lao Cai provinces in the West. The province’s total land area is 7 884.37 km2, stretching 115km from East to West and 137 km from North to South.

So far, in terms of administrative organization, Ha Giang province has had one city directly under the province (Ha Giang city) and 10 districts with 193 communes, wards and townships.

The NH2 is the main road, connecting the Southwestern economic zone of China and the northern provinces of Vietnam. The section of NH2 running through Ha Giang province is the section belonging to Vi Xuyen district and Ha Giang city. The section starts at Dao Duc commune of Vi Xuyen district and ends at Cu Me village, Phuong Thien commune, Ha Giang city.

Table 6: Communes in the subproject location

Province District/city Ward/

commune Section Length (m)

Ha Giang

Vi Xuyen District Dao Duc Km284+600-

Km284+850 250

Ha Giang city Phuong Thien Km284+850-Km286+000 1.150

Total 1.400

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Figure 2: Geological location of the subproject

2.1.2. Topography

Ha Giang is in high mountainous area of Vietnam's territory, it is a community of imposing mountain peaks, with abrupt terrain, of the average height of 800m - 1200m from the sea level. This area concentrates many high mounts. According to recent statistics, on Ha Giang of less than 8,000sqm, there are up to 49 high mount peaks of 500 - 2,500m (10 mounts of 500- 1000m, 24 mounts of 1000 - 1500m, 10 mounts of 1,500 - 2,000m, and 5 mounts of 2,000 - 2,500m). However, Ha Giang's terrain can be basically divided into 3 below areas:

- Northern highland, or Dong Van Plateau, including Quan Ba, Yen Minh, Dong Van, Meo Vac districts, with 90% area is limestone mountains, typical for karst terrain, in here there are sharp rugger rock mountain, deep and narrow creek, many abrupt edge. On 03/10/2010, Dong Van karst plateau has joined the global geopark network with the name: Dong Van Kart Plateau Geopark.

- West highland including Hoang Su Phi, Xin Man districts is part of Bac Ha Plateau, often called Song Chay vault, at 1,000 to 2,000m altitude. Terrain there is usually vault or half-vault, pear, saddle mixed with slope terrain, sometimes sharp or rugger, steep, strongly divided with multiple folds.

- The low mountainous area includes remaining districts, cities, from Bac Me, Ha Giang town through Vi Xuyen to Bac Quang. This area has jungles among relatively flat valleys along streams, rivers. The surveyed section locates in this area.

- The area where the project route will pass by features a mountainous area with high, difficult mountain, great longitudinal and horizontal slope, strongly dissected by deep valleys when heavy rains, slipping phenomenon occurs. Terrain features strongly cleavage, some locations cross or encroach on irrigation ditches, streams or natural waterbodies.

2.1.3. Geological characteristics

Valley mixed with low hills: this terrain is widely distributed on the whole route, inclining from West to East, with quite gentle slope of the mountainside from 5-100m. There are

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Ending point Km 286+000

Ending point Km284+600 -Km286+00

Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincemountains from Northwest – Southeast along two sides of the valley. Apart from a thin organic soil layer of 0.2-0.5m thick at rice fields and upland fields, there is also clay mixed with quasi-plastic to hard soil grit, covering from 0.5 to 1.5 m thick on the road’s embankment, to 2-5m in the area through the field. The base rock consists of medium to strong weathered siltstone, and limestone consists of mass limestone, crushed limestone or moderately weathered limestone.

Weathering - denuding feature: The terrain consists of strips of earthy hills, round - pointed rocky mountains, convex sides, moderate to steep horizontal slope, with clay cover containing rocky macadam and sandy soil, terrain is divided by slots, trenches and erosion ditches which are formed by the erosion of rainwater and surface water. The natural coverage is low - very low (upland fields and regenerating forests with thin and small density), concentrating in some big passages and slopes (Doc Cun, Thung Khe Pass, Chieng Dong Pass ...)

River sedimentation: sedimentation is found at streams and their alluvial grounds. Alluvial composition: floating rocks, rolling boulders mixed with sand pebbles. The thickness of the sediments depends on many river morphological factors. This terrain is rarely seen on the route.

The section of the NH2 which will be upgraded and constructed under this project will mainly run on the following two types of terrain:

- Weathered and hillside denudation terrain: This terrain consists of soil hills, rocky mountains with round and pointed top, convex sides, medium-steep horizontal slope, with clay coating containing gravel and is divided by slots, trenches, eroding ditches. Erosion channels, ditches are formed by the erosion of rainwater and surface water. The level of natural coverage is medium - low (planted forests and regenerated forests with thin tree density). The alignment of the section will basically follow the lower slope of the above terrain type.

- Topography of river valley: the section of road will run along the river valley with low-lying topography, with a relatively large thickness, the main composition is clay, clay mixed with gravel.

2.1.4. Climatic and meteorological conditions

Ha Giang is in moonson tropical zone and high mountains, Ha Giang's climate basically bear features of Viet Bac - Hoang Lien Son zone, yet has specific characteristics, cooler and colder than Northeastern provinces, but warmer than Northwest provinces, etc.

Average temperature of a year is about 21.6oC - 23.9oC, temperature range in a year is over 10oC, and in a day the fluctuation is also 6-7oC. In hot season, the absolute temperature is up to 40oC (June, July), on the contrary, in cold season, the absolute temperature is 2.20oC (January).

Rain regime of Ha Giang is diverse. The entire province has average rainfall of about 2,300 - 2,400mm. For Bac Quang only, the rainfall is over 4,000mm, being one of largest centres in Vietnam. Rainfall varies between regions, between years and between months in a year. In 2001, rainfall measured in Ha Giang station is 2,253.6mm, Bac Quang 4,244mm, Hoang Su Phi 1,337.9 mm. In the highest rainfall month in Bac Quang (June), it can reach over 1,400mm, while rainfall in December in Hoang Su Phi is 3.5mm, Bac Me 1.4mm, etc.

Average humidity in Ha Giang reaches 85% and the fluctuation is insignificant. The peak time (June, July, August) is about 87 - 88%, and the lowest point (Jan., Feb., Mar.) is about 81%. Especially, the distinction between dry and rain seasons is not clear. Ha Giang is cloudy (average cloud quantity is about 7.5/10, in the end of winter, it is as much as 8 - 9/10) and has little sunlight (the whole year has 1,427 sunny hours, high month 181 hours, little month 74

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincehours).

Wind directions in Ha Giang depends on the valley's terrain. Song Lo valley almost has only one wind direction of of Southeast and the frequency exceeds 50%. In general, the winds are weak, the average speed is about 1-1.5m/s. This province also has many thunderstorm days, up to 103 days/year, there is drizzles and foggy weather, especially it has very little dews, the typical portrait of Ha Giang's climate is high humidity, prolonged and cool multiple rains, both affect production and life.

2.1.5. Hydrological conditions

Large rivers in Ha Giang belongs to Red River system, the province has relatively thick thickness Most rivers have uneven depth, steepy slopes, with several falls, inconvenient for waterway traffic. Lo river is a large river in in Ha Giang, starting from Liu Lung (Van, China), passing through Ha Giang town, Bac Quang and then back to Tuyen Quang. This is the main source of irrigational water for the Province's centre. Chay river starts from Southwestern side of Tay Con Linh mount, and Northeast side of Kieu Lien Ti mount, density of branches is high (11km/km2), the factor of water concentration is 2.0km/m2. Although only the first section of the river belongs to the province, it is the main source of water for the West of Ha Giang province. Gam river starts from Nghiem Son, Tay Tru (China), pasing Lung Cu, Meo Vang to near Tuyen Quang town and then joins Lo river. This is the main source of water for the West of the province. Besides, in Ha Giang province there are also shorter and smaller rivers, such as Nho Que, Mien, Bac, Chung rivers, several streams and springs, which provide water for production and life activities.

The subproject is located in the region with seasonal climate, strongly dissected topography, so the hydrological network is quite complicated, unevenly distributed, mainly in the form of branches, many currents with too large flow, causing flooding in rainy season, but depletion, drought in dry season, some rivers flowing in arc shape. In the subproject area, there is Lo River flowing through, which has a total length of 450 km, originating from Yunnan province, China, flowing into our country’s territory through Thanh Thuy border gate of Vi Xuyen district and then flowing in a circular form along the southern slope of Song Chay river. When reaching to Vinh Tuy, it flows in the West Northern – Eastern South direction and converges with the Chay River, with a length of 274 km, the average slope of the river bed is 1.97 ‰. The runoff is quite large, but there is a relatively high variation between seasons of the year and from year to year. The maximum flow is about 1,170m3/s, the minimum flow is 128 m3/s.

In addition to Lo river, Ha Giang province has a thriving network of rivers and streams, including big rivers such as Chay river, Mien river... and many other large and small stream systems. Due to the development in the region with seasonal climate change, strongly dissected topography, the network of rivers and streams is also quite complicated, unevenly distributed, mainly in the form of branches, many streams with large flow causing floods in the rainy season but dry up and droughts in the dry season.

The road under this subproject is located in the basin terrain, running along Lo River, which will be affected by the hydrological regime of the river section, so the rope is flooded in the rainy season.

2.1.6. Natural resources

The field survey showed that these two roads are located close to the city center and pass through densely populated areas; thus, the ecological characteristics of these two areas include urban and field ecosystems, combining with forest trees.

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Vegetation: forestry trees (pine, acacia, eucalyptus), fruit trees and wet rice occupy a sizable area, this is the human ecological system, created and maintained by man for food and other essential products for household life. Natural trees are mainly shrubs and some are of no economic and conservation value.

The terrestrial animals found in the project area are mainly domestic animals (buffalos, cows, pigs, chickens...). The wild animals in the subproject area are mainly species inhabiting by humans such as worms, sparrows, mice, lizards, frogs... and insects.

Aquatic ecosystems include common fish species such as tilapia, Cyprinus carpio, Neopterygii, shrimp, crab, seaweed, algae, and Aroideae ...

In general, the biodiversity of residential areas and agricultural cultivation areas is considered to be quite rich, there is no endangered species in need of protection according to Vietnam's Red Book.

2.2. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE SUBPROJECT AREA

In the beginning of October 2020, the subproject owner collaborated with the consultant and the environmental monitoring unit (Center for research, training and transfer of natural resources and environment technologies) to take samples, measure, and analyze environmental quality from October 1, 2020 to October 10, 2020 in the subproject area and the subproject affected area according to the documents issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on technical process of monitoring and analysis at the laboratory.

The selected sampling locations are typical locations that are representative of the baseline environmental condition in the subproject area. As a result, the environmental baseline will be created to assess the initial status of the area.

Figure 3: Sampling locations for environmental monitoring

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province2.2.1. Air quality

a) Sampling locations: To assess the existing status of the air environment quality in the subproject area, the subproject owner and the consultant took samples from 2 locations in the subproject area, at each location, the sample were taken three times in October 2020.

Parameters for rapid field measurements include temperature and humidity. For other parameters, the samples were collected in the field, stored in accordance with the current regulations on sample preservation and transportation. The following table shows the locations of atmospheric environmental monitoring in the subproject area.

Table 7: Air sampling locations in the supproject

No.

Symbols Coordinate (VN 2000 - 3-degree zone)

Sampling locationsFirst time

Second time

Third time X (m) Y (m)

1 K2.1 K2.3 K2.5 2521252 447756 Km285+00

2 K2.2 K2.4 K2.6 2522068 446976 Km286+00

b) Analysis result

Table 8: Analyzing results of air environment

No. Locations

Name of

samples

Temperature NO2 SO2 CO TSP Noise

oC µg/m3 dBA

II Ha Giang road section

1First time

K2.1 24,9 29 28 <5000 134 47,3

2 K2.2 25,0 35 27 <5000 133 49,7

3Second time

K2.3 28,8 30 28 <5000 128 49,2

4 K2.4 29,0 35 27 <5000 105 48,9

5Third time

K2.5 27,2 38 35 <5000 116 41,7

6 K2.6 26,9 36 32 <5000 137 51,0

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - - - - ≤ 70QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - 200 350 30000 300 -

Note: QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality; (1) QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise and (2) QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration.

Comments: All measurement parameters analyzing the existing status of the air environment in the area in all 3 sampling locations in the subproject area are lower than the allowable limit compared to QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT (average in 1 hour) lots. The environmental quality in the subproject area is still within the allowable load-bearing threshold, but during the subproject implementation, it is necessary to strictly control sources of possible environmental pollution.

2.2.2. Surface water quality

a) Sampling locations: To assess the existing status of surface water quality in the subproject area, the subproject owner and the consultant took samples from 02 locations of Lo river

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincesurface in the subproject area. The locations for surface water sampling are representative and typical locations in the area directly affected by the subproject, in order to assess the existing status of surface water quality in the area prior to subproject construction. Sampling at each location was taken 3 times in October 2020.

The parameters for rapid measurement in the field include: Temperature, pH and DO. For analyzing other parameters, samples would be taken at the site, stored and transported in accordance with current environmental requirements. The location for monitoring and collecting surface water samples is shown in the table below.

Table 9: Surface water sampling locations

No.

SymbolsCoordinate (VN 2000 - 3-degree

zone) Sampling locationsFirst time

Second time


1 NM2.1 NM2.3 NM2.5 2520933 447803 Lo river, Km284+300

2 NM2.2 NM2.4 NM2.6 2522160 447039 Lo river, Km286+100

b) Analyzing result

Table 10: Analyzing results of surface water quality

No Parameters Unit

Analyzing results QCVN08-MT:2015/BTNMT

(Column B1)First time Second time Third time

NM2.1 NM2.2 NM2.3 NM2.4 NM2.5 NM2.6

1 pH - 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.2 5.5-9

2 BOD5 mg/l 7.1 4.3 6.9 4.0 6.4 3.9 15

3 DO mg/l 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.6 4.2 4.6 >=4

4 TSS mg/l 8 13 6 11 8 10 50

5 NH4+ by N mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.9

6 NO3- by N mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 10

7 Chloride (Cl-) mg/l 3.0 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.9 4.5 350

8 PO43- by P mg/l <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 0.3

9 Total grease and oil mg/l <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 1

10 Surfactant mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.4

11 Coliform MPN/100ml 140 200 120 230 110 280 7500

Note: QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality, Column A2 - Used for domestic water supply purposes, but appropriate treatment technology must be required, or for use purposes such as B1 and B2; Column B1 - For irrigation or other uses requiring similar water quality or other uses as B2.

Comments: The analysis of surface water environment shows that most of the parameters are within the allowable limits compared to QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT (column B1 - used for

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceirrigation purposes, drainage or other uses requiring similar water quality or other uses as B2). So, basically, the water quality of Lo river in the subproject area is not polluted.

2.2.3. Groundwater quality

a) Sampling locations: To assess the existing status of the quality of underground water in the project area, the project owner and the consultant took sample at one location in the subproject area. Sampling locations are local households’ drilled wells. Each sampling site was measured three times in October 2020.

The criteria for rapid measurement in the field include: Temperature, pH and DO. For other parameters, the samples would be taken at the site, stored and transported in accordance with current environmental requirements. Groundwater sampling locations are shown in the table below.

Table 11: Groundwater sampling locations

No.

SymbolCoordinate (VN 2000 - 3-degree

zone) Sampling locationsFirst time

Second time


1 NN2.1 NN2.2 NN2.3 2522328 446921Drilled well water at Mrs. Nguyen Ha Trang's house, Cau Me Hamlet, Phuong Thien Ward, Ha Giang

b) Analysis result

Table 12: Analyzing results of groundwater quality

No Parameters Unit

Analyzing results QCVN09-MT:2015/

BTNMT (Column B1)

First time Second time Third time

NN2.1 NN2.2 NN2.3

1 pH - 7.4 7.3 7.4 5.5-8.5

2 Hardness mg/l 33 37 35 500

3 N-NH4 mg/l 0.055 0.058 0.056 1

4 N-NO2 mg/l 0.054 0.056 0.059 1

5 N-NO3 mg/l 0.072 0.074 0.070 15

6 FeTS mg/l 0.43 0.44 0.42 5

7 As mg/l 0.0008 0.0009 0.0011 0.05

8 Hg mg/l KPH KPH KPH 0.001

9 Cd mg/l 0.0006 0.0005 0.0008 0.005

10 Pb mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.01

11 Coliform MPN/100ml KPH KPH KPH 3

Note: QCVN 09: 2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on groundwater quality; KPH - not detected.

Comments and assessment: Based on the results of the analysis of underground water quality in the subproject area, it shows that the parameters are within the allowable limits compared to QCVN 09-MT: 2015/BTNMT. This result shows that the underground water environment

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincein the subproject area is good, with no signs of pollution.

2.2.4. Soil quality

a) Sampling locations: To assess the existing status of soil environment quality in the subproject area, the subproject owner and the consultant took samples at 2 locations in the subproject area for analysis. Each location was monitored in three times in October 2020.

Samples were kept and stored in accordance with the current regulations on sample storage and transport. The table below presents the soil sampling locations in the subproject area

Table 13: Soil sampling locations

NoSymbol Coordinate (VN 2000 -

3-degree zone)Sampling locations

First time

Second time


1 D2.1 D2.3 D2.5 2521074 447749 Km 284+600, hill soil

2 D2.2 D2.4 D2.6 2521967 446994 Km 285+900, hill soil

b) Analysis result

Table 14: Analyzing results of soil quality

No. Locations Name of samples

As Cd Cu Pb Zn Cr

mg/kg

1 First time

D3.1 D2.1 2.4 0.5 20.4 23.3 30,8

2 D3.2 D2.2 2.6 0.7 25.2 23.1 37,5

3 Second time

D3.3 D2.3 2.3 0.5 21.6 20.4 33,7

4 D3.4 D2.4 2.2 0.6 24.1 23.0 39,6

5 Third time

D3.5 D2.5 2.0 0.5 20.2 19.7 33,5

6 D3.6 D2.6 2.1 0.4 20.8 20.0 35,0

QCVN 03-MT:2015/ BTNMT

Forest land 20 3 150 100 200 200

Residential land 15 2 100 70 200 200

Note: QCVN 03-MT: 2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on allowable limits of heavy metals in soil.

The analyzing results of soil samples taken in the subproject area show that the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr) in the subproject area are many times lower than allowable limits of QCVN 03: 2015/BTNMT- National technical regulation on allowable limits of some heavy metals in soil. During construction process, the topsoil will be removed, then depending on the soil’s characteristics; it will be reused or disposed of. Thus, the quantity of excavated soil can be reused for different purposes such as leveling... or can be disposed of as normal waste.

2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

According to the census dated 1/4/2019, Ha Giang’s population is 854,679 people, of which, 135,465 people are living in urban areas (accounting for about 15.8% of the population). Compared to other northern mountainous provinces, Ha Giang's population is relatively large. Ethnic groups: Mong (32.9% of the total population of the province), Tay (23.2%), Dao

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province(14.9%), Vietnamese (12.8%), Nung (9.7%).

The subproject is located at the beginning of the route to Ha Giang city. There are sparse population living along the two sides of the road. A socio-economic survey was conducted in October 2020 in two communes located along the NH2, section Km284 + 600 - Km286 + 000. The survey was conducted by questionnaires on 45 AHs with 182 people in 2 subproject communes namely Dao Duc of Vi Xuyen district and Phuong Thien of Ha Giang city. The survey results are as follows:

Demographic information of the surveyed households

From the survey results, the average household size in the communes is 4 people. However, the average number of members per household varies between communes. In which, the biggest household size is 4.1 people in Phuong Thien commune, and the smallest household size is 3.8 people in Dao Duc commune. Households with 3-4 members account for the highest proportion of about 48.9%, followed by households with 5-6 members accounting for 26.7%; household families with 1-2 members account for 11.1% and households with more than 6 members only account for 13.3%.

Ethnicity of the surveyed people

From the survey results it can be seen that out of 45 people interviewed, the Kinh group accounts for 86.4%, followed by the Tay ethnic group accounting for 13.6%. Details of ethnic groups are presented in the following table.

Table 15: Ethnicity of the surveyed people

No Location

Kinh Tay Total

HH Percentage HH Percentag

e HH Percentage

I Vi Xuyen district 12 91.7% 1 8.3% 13 100%

1 Dao Duc commune 12 91.7% 1 8.3% 13 100%

II Ha Giang city 27 84.4% 5 15.6% 32 100%

1 Phuong Thien commune 27 84.4% 5 15.6% 32 100%

Total 39 86.4% 6 13.6% 45 100%Source: SES survey data, October 2020

Ethnic minorities in the subproject area include the Tay, Man, Meo and Hoa people. However, Tay ethnic group is the biggest group living in the subproject area. According to the consultation results, the project implementation will not affect the indigenous culture and social security of the local ethnic minority community. In addition, there is no difference in production activities and accessibility to social services between the ethnic minority households and the Kinh people. Income level of these households is also similar and is at a fairly average level.

Out of a total of 45 households surveyed in 02 communes/wards of the subproject, there are 9 vulnerable households, in which 03 households are eligible for social assistance and 06 households are people of ethnic minority.

Employment

Out of a total of 45 interviewees about the main income sources of households, it can be noticed that agriculture (mainly growing industrial crops) accounts for the highest proportion

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceof 17.8%, followed by hired employment and the proportion of workers working as factory workers of 17.8%, the husbandry and business groups account for 8.9%, retirement accounts for 2.2%, the group of officers and state officials account for 6.7%, staffs in private companies account for 15.6% and 4.4% are working for transport field. Details of the respondent's occupation is presented in the following table.

Table 16: Main occupation of household heads

No. Main occupation of the household head

Dao Duc commune

Phuong Thien commune Total

People % People % People %

1 Agricultural production 2 16.7 6 18.2 8 17.8

2 Husbandry 1 8.3 3 9.1 4 8.9

3 Trading/business 0 0.0 4 12.1 4 8.9

4 Factory worker 3 25 5 15.2 8 17.8

5 State’s official 1 8.3 2 6.1 3 6.7

6 Staff of private company 2 16.7 5 15.2 7 15.6

7 Working in transportation field 0 0.0 2 6.1 2 4.4

8 Hired job 3 25.0 5 15.2 8 17.8

9 Retired 0 0.0 1 3.0 1 2.2

Total 12 100 33 100 45 100

Source: SES survey data, October 2020

Households’ income

Survey results show that there is no household with average income below the poverty line. The near-poor group has an average income of 3,000,000 VND ≤5,000,000/household/month, accounting for 4.4%. Households having income level of 5,000,000 VND ≤ 8,000,000/household/month account for 40.0%, followed by the income level of 8,000,000 ≤ 10,000,000 VND/household/month with 46.7%. The income level of over 10,000,000 VND/household/month accounts for 8.9%. Details are presented in the following table.

Table 17: Monthly average income of household

No IncomeDao Duc commune Phuong Thien commune Total


1 < 3,000,000đ 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

2 3,000,000 ≤ 5,000,000 0 0.0 2 6.1 2 4.4

3 5,000,000 ≤ 8,000,000 7 58.3 11 33.3 18 40.0

4 8,000,000 ≤ 10,000,000 5 41.7 16 48.5 21 46.7

5 >10,000,000 0 0.0 4 12.1 4 8.9

Total 12 100 33 100 45 100


Household’s spending

Average spending from 3,000,000 VND≤ 5,000,000/household/month accounts for 24.4%,

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincespending from 5,000,000 ≤ 8,000,000 VND/household/month accounts for 51.1%. Spending from 8,000,000 ≤ 10,000,000 VND/household/month accounts for 20.0%, and on the average spending over 10,000,000 VND/household/month only accounts for 4.4%. No household has spending level lower than 3,000,000 VND/household/month. Details of average monthly household spending is presented in the following table:

Table 18: Household’s average monthly spending

No Spending

Dao Duc commune

Phuong Thien commune Total


1 < 3,000,000đ 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

2 3,000,000 ≤ 5000,000 7 58.3 4 12.1 11 24.4

3 5,000,000 ≤ 8,000,000 5 41.7 18 54.5 23 51.1

48,000,000 ≤ 10,000,000 0 0.0 9 27.3 9 20.0

5 >10,000,000 0 0.0 2 6.1 2 4.4

Total 12 100 33 100 45 100

Source: SES survey data, October 2020 Households’ living standards: Survey results on living standards of households in the subproject area show that, there is no poor or near poor household in the subproject area, 100% of the interviewed households have been out of poverty.

Medical and healthcare

Survey results show that, in the last 6 months, people mainly suffer from common diseases such as colds, flu, and respiratory diseases. The main causes of disease are weather changes.

In general, the health condition of the people is guaranteed. There are no major epidemics in the region. Over the past years, the city has also been proactive in preventing epidemics such as H1N1 flu, blue-ear pig epidemic, viral encephalitis... and recently Covid-19 epidemic. As a result, these epidemics have little impact on people’s health.

All communes/wards in the subproject area have medical stations meeting the standards according to the National Criteria for Commune/Ward Health for the 2011-2020 period. Commune health stations are solidly built, with equipment and a contingent of trained medical staff and doctors who have been developed both in quantity and professional qualifications. The commune/ward health station is considered the primary health care line for the people. However, people coming to the station for medical examination and treatment are often very few. The main station often examines for common diseases and vaccines, periodically examines children and distributes medicine to people with meritorious services and insurance participants. When people get sick, people often have the habit of looking for reputable establishments, hospitals and general clinics rather than going to medical stations.

Education

In the communes of the project area, all wards and communes (2/2) have primary and secondary schools. Communes maintain and reach the standard of universal primary education for children at 5 years old and reach the standard of universal primary education.

2.4. INFRASTRUCTURAL STATUS

Water supply

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceThere are various water sources for the surveyed households in the project commune/ward for purposes of bathing, washing, daily activities, including 89.0% using tap water; followed 7.0% using well water, and 4.0% using water from mountain creeks. Details are presented in the table below.

Table 19: Water use in the subproject ward/commune

No LocationsTap water Water from valley Drilled well Total

HHs % HHs % HHs % HHs %

I Vi Xuyen district 12 100 0 0 0 0 12 100%

1 Dao Duc commune 12 100 0 0 0 0 12 100%

II Ha Giang city 28 85 2 6 3 9 33 100%

1 Phuong Thien commune 28 85 2 6 3 9 33 100%

Total 40 89% 2 4 3 7 45 100


Water drainage

The survey results show that the drainage system in the subproject area basically meets the domestic drainage needs of the households in the subproject area, but the drainage system in the subproject area has not been synchronously invested. There is only drainage sewer on some main roads of the commune / ward, storm water and domestic waste water mainly flow naturally into lakes, ponds, garden... Therefore, untreated wastewater, arbitrarily discharged into the environment will pollute water sources, affecting the living environment of households. This will be the place where there is potential for disease outbreaks.

Flooded situation

The results of consultation with local authorities and household surveys show that, in the area of 2 subproject communes, there is rarely localized flooding, however in the rainy season there is flood in communes. The reason is that, drainage systems have not been invested in the residential areas so the drainage is slow.

Electricity and fuel supply

The survey results show that 100% of the affected households now have access to the national grid electricity used for lighting, daily life and production.

The use of fuel for cooking by households is currently very diverse, in which there are 3 main sources of fuel: Gas, Electricity and firewood. According to the survey results, 97.8% of households are using gas for daily cooking, the proportion using electricity for cooking accounts for 2.2%.

Environmental sanitation

Survey results show that, out of a total of 45 surveyed households, only 100% of households living along the inter-communal and inter-village roads have their generated waste collected by the Urban Environment Company Limited.

In in-depth interviews and community group discussions also suggested that the collection of wastes is only good for households located in the main roads of the villages. For the alleys located far from the main roads, the waste has not been collected but discharged indiscriminately into the drainage ditch, causing congestion and environmental pollution. Thus, it can be seen that waste is also one of the problems causing environmental pollution affecting people's lives when it is not collected properly and in the right place.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province2.5. SPECIFIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE SUBPROJECT AREA

At the first section of the route at Km284 + 600 (NH2), there are cliff, production forest on the left side of the road, and households’ gardens with trash trees and the Lo river at the right side of the road;

At the next section to the end of the route at km 286 + 000, there are also cliffs, production forests and bushes on the left side. There are a number of houses scattered along the two sides of the route; On the right side, there are mostly households’ orchards and gardens with trash trees; There is a power line along the left side.

The terrain here is featured with high and difficult mountains, with big horizontal and longitudinal slopes, strongly divided by deep valleys where there is ability of land erosion in heavy rains. The terrain is strongly disserted, at some locations, there are crossing or encroachment to the irrigation ditches or natural waterbodies.

The existing status of each road sections is described below:

Table 20: Specific socio-economic and environmental conditions

Section Photos taken at site visit Description

Km284+600-Km284+700:

The starting point at km284 + 600 is located at the entrance gate of Ha Giang city

The beginning of the route, existing status of the surface of the NH 2

- The starting point is in Dao Duc commune - Vi Xuyen district;- There are a few households / shops on the right side of the road, with sparse density; - The density of vehicles in traffic is quite high on the route; - There are high mountains with many mixed trees between trash trees and production forests (acacia, eucalyptus) on the left side of this road section.

Km 284+700 – Km284+900

Photo of affected works, structures at the sound slope

- There are a few households / shops on the right side of the road, with sparse density;- The density of vehicles in traffic is quite high on the route;- There are high mountains with many mixed trees between trash trees and crops (maize) on the right side of this section.

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the house which is partially affected by the upgrading and expanding of National

Highway 2, at the sound slope

Km 284+900 – Km 284+950 Location of land and crops affected by the

upgrading and expansion of NH 2

Location of land and crops affected by the upgrading and expansion of NH 2


Km 284+950 – Km285+000

Location of land and crops affected by the upgrading and expansion of NH 2

- There are a few households / shops on the right side of the road, with sparse density;- The density of vehicles in traffic is quite high on the route;- There are high mountains with many mixed trees between trash trees production forest (acacia, eucalyptus) on the left side of this section.- On the right side of this section, there is Lo river, with no naviation activity at this section.

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Architectural structures partially affected during upgrading and expansion of NH2

At Km285+000

- The density of vehicles in traffic is quite high on the route;- There are high mountains with many mixed trees between trash trees production forest (acacia, eucalyptus) on the left side of this section.- On the right side of this section, there is Lo river, with no naviation activity at this section.

Km 285+100 – Km 285+ 200




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Km 285+200 – Km285+250




Km 285+200 – Km286+000

Ending point of the section at Km286+000

- at the side of the embanked slope, there is land for perennial crops, the side of the sound slope, there is no household; - The density of vehicles in traffic is quite high on the route;- On the right side of this section, there is Lo river, with no naviation activity at this section.

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CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The environmental and social impact assessment for the Upgrading and expanding of National Highway 2 section 284+600-Km 285+995 in Ha Giang province in the stages of preparation, construction and operation, to quantify and qualify possible impacts on environment, social and people’s health in the course of subproject implementation, at the same time propose negative impact mitigation measures for this type of subproject.

3.1. POSITIVE IMPACTS OF THE SUBPROJECT

The subproject implementation will bring about benefits such as:

- Gradually implementing the master plan on socio-economic development of Ha Giang city up to 2030;

- Improving infrastructure conditions for communes and wards which are still limited, facilitate trade between communes in the region and outside provinces;

- Raising the capacity to transport goods and transport vehicles through the city area and Thanh Thuy border gate;

- Facilitating regional economic promotion: transportation of agricultural products, convenient transportation and trade, etc.

- Improving the regional landscape conditions.

- Reduce the risks of traffic jams and digestion.

- Minimize inundation in some residential areas, improve environmental conditions in the local community area.

3.2. TYPES AND SCOPES OF IMPACTS

Based on the analysis of baseline data, field visits and discussions with officials and stakeholders, the project’s potential negative impacts on the physical, biological and economic environments have been identified. The type and scope of these potential negative impacts that may be caused by the implementation of the subproject’s items are summarized in the table below. The potential negative impacts of the project, after implementation of the mitigation measures presented in the following sections of the report, are mostly negligible.

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Table 21: Negative impacts which may be caused by the subproject

Period

Physical environment

Biological environment Social environment Other impacts

Air, noise

, vibrat

ion

Soil,

water

Solid waste, sludge

Forest, natural habitat

Hydrobiology

Land Acquisition and Resettle

ment

Indigenous

people

Physical cultural resource

s

Livelihoods,

community

disturbance

Flooding/traffic/safety

landslides/disasters

- Upgrading and expanding the NH2: Urban main road- Start point: Km284+600 in Vi Xuyen district.- End point: Km285+995 in Ha Giang city.- Length of the Section: about 1.40 km.- Scope of the road with 04 lanes Bbase = 25.0m.

Total area of permanent affected land is 52,170 m2 (21 HHs), in which 02 households affected with more than one type of land, Details are as follows:

- Residential land: 2,611 m2 of 10 households- Acquired perrenial land: 14,647 m2 of 09 households and 1 organization.- Production land: 27,833 m2 of 6 households- Unused land: 7,080 m2 of 02 organizations.

Preparation

N N N N N M L N L M N

Construction

M L L L L N L N L M L

Operation

L L N N N N L N N L N

Notes

Minor to moderate impact and controllable via ESCOPs (see note (2) below this table)The leveling can affect the drainage system in the area if not paid enough attention in the detailed design process; soil erosion, landslides can increase the risk of pollution of lakes, water in the area, especially pollution of streams, streams and ponds/reservoirs.Construction: 42.868 m3 waste soil created by the digging process; wastewater from construction process; social impactsOperation: traffic safety, drainage (ditch system)

Notes:(1) The following criteria are used to evaluate the impact level: No (N) - No impact; Low (L) - Small-scale, minor, local, changeable, temporary works; Medium (M) -Small works in urban/sensitive areas, medium-sized works with moderate impacts, most of the impacts are changeable, can be mitigated and controlled, be local and temporary in nature; High (H) - Medium-sized works in sensitive areas/small towns; large-scale subprojects that have significant impacts (in terms of environment and society), many of which are irreversible and need compensation; Both M and H works need supervision and implementation of appropriate safety mitigation and remediation measures.(2) Minor and medium scale works, most of the impacts are local, temporary and can be mitigated by adopting advanced construction methods and appropriate construction management mechanisms. There is a need for close supervision and consultation with local communities.Severely affected households: households who lose more than 20% of land (or 10% of productive land)

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Relocated people: people affected by unintentional land acquisition resulting in:Relocation or loss of accommodationLoss of property or access to propertyLoss of income sources or means of livelihood, regardless of relocation or notLimit legal access to parks and protected areas, causing serious impacts on life.Vulnerable Group: Groups that are differently affected by the project's severe impacts and/or difficulty in accessing benefits and compensation, including livelihood restoration and property compensation, when Compare with the rest of APs. These individuals, regardless of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disabilities, social or economic difficulties, may be more affected by economic or physical displacement compared with others and who are more limited in their ability to receive resettlement compensation or resettlement assistance and other associated development benefits.

3.3. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE PRECONSTRUCTION PHASE

1. Impacts due to land acquisition

According to the results of Inventory of Loss (IOL) conducted in October 2020 by the RAP preparation Consultant, the upgrading and expanding National Highway 2, section Km284 + 600 - Km286 + 000 will affect 2 villages of 02 Phuong Thien commune (Ha Giang city) and Dao Duc commune (Vi Xuyen district), Ha Giang province. The section of Ha Giang province will permanently affect the land, structures, trees and crops of 21 households and 03 organizations (People’s Committees of 2 communes, Thai Ha Company Limited). No severely is affected households (due to loss of 20% of total productive land area, or 10% for vulnerable households), no affected household has to relocated, no household is in the vulnerable group

Impacts on land: Total area of permanent affected land in all types is 52,170 m2 (21 households), including 02 households affected with more than one type of land. Details are as follows:

- Residential land: 2,611 m2 of 10 households

- Acquired perrenial land: 14,647 m2 of 09 households and 1 organization.

- Production land: 27,833 m2 of 6 households

- Unused land: 7,080 m2 of 02 organizations.

Impacts on structures: 625.5 m2 graded 4 houses of 7 Hhs, 472 m2 on-floor house of 4 HHs, 48 m2 temporary kiosk of 1 HH and 20 m2 walls and 13 centrifugal electric poles 110kV, and 5 low voltage poles 0.4kV.

Impacts on trees and crops: Total affected timber: 1,401 trees (mainly acacia, eucalyptus) of 14 households.

According to the policies, none of the affected households are considered to be severely affected households due to loss of more than 20% of total productive land and 10% for vulnerable households. There is no displaced household and vulnerable household.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceTable 22: Summary of the types of land acquired in the NH2 section – Ha Giang province

No. Ward/commune

Residential land Perennial land Forest productive land Public land

(Unused land)HH area HH area HH area

I Ha Giang city 9 1437 9 14647 5 27,304 4,941

Phuong Thien commune 9 1437 9 14647 5 27,304 4,941

II Vi Xuyen district 1 1174 0 0 1 529 2,139

Dao Duc commune 1 1174 0 0 1 529 2,139

Total 10 2611 9 14647 6 27,833 7,080

(Source: IOL in 10/2020)

According to the survey results, all households affected by the subroject have main income from agriculture. Thus, land acquisition will create a certain suffer for their livelihood and income sources. In the first time, they will encounter into difficulties related to narrowed down agricultural area, or even loss of cultivation area. Therefore, besides compensation at the requirements of the State and Ha Giang province, the living restoration programs such as vocational training, employment and loan for business will be considered to help them adapt to the new living conditions and improve their incomes.

Impacts on livelihoods and loss of cultivation land: In the very first period, the affected households will be affected by the narrowed cultivation area or even loss of cultivation area. However, they will be supported with loan and technical matters to immediately engage in production and seek a suitable job, ensuring their economic conditions and living quality. Besides, the subproject will take priority to hire workers from affected households to carry out simple jobs so that their income will be improved.

The site clearance and compensation, support for affected households is considered to be quite sensitive and complicated. If not satisfactory with the policies, possible claims or disputes will arise among households and between households and the subproject Owner, then conflicts happen and people’s trust will be lost in the course of compensation, site clearance. In order to ensure the entitlements of AHs, the project Owner shall comply with compensation, support policies in accordance with regulations of Ha Giang city.

Impact levels: medium and long term because affected households mainly depend on agriculture and long-term agricultural trees. Besides, the Subproject does not affect cultural structures and historical relics.

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Figure 4: Boundary of site clearance for the NH 2 section Km 284+600-Km 285+995

2. Impacts from bombs and UXO

Ha Giang province in general and the Subproject area in particular is the war-area in the past years, it is prone to the risks of bombs and UXO: If the unexploded ordnances (UXO) are not cleared, this can be a risk in construction phase which can directly affect workers, and the subproject works’ items. The impacts are considered to be MAJOR and long-term, which affect people’s psychology, health, assets and life of workers at the incident areas. At the same time, these impacts can affect a wide range, affecting the air, causing deterioration of soil quality. However, these impacts can be mitigated through clearance of bombs, mines and unexploded ordnances by functional units.

In the case all the roject’s items are implemented with clearance of bombs, mines and explosives, including section of the NH2 – Ha Giang section (the scope of site clearance). The risk of explosion may directly affect those who are directly involved in the clearance work because of the potential of the war’s left-over unexploded ordnances. The clearance process may detonate mines and unexploded ordnance due to improper clearance techniques, posing a danger to the clearance workers’ lives. This impact is considered medium because the scope is small (about 1.4km, expanding 12 m wide), but can be mitigated because the clearing unit is a military unit, with full functionality, technical equipment, qualifications and experience.

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Figure 5: Illustrative images for UXO clearance

Thus, mine clearance is important to avoid possible threats to the surrounding infrastructure and to the safety of the people and construction workers. For the subproject, mines should be carefully reviewed and cleared before starting construction activities. The impacts of residual explosives will cause significant negative impacts if not having mitigation measures, causing high risks to the health, life and infrastructure. Mine clearance must be completed before construction commencement.

3.4. IMPACTS AND RISKS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Types of activities to be performed during the construction of works items of subproject include:

- Erection of worker camps and construction office;- Operation of machines and workers;- Transportation and gathering of raw materials and fuels for construction;- Expansion of road foundations, excavation and ground levelling- Excavation and leveling at drainage culverts;- Removal of damaged and degraded road pavement.- Construction activities of works;- Backfilling, restoration of site at the temporarily acquired area and dumping site;- Construction of subgrade layer and and asphalt paving for roads;- Transportation of materials to landfills.

3.4.1. General impacts during the construction phase

3.4.1.1. Impacts on air quality

1. Dust and air pollutants

a) Dust from earthwork, leveling and surface soil removal

The process of excavation, backfilling is considered to be the most substantial source of dust during the construction phase. In the case of heavy construction conducted in the dry season, dust pollution will be at highest level with its concentration of 10 - 15 times greater than the allowable level. Dust concentration will gradually decrease after construction works are completed. According to the feasibility study report of the subproject, the total volume of earthwork and leveling is shown in the Table below:

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Table 23: Earthwork volume of works items

No. Works itemsExcavating

volume (m3)

Levelling volume

(m3)

Total volume

(m3)

Exchange to ton

1. NH.2 from Km 284+600-Km 285+995 42,868 44,270 87,138 126,350

(Source: Feasibility Study Report)Exchange ratio 1m3 = 1,45 ton of soil and rocks

The level of dust dispersion during leveling depends on the volume of excavation and backfilling. The amount of diffused dust is calculated based on the pollution coefficient and the volume of excavated and filled soil. According to the World Health Organization guidelines, the dust concentration generated from earthwork activities of the subproject is calulated as follow:

Table 24: Dust concentration generated from earthwork activities of the subproject

No. Works Total dust (kg)

Construction

duration (day)

Load (kg/day)

Coefficient of surface

dust emission

(g/m2/day)

Medium concentration/1h (mg/m3)

QCVN 05:2013/ BTNMT (mg/m3)

1NH.2 from Km 284+600- Km 285+995

4.15 540 0.007686 0.001516 0.021061 0.30

Remarks:

- Total dust (kg) = E x total amount of excavated and leveled soil and rock

- Load quantity (kg/day) = Total dust load (kg)/Construction time (day).

- Coefficient of surface dust emission = Load (kg/day)/Site area (m2).

- Average concentration per 1 hour (mg/m3) = Load amount (kg/day)/24h/expected impact volume (m3). In which, impact volume is estimated by impact area that can be affected up to a height of 3.0m).

Calculation results from the experimental formula show that the average dust concentration of 1 hour at the construction sites of work items is within the allowable limits of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT (average 1 hour). However, the results are averaged over the entire length of the route, so the local earthwork and the arising dust concentrations may exceed the permitted limit many times. The impact of dust on residential areas is assessed at LOW level due to:

- Construction area are open spaces with many surrounding trees.

- The level of dust emission: locally at excavation and levelling sites, not widely spreaded because the emission source is a small point and work areas is open with many trees.

- Dust from excavation and levelling, with mitigation measures applied, will:

Affect daily activities and travelling of local people living near subproject areas.

Cause potential risks to public health: eye and lung diseases due to the greater amound of suspended dust in the air than normal.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceIn fact, the amount of dust emission is not too high compared to the calculated level because each work item are not conducted simultaneously (mainly in the first 1-2 months in the construction phase) and continuously. Also, construction sites are scattered in the area of Dao Duc commune - Vi Thanh district and Phuong Thien commune – Ha Giang City. Furthermore, the dust concentration decreases very quickly while away from the emission source and mitigation measures mentioned in incoming chapters will minimize dst's impacts on the surrounding air as well as local people near the subproject area.

b) Dust and emissions due to the operation of construction equipment

During the construction of the subproject, equipment, machines, rollers, trucks, compaction, etc. will generate emissions (CO, NO2, SO2) from burning fuel while operating the equipment. To calculate emissions, the report is based on document of Natz Transport, Shun Dar Lin, 2005. The emission coefficients of the exhaust gases are presented in the table below.

Table 25: Coefficient of emission of exhaust gases

Coefficient of oil used (kg/ton of soil, rock, raw materials)

Emission coefficient (kg / ton of oil)

SO2 NO2 SO2

0.1 2.8 12.3 0.05

Source: Natz Transport and Shun Dar Lin 2005

The amount of emissions generated during the operation of equipment on site is estimated in the table below:

Table 26: Estimated emissions generated from construction equipment

No. Work itemsTotal volume of

earthwork, leveling (tons)

Fuel to be used (tons of oil)

Average concentration (mg/m3)

SO2 NO2 CO

1NH.2 from Km 284+600- Km 285+995

212.942 21.29 0.151525 0.665626 0.002706

QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT (with Kp = 1 and Kv = 1.2) 600 1020 1200

In general, the concentration of emissions generated by construction equipment and machinery on the site is not high, both within the permissible limits of QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT. The main affected objects are construction workers on the construction site and residential areas near the beginning (Km 284+ 600 - Km 284+900) and along the route, etc. These impacts are local at the construction site with radius of about 50-100m from the source. However, the direct impact will last mainly about 8-10 hours a day during construction activities so it is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated through ESCOPs.

c) Dust and emissions from transportation of materials and disposals

The process of transporting raw materials, fuel and materials from the areas supplying the construction sites or transporting materials and discharging waste arises dust and exhaust from the transportation means (mainly emissions from engines include CO, SO2, NO2). Dust and emissions will directly affect transportation workers and residents living along transportation routes. Impacts due to material transportation and disposal activities include:

- Dust and emissions generated will obstruct the view, affecting the health of workers, road users and residents living along the transportation and disposal routes

- The transport process may cause traffic congestion, traffic safety, affecting people's

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transportation activities.

- Affect business and trading activities of people along the transportation and disposal routes.

- Materials are not covered, spilled during transportation, causing loss of urban beauty, affecting environmental sanitation conditions along the transport route.

- Materials are not covered, spilled during transportation, causing loss of urban beauty, affecting environmental sanitation conditions along the transport route.

The level of impact of generated dust and emissions depends on many factors such as transportation distance, engine type, engine capacity, type and amount of fuel used, air operation, and road quality. In order to estimate the amount of dust and emissions generated, this report uses the "Environmental Pollution Factor" method of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) which are applied for diesel vehicles of 10 tons capacity on urban roads as follows: (i) Dust 0.9 (g/km); (ii) SO2 4.29S (g/km, with S = 0.05% -% sulfur content in the fuel; (iii) CO 6.0 (g/km); (iv) NOx 1.18 (g/km).From the generated dust load and emissions, the SUTTON model is used to determine the average concentration of pollutants at any time with the linear waste source as follows:

Dust and emissions from transportation of materials to construction sites

According to the feasibility study report, total amount of raw materials (soil, sand, cement, iron, steel, etc.) to be transported is shown in the Table below.

Table 27: The volume of materials transported and the number of trips of the vehicle

No. Work item Volume

(ton)

Total number of

transported vehicles

(trip)

Construction time (days)

Number of vehicles transported in a day (including departure

and return)

Average transport

distance (km)

1.NH.2 from Km 284+600- Km 285+995

215,752 14,383 360 39.95 15

Table 28: Concentration of pollutants during transportation of materials

No. Work item Dust (mg/m3) CO (mg/m3)

NO2 (mg/m3)

SO2 (mg/m3)

1. NH.2 from Km 284+600- Km 285+995 0.236 0.312 0.265 0.198

According to the calculation results in the mentioned table, the concentrations of dust and emissions generated from transportation of construction materials are all lower than the permissible limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT for 1 hour. However, the dust and emissions caused by transportation can be combined with the dust and emissions of daily vehicles, along with hot weather, which can affect health and daily activities of people living along the road (the distance from the road to the people's house ranges from 5 to 50m). These impacts occur during the construction process and will gradually decrease until the operation of the works. The effect is concentrated within 8-10 hours/day.

2. Noise

During the construction phase of the subproject, noise generated mainly from the following sources:

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- Transportation of construction materials, solid waste;

- Construction and demolition of work items

- Operation of construction equipment at the construction site.

The noise will mainly affect construction workers, people living nearby the subproject area and along the transportation route. High noise level will cause health effects such as insomnia, fatigue, uncomfortable mood. It can also affect workers’s performance on the construction site, making them less mentally focused and easily leading to occupational accidents.

According to QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT, the maximum permissible noise level is 70dBA in the production area and the lowest noise level is 45dBA in health centers, libraries, nursing homes, schools from 21h to 6am. For residential areas, the maximum permitted noise level must not exceed 70dBA.

In addition to the source of dust and emission gases from earthworks and vehicles, the operation of construction machinery and equipment such as bulldozers, compactors, drilling machines, concrete mixers, excavators, trucks ... also cause noise pollution and great vibration. Forecast on noise level generated by some main construction machines and equipment is shown in the table below.

Table 29: Noise generated from construction machinery and equipment

No. Name of machine/equipment Noise (dBA) at a distance of 1.5m from the source

1 Bulldozer 93

2 Roller 72 – 74

3 Excavator 72 – 84

4 Bucket excavator 72 – 93

5 Grader 80 – 93

6 Concrete mixer 75 – 88

7 Concrete pump 80 – 83

8 Concrete compactor 85

9 Generator 72 – 83

(Source: US Environmental Protection Committee - Noise from construction equipment and construction machinery NJID, 300.1, 31/12/1971)

However, the noise level will decrease by distance and is determined by the formula. Maximum noise level by distance due to operation of construction equipment is shown in the following table:

Table 30: Maximum noise level by distance

No.

Name of machine/equipment

Noise level

distanced 1.5m

from the source (dBA)

Noise level distanced 15m from the source

(dBA)


(dBA)


(dBA)

Noise level distanced

100m from the source

(dBA)



(dBA)

Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

1 Bulldozer 93 73.0 67.0 62.5 56.5 50.5

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No.

Name of machine/equipment

Noise level

distanced 1.5m

from the source (dBA)


(dBA)


(dBA)


(dBA)



(dBA)



(dBA)

Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

2 Roller 72-74 52.0 54.0 46.0 48.0 41.5 43.5 35.5 37.5 29.5 31.5

3 Excavator 72-84 52.0 64.0 46.0 58.0 41.5 53.5 35.5 47.5 29.5 41.5

4 Bucket excavator 72-93 52.0 73.0 46.0 67.0 41.5 62.5 35.5 56.5 29.5 50.5

5 Grader 80-93 60.0 73.0 54.0 67.0 49.5 62.5 43.5 56.5 37.5 50.5

6 Concrete mixer 75-88 55.0 68.0 49.0 62.0 44.5 57.5 38.5 51.5 32.5 45.5

7 Concrete pump 80-83 60.0 63.0 54.0 57.0 49.5 52.5 43.5 46.5 37.5 40.5

8 Concrete compactor 85 65.0 59.0 54.5 48.5 42.5

9 Generator 72-83 52.0 62.5 46.0 56.5 41.5 52.0 35.5 46.0 29.5 40.0

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (6-21h) 70 dBA

On the other hand, there are a number of sources causing noise so their combination will make the noise level higher in reality. The additional noise level is presented in the following table.

Table 31: Additional noise level with multiple sources of noise at a single position

Difference among noise levels (dB)

Additional noise (dB)



0 3.0 7 0.8

1 2.6 8 0.6

2 2.1 10 0.4

3 1.8 12 0.3

4 1.5 14 0.2

5 1.2 16 0.1

6 1

(Source: Le Trinh - Environmental impact assessment - Methodology and application - Science and Technics Publishing House)

According to the calculation results in Table 30, the noise level at a distance of 30m from the construction vehicles and equipment is within the permissible limits (<70dB). The noise is decreased by distance from the construction site. Among the above noise sources, the most noticeable is the noise of trucks transporting construction materials through residential areas.

Households live along both sides of the transportation routes (about 20m distanced) or live far from the construction site (> 20m). Therefore, the noise will mainly affect workers participating in the construction.

However, according to the calculation results, the noise level at the construction sites is LOW, generating in a short time and scattering over 2 communes under the subproject. Construction machinery and equipment will not work simultaneously but in shifts and phases depending on the progress and construction volume of items, of which each type of machine will be used differently, so the resonance impact is very low. Moreover, all vehicles and equipment will be checked periodically and noise will cease when construction is completed. Noise can be

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceminimized by measures such as labor protection equipment and noise protection devices.

3. Vibration

Vibration can be generated mainly from equipment operating with large capacity and often on site such as bulldozers, excavators, compactor, roller, etc. Vibration can directly affect the workers involved in operating the machines, the people living nearby and the infrastructure around the construction site. Vibration will affect people's daily life, business activities and other structures and even cause the cracks of houses. When the intensity is low and the impact happens in short time, this vibration has a good effect like increasing muscle strength, reducing fatigue. When the intensity is high and the effect is long, it can cause discomfort to the body. Vibration combined with noise makes the hearing organ too tired, affecting human health. Typical vibration levels of some construction equipment are shown in the table below.

Table 32: Vibration of some typical construction machinery and equipment

No Type of construction machinery and equipment Reference vibration (by vertical direction, dB)

1 Excavator 80

2 Bulldozer 79

3 Heavy transport vehicle 74

4 Roller 82

5 Compactor 81

Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Committee Vibration from construction equipment and construction machinery, NJID, 300.1, 31 – 12 – 197

To forecast the amount of vibration decreasing by distance, forecasting results are presented in following table.

Table 33: Vibration decrease by distance

No. Equipment

Source vibration (r0=10m)

Vibration at distance

r=12m r=14m r=16m r=18m

Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)Laeq

(dB)Lveq

(mm/s)

1 Excavator 80 1.72 70.5 0.58 61.1 0.20 51.9 0.07 42.6 0.02

2 Bulldozer 79 1.53 69.5 0.51 60.1 0.17 50.9 0.06 41.6 0.02

3

Heavy transport vehicle 74 0.86 64.5 0.29 55.1 0.10 45.9 0.03 36.6 0.01

4 Roller 82 2.17 72.5 0.73 63.1 0.25 53.9 0.08 44.6 0.03

5 Compactor 81 1.93 71.5 0.65 62.1 0.22 52.9 0.08 43.6 0.03

QCVN27:2010/BTNMT, permissible limit 75dB from 6 21h and baseline level from 21h6h.

DIN 4150, 1970 (German), 2mm/s: No impact; 5mm/s: flaking; 10mm/s: potential impact on structural bearing component; 20 40mm/s: affecting structural bearing component.

According to the calculation results in Table 32, the vibration caused by construction machinery and equipment at a distance of 12m is within the permissible limits of QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT (<75dB) and will decrease by distance from the source. This vibration impact will mainly affect construction workers at the site. However, vibration impact should be

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceconsidered at construction sites near residential areas, intersections at the route ends for instance, and near construction sites of culverts across the road.

Therefore, the direct impact due to vibration is assessed to be LOW because the equipment will only operate intermittently and the impact only happens at the construction site where workers can work if shifts and can be protected by labor protective equipment. Vibration impact can be minimized through the application of appropriate construction methods and construction plans.

3.4.1.2. Impact on water quality

1. Domestic wastewater generated from workers’ camp

At the construction site, there are about 30 workers involved in the construction. The highest number of workers is in the first stage of the subproject and will reduce gradually when it is completed. With the water use norm of 45 liters/person/day (According to TCXDVN 33-2006), the wastewater volume is 100% of the standard of water use (the construction process, 2 shifts - 8 hours/day). The total volume of domestic wastewater used and discharged during the construction phase is presented in the following table:

Table 34: Domestic wastewater generated in the construction phase

Items No.of workers Water norm (l)

Volume of wastewater (m3)

Each day Each month

NH2 section Km 284+600-Km 285+995 30 45 x 2 2.70 81.0

Domestic wastewater from construction workers is the main cause affecting the water quality in the surrounding area of not being treated. Domestic wastewater contains many residues, easily degradable organic matter, nutrients and pathogenic bacteria, which can pollute surface and ground water sources if there is not prompt treatment. At the same time, if domestic wastewater is not collected, there is a potential risk of epidemics (gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin diseases) affecting workers and nearby people.

Based on the volume of pollutants presented in the Report on the current status of urban wastewater - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - Hanoi University of Science and Technology in 2006, the amount of pollutants daily discharged by each person into the environment is given in the following table:

Table 35: Volume of pollutants generated by each person per day

No Pollutants Volume (g/person/day)

1 BOD5 45 - 54

2 Total suspended solids 70 - 145

3 Oil, grease 10 - 30

4 NO3- (by N) 6 - 12

5 PO43- (by P) 0,8 - 4,0

6 Coliform 106- 109 MPN/100ml

Source: Report on the current status of urban wastewater - Institute of Environmental Science and Technology - HUT, 2006

Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater is calculated by the practical formula. Calculation results are presented in following table.

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Table 36: Concentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater

No. PollutantConcentration of pollutants in untreated domestic wastewater

(mg/l)

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column B)

1 BOD5 582 50

2 TSS 1265 100

3 Oil, grease 235 20

4 NO3- (by N) 106 50

5 PO43- (by P) 28 10

6 Coliform 100x106 - 60x109 MPN/100ml 5000 MPN/100ml

The calculation results in the above table show that, concentration of pollutants in the untreated domestic wastewater are much higher than permissible limits in the QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT (column B). Wastewater of this type usually contains total suspended solids (TSS), organic substances (BOD5, COD), nitrogen and phosphorus-containing substances as well as microorganisms that need to be controlled and treated before being discharged. This is a significant source of pollution which without proper treatment can directly affect the living environment of workers and people around the subproject area, causing epidemics and directly affecting the groundwater and surface water. Surface water of Lo river section running through the construction area and the downstream will be deteriorated if the domestic wastewater from worker camps is not controlled.

However, the direct impact due to domestic wastewater is considered to be LOW because: (i) the volume of domestic wastewater generated at each camp is not large, and the Contractor also employs local labor or rent houses so the wastewater volume generated is lower than the calculation; (ii) the impact is localized, only in each worker camp area; (iii) The wastewater volume is generated intermittently during the day; (iv) Construction period is short. The impacts due to domestic wastewater can be minimized by taking appropriate management and technical measures.

2. Construction wastewater

- Construction wastewater is generated mainly: (i) concrete mixing for construction of roads and bridges, culvert and underground tunnel; (ii) washing materials and construction equipment:

- Concrete mixing at the construction site uses 02 concrete mixers with a respective capacity of about 60m3/h. According to the Special Concrete and Concrete Technology of Pham Duy Huu, Construction Publishing House 2009, the water volume to be used in the concrete mixing process for a batch of concrete with a capacity of 60m3, will be 19.38m3 for washing aggregates and 10.8m3 for concrete mixing. Of which, 80% of the water volume for aggregate washing will be recycled and reused. Thus, the wastewater of the concrete mixing process with a capacity of 60m3/h generated is 20% x 19.38 x 2 = 3.88 (m3/h).

- Demand for concrete supply of both mixers a day is about 280 m3, so the total volume of wastewater generated from concrete mixing a day is 15.5 (m3/day).

- The wastewater volume used to wash construction equipment is estimated at 0.5 m3/day

Thus, the maximum volume of wastewater of subproject per day is 16.0 m3/day. Construction wastewater usually contains high content of pH (usually pH>12), high content of total

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincesuspended solids and non-hazardous substances. If this construction wastewater is not treated, it will cause sedimentation, affecting the receiving water bodies. In fact, this wastewater will be reused to moisten materials or watering the excavated areas on the site. At the same time, the amount of wastewater generated at each site is small, the construction period is short (about 3-6 months), the impact is considered partially at the construction site. Moreover, the frequency of wastewater generated from concrete mixing takes place intermittently. Therefore, the direct impacts caused by construction wastewater are assessed as low and can be mitigate

3. Stormwater runoff

Stormwater is considered to be clean if it is not in contact with polluted sources such as: polluted wastewater, gas, soil/sludge, etc. The main sensitive receptors of this impact are the water bodies in catchment areas of the rainwater runoffs from the construction site. Pollutants in the rainwater runoff during the construction phase are mainly soil, rock, oil, grease and domestic waste that are swept away by rainwater and become a source of pollution to the surface water, soil and groundwater. The amount of rain water runoff on the subproject area is determined by the practical formula and the caculated results following:

Table 37: Rain intensity calculated in the subroject area

Repeat cycle of calculated rain, P (year) 1 2 5 10 25

Rain intensity, q (l/s.ha) 268.46 312.91 371.66 416.11 474.87

Table 38: Stormwater overflow through the construction site (Unit: m3/s)

Works itemsRain frequent, P (year)

P = 1 P = 2 P = 5 P = 10 P = 25

NH2 Km 284+600-Km 285+995 0.044 0.051 0.064 0.078 0.096

According to the WHO’s research, the concentration of pollutants in normal rainwater runoff is about 0.5 - 1.5 mg N/l; 0.004 -0.03 mg P/l; 10 - 20 mg COD/l and 10 - 20 mg TSS/l. The receiving sources of rainwater runoff is Lo river. Rainwater runoff from the construction site can sweep away loose materials and soil, minerals on the surface, leaking grease etc., increasing the content of suspended solids, substances, organic matter, increasing turbidity, oil and grease in water, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems of water sources. Without drains, rainwater runoff can affect construction items such as damaging or destroying works in progress, etc. This impact is mainly on rainy season from June to September. However, this direct impact is assessed to be low because

- The construction site is regularly cleaned by the workers, thus limiting material and loose soil and stones being swept away by rainwater runoff.

- At each construction site, there is a rainwater drainage system.- Construction activities take place mainly in the dry season and short-term.

The impacts due to rainwater runoff can be minimized by appropriate technical and managerial measures, and no indirect adverse impact is anticipated.

3.4.1.3. Impacts due to solid waste

1. Construction solid waste

Solid waste can be generated during construction from: earthwork, leveling; transportation of excess raw materials and solid waste; construction activities; maintenance of construction vehicles, equipment... Solid wastes include: excavated and spilled soil, rock and sand. In

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceaddition, there can be iron debris and steel scrap; cement bags; broken wood, debris, etc.

Table 39: Volume of solid waste generated from construction phase

No. Works itemsVolume (tons)

Materials Small depreciation (0.005%) Large depreciation (0.01%)

1. NH2 section Km 284+600-Km 285+995 215,752 10.79 21.58

Note: The level of loss of raw materials in accordance with the norms of construction materials is attached to Official Letter No. 1784/BXD-VP of August 16, 2007 and Official Letter

1776/BXD-VP dated August 16, 2007by MOC

However, these wastes, if not well controlled, can hinder construction work and increase the amount of dust in air and around the construction site area, affecting workers and people in the beginning segment (Km 284+600 - Km 284+900).

In addition, after the construction process, some types of solid waste such as rubble, scrap steel, cement bags, etc. can also be generated. However, this is reusable solid waste and can be salvaged for reuse or sold to units in need so there is low risk of discharging these types of solid wastes into the environment.

This direct impact is assessed at a low because: (i) The volume of waste generated is not large and only at the construction site; (ii) Construction period is short; (iii) solid waste will be collected and transported daily to two disposal sites of the subproject. At the same time, this impact can be mitigated through the measures set out in ESCOPs.

2. Domestic solid waste

Solid wastes are generated from daily activities of construction workers in the camps. The main components of domestic solid waste include decomposable organic substances and persistent inorganic substances such as nylon bags, bottles, old personal items. The average amount of domestic solid waste is about 0.5 kg/person/day (Vietnam National Environment Report 2011 - Solid waste), with the number of 30 workers concentrating in the subproject area, daily life solid waste is estimated to generate about 15kg, with construction time of about 24 months, total amount of domestic solid waste is estimated at 10.8 tons. If domestic solid waste is not properly collected and treated,

- It can obstruct the flow during the construction, facilitating flooding and congestion of Lo river at the site.

- It can obstruct traffic when transporting construction materials to the construction site and construction activities of workers

- Domestic solid waste containing organic ingredients, containing pathogens, so if there is no proper plan for collection, transportation and treatment, it can create great risks to the water and air environment and can directly affect the health of people and construction workers.

However, the direct impact of domestic waste is considered as “MINOR” and can be mitigated because: (i) The amount of waste generated on each site is low and is collected daily by workers; (ii) the impact is localized at construction sites; (iii) the contractor will employ local labor to limit the amount of domestic waste generated; (iv) worker camps will be located far away from residential areas.

3. Hazardous solid wastes

Sources of hazardous waste generated from the construction of the subproject’s items include:

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province(i) Oil contaminated materials from the maintenance of construction machines; (ii) wasted asphalt, and asphalt container; (iii) bags, tanks containing oil and paint; (iv) excessive welding rods; (v) Batteries, light bulbs, cartridges from office at the construction site. The volume of hazardous waste depends on the number of equipment/machinery, labor and volume of materials:

- If the maintenance of means, vehicles, construction machines is carried out at the construction site, it will generate oil, oil bottles and oil contaminated rags, etc. (estimated at 10-15kg/month). If not collected and treated, it will affect the landscape, polluting the surface and underground water in the subproject area. Therefore, measures should be taken to collect and treat hazardous waste in accordance with regulations (Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT and Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP on waste management) and to minimize negative impact on local environment. Besides, all equipment and construction must be repaired in the repairing center.

- Asphalt is a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid. It is a petrochemical product, its main ingredient is bitumen, so it can cause danger or adversely affect the environment and people health if not being stored and used in accordance with technical procedures. In particular, if solid asphalt which is regularly stored at high temperatures can pose the risk of fire, explosion or burns in the course of transportation and use. Waste asphalt must be collected and stored in dedicated hazardous waste bins, then the Subproject Owner will hire a specialized unit for transportation and treatment in compliance with the hazardous waste management regulations. Estimated volume of asphalt disposed is of about 10-15kg/month.

- The volume of bags, tanks containing oil, fuel and paint are not large (about 10 - 20kg/month). However, unless being collected, it will cause a loss of beautiful landscape and a potential risk of soil and water pollution.

- Hazardous waste generated, with a small volume, from office activities with about 1-3kg/month.

Hazardous waste, if not collected, will cause impacts:- Penetration of oil and grease into the water will directly affects aquatic species in Lo

river, that curb the growth, or even cause death of aquatic plants and animals.- The heavy metal elements will therefore penetrate into the food and badly affect people

health.

However, the volume of hazardous waste generated on each site is low, localized and only occurs during the construction phase. Hazardous waste will be collected, managed and disposed in accordance with the regulations on hazardous waste collection and management. This direct impact is assessed to be LOW and can be mitigated through appropriate management and treatment measures.

3.4.1.4. Impacts on social aspects, women and children

Social impacts

Social impacts are mainly generated from the labor influx for construction activities. About 30 workers will be gathered on the site. This impact affects people living around the subproject area and local infrastructure. Social impacts include (but are not limited to):

- (i) Conflicts between construction workers and local communities due to differences in habits, customs, culture, lifestyle, employment and income.

- (ii) Conflicts between local residents and the Contractors when wastes generated from construction activities such as dust, solid wastes, hazardous wastes, wasted rock and soil cause adverse impacts on crops, rice and vegetables, or erosion and landslides that

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bury trees along the road.- (iii) Wastewater from worker camps discharged into the environment may also lead to

conflicts with the local community. Besides, the conflicts can arise from workers’ use of local resources such as clean water, food and foodstuffs that cause price increase.

- (iv) Labor influx can cause social disorders and pose social problems such as gambling, drug, prostitution. In case of construction camp, it can bring workers into conflict with local people because uncollected and treated wastewater and wastes will cause negative impacts on local community such as malodor, environmetnal landscape and health, etc. The labor influx also increases the risk of Gender based violencee (GBV) and sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA).

- (v) Use of local labor for simple jobs will pose the potentially risk of children involvement, affecting children’s education, psychology, health and development, causing conflicts with local residents.

- (vi) Impacts on existing infrastructure and related services: Transportation of materials and construction wastes (use 10-15 ton truck) will

pose the risk of deterioration of roads and area surrounding the subproject area. Activities of crane, excavators may break down existing power lines running

along NH2 at sections passing residential areas.- (vii) Traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks: Construction vehicles and

machinery used will increase the traffic density on NH2, contributing to the disturbance and increasing risk of accidents traffic, traffic jams.

However, the social impact is direct and assessed to be “low” as: (i) the number of workers is not large and distributed in three areas along the route; (ii) Local labor will prioritized to used for construction activities. At the same time measures to control the age of hired workers must be taken; (iii) The impacts are mainly occurred in the stages of construction phase and within a short period; (v) the traffic density and frequency in the subproject area are low at the beginning segment Km 284+600 - Km 284+900. Therefore, social impacts can be controlled by mitigation measures taken in the subproject construction phase.

Impacts on women

The concentration of 30 workers at construction site with about 75% men and 25% women may cause social disturbance, affecting women directly work on the construction site or those living surrounding the subproject area and their families in the course of construction. For the previous similar works, unmarried women may be disadvantaged in getting married or they may become single mom. Meanwhile, married women can be affected with the happiness of their families. In addition, they may be infectious to communicable diseases, social diseases such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis, etc. (that may affect the next generation). This impact only takes place during construction of works items (12 months). However, the impacts on women are assessed as minor because: (i) According to the socio-economic survey results, no negative impacts related to women were recorded. At the construction sites: (ii) The number of women workers is not large as local workers are prioritized by the Contractor; (iii) Information about social diseases and prevention methods will be provided to workers through training programs and information disclosure; (iv) Regulations, penalties for the violated workers at the site must be developed; (v) The contractor must be closely work with local authorities to manage the number of workers at the construction site.

Use of child labor and forced labor

To reduce construction costs, child labors can be used for some jobs that do not require high qualifications (according to Vietnam’s regulations, child is under 15 years old). Due to limited

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceknowledge, children can suffer from labor abuse that affects their psychology, health and ability to learn. However, the impact is assessed to be MINOR as: (i) The experience with the Bank-financed and state budget subprojects show no cases of child labor or forced labor; (ii) According to the socio-economic survey results, no case of child labor or forced labor use was recorded; (iii) The Contractor committed not to hiring child labor for the subproject-related jobs; (iv) The subproject Owner will coordinate with local authorities and related units to strictly control the Contractor's labor use; (v) Commitment not to use child labor is one of the required conditions in the bidding documents.

3.4.1.5. Risks during the construction phase

1. Risks of traffic accident

High density of vehicles involved in transportation, unsecured vehicles or drivers who do not comply with traffic rules such as overloading, speeding, etc. can all lead to traffic accidents. During the construction phase of the subproject, the volume of vehicles involved in transporting raw materials has a lot of potential for traffic accidents. Therefore, it is essential to regularly check vehicles and shipping volumes to minimize accidents on roads. Besides, the investor/contractor should regularly propagate and enhance workers’ awareness of obeying traffic laws to minimize risks and accidents when driving vehicles.

If risks or incidents occur, the drivers’ lives will be affected, causing economic losses and affecting the progress of the Subproject. The level of risk is assessed to be low and can be mitigated through the measures proposed in ESCOP.

2. Risks of fire, explosion and fuel leakage

Fires and explosions can occur in situations such as: (i) fuel transportation and stores; (ii) temporary power supply systems or unsafe use of generators can cause electrical problems leading to fire; (iii) fire and explosion generated from welding and asphalt burning activities; (iv) gas leaks during cooking from worker camps; (v) the process of operating machines, welding and gasoline and diesel vehicles without complying with regulations on fire control. If a fire or explosion occurs, serious damages can be caused on

- Workers and local people’s life;- Impact on the natural environment (air, soil, biological resources, etc.);- Impact on the psychology, causing confusion with people and local communities;- Impacts on living condition economic and social aspects in the surrounding area;- Damages on the subproject’s works and adjacent infrastructure.

Fire and exploitation can be occured any time during construction period of the subproject. The impacts are assessed to be Moderate because the fire and exploision of fuel can: (i) affect workers and surrounding local people; (ii) affect water quality and construction schedule; (iii) Damage materials; (iv) Affect natural environmental and physical environment. The risks can be preventive and limited through mitigation measures. So that, a specific plan for emergency response to fire and explosion incidents at the construction site must be developed by the Contractor and the subproject Owner. At the same time, the contractor will carry out the fire prevention and fighting measures and strictly follow regulations on prevention of leakage, fire and explosion. Fire prevention will be regularly performed by the Contractor to minimize the incidents and negative impacts.

3. Short-circuit and electric shock

Electric shocks can occur as: (i) construction means can break existing power lines at the construction site; (ii) temporary power supply system for machines and equipment during

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceconstruction cause short-circuit, electric shock, etc.; (iii) the process of unsafe use of generators. If the incidents affect the health or life of workers and people in the subproject area, causing damage to property, affecting the psychology of people in the area, The subproject Owner and the Contractor are required to develop a specific plan for emergency response of short-circuit and electric shock at the site. The contractor will regularly inspect electrical and wiring systems, provide trainings for workers on occupational safety and fire prevention to minimize the possibility of incidents and reduce negative impacts.

4. Safety and health risks

Risks on community safety and health

The demolition process may generate risks accident risks for local people as well as for the workers.

Labor accident, fire, explosion, short circuit and electric shock posed by the construction activities will also affect the safety of the community.

Inadequate lighting and fencing of construction sites inside of settlement areas can be dangerous for pedestrians and vehicles especially during the night time. Increasing of traffic due to trucks and vehicles movements to construction sites may cause inconvenience for local population as well. In addition, some construction/rehabilitation activities will cause temporary blockage of household access. Untimely and inefficient disposal of solid and domestic waste and improper sanitary conditions generated by the construction workers at construction sites and labor camps may cause pollution of the surrounding environment. This creates conditions for development of flies and mosquitoes and possible outbreaks of diseases such as diarrhea, dengue fever, etc. affecting the health of the local community. Moreover, a movement of heavy tracks may destroy or deteriorate conditions of roads inside settlements.

In the construction phase, the number of workers will be increase (there will be 100 workers at each site), the medical examination and health care of the community in the medical service unit will be more difficult in the case of an epidemics such as dengue, malaria, diarrhea, conjunctivitis

Concentration of workers can also lead to the increase in social evils such as prostitution, gambling, HIV/AIDS and other local sexually transmitted diseases.

The transporation of raw materials and wastes will contribute to increase traffic flow on existing roads, smoke, dust. Also, noise from construction activities will also pose health and safety risks to local people.

The impact level is assessed to be from minor to moderate as: (i) the impacts are localized in each construction area; (ii) construction period is not too long from 24 months; (iii) the number of workers is from 100 workers each site; moreover local labor will be priorized by the Contractor; (iv) workers will be train on labor safety, traffic safety, sanitation. Therefore, this impacts can be minimized through ESCOPs.

Risks to worker safety and health

Construction activities such as earthworks, leveling, loading and unloading of construction materials, operation of equipment (excavators, cranes, trucks, welding machines and concrete mixers), overhead construction, construction on water have potential risks of labor accidents, traffic accidents or the risks to workers' health unless there are appropriate control measures. In addition, the storage and use of fuels such as electricity, gas and petrol will pose risks such as electric shock, fire, explosion, gas leakage, etc. that will directly affect the health and safety of workers. Labor accident may occur during any stage of a subproject’s construction. Accidents in the construction phase include:

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- Workers carrying out jobs on rivers (construction of bridge, cuvert, drainage dicth) are prone to drowning due to carelessness or tiredness or failing to comply with regulations on labor safety during construction at the site;

- Health condition: Especially workers working outdoors under extreme hot weather (in summer, the temperature can reach 380C - 400C)

- Operation of machines and equipment used for unloading of materials, equipment, for excavation and transportation of materials;

- Landslides in deeply excavated areas, bridge abutments, culvert;

- Injury due to insect bites, broken glass during the course of site clearance;

- Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, storms, flash floods or too hot weather;

- Risk of infectious diseases, social diseases, sexually transmitted diseases

In general, the risk on the workers is charactirized by: (i) the impacts are localized within the construction site and scattered in the local areas; (ii) short construction period; (iii) workers are provided with protective equipment, reasonable construction time and training on traffic safety and labor safety activities on the construction site will be arranged; (iv) fuel is stored in the area near the camps and is regularly inspected to minimize the risk of fire and explosion; (v) Training on fire prevention and fighting; (vi) Communication on prevention of infectious and sexually transmitted diseases will be implemented. These impacts can be mitigated through appropriate measures such as training on labor safety, traffic safety before and during construction and providing adequate protective equipment for workers.

In addition, safety and health non-compliance may create a risk for construction workers. The Contractors will have to follow Occupation Safety and Health rules, which include among others strictly implementation established norms and procedure health and safety which depends on type on conducting works, usage of PPE, training activities and monitoring. In addition, all workers need to be introduced to working procedure with hazardous materials (such as asbestos materials, etc.). Contractors have to provide workers with appropriate living conditions: safe water supply, washing conditions, rooms for rest and etc. Given the nature and scale of the investment and construction activities the risk and adverse impact are assessed as direct and Moderate.

Risk of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

Delivering civil works subprojects requires the assembly of a workforce, together with suppliers and supporting functions and services, and may lead to congregations of a large number of people. The subproject may have a workforce from international, national, regional, and/or local labor markets and require workers to live in site accommodation, lodge within communities close to work sites, and/or return to their homes after works. There may be the regular coming and going of support services, such as catering, cleaning services, equipment, material and supply deliveries, and the interaction with specialist sub-contractors bought in to deliver elements of the works.

The potential for the spread of coronavirus infection by subprojects is high. In addition, subprojects may experience large numbers of the workforce becoming ill and will need to consider how they will receive treatment, and whether this will impact on local healthcare services, particularly when subprojects are in remote places where local healthcare facilities could be easily overwhelmed. The presence of international workers, especially if they come from countries with high infection rates, may also cause social tension between the foreign workers and local populations. Although the coronavirus outbreak in the country is under

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincecontrol, strict compliance with the government regulation in coronavirus prevention and control must be followed by the PMU3 and contractor.

5. Risk of local flooding

The earthwork, leveling activites obstruct the water drainage. At the same time, rain in the construction area may cause local flooding areas on the site. If the temporary drainage on the site is not arranged, local flooding will affect workers, surrounding people and the construction works. The prolonged local flooding will: (i) affect living conditions, production activities and travel of people and workers; (ii) lose beautiful landscape, cause poor environmental sanitation, and pose potential sources of communicable diseases; (iii) Casue damage to works under construction. The risk of local flooding usually occurs in the rainy season (from June to September). The risk of local inundation is assessed at LOW because: (i) the subproject area has a steep slope; (ii) wide river and stream system is capable of rapid drainage, particularly with Lo river on the right of the road side; (iii) moreover, the risk of local inundation can be minimized by technical measures.

6. Environmental risks from extreme weather

Extreme weather events will cause great socio-economic and environmental damages and safety risks in case of rain, flood, landslides or local inundation during the construction.

Weather patterns cause rain and flood: Due to storms and influences of tropical depressions appearing on the axis of the intertropical convergence zone (combined with cold air), causing heavy rain in a very short time.

Rain causes floods: Rainfall remarkably fluctuates in a long period of time (from 4 to 10 days). In extreme cases having upstream floods and local rains, the inundation level is so high, covering almost all areas in a long time.

However, the construction of works begins in the dry season, and when there is an incident of natural disasters or storms, construction works will be temporarily stopped in the subproject area. The Subproject Owner will coordinate with the construction unit to develop a responsive plan.

3.4.2. Specific impacts

1. Impact of roadbed expansion activities

The construction of the subproject road shall require the expansion of the road to the right; therefore, a small part of the existing hill/mountain area will be removed/cleared. Based on the geological investigation results, bucket excavators are expected to be used to widen the roadbed locations with below grade IV. For locations with stiffer rock grade, baking powder will be used to break the rocks (not use explosive to break rock) by drilling holes with a bore diameter for grouting is from 36 to 42 mm. The optimal diameter is 38mm.

Rock breaking is a common step in demolition of construction works or rocky mountains to widen roadbeds and create the site plan, especially in mountainous areas. The traditional methods of rock and concrete separating/breaking often use explosives, hydraulic hammers, drilling, sawing, cutting, etc., requiring large space, causing high noise and vibration, splinters and dust and harmful to the surrounding environment and people. It is expected to use baking powder to break the rock in the subproject road. This is considered as an effective measure to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional methods. The use of baking powder to break concrete/stone is becoming more and more popular to protect environment and labor safety. Besides being used for separating/breaking rock and concrete, baking powder is also used in excavation of ditches, tunnels, demolition of brick structures, etc.

Baking powder used in the subproject is dry powder. When being mixed with water,

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincehydration reaction will be occurred to create minerals with a size many times larger than the original material size (ettringite – increases by 2.3 times, portlandite - 1.98 times), etc. To separate/break rock and concrete with baking powder, holes are drilled into the rock or concrete, then pouring liquid powder into these holes. After a certain period of time (<24h), at the bore holes, the powder, after being hydrated, will create significantly high pressure, exceeding the tensile strength of rock and concrete, causing cracking of rock and concrete without noise, splinters, dust, etc.

The basic chemical composition of baking powder used in rock and concrete separating is CaO, minerals and chemical additives:

Baking powder Composition and Percentage Grain size

US 4565579 A CaO 80-99; (Na2 SiF6 + CaF2 ) 1-20 -

US 4617059 A CaO 90-99.5;(P2 O5 + SiO2 + Al2 O3 +Fe2O3) 0.5-10

-

US 4354877 A CaO 30-90; XMPL 5-70; PG plasticizer 0.5-1 10-100 μm

US 4807530 A (CaO + SiO2 + Al2 O3 +Fe2O3 + MgO + CaSO4 ) 100 ≤ 10% passing sieve 0.3 mm

Use of most baking powder products for rock and concrete separating are as follows: (i) Prepare the construction site plan; (ii) Locate the locations where the holes need to be drilled to pour liquid powder in order to break, separate stone and concrete as desired; (iii) Drill holes at the designed diameter and depth; (iv) Mix water into the powder according to the prescribed ratio and pour liquid powder into the drilled hole; (v) A hydration reaction occurs; and stone, concrete are broken as designed, then use the excavator to level the ground.

Because of the application of this method, the environmental impacts and risks such as dust, noise, occupational accidents, etc., from rock breaking are assessed as Minor and controllable by compliance with the technical specifications before the rock breaking process.

2. Impacts on water quality of Lo River

This impact takes place at the construction area of Lo river during construction because runoff water can wash away pollutants in the area (construction materials, soil, sand, grease and waste, etc.) into Lo River, causing water pollution. This will contribute to increase in suspended substances in the water source, affecting the aquatic flora and fauna in the Lo River. However, there are no endemic animals and plants that need to be protected. However, no endemic animals and plants need to be protected. Besides, excavation, embankment and dredging activities will take place during the dry season when water flows in rivers and ditches are at lowest.

As mentioned above, Lo River has a total length of 450km. It originates from Yunnan province, China, flows into Vietnam through Thanh Thuy border gate in Vi Xuyen district and then follows the arc direction embracing the south side of the Chay River to Vinh Tuy, it runs in the NW-SE direction and then merges into the Chay River, with a length of 274 km, the average slope of the river bed is 1.97‰. The flow is quite large, but there is a relatively high variation between seasons of the year and from year to year. The maximum flow is about 1,170m3/s, the smallest is 128 m3/s. With the large flow of Lo River, the small waste generated from the subproject, the impacts only occur in a 12-month construction period and these impacts will be stopped in the operation phase. Therefore, the impacts are assessed from Minor to Moderate, temporary and mitigable.

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Images of the current status of Lo River

3. Impacts of soil erosion and landslides

In the construction process, landslides, subsidence and cracks can occur due to the following reasons:

- It may be due to errors in the construction process that do not comply with the specifications in the design drawings;

- Heavy rains that appear in the early rainy season (from June to September) can also cause landslides and erosion;

- In addition, landslide, subsidence, cracking of items can also be caused by the change of engineering geology in the subproject area, affecting the quality of the work.

Locations at risk of landslide, landslide and inundation: The left-hand sloping terrain is close to the rocky mountain range from Km 285 - Km 286, manholes, drainage culverts, etc., NH2 sections in Ha Giang province.

The landslides, subsidence, cracks to the subproject’s work will cause direct impacts at the construction site. The environmental impacts are as follows:

- The landslides will cause destroy the landscape and environment in the subproject area, obstructing the construction space and when the incident occurs under the rain, runoff water will wash this amount of soil down the streams which flow through the construction site, causing the increase of turbidity, detegration of surface water, direct impacts on aquatic systems (mainly plants and plankton) and direct impacts on the flow regime of Lo river on the right side of the subproject road.

- At the same time, when an incident occurs, it will also affect the construction quality and progress of the follow-up work-items due to the corrective actions. Besides, it also affects local people and their properties.

According to the typical geological investigation results, the engineering geology in the subproject area has quite high load-bearing strength, it can minimize cracks and landslide. In addition, the design always in accordance with the national technical regulations and standards. The impact is assessed to be high if it rains, otherwise it is considered to be LOW because: (i) construction activities usually take place in the dry season; (ii) the impact is local in a short-term period; (iii) there are no houses in the areas at risk of subsidence. It can be minimized by closely monitoring the construction methods.

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Images of subsidence and landslide happened in Ha Giang Province

4. Impacts on productive forest land

It is expected to acquire an area of 27,833 m2 of productive forest land, a part forest land of 6 households, mainly timber trees for production such as eucalyptus, acacia, etc. The remaining area of planted forest land within a radius of 50 - 100m will also be affected by construction activities, affecting photosynthesis and the growth of trees due to dust, exhausted gas, and workers’ non-compliance behaviors such as cutting down trees for firewood, etc. In general, this impact level is low because of: (i) short construction time on each road section (3 - 6 months), (ii) local and short-term impacts, the impact scope is mainly in the work area, (iii) clear environment, which facilitate the dust dispersion.

Images of productive forest land affected by the subproject

5. Interruption of business activities

Impacts on business households and establishments at Km 284+600 - Km 284+900

The implementation of subproject will affect business households/establishments (street restaurants, car repair shops, Dong Tung gas extraction, etc., and other services). In addition to safety risks, noise and dust from construction activities and construction equipment may interrupt the business of households (about 3-6 months of construction). However, this impact is assessed as minor because: (i) successive methods are applied, thus the business activities are localized (ii) impacts happen in a short period (3-6 months for each construction segment); (iii) when the subproject is put into operation, it contributes to the development of the households’ business. This impact can be mitigated through the Resettlement Plan prepared separately for the Subproject.

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Images of business households/units in the subproject area

6. Interruption of road traffic activities

The construction of the subproject work will affect road traffic on NH2 from Km284 + 600 to Km 286 + 000 (1.4km long). The disruption is mainly concentrated in the starting and ending points of the route. The pavement of proposed road is made of asphalt concrete with relatively consistent quality. According to the survey results of the entire route, the proposed road has low-level rutting, stable roadbed, flat road surface, 12m wide. This is the main road in the region with a relatively high density of vehicles participating in traffic (especially trucks, containers carrying goods go toward Thanh Thuy border gate). The survey results of traffic volume on the NH2 section, averagely, there are about 2,800 to 3,500 trips travelling on the route each day, of which the figure of heavy trucks accounts for about 50%.

Images of current status of NH2 section and vehicles transported in the subproject area

In the construction process, traffic control will be required. It is expected to divide the construction area into sections, each section is about 200m long, and road bed of 4m-wide. Accordingly, the remaining width of the roadbed will be 8m, enough for 2 motor lanes. The construction activities will obstruct the traffic on the route, causing congestion and potential accidents, especially at the invisible turning corner along the mountainside.

However, the appropriate construction measures, traffic controll and sucessive methods will be applied to minimize traffic congestion. The impact will end immediately after the subproject completion. In addition, as the subproject work is local people’s aspiration, it receives great support of all local people. Therefore, the direct impact is assessed to be Medium and can be mitigated by traffic management measures during construction.

7. Impacts on physical cultural resources

There are no tangible and intangible cultural heritages in the subproject’s affected area. The subproject implementation in the course of construction phase will require excavation of soil at various depths: excavation of roadbeds, drainage ditches and sewers. Chance-finds may

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceoccur when these activities are implementing. However, the posibility of detecting valuable things is low; Furthermore, the archaeological/cultural heritage discovery procedures for the case of chance finds are included in ESCOP. Therefore, there is no indirect impact on cultural heritage, and the direct impact is LOW.

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3.4.3. Site - specific impacts for the subproject area

Based on the general and specific impacts mentioned above, at each location on the route of the subproject area, there will be site-specific environmental and social impacts / risks as follows:

Table 39: Site-specific impacts and risks during construction phase

Section Photos taken at site visit Description Impact and risk

Km284+600-Km284+700:The starting point at km284 + 600 is

located at the entrance gate of Ha Giang city


- The starting point is in Dao Duc commune - Vi Xuyen district;- There are a few households / shops on the right side of the road, with sparse density; - The density of vehicles in traffic is quite high on the route; - There is high mountains with many mixed trees between trash trees and production forests (acacia, eucalyptus) on the left side of this road section.

- Dust, noise and vibration will affect the health of workers and local people;- Traffic obstruction and potential traffic accident for the community;- Risks of occupational accidents, snakes, insect bites;- Impact on business activities, trading of households.

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Km 284+700 – Km284+900Photo of affected works, structures at

the sound slope

the house which is partially affected by the upgrading and expanding of

NH 2, at the sound slope


- Dust, noise and vibration will affect the health of workers and local people;- Traffic obstruction and potential traffic accident for the community;- Risks of occupational accidents, snakes, insect bites;- Impact on business activities, trading of households.- Risk of landslide / subsidence

Km 284+900 – Km 284+950

Location of land and crops affected by the upgrading and expansion of



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NH2Location of land and crops affected by the upgrading and expansion of

NH2

Km 284+950 – Km285+000


NH2

Architectural structures partially affected during upgrading and

expansion of NH2


- Dust, noise and vibration will affect the health of workers and local people;- Traffic obstruction and potential traffic accident for the community;- Risks of occupational accidents, snakes, insect bites;- Impact on business activities, trading of households.Risk of landslide / subsidence - Water quality degradation of Lo river

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At Km285+000

Km 285+100 – Km 285+ 200 Architectural structures partially affected during upgrading and

expansion of NH2


expansion of NH2



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Km 285+200 – Km285+250


expansion of NH2


expansion of NH 2



Km 285+200 – Km286+000

Ending point of the section, at Km286+000

- at the side of the embanked slope, there is land for perennial crops, the side of the sound slope, there is no household; - The density of vehicles in traffic is quite high on the route;- On the right side of this section, there is Lo river, with no naviation activity at this section.

- Dust, noise and vibration will affect the workers' health.- Traffic obstruction and potential traffic accident;- Risks of occupational accidents, snakes, insect bites;- Risk of landslide / subsidence - Water quality degradation of Lo river

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3.5. IMPACTS AND RISKS IN THE OPERATION PHASE

This subproject is for construction and expansion of road, thus, the main impact during the operation phase is the positive impact on the people’s life and socio-economic condition of the province. In addition, economic development will lead to a number of negative impacts on the environment, but the level of pollution impacts on the environment in the region is not great. Pollution sources mainly arise from traffic activities of the people and risks from natural disasters (rain, storm, flood, landslide / subsidence ...). The main impacts are dust, emission gas, noise, construction waste, storm water runoff together with surface waste, traffic safety and security and order.

When being put into operation, the subproject works will not cause any impact on sensitive receptors, and do not have specific impacts, but in the operation phase, some general impacts should be considered as follows:

8. Dust and gas emission

Operation of the subproject will lead to an increase in the density of vehicles because the road will be improved, expanded, providing better goods circulation and tourism is better than before. This activity will cause impacts on the air environment including dust and emissions from vehicles participating in traffic. Therefore, the operation of vehicles on the road will generate dust and emissions, affecting the air environment in the area and the people living around it. The impact is long term during the operation of the works. However, the impact is assessed at “low” level and can be mitigated because: (i) Air quality in the area is relatively well ventilated and there is no sign of pollution; (ii) the subproject area has a lot of green trees and ventilation; (iii) Raising people's awareness in restricting the use of fossil fuels (gasoline, oil ...); (iv) The operator regularly watering, cleaning the roads periodically; (v) Arranging traffic signs suitable to the topography and characteristics of each area.

9. Noise and vibration impacts

The source of noise is mainly from vehicles on the road, affecting households who are lilving scattered along the roads. Operation of these vehicles will inevitably generate noise on the road, contributing to affecting the living environment of the surrounding residential areas.

Table 40: Noise level of motor vehicle

No Type of vehicle Noise (dBA)

1 Car 77

2 Minibus 84

3 4-stroke motorcycle 70

4 2-stroke motorcycle 73

Noise levels of vehicles on newly formed roads to the surrounding environment at distances of 50m, 100m and 200m are shown in Table 2 below:

Table 41: Maximum noise level according to the distance from the vehicles

No Type of vehicleNoice level by distance from the source (dBA)

10m 20m 50m 100m 200m

1 Car 60.5 54.5 46.5 40.5 34.5

2 Minibus 67.5 61.5 53.5 47.5 41.5

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3 4-stroke motorcycle 53.5 47.5 39.5 33.5 27.5

4 2-stroke motorcycle 56.5 50.5 42.5 36.5 30.5

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (6am-9pm) 70 dBA

The calculation results show that at the location 20m or more away from the source, the noise level is within the allowable limits of QCVN 26: 2010 / BTNMT (in the period from 6:00 to 21:00). Therefore, the impact of noise on the surrounding people is assessed to be low.

10. Risk and incident during operation phase

Traffic safety during operation of the roads

Traffic safety is the main impacts during the subproject operation. In the early years when the transportation of people by rudimentary vehicles (bicycles, cargo vehicles) will be mixed with the operation of motor vehicles (cars, motorcycles, trucks ...) and the traffic accidents can increase. From experience, it can be seen that this situation can be managed by improving people's knowledge of regulation on the use of roads as well as monitoring and enforcement of speed and human behavior. In the long term, when traffic is high, dust, emissions, noise and vibration emissions may be an issue but can be mitigated by long-term plan.

Land slide and subsidence

During operation, there may be incidents: (i) road landslide and subsidence. The incident of damaged roads, infrastructure, affecting the lives and property of the surrounding people and people in traffic. Causes of incidents: (i) caused by natural disasters, prolonged floods, heavy rain; (ii) the construction process does not ensure the quality, required techniques and materials; (iii) overloaded vehicles on the routes; (iv) due to infrequent operation and maintenance. Specific technical measures need to be studied and supplemented in the next phases and consultation with local communities is required. Design should be done to prevent threats to the community from using the works.

3.6. CUMULATIVE IMPACT

This section discusses the cumulative impact of the subproject. In this regard, cumulative effects under consideration are defined as two or more individuals that influence each other, when considered together, to be significant either compound or increase other environmental impacts. Cumulative impacts from a number of subprojects are the result of increased impacts of a proposed subproject when added to reasonably foreseeable future subprojects. Impacts that do not result in a part from the subproject will not be discussed.

In this ESMP, whether subproject construction and operation can contribute to the cumulative impacts on Valuable Social and Environmental Components (VEC) to present or future developments. Other in or near the subproject area may also have adverse effects.

The sub-subproject is built outside of Ha Giang city, moreover, the subproject area is hilly area and is not implementing any other projects. Therefore, the cumulative impacts from the subproject will not be considered in this ESMP.

3.7. INDUCED IMPACT

Induced impacts can be due to subproject actions and activities that may occur if the assessed action is performed such as growth effects and other impacts related to tissue changes. Future land use pattern or road network, additional population density or growth rate.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceHowever, at the widened and upgraded NH2 section, there will be almost no such impact due to the current situation that the two sides of the route on one side are Lo river and high hills and compliance with road traffic planning, so there will be no forming residential areas along the route in the future.

In addition, after widening the NH2 route from Km 284 + 500 to Km 286 + 000, it will help better traffic, facilitate the development of transport and tourism services. This induced impact is small and not controllable due to being oriented according to the general development plan of Ha Giang province until 2030.

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CHAPTER 4. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

With the potential impacts and risks identified and assessed in Chapter 3, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared for the subproject of upgrading and expanding NH2, section at Km 284+600-Km 285+995 in Ha Giang province. The environmental and social management program will identify the actions to be taken in the subproject including the environmental monitoring program and the implementation arrangements, taking into account compliance with the regulations in the environmental impact assessment of the World Bank (WB) and the Government of Vietnam. This ESMP includes the following main contents:

- The measures to minimize the potential environmental impacts to be incorporated into the Feasibility Study and Detailed Design, and the mitigation measures to address the adverse impacts during pre-construction, construction, and operation phases together with implementation responsibilities;

- Environmental Monitoring Program;

- The subproject Compliance Framework, including environmental and social supervision arrangements, fines applicable to non-compliance;

- Capacity building programs;

- Cost estimation; and

- Grievance Redress mechanism.

4.1. IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1.1. Measures Incorporated into Detailed Design

The following measures were considered during the preparation of the feasibility study and will be integrated in the detailed technical designs to mitigate the potential socio-environmental impacts and traffic safety risks and enhance environmental outcome during operation phase:

- Minimize site clearance requirements.

- Select suitable construction method

- Protect slopes with grass vegetation cover

- Install crossing and longitudinal drains to ensure the stability of the subproject's new roads and to avoid localized flooding risks/landslides along the expanded NH2

4.1.2. Mitigation measures during the pre-construction process

4.1.2.1. Measures to minimize the impacts and risks caused by mines and unexploded ordnance

Unexploded bombs and mines will be searched for removal immediately after completing site clearance and compensation and before leveling. This needs to be done prior to construction. The subproject owner will contract with a competent military authority to conduct the safe clearance and destruction of bombs and mines (at a depth of at least 5.0m from the ground) if it is found at construction site of the subproject.

Clearance plan for mines and unexploded ordnance should be announced and widely

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincecommunicated to local people around the subproject area before starting UXO clearance. No construction will be allowed prior to the completion of UXO clearance and the handover of the site to PMU3.

4.1.2.2. Mitigation measures for land acquisition and resettlement

During subproject preparation, resettlement consultants, technical consultants and PMU3 worked together to review technical requirements and construction methods to minimize resettlement in the principle of (i ) mitigating the impact of land acquisition for households in the subproject area; and (ii) prioritizing the construction option requiring the smallest land acquisition area. During the subproject implementation, a Resettlement Plan (RP) will be prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Subproject's Resettlement Policy Framework and regulations of the Government of Vietnam. The RP will include specific mitigation measures to address impacts of acquisition and resettlement.

Compensation and assistance for affected households will be based on the following main principles:

- All affected people whose assets are in or residing within the subproject land area before the cut-off date will be compensated for the damage. Those with lost income and / or livelihood will be assisted in livelihood restoration based on the eligibility criteria determined by the subproject in consultation with people affected by the subproject. If by the end of the subproject, it is determined that the livelihood is restored as before the subproject level, additional measures will be provided.

- Cost of agricultural land: Compensation and support for agricultural land will be made according to the price list issued by the People's Committee of Ha Giang province.

- The cost for construction of house: The price of houses and other structures is determined according to the market price of construction materials at the time of determining the cost of compensation to build replacement houses with the same quality as the old house or repaired works.

- Compensation cost for trees and crops: Compensation price is in accordance with regulations of Ha Giang Provincial People's Committee.

The cost estimate for implementation of RP for the prioritized subproject is VND 15,044,570,196, equivalent to USD 654,112, as detailed in the following table.

Table 42: Estimated cost of compensation and support of the subproject

No. ItemsIn cash: exchange rate USD 1

= VND 23,000

VNĐ USD

I Compensation for land 6,457,262,000 282,594

II Compensation for trees and crops 11,574,000 507

III Compensation for structure 2,504,924,840 108,910

IV Compensation for public works 1,147,100,000 49,874

V Compensation for public land 726,147,000 31,572

VI Assistance 2,561,700,000 111,378

1 Support for vocational training and job change 2,358,350,000 102,537

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No. ItemsIn cash: exchange rate USD 1

= VND 23,000

VNĐ USD

2 Support for handing over the site soon 34,870,000 1,516

3 Support for vulnerable groups 168,480,000 7,325

VI Total of I,II,III,IV,V,VI 13,408,707,840 582,987

VII Cost for implementation of compensation and support (2%) 268,174,157 11,660

VIII Contingency (10%) 1,367,688,200 59,465

Total cost for compensation and support (VNĐ)

15,044,570,196 654,112

The budget for RAP implementation will be extracted from the counterpart fund of Ha Giang province. Ha Giang Provincial People's Committee will provide counterpart funds for the implementation of compensation and resettlement; The People's Committee of Ha Giang city will allocate the fund for the land acquisition, support and resettlement of the subproject through the Land Fund Development Center or (Site Clearance Compensation Committee), these units will directly conduct payment for the subproject's affected households.

The table below presents the mitigation measures to address negative environmental and social impacts in the pre-construction period.

Table 43: Measures to minimize impacts and risks in the pre-construction process

Environmental and Social

Impacts / RisksMitigation measures

ResponsibilityImplement

ation Monitoring

Impacts on land acquisition and resettlement Implementation of the approved RP in

accordance with the regulations

Ha Giang PPC

PMU, Independent social - environmental monitoring consultant

Unexploded ordnance (UXO) and mines can affect the health and safety of workers, employees, and local residents

The subproject owner must contract with an authorized military authority to remove all UXO at a depth of five meters from the ground of the construction sites. The detailed plan for UXO removal needs to be disclosed and communicated to local residents and workers in the affected area promptly before starting UXO clearance.

PMU signs contract with military unit

Pmu

4.1.3. Measures to be implemented during construction phase

Typical general impacts to be minimized by the measures identified in the ESCOPs include: (i) dust, emission, noise, vibration; (ii) wastewater management; (iii) solid wastes and hazardous waste control; (iv) Surface water quality reduction; (v) Impacts on Biological; (vi) Impacts on urban landscape; (vii) risk of erosion and landslide; (viii) risk of flooding and

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincesedimentation; (ix) traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; (x) impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; (xi) Disturbance to businesses and daily activities of local people; (xii) Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; (xiii) Community Safety and Health; (xiv) risk to safety and health of workers and (xv) Management of storage site and quarry. In addition, some specific impacts or sensitive locations have also been identified.

Below are the mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phase of the subproject and presented by category:

General mitigation measures presented as ESCOPs (Environmental and Social Codes of Practice). ESCOPs will be applied to all bid packages by the contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant (or Engineer).

Mitigation measure applicable to specific types of activities to be carried out; and Site-specific mitigation measures to address site-specific potential impacts and risks

Bidding documents and construction contracts of each bid package will include the entire ESCOPs and specific mitigation measures by type of construction activity and location consistent with the work content in the bid package.

The contractors will be required to prepare Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SESMP) and submit to the Construction Supervision Consultant and the subproject Management Unit 3 (PMU3) for review and approval at least two weeks prior to construction commencement. The SESMP will be prepared to meet the mitigation requirements described in below.

4.1.3.1. Environmental and social Codes of Practice (ESCOPs)

The mitigation measures for common negative impacts during the construction phase are presented in Tables in the form of Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOP). ESCOP will be included in all bidding documents and construction contracts of all bid packages to request the contractors to implement. ESCOP compliance will be supervised by the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) in coordination with PMU.

ESCOP, together with relevant type-specific and site-specific mitigation measures will be included in the construction contract signed between the PMU3 and the Contractor. In addition, each contractor will be required to prepare Site-specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (SESMP) to cover all measures that the contractor will carry out to address potential impacts and risks associated with the works that they are contracted to implement.

1. Dust, emission, noise, vibration; 2. Wastewater management; 3. Solid wastes and Hazardous waste management; 4. Surface water quality reduction; 5. Impacts on Biological; 6. Impacts on urban landscape; 7. Risk of erosion and landslide; 8. Flooding and sedimentation; 9. Traffic disturbance and traffic safety risks; 10. Impact on the existing infrastructure and related services; 11. Social impact; 12. Impacts on cultural and historical resources and Chance find procedures; 13. Community Safety and Health; 14. Risk to safety and health of workers. 15. Management of material stores and pits

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16. Communication with local authorities.

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Table 44: Environmental and Social Codes of Practices (ESCOPs)

Environmental –social issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese regulation Responsibility Supervised

by1. Dust and exhaust

emissions- The Contractor is responsible for compliance

with relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to ambient air quality.

- The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of dust is minimized and is not perceived as a nuisance by local residents and shall implement a dust control plan to maintain a safe working environment and minimize disturbances for surrounding residential areas/dwellings.

- The Contractor shall implement dust suppression measures (e.g. use water spraying vehicles to water roads, covering of material stockpiles, etc.) as required.

- Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation to prevent the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust.

- Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and the location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and locations of sensitive receptors.

- Dust masks should be used where dust levels are excessive

- All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations controlling allowable emission limits of exhaust gases.

- Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and get certified named: “Certificate of conformity from inspection of

- TCVN 6438-2005: Road vehicles - Maximum permitted emission limits of exhaust gas

- Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT on inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection

- QCVN 05: 2013/MONRE: National technical regulation on ambient air quality;

- WB's EHS standard

- Contractor - PMU, CSC, IEMC

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byquality, technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT;

- There should strictly be no burning of solid wastes or construction materials (e.g. wood, rubber, oil-based rag, emptied cement bags, paper, plastic, bitumen, etc.) on site.

- Noise and vibration impacts

- The contractor is responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese legislation with respect to noise and vibration.

- All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid exceeding noise emission from poorly maintained machines.

- Measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels should be implemented, including: Selecting equipment with lower sound

power levels Installing silencers for fans Installing suitable mufflers on engine

exhausts and compressor components Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment

casing radiating noise Installing acoustic barriers without gaps and

with a continuous minimum surface density of 10 kg/m2 in order to minimize the transmission of sound through the barrier

Barriers should be located as close to the source or to the receptor location to be

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on noise

- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulation on vibration;

- WB's EHS standard


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byeffective

Installing vibration isolation for mechanical equipment

Limiting the hours of operation for specific pieces of equipment or operations, especially mobile sources operating through community areas

Re-locating noise sources to less sensitive areas to take advantage of distance and shielding

Siting permanent facilities away from community areas if possible

Taking advantage of the natural topography as a noise buffer during facility design

Reducing subproject traffic routing through community areas wherever possible

- Developing a mechanism to record and respond to complaints

2. Wastewater management

- The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese regulations on wastewater discharges into surroundings.

- Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on site for construction workers.

- Consider hiring local workers to reduce wastewater generation on site.

- Provide septic tanks for collecting and treating wastewater from toilets.

- Wastewater from kitchens, showers, sinks shall be discharged into a local sewerage system.

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater;

- QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial wastewater;

- WB's EHS standard


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by- Wastewater from washing vehicles and

construction equipment shall be collected into a settling pond before discharged into local drainage system.

- At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall be safely disposed of or effectively sealed off.

3. Solid waste management

- Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of bins, site clean-up schedule, bin clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by Contractors and it must be carefully followed during construction activities.

- Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses must be obtained.

- Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter and negligent behavior with regard to the disposal of all refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities.

- Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection and disposal through a licensed waste collector, for example, URENCO.

- Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof.

- No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur.

- Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site

- Decision No. 59/2007/ND-CP on solid waste management;

- Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP dated 24/04/2015 on waste and scrap management


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byholding, packaging material, etc. shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale.

- If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses.

4. Hazardous waste management

- Fuels and chemicals must be safely stored in areas with impermeable ground with roofs and surrounding banks, equipped with safety warning signs located at least 20m from the camps and at the end of prevailing winds;

- Collect, store, and transported for treatment all hazardous wastes (road asphalt, waste oil and grease, organic solvents, chemicals, oil paints, etc.) in accordance with Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on management of hazardous waste.

- Collect and temporarily store used oil and grease separately in specialized containers and place in safe and fire-free areas with impermeable floors roofs, at a safe distance from fire sources. Sign contracts with for oil and grease to be delivered to suppliers/ manufacturers

- Do not use unapproved toxic materials, including paint containing lead, asbestos, etc. .;

- The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances shall be performed and

- Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated 24/04/2015 on waste and scrap management

- Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on hazardous waste management


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bydisposed of by specially trained and certified workers.

- Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company.

- Do not perform any maintenance (change of oil and filter) of cars and equipment outside the designated area.

- Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by n approved specialized oil recycling company for disposal.

- Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to avoid any leakage or affecting workers.

- Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant.

- Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident

- Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labelling

- Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards

- Report all incidences of oil spills immediately and prevent any risks of oil spills

- Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor

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byshall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions.

- In the event that accidental leakage or spillage of diesel/chemicals/chemical wastes takes place, the following response procedures shall be followed immediately by the Contractor(s): The person who has identified the

leakage/spillage shall immediately check if anyone is injured and shall then inform the Contractor(s), Supervision Engineer and PMU3;

The Contractor(s) shall ensure any injured persons are treated and assess what has spilled/ leaked;

Should the accidents/ incidents generate serious environmental pollution (e.g. spillage / leakage of toxic or chemicals, large scale spillage / leakage, or spillage / leakage into the nearby water bodies, the Contractor shall immediately inform PMU3;

In such cases, the Contractor(s) shall take immediate action to stop the spillage / leakage and divert the spilled / leaked liquid to nearby non-sensitive areas;

The Contractor(s) shall arrange maintenance staff with appropriate protective clothing to clean up the chemicals/chemical waste. This may be achieved through soaking with sawdust (if the quantity of spillage/leakage is small), or sand bags (if the quantity is large);

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byand/or using a shovel to remove the topsoil (if the spillage/leakage occurs on bare ground); and

Depending on the nature and extent of the chemical spill, evacuation of the activity site may be necessary;

Spilled chemicals must not be flushed to local surface drainage systems. Instead, sawdust or sandbags used for clean-up and removed contaminated soil shall be disposed of by following the procedures for chemical waste handling and disposal already described;

- The Contractor(s) shall prepare a report on the incident detailing the accident, clean up actions taken, any pollution problems and suggested measures to prevent similar accidents from happening again in future. The incident report shall then be submitted to the Supervision Engineer and PMU3 for review and keep in the records. The incident report shall also be submitted to DONRE, if required.

5. Water pollution - The Contractors are responsible for controlling surface water quality when discharging it out of construction sites, in accordance with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT;

- Store used and unused oil and petrol on impermeable grounds covered with roofs, with warning (flammable and danger) signs, and contained within surrounding fences for easy control and collection in case of leakage. Locate oil and petrol storage areas at least 25m from any ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. Restrict

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on domestic wastewater;

- QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on surface water;

- QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT: National technical


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byaccessibility to these temporary storages to only authorized persons;

- Perform concrete mixing on impermeable ground only, at least 20m far from any water sources. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at sedimentation traps and drainage ditches regularly to limit number of solids entering receptors;

- Maintain vehicles and replace oil at designated workshops only. Do not perform these activities at sites;

- Collect and keep used/waste oil and materials polluted with oil/chemicals in containers, store in safe places (on impermeable grounds, roofed, fenced and with warning signs) for regular collection by licensed dealers;

- Carry out concrete mixing on impermeable grounds only. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at the sedimentation traps and drainage ditches regularly to limit number of solids entering receptors;

- Provide sedimentation pits and ditches at big construction sites;

- Provide appropriate toilets for the workers;- Avoid carrying out excavation and backfilling in

rainy weather;- Collect and transport materials and wastes

generated during excavation and backfilling materials to designated sites for reuse or final disposal as soon as possible;

- Collect and transport excavated soil out of

regulation on industrial wastewater;

- WB's EHS standard

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byconstruction sites within 24 hours. Dredged materials must be transported away from temporary disposal sites as soon as they are dry sufficiently;

- Maintain vehicles and equipment, including oil replacement or lubrication, at designated areas only. Ensure that no chemicals, petrol, oil, or grease are leaked into the soil, drains or water sources. Use trays to hold rags and materials used in maintenance. Collect and dispose wastes in accordance with hazardous waste management requirements.

6. Impacts on Biological

- The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Re-vegetation and Restoration Management Plan.

- Avoid disturbances and damage to the existing vegetation and green trees.

- Do not load materials and wastes at places having vegetation cover. Load them on barren land instead;

- If trees can be replanted somewhere, move them instead of cutting the trees down;

- If any invasive species are found during construction phase, burn them before disposed of to prevent them from regrowing at disposal site;

- Chemicals must not be used to clear vegetation;- Minimise the areas disturbed, especially in

locations having trees or vegetation; Determine areas to be undisturbed for protection during construction.

- Do not remove or damage the vegetation without direct instructions.

- Environment Protection Law 55/2014/QH13


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by- Do not hurt, trap, feed or harm any animal -

including birds, frogs, snakes, etc.- Do not cut trees outside the approved construction

area for any reason- Do not buy any wildlife for food;- Birds and animals must not be kept in cages in

camps- No collection of firewood.- Do not burn litter that damages vegetation.- Limit disturbances to areas with construction

operations, especially in locations covered with green trees or vegetation.

- Do not gather materials and wastes at places covered with vegetation or with green trees, but on vacant land instead.

- Trees cannot be cut down unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan.

- When needed, temporary protective fencing will be erected to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site.

- The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping, shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place.

7. Impacts on urban landscape and beauty

- Place the signboard “Sorry to disturb” at the construction sites located in popular areas;

- Keep the disturbed areas to be minimal; re-establish vegetation covers as soon as construction is completed;

- All facilities are maintained in neat and tidy conditions and the sites shall be kept free of litter;

- Law on environmental protection No. 55/2014/QH13

- TCVN 4447:1987 Construction regulation

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD on construction


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by- Fence the construction sites with solid materials if

the construction sites are exposed to sensitive sites or exposed to tourist areas;

- Do not load construction materials or wastes within 10 m from the gates of any public buildings or cultural structures such as government offices, temples, schools, etc.;

- Collect and transport excavated materials and construction wastes to the disposal sites within 24 hours;

- Clean up the construction sites daily if the sites are located in populated areas;

- Wash vehicles periodically to prevent dust dispersion onto roads.

safety

8. Sedimentation, erosion, flooding, subsidence

Management of Flooding Risks- Periodically and thoroughly remove soils, stones

and wastes from drainage sewers and ditches inside and around the construction site.

- Neatly gather materials and wastes so as to limit them being swept away by stormwater.

- Carry out ground levelling and rolling after discarding materials at disposal sites.

- Install supports to protect the walls where excavation is deeper than 2 m.

- Check the existing drains within and surrounding the construction sites, improve before levelling to ensure rainwater can be drained properly;

- Load construction material and wastes at least 10 m from any existing drainage ditches or water sources to minimise materials from entering the channels which may lead to sedimentation and

- TCVN 4447:1987: Earthwork – construction scope

- Circular No.22/2010/TT-BXD on construction safety

- QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT – National technical regulation on surface water quality;


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byblockage;

- Clean up the existing drains regularly.Sedimentation Control- Transport the waste out of the site within the

shortest time possible but this operation should not last more than 2 days;

- Install and maintain sedimentation traps within and/or surrounding centralised construction sites. Remove the soil, stone and waste periodically from the traps to maintain their functions;

- Gather the materials and waste neatly to limit the amount of materials being swept away by stormwater;

- Carry out levelling and rolling after waste disposal at the disposal sites in order to minimise erosion;

- Use Larsen sheet piles for protecting the walls/slopes when excavation is deeper than 2.5m. Reinforcing piles must be checked and maintained to ensure stability of excavated trenches and holes;

- Levelling the disturbed areas to prevent erosion;- Strictly avoid disturbance or damages to the

existing vegetation and trees.Measures to Control Subsidence- Limit disturbances to construction areas,

especially in locations currently with green trees or vegetation;

- Use Larsen sheet piles for building prop walls when excavation is performed to a depth of 2.5m and more;

- Reinforce weak slopes and protect them with sandbags when there are high risks of erosion and

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bylandslides or in case of visible gully erosion.

9. Traffic management

- Install and maintain sign boards, fences, signal lights to direct traffic to ensure traffic safety. Ensure adequate lighting at night time;

- Only use vehicles with valid registration. Trucks must be covered to prevent materials from dropping along the routes to cause dusts and accidents; Arrange and provide separate passageway with safe and easy access for pedestrian and for people with disability and mobility issues especially the areas in proximity of schools, including easy wheel chair access and hand rail. Make staff available any time for helping people with disability if needed.

- Set up traffic and maintain instruction signs and warnings to secure safety for people and means of transport during construction.

- Put speed limit signs at a distance of 200m from the construction site.

- Carefully cover materials on trucks. Do not load to a height of 10cm higher than the truck body so as not to spill out and scatter materials onto roads, giving rise to dust and endangering road users. Collect spilt soils and materials at the construction site each day to avoid slippery incidents for vehicles.

- Do not park vehicles in the roads longer than necessary. Do not allow construction vehicles and materials to encroach upon the pavements.

- Water the roads to prevent dust, limit the speed of traveling trucks, do not allow flared horns, and do

- Law on traffic and transport No. 23/2008/QH12;

- Decree 46/2016/ND-CP on administrative penalty for traffic safety violation

- Law on construction No. 50/2014/QH13;

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD on regulation on labor safety in construction


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bynot dispose the waste and wastewater onto areas near office areas of the existing universities under UD.

- Install night lighting of all construction sites.- Significant increases in number of vehicle trips

must be covered in a construction plan previously approved. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets.

- Installation of lighting at night must be done, if necessary, to ensure safe traffic diversion.

- Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hours.

10. Impacts on existing infrastructure and services

- Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas, power, internet services: the Contractor must undertake prior consultation and contingency planning with local authorities about the consequences of a particular service failure or disconnection.

- Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish appropriate construction schedules.

- Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned disruptions (at least 5 days in advance).

- The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day.

- Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible.

- Decree No. 167/2013/ND-CP on administrative penalty for violations related to social security, order and safety issues


11. Social impacts - Conduct temporary residence for workers with - Decree No. 167/2013/ND- - Contractor - PMU, CSC,

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bylocal authorities;

- Inform the community of commencement date 02 weeks in advance. In case of water and power outage for construction, affected will be notified 02 days in advance by the PMU3.

- Limit construction activities at night. If construction at night is unavoidable or interruption to service supply (water and power cut-off), the community must be informed at least 02 days in advance and the information will be repeated 1 day.

- Place planks on constructed ditches which was completed but not reinstated for travelling along the construction route.

- Use local labors to implement simple jobs. Training on environmental sanitation, safety and health of workers before assigning jobs. Nonlocal workers must be introduced with custom, traditions in the area to avoid community conflicts.

- Prepare conducts codes and request workers to comply with:

- Use PPE during working period- Only smoke in regulated areas- The following activities will be banned:- Storing and using weapons and poisons- Cutting trees outside the construction area,

burning fire, burning waste and plants after clearing (except for invasive plants, but there must be agreed by the Environmental Specialist in the supervision consulting team and PMU3)

CP on administrative penalty for violations related to social security, order and safety issues

IEMC

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by- Using alcohol in working period- Fighting- Participating in gambling and social evils such as

drugs, prostitution- Littering waste- Operate vehicles, motorbike and construction

means without tasks assigned.- Maintenance of vehicles, construction machines

and equipment outside the permitted area;

12. Control of impacts on physical cultural resources

If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Contractor shall:

- Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find;

- Delineate the discovered site or area;- Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of

removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local authorities or the Department of Culture, Sport and Tourism takes over;

- Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in turn will notify responsible local or national authorities in charge of the Cultural Property of Viet Nam (within 24 hours or less);

- Relevant local or national authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the

- Law on Cultural Heritage (2002)

- Law on Cultural Heritage (2009) for supplementary and reformation

- Decree No. 98/2010/ND-CP for supplementary and reformation


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byfindings to be performed. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic values;

- Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage;

- If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Subproject’s Owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site;

- Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities;

- Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning safeguard of the heritage.

13. Community’s safety and health

- The Contractor will have to conform to regulations in Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD by the Ministry of Construction on safety in construction.

- The Subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate closely with the local government in performing effective community sanitation in case of epidemic symptoms breaking out in the area.

- The subproject owner coordinates with the

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD on construction safety

- Directive No.02 /2008/CT-BXD on safeguards and sanitation in construction units

- TCVN 5308-91: Technical


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bycontractor to propagate to the people and workers in the area to maintain personal hygiene, ensure food hygiene and safety, collect waste water ... to prevent other potentially infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, dengue fever, Ecoli infection ...

- Subproject owner coordinates with relevant units to train the fire prevention and fighting, equip fire protection equipment in the worker camps, warehouses.

- The Subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate with local authorities in preventing and fighting against social evils.

- Do not disturb or cause trouble to community- Fence of excavation pits and open channels and

make off with luminous cordon and warning signs. Provide sufficient lighting when carry out construction at night.

- Limit the speed of transport means to 20km/h within 200m from the construction site so as to minimize dust and noise.

- Keep noise-generating machines and vehicles at such suitable distances that noise transmitted to residential areas will not be higher than 70dBA.

- Use static compacting when the road base is constructed near areas with many households and weak temporary works to restrict vibration.

- The Subproject will cooperate with the local health agency in developing and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers.

Basic protective measures against COVID-191. Health care settings

regulation on safety in construction

- Decision No 96/2008/QD-TTg on clearance of UXOs

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by

Minimize Chance of Exposure (to staff, other patients and visitors)- Upon arrival, make sure patients with symptoms

of any respiratory infection to a separate, isolated and well-ventilated section of the health care facility to wait, and issue a facemask

- During the visit, make sure all patients adhere to respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette, hand hygiene and isolation procedures. Provide oral instructions on registration and ongoing reminders with the use of simple signs with images in local languages

- Provide alcohol-based hand sanitizer (60-95% alcohol), tissues and facemasks in waiting rooms and patient rooms

- Isolate patients as much as possible. If separate rooms are not available, separate all patients by curtains. Only place together in the same room patients who are all definitively infected with COVID-19. No other patients can be placed in the same room.

Adhere to Standard Precautions- Train all staff and volunteers to undertake standard

precautions - assume everyone is potentially infected and behave accordingly

- Minimize contact between patients and other persons in the facility: health care professionals should be the only persons having contact with patients and this should be restricted to essential personnel only

- A decision to stop isolation precautions should be made on a case-by-case basis, in conjunction with

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bylocal health authorities.

Training of Personnel- Train all staff and volunteers in the symptoms of

COVID-19, how it is spread and how to protect themselves. Train on correct use and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, gowns, facemasks, eye protection and respirators (if available) and check that they understand

- Train cleaning staff on most effective process for cleaning the facility: use a high-alcohol based cleaner to wipe down all surfaces; wash instruments with soap and water and then wipe down with high-alcohol based cleaner; dispose of rubbish by burning etc.

Manage Visitor Access and Movement- Establish procedures for managing, monitoring,

and training visitors- All visitors must follow respiratory hygiene

precautions while in the common areas of the facility, otherwise they should be removed

- Restrict visitors from entering rooms of known or suspected cases of COVID-19 patients Alternative communications should be encouraged, for example by use of mobile phones. Exceptions only for end-of-life situation and children requiring emotional care. At these times, PPE should be used by visitors.

- All visitors should be scheduled and controlled, and once inside the facility, instructed to limit their movement.

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by- Visitors should be asked to watch out for

symptoms and report signs of acute illness for at least 14 days.

2. Construction settings in areas of confirmed cases of covid-19 Minimize Chance of Exposure- Any worker showing symptoms of respiratory

illness (fever + cold or cough) and has potentially been exposed to COVID-19 should be immediately removed from the site and tested for the virus at the nearest local hospital

- Close co-workers and those sharing accommodations with such a worker should also be removed from the site and tested

- Subproject management must identify the closest hospital that has testing facilities in place, refer workers, and pay for the test if it is not free

- Persons under investigation for COVID-19 should not return to work at the subproject site until cleared by test results. During this time, they should continue to be paid daily wages

- If a worker is found to have COVID-19, wages should continue to be paid during the worker’s convalescence (whether at home or in a hospital)

- If subproject workers live at home, any worker with a family member who has a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19 should be quarantined from the subproject site for 14 days, and continued to be paid daily wages, even if they have no symptoms.

Training of Staff and Precautions

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by- Train all staff in the signs and symptoms of

COVID-19, how it is spread, how to protect themselves and the need to be tested if they have symptoms. Allow Q&A and dispel any myths.

- Use existing grievance procedures to encourage reporting of co-workers if they show outward symptoms, such as ongoing and severe coughing with fever, and do not voluntarily submit to testing

- Supply face masks and other relevant PPE to all subproject workers at the entrance to the subproject site. Any persons with signs of respiratory illness that is not accompanied by fever should be mandated to wear a face mask

- Provide handwash facilities, hand soap, alcohol-based hand sanitizer and mandate their use on entry and exit of the subproject site and during breaks, via the use of simple signs with images in local languages

- Train all workers in respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette and hand hygiene using demonstrations and participatory methods

- Train cleaning staff in effective cleaning procedures and disposal of rubbish

Managing Access and Spread- Should a case of COVID-19 be confirmed in a

worker on the subproject site, visitors should be restricted from the site and worker groups should be isolated from each other as much as possible;

- Extensive cleaning procedures with high-alcohol content cleaners should be undertaken in the area of the site where the worker was present, prior to

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byany further work being undertaken in that area.

14. Workers’ health safety

- Provide training in EHS to workers for raising their awareness of infectious diseases especially HIV/AIDS within 2 weeks prior to the commencement of packages for construction items lasting at least 6 months.

- Provide training in first-aid skill and first-aid kit to workers and site engineer

- Regularly exam worker’s health to ensure occupational health

- Provide workers with PPE such as masks, gloves, helmets, shoes/boots, goggles, safety belt, etc. and enforce wearing during working especially working at heights and in dangerous areas.

- Limit or avoid working in extreme weather conditions, e.g. too hot, heavy rain, strong wind, and dense fog.

- Provision of proper eye protection such as welder goggles and/or a full-face eye shield for all personnel involved in, or assisting, welding operations. Additional methods may include the use of welding barrier screens around the specific work station (a solid piece of light metal, canvas, or plywood designed to block welding light from others). Devices to extract and remove noxious fumes at the source may also be required.

- Special hot work and fire prevention precautions and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be implemented if welding or hot cutting is undertaken outside established welding work stations, including ‘Hot Work Permits, stand-by

- Circular No. 04/2017 / TT-BXD on construction safety regulations

- Directive No. 02/2008/CT-BXD on labour safety and sanitation in construction agencies;

- QCVN 18:2014/BXD: Technical regulation on safety in construction

- Decision No. 96/2008 / QD-TTg on clearing bombs and mines


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byfire extinguishers, stand-by fire watch, and maintaining the fire watch for up to one hour after welding or hot cutting has terminated. Special procedures are required for hot work on tanks or vessels that have contained flammable materials.

- Safely install power lines at offices and in construction sites and do not lay connectors on the ground or water surface. Electric wires must be with plugs. Place outdoor electric panels in protection cabinets.

- Provide sufficient lighting when carrying out construction activities at night.

- Locate noise-generating sources and concrete mixing plants far enough from and downwind of residential areas and camps.

- Store fuels and chemicals in areas with impermeable ground, roofs, surrounding banks, and warning signs at least 50 m far from and downwind of residential areas and the camps.

- Provide training in fire-fighting to workers and fire-extinguishers for the camps.

- Prepare an emergency plan for chemical/fuel spill incident risk before construction begins.

- Provide the camps with sufficient supplies of clean water, power, and sanitary facilities. There must be at least one toilet compartment for every 25 workers, with separate toilets for males and females. Workers’ beds must be provided with mosquito nets so as to prevent dengue fever. Temporary tents will be unacceptable.

- Clean camps, kitchens, baths, and toilets and

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bysanitize regularly, and keep good sanitation. Provide dustbins and collect wastes daily from the camps. Clear drainage ditches around the camps periodically.

- Stop all construction activities during rains and storms, or upon accidents or serious incidents.

15. Management of Stockpiles, Quarries and Borrow Pit

General mitigations- All locations must be identified in accordance with

technical specifications. Sensitive areas such as nature reserve, landscape areas and areas near the receiving sources or other areas near the water sources. Open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater.

- Wall around the disposal site must be built.- The use of additional areas for storage, gathering

or material exploitation for the construction must be approved in advance by construction engineers.

- When landowners are affected when their land use for stockpiling, or material exploitation, these owners must be included in the subproject’s resettlement plan.

- If access road to the site is required, it must be included in the environmental assessment.

Minimize risks from the material sources:- The main suppliers must produce a license to

exploit and transport materials.- Give priority to recruiting local labor.- Materials must be tested before construction.- Do not purchase materials from Suppliers that do

not have a approval environmental license.

- - Contractor - PMU, CSC, IEMC

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by16. Communication to

local community- Maintain open communications with the local

government and concerned communities; the contractor shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local wards or communes, leader of villages) for agreed schedules of construction activities at areas nearby sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days).

- Copies in Vietnamese of this ESCOP and of other relevant environmental safeguard documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site.

- Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields and car parking: The loss of amenities during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives.

- Disseminate Subproject information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc.) through community meetings before construction commencement.

- Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, Subproject status and Subproject implementation results.

- Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during

- Decree No. 167/2013/ND-CP on administrative penalty for violations related to social security, order and safety issues


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bySubproject implementation phase.

- Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the Subproject progresses.

- Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner.

- Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate.

- Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures.

- At least five days in advance of any service interruption (including water, electricity, telephone, bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the Subproject site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses.

- Provide technical documents and drawings to local authority and community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the ESMP of the construction site.

- Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the Subproject, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staffs, health and safety staffs, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions

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4.1.3.2. Specific mitigation measures in the construction phase

Depending on the scope of work and type of auxiliary items of each bid package, the Contractors will be required to comply with the specific requirements described below. The IEMC, CSC and PMU 3 shall monitor the Contractor’s compliance.

Mitigation measures of specific impacts for each construction area are presented in the table below.

Table 45: Mitigation measures of specific impacts during the construction phase

Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Implemen

tationSupervisi

on

1) Impact due to dust and noise from deforestation activities, expanding NH2 foundation, section Km 284 + 600-Km 285 + 995

- Apply construction method using baking powder to break rock (not use the blasting construction method) by drilling boreholes with bore diameter of 36- 42 mm;

- Locate the locations where the hole needs to be drilled to pour liquid powder in order to break, separate stone and concrete as desired;

- Mix water into the powder according to the prescribed ratio and pour liquid powder into the drilled hole; When the hydration reaction occurs, the stone and concrete will be broken according to the design. Then it is cleaned the soil and rock layer to create the road foundation as designed.

- Fully equipped with warning signs, safety distance and labor protection for workers when participating in rock breaking.

Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC

2.Impacts on water quality of Lo river along NH2 section Km 284 + 600-Km 285 + 995

- Create sedimentation pits and maintain them periodically to ensure that most solids in the surface flow are retained in the sedimentation pit before flowing into the existing Lo river drain or water source on the right side along the route;

- It is strictly forbidden for contractors to discharge waste into Lo river.

- Site diaries must be kept daily. Basing on storm weather forecasts, it will suspend all construction activities, clean up the sites and protect materials and construction machinery.

- Do not gather construction materials as well as machinery and equipment near Lo river. Gather construction materials with moderate volume in accordance with the construction schedule. Materials must be covered with canvas, avoiding the upwind position and near Lo river.

- It is strictly forbidden to discharge hazardous waste, waste oil or grease cloth into the Lo river flow.


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tationSupervisi

on

- Comply with QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT, QCVN 14: 2008 / BTNMT, QCVN 18: 2014 / BXD.

1) Impacts due to erosion, subsidence and landslide along NH2, section Km 284 + 600-Km 285 + 995

- Before digging, reinforcement will be carried out. Construction methods of construction contractors must be proposed and submitted to relevant authorities for approval.

- Ensure that land acquisition and house relocation at the subproject boundary are completed before starting construction work.

- Use construction methods suitable for each construction location.

- Closely monitor the vibration level- Do not perform the digging of foundation

during heavy rain.- Check and monitor the risks of land subsidence,

it must be regularly checked the landslide status to prepare appropriate reinforcement plans.

- Ensuring the continuous supervision of the Construction Supervision Consultant and the Contractor during construction to monitor the potential risk of erosion and landslides and, if necessary, take appropriate action.

- Comply with QCVN 18: 2014 / BXD.


2) Impacts on production forests along NH2, section Km 284 + 600-Km 285 + 995

- Inform the community about the construction progress at least two weeks before construction.

- Zoning the boundary of the construction area with the production forest to avoid causing damage or cutting trees for firewood, reinforcement to works, ...

- Issue the Code of Conduct of workers on site and train workers to comply

- Compensation for damage to plants during construction.

- water to reduce dust on site to minimize scattered dust on the leaf surface, affecting crop productivity of households.


3) Obstructing road traffic on NH2 in the subproject area, section from Km284 + 600 to Km

- Planning of traffic management in the construction area which is approved by management units.

- Arranging construction in each segment, ensuring reasonable construction lanes to minimize the risk of traffic congestion on the route.

- Install and maintain signs, barriers, traffic lights to ensure safety for people and vehicles in


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tationSupervisi

on

286 + 000 (1.4km long)

traffic.- Arrange and provide separate, safe and

convenient walkways for pedestrians and people with disabilities.

- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area.

- Establish and maintain traffic signs and warnings to ensure safety for people and vehicles during construction.

- Install speed limit signs within 200 m from the site

- Cover materials tightly, not gather material over 10cm high compared to the vehicle wall before transport. Daily collect spilled soil and materials in the construction area to avoid slippery incidents for vehicles;

- Avoid stopping on the road for longer than the necessary. Avoid letting construction equipment and materials encroach on the roadway.

- Spray / water roads to avoid dust, limit the speed of trucks, do not horn and do not discharge waste and wastewater into existing residential areas.

- Ensure lighting for construction site at night.- A significant increase in the number of vehicle

trips must be included in the construction plan approved previously. Route orientation, especially routes for trucks / heavy construction machines, should be taken into account for construction sites near residential areas at the beginning of the route Km 284 + 600 - Km 285.

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4.1.3.3. Site-specific mitigation measures in the construction phase

Site-specific mitigation measures in the construction phase for the subproject as follow table:

Table 46: Mitigation measures of site-specific impacts during the construction phase

Section Photos taken at site visit Impact and risk Site-specific mitigation measures

Km284+600-Km284+700: The starting point at km284 + 600 is

located at the entrance gate of Ha Giang city


- Dust, noise and vibration will affect the health of workers and local people;- Traffic obstruction and potential traffic accident for the community;- Risks of occupational accidents, snakes, insect bites;- Impact on business activities, trading of households.

- Inform community at least two weeks before construction commencement;- Place warning and speed limit signs and reflective fences along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at night- Provide safe and convenience access for local residents to travel from one side of the road to the other- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area.- Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day- Minimise the volume of materials and wastes temporarily loaded within 100 m from the residential area- Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance- Minimise the volume of materials temporarily loaded within 20m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up- Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are identified- Clean up materials dropped on local road daily

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Km 284+700 – Km284+900 Photo of affected works, structures at

the sound slope

the house which is partially affected by the upgrading and expanding of

NH 2, at the sound slope


Inform community at least two weeks before construction commencement;- Place warning and speed limit signs and reflective fences along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at night- Provide safe and convenience access for local residents to travel from one side of the road to the other- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area.- Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day- Minimise the volume of materials and wastes temporarily loaded within 100 m from the residential area- Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance- Minimise the volume of materials temporarily loaded within 20m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up- Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are identified- Clean up materials dropped on local road daily

Km 284+900 – Km 284+950

Location of land and crops affected

- Dust, noise and vibration will affect the health of workers and local people;- Traffic obstruction and potential traffic accident for the community;- Risks of occupational accidents, snakes, insect bites;

Inform community at least two weeks before construction commencement;- Place warning and speed limit signs and reflective fences along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at night- Provide safe and convenience access for local residents to travel from one side of the road to the other- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the

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by the upgrading and expansion of

NH2Location of land and crops affected by the upgrading and expansion of

NH2

- Impact on business activities, trading of households.- Risk of landslide / subsidence

construction area.- Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day- Minimise the volume of materials and wastes temporarily loaded within 100 m from the residential area- Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance- Minimise the volume of materials temporarily loaded within 20m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up- Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are identified- Clean up materials dropped on local road daily

Km 284+950 – Km285+000


NH2


Inform community at least two weeks before construction commencement;- Place warning and speed limit signs and reflective fences along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at night- Provide safe and convenience access for local residents to travel from one side of the road to the other- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area.- Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day- Minimise the volume of materials and wastes temporarily loaded within 100 m from the residential area- Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance

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Section Photos taken at site visit Impact and risk Site-specific mitigation measuresArchitectural structures partially affected during upgrading and

expansion of NH2

At Km285+000

- Minimise the volume of materials temporarily loaded within 20m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up- Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are identified- Clean up materials dropped on local road daily

Km 285+100 – Km 285+ 200


expansion of NH2


expansion of NH2


Inform community at least two weeks before construction commencement;- Place warning and speed limit signs and reflective fences along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at night- Provide safe and convenience access for local residents to travel from one side of the road to the other- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area.- Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day- Minimise the volume of materials and wastes temporarily loaded within 100 m from the residential area- Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance- Minimise the volume of materials temporarily loaded within 20m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up- Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are

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Section Photos taken at site visit Impact and risk Site-specific mitigation measuresidentified- Clean up materials dropped on local road daily

Km 285+200 – Km285+250


expansion of NH2


expansion of NH 2


Inform community at least two weeks before construction commencement;- Place warning and speed limit signs and reflective fences along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at night- Provide safe and convenience access for local residents to travel from one side of the road to the other- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area.- Water the construction areas located within 100 m from the residential area at least twice in a hot, dry day- Minimise the volume of materials and wastes temporarily loaded within 100 m from the residential area- Avoid carrying out construction at night time in the area within 100 m from residentials areas. If not avoidable, inform communities at least two days in advance- Minimise the volume of materials temporarily loaded within 20m from any house, clean up drainage ditches if they are filled up- Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are identified- Clean up materials dropped on local road daily

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Km 285+200 – Km286+000

Ending point of the section, at Km286+000

- Dust, noise and vibration will affect the workers' health.- Traffic obstruction and potential traffic accident;- Risks of occupational accidents, snakes, insect bites;- Risk of landslide / subsidence - Water quality degradation of Lo river

- Place warning and speed limit signs and reflective fences along the areas passing the residential cluster; provided adequate lighting at night- Provide safe and convenience access for local residents to travel from one side of the road to the other- Arrange staff to assist in traffic regulating at the construction area.- Carry out inventory before road surface compaction and use static compaction method in areas where weak structures are identified- Clean up materials dropped on local road daily- Create sedimentation pits and maintain them periodically to ensure that most solids in the surface flow are retained in the sedimentation pit before flowing into the existing Lo river drain or water source on the right side along the route;- It is strictly forbidden for contractors to discharge waste into Lo river.

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4.1.4. Mitigation measure during the operation phase

As mentioned in Chapter 3, most of the impacts during the operation phase are positive impacts. There is no specific impacts or impacts on sensitive structures. The following mitigation measures are proposed for general impacts during subproject operation phase.

Table 46. Measures to minimize the overall impact in the operation phase

Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Implementatio

n Supervision

Dust and emission

- Regularly clear sand and soil on roads, bridges to reduce dust generation;

- Spraying water, washing roads at least once a day in the dry season to minimize dust swept from the surface of roads;

- Transportation vehicles must be covered to avoid material dropping on roads;

- Vehicles must be registered to meet the requirements issued by the State;

- Plant and maintain trees on both road sides to prevent dust from spreading into people’s houses along the roads

- Operation management unit

- Local government


- Local government

Noise from vehicles

- Training and raising the awareness of traffic participants.

- To arrange suitable speed limit signs in the residential areas.

- To arrange signs to prohibit honking when passing sensitive ares as if.

- Plant and maintain trees on both road sides to prevent noise from spreading into people’s houses along the roads


- Local government


- Competent agencies

Risks and incidents in operation phase

Road safety during operation of road- Improving knowledge of local people on

road use regulations and practices- Monitoring and enforcement of driver speed

and behavior.- When traffic volume is high, generation of

dust, exhausted gases, noise, and vibration could be an additional issue but this could be mitigated through long term planning.

Risks of landslide and subsidence- To avoid the risk of landslide, in detailed

design, it is necessary to carry out hydrological and geological surveys to ensure sustainable and stable design.

- Regularly check locations at risks of landslide, subsidence (positions with soft and unstable soil ground).

- Allocate funds for maintenance, carry out periodical maintenance.

- Raise awareness of road users not allowed to

- -

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Site-specific impacts Mitigation measures Implementatio

n Supervision

carrying overload as stipulated.- Check the works before, during and after the

rainy/storm season to take appropriate corrective measures.

- Coordinate with authorities and people in protection of right of way.

4.2. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION

4.2.1. Implementation arrangement

The tables and figures below summarize the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders and their relationships in the implementation of environmental protection plan.

Contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures. These measures will be included in bidding documents and their costs are included in construction bid packages;

CSC will be responsible for monitoring the day-to-day implementation of mitigation measures. Related costsare included in the CSC's service contract;

IEMC will be responsible for overall environmental monitoring which includes support to the PMU3 in implementing environmentalsupervision and monitoring, and responsible for reporting on the implementation through monitoring reports.

Figure 6: Diagram of ESMP implementation arrangement

4.2.2. Role and responsibility

Specific responsibility of stakeholders is shown in Table below

Table 47: The role and responsibilities of the main stakeholders

Stakeholder Responsibilities

Directorate for Overall responsible for environmental safeguard compliance of the

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Ha Giang DONRE

PMU3 DONREWB

IEMC

CommunitiesContractorCSC

PMU3’s Environmental Staff(s) anđSocial Staff(s)

Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceStakeholder Responsibilities

road of Vietnam Subproject

PMU3

Be responsible for monitoring the overall Subproject implementation, including environmental compliance. PMU3 will be responsibile for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the Subproject during the construction and operational phases:

(i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during Subproject implementation;

(ii) Ensure that the detailed design include all environment mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP;

(iii) monitor and supervise to ensure adequate contents of ESMP are incorporated into bidding and contractual documents;

(iv) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly;

(v) Report on ESMP implementation to DONRE and the WB.PMU3 will assign Environmental Staff(s) (ES) to oversee and coordinate environmental aspects of the Subproject.PMU3 will assign two Social Staffs (SS). One social staff will oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the Subproject. The second staff will be the focal point for grievances and will also be in charge of relations with the community (i.e. street vendors).

PMU3 Environmental and Social Staff(s) (ES)

Beresponsible for monitoring the implementation of the Subproject ESMP. Specifically, ES will be responsible for:

(i) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents;

(ii) Monitor the incorporation of ESMP and RAP monitoring and supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents for the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and other safeguard consultant (IEMC);

(iii) provide inputs to the consultant selection process;(iv) review reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants;(v) conducting periodic site checks;(vi) propose solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the

Subproject; and(vii) prepare environmental and social performance section on the

progress and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank.

Contractors - Assign Enviromental, Social Health and Safety (EHS) staff to monitor contractor’s compliance to ESMP.

- Prepare Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit to PMU3 and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction.

- Obtain all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current regulations.

- Implement the mitigation measures specified in the ESMP, CESMP, bidding documents etc.

- Actively communicate with local residents and authorities and take actions to address their ESHS concernsduring construction.

- Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program.

- Report to the PMU3 and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceStakeholder Responsibilities

- Report to PMU3 and CSC if environmental accidents occur and coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues.

- Assign a Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO)- Assign a focal point for grievances

Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC)

- Assign qualified Environmental and Social Staff(s) to supervise the implementation of ESMP and ensure compliance

- The CSC will assign a social staff to oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the Subproject;

- Be responsible for routine environmental supervision and reporting during construction phase.

- Assist the PMU3 in reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local community.

- Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs/Covid-19 awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU3 staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract.

- Carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during construction period and first-year-operation, prepare periodical environmental monitoring and supervision reports for submission to Vietnamese authorities.

Independent Envionmental Monitoring Consultants (IEMC)

- Provide support to PMU3 to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on subproject environmental management requirements

- Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies during Subproject implementation, carry out random field visits to certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions.

- Prepare monitoring reports after each visit.

Local community - Participate in volunteer community environmental and social monitoring.

Ha Giang DONRE Monitoring compliance with the Government environmental requirements.

District Natural Resources and Environment Division of Ha Giang city and Vi Xuyen district

- Monitor and inspect environmental safety assurance activities in the subproject area

- Check and handle violations.- Guide communal staff in charge of environmental management in the

locality.- Periodically report to the Department of Natural Resources and

Environment on arising environmental issues.Coordinate with stakeholders, participate in research and inspection, and resolve arising environmental incidents.

Environmental police division of Ha Giang province

- Coordinate with relevant departments and agencies to monitor, control and resolve violations to the Environment Law.Handle serious violations, investigate responsibilities of related parties as well as take part in solving serious environmental incidents.

Public utility companies (electricity, water supply, drainage, telecommunications, etc.)

- Coordinate with the PMU3 and the Contractor to carry out relocation of underground works at risk of being affected such as electric pole and drainage ditch and set up temporary connections at proposed crossings to ensure the continuous provision of basic services for people's lives.Take part in dealing with related incidents (fire and explosion of electric cables, breaks of telecommunication cables, water pipe cracks, etc.

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province4.3. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE FRAMEWORK

4.3.1. Environmental and Social Responsibility of PMU3 / Detailed Design Consultant

During the preparation of TORs for consulting services and construction bidding documents, the PMU3 will also work closely with the consultants to ensure that: i) contract packaging and cost estimations includes ESMP implementation, including the services on independent safeguard monitoring, environmental sampling/monitoring and compliance supervision, reporting etc.; ii) ESCOPs and relevant common as well as site-specific mitigation measures are incorporated into the bidding documents; iii) environmental supervision and training are included in the scope of works assigned to the construction supervision consultant.

At feasibility study/detail engineering design stage, the PMU3 shall work closely with the feasibility study consultants and detail design engineers to environmental protection solutions and relevant mitigation measures proposed in the ESMP are considered and incorporated into the engineering design as appropriate.

During construction phase, the PMU3 shall work closely with the supervision consultant to monitor the compliance of contractors and report to relevant authorities. The PMU3 will also direct the supervision consultant and contractors on the actions to be undertaken in case when issues are arisen, incidents or accidents etc.

The PMU will assign at least one staff with suitable qualifications to be Environmental Officer (EO) and one staff with suitable qualification to be Social Officer (SO) throughout subproject implementation.

- The EO will oversee environmental issues and monitor safeguard compliance of the Subproject. The EO will be supported by the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant, the Environmetnal Officers of the construction supervision team as well as the contractors.

- The SO will oversee and coordinate social/resettlement aspects of the Subproject. The SO will be supported by the Independent Resettlement Monitoring Consultant, the social staffs of the construction supervision team/contractors.

4.3.2. Environmental responsibility of the contractor

The contractor firstly shall adhere to minimize the impact that may be result of the subproject construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures under ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and environment caused by the impacts in construction and operation phases.

Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be implemented upon completion of the works (and before issuance of the Works Acceptance Certificates).

The Contractors’ duties include but not limit to:

- Comply with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety;

- Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions;

- Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Supervisors (ES) of the CSC;

- Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Officer (EO) Social Officer (SO) of the PMU3 and the ES;

- In case of non-compliances/ discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals

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on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental/social impacts;

- Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts, upon receiving instructions from the EO and the ES. Propose and implement corrective actions and carry out alternative construction methods, if required, to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non- compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the EO and the ES.

- In case the contractor proposes to use source of raw materials that have not been covered in subproject ESMP, the contractor will report to the CSCs and PMU3 and coordinate with them in carrying out due–diligence environmental review of these materials sources to assess their compliance to national environmental requirements. Only complied sources can be used under this project.

- The contractor shall be responsible for implementation of corrective measures at his costs. The contractor shall also be responsible for paying the costs of damages caused by non- compliance to ESMP and/or applicable environmental regulations.

4.3.3. Contractor's Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP)

After contract signing, the contractor will be required to prepare and submit a contractor’s site- specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) for each contract package and submit to the CSC and PMU3 for review and clearance.

The objective of the Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP) is to provide information for environmental management during the proposed works/activities on site of Ha Giang Project. This is to ensure that the Contractor (and any subcontractors) have minimal impact on the environment. The CESMP will detail how the contractor will mitigate construction impacts and documents the contractor’s response to inspecting, monitoring, verifying, internal auditing and correcting or improving environmental performance. The CESMP must be site-specific and should include details of control measures that will be implemented on site to minimize any potential environmental impacts from the proposed works/activities. If the proposed works/activities contained within the CESMP are altered during the Contract, the CESMP will be required to be modified by the Contractor to reflect these changes or modifications. The contents of the CESMP should include the followings:

(i) A statement of policy, providing a definition of the Contractor’s environmental policy and an indication of commitment to the execution of its Site Environmental Management Plan.

(ii) A brief document description; Date of issue; Revision status; Distribution list; and preparation personnel details and signoff.

(iii) Applicable laws and regulations associated with the requirements in the Subproject ESMP. Identification of the contractor licenses, permits and approval associated with the CESMP.

(v) Details on how the environmental and social impacts identified in the Subproject ESMP will be managed on site, including: 1) the site-specific measures to mitigate impacts during construction; 2) ESCOPs; 3) the Contractor ESMP to be developed after the contractor is selected and before construction starts; and 4) the Contractor’s Dredging Management Plan that the contractor is required to develop.

(vii) Detailed environmental and social training that all site contractor personnel (including subcontractors) are required to undertake. As a minimum all contractor personnel working at the Subproject sites must: i) be familiar and understand the CESMP for the works; ii) be aware of their environmental responsibilities and legal obligations on site; and iii) undertake

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincehealth and safety and emergency response training.

(viii) Specific capabilities, support mechanisms and resources necessary to satisfactorily implement the CESMP. Detailed environmental responsibilities of all contractor personnel including subcontractors working on site with appropriate knowledge, skills and training for specific tasks shall be identified.

(ix) The contractor shall be responsible for preparing monthly environmental reports, as a section within the Progress report required in the bidding document, including accidental report if any, for submitting to the Subproject owner. The contents of these reports may include following details:

- Implementation of the Contractor’s CESMP complying with the agreed program;

- Any difficulties encountered in the implementation of the CESMP and recommendations for remedying them for the future;

- The number and type of non-compliances and proposed corrective actions;

- Reports from the Subcontractors involved in the implementation of the CESMP, including minutes of meetings and discussions held by the Contractor;

- Minutes of meeting from discussions held with the Subproject owner regarding implementation of the CESMP.

4.3.4. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO)

The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s)as the Contractor’s on-site safety, social and environment officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor's compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following:

- Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented;

- Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements;

- Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures;

- Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions;

- Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures;

- Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures;

- Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non-compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PMU3 and CSC

- Inform the contractor and ES (of PMU3 and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PMU3 and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required;

- Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment.

4.3.5. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC)

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceAn IEMC shall be contracted PMU3 to provide some environmental safeguard training for PMU3 staff and carry out environmental auditing. The IEMC shall carry out the monitoring, including:

- Provide support to PMU3 to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on subproject environmental management requirements

- Provide trainings, implement capacity building activities for relevant agencies during Subproject implementation, carry out random field visits to certify compliance or recommend corrective/improvement actions

- Provide training for PMU3 and the CSC, and the representatives of the Contractors on socio-environmental, health and safety issues related to construction;

- Evaluate environmental quality at the areas affected by the construction activities (including site observations, reviewing environmental quality data provided by the CSC, review of other available documents, and supplement sampling if necessary);

- Review contractor’s environmental compliance including the implementation of mitigation measures and documentation;

- Review PMU3 and CSC compliance to ESMP.

- The IEMC will also provide technical advice and assistance to the PMU3 and the EO in environmental matters.

4.3.6. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC)

During construction phase, a qualified CSC reporting to the PMU3 shall carry out the environmental supervision. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff(s), will be responsible for inspecting, and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the Subproject are minimized. The CSC shall engage sufficient number of Environmental Supervision Engineers with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction subproject management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. Specifically, ES of CSC will:

- Review and assess on behalf of the PMU3 whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP,

- Review and clear contractor’s SEMP;

- Coordinate with PMU3 Environmental Officer (EO) in reviewing environmental compliance at newly proposed borrow pits and quarries and advise PMU3 on whether these are eligible for use by the Subproject;

- Verify and confirm with PMU3 environmental supervision procedures; parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results;

- Supervise contractor’s implementation of its CESMP including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions;

- Arrange, implement training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU3 staffs;

- Arrange, implement training on COVID-19 awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU3 staffs;

- Implement the environmental quality sampling and prepare periodical environmental

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monitoring reports, including reports on ESMP implementation status to the PMU3 and prepare environmental supervision statement during the construction phase; and

- Review payment requests related to environmental mitigation costs if applicable.

4.3.7. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements

The constructions activities shall comply not only with general contractual condition on environmental protection and pollution control requirements, but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

All the works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the ECO for approval to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included.

ES shall also review the progress and program of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented.

The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PMU3. The document shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book.

After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PMU3 and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall advise the Contractor and the PMU3 accordingly.

4.3.8. Environmental Complaints and Sanction System

In the compliance framework, if non-compliance with the Contractor's ESMP and environmental regulations are discovered by CSC/ES/IEMC/PMU3 during the site supervision, up to 2% values of interim payment of the contractor of this month will be held back. The Contractor will be given a grace period (determined by CSC/PMU3) to repair the violation. If the Contractor satisfactorily performs the repairs within the grace period (confirmed by CSC/PMU3), no penalty is incurred and the upholding money will be paid to the Contractor. However, if the Contractor fails to successfully make the necessary repairs within the grace period, the Contractor will pay the cost for a third party to repair the damages (deduction from keeping money).

In case of IEMC/CSC/PMU3 not detected of non-compliance with environmental regulations of the contractor, they will be responsibility payment to repair the violation.

4.3.9. Reporting

The Subproject Management Unit (PMU3) is responsible for conducting internal monitoring the implementation of the RP. In addition, the PMU3 will hire an external monitoring agency (EMA) to undertake independent monitoring of the process of RP implementation and to assess living standard of the affected people during and after the completion of the resettlement.

Both internal and external (independent) monitoring will regularly (on a monthly basis for internal and biannual basic for independent monitoring). An end-of-subproject evaluation on

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provincethe implementation of resettlement is required and report will be prepared to confirm whether the objectives of OP 4.12 were achieved.

ESMP monitoring and reporting requirements are summarized in table below.

Table 46: Regular reporting requirements

No. Report Prepared by Submitted to Frequency of Reporting

1 Contractor PMU3 Once before construction commences and monthly thereafter

2 Construction Supervision consultant (CSC)

PMU3 Weekly and monthly

4 Community supervision PMU3 After each periodical monitoring

5 IEMC PMU3 Every six-month

6 PMU3 DONRE Every six-month

7 PMU3 WB Every six-month

4.4. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

An environmental monitoring program is proposed for the construction phase of the subproject's road sections. In the operation phase of the route sections, it will be handed over to the local management units and integrated into the periodical environmental monitoring programs of Ha Giang province. Therefore, the Subproject proposes not to conduct monitoring during the operation phase.

The environmental management and monitoring will be carried out by the Subproject Owner.

Table 47: Location, parameters and frequency of environmental monitoring in the construction phase

Monitored items Construction phaseI. Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration1. Monitoring parameters TSP, CO, NO2, SO2, Noise (Leq), vibration

2. Monitoring frequency

Every three months

3. Applied RegulationQCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT; QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT

4. Monitoring positions

02 locations at the beginning, the end of the route

II. Surface Water Quality Monitoring1.Monitoring parameters

pH, BOD5, DO, TSS, Amoni, Nitrat, Clorua, Phosphat, total grease, surfactant, Coliform

2. Monitoring frequency

Every three months

3. Applied Regulation QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT

4. Monitoring Locations

01 location at Lo river, near construction site of road

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province4.5. CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

4.5.1. Assessment of social and environmental management capacity of PMU3

The assessment of the PMU3 staff's ability to take safeguard measures shows that the PMU3 staff now have a fairly complete understanding of the World Bank's safeguard requirements as well as understanding the environmental and social issues through the VRAMP project implementation in the previous stage. Hence, there is less risk in implementing subproject safeguard requirements in ESMP. Therefore, training and capacity building for environmental and social management will not be proposed during the subproject implementation phase.

4.5.2. Capacity building program of safeguard policy

The Table below provides a typical training program on E&S requirements. Training programs will be developed and implemented by IEMC team in coordination with the CSC Environmental and Social Officer.

- Trainee groups: the field engineers (FE), construction supervision consultants (CSC), the contractors, representatives of relevant stakeholders and local communities in the subproject area. The contractors take the responsibility for training workers and drivers.

- Training Schedule: Training will be given at least one month before performing the first construction contract. Subsequent training sessions can be modified to suit the construction schedule for subproject components.

- Frequency of training: The basic training programs given in the table below will be provided every 6 months annually, and the contents will be updated and tailored to items to be implemented.

Table 47: Capacity building program of environmental management

I. Subjects CSC, CONTRACTORS, REPRESENTATIVESOF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (WARDS/COMMUNES), COMMUNITIES

Training course Implementation of mitigation measures

Participants CSC; construction engineers, site construction field manager. Staff in charge of environment and social issues, the contractor; representatives of local authorities; representatives of urban groups (i.e. street vendors)

Training frequency Shortly after awarding contracts to the contractors with updates on demand

Duration Two-day training for CSC and contractors, and one-day training for others

Content Overview of the overall environmental/social monitoring;Requirements of environmental/social monitoring;The roles and responsibility of the contractors and CSC;The content and method of environmental monitoring;Reaction and risk control;Introducing monitoring forms and instructing on filling out forms and reporting incidents;Information on the Grievance Redress Mechanism.Other issues to be determinedPreparing and submitting reports

Responsibility With the help of technical assistance teams, PMU3, the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) implement safety policies.

II. Subjects COMMUNITIES/ WORKERS

Training course Safety and environmental sanitation

Participants Representatives of workers (team leaders) working directly for the subproject components

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceTraining frequency As appropriate

Duration One day of presentation and one day of on-site presentation

Content Brief presentation on safety issues and overview on the environment;Key issues requiring the attention of the community and construction workers to mitigating safety risks (land roads, waterways, equipment, machinery, etc.) as well as reducing pollution (dust, exhaust gases, oil spills, waste management, etc.);Management of safety and environmental sanitation on site and at workers’ camps;Mitigation measures applied on site and camps;Safety measures for electricity, mechanical engineering, transportation, air pollution;Methods of dealing with emergency situations;The rights and responsibilities of environmental monitoringEnvironmental monitoring, environmental monitoring formMeasures to mitigate the social impact and monitoring implementationOther issues to be determined

Responsibility Contractors, PMU3 with the assistance of IEMC

4.6. ESTIMATED COSTS FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION

4.6.1. Estmated costs for environmental monitoring program

According to the local environmental monitoring unit price, the estimated cost for monitoring the environmental quality of the subproject is shown in the table below:

Table 47: Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis

No. Contents Unit Monitoring times

No. of samples in

each monitoring

Unit priceIn cash

(USD 1 = VND 23,400)

VND VND USD1 Air, noise, vibration Sample 4 2 3.000.000 24,000,000 1,0262 Surface water Sample 4 1 3.500.000 14,000,000 598

TOTAL 38,000,000 1,624

4.6.2. Estmated cost for IEMC

Estimated cost for IEMC is presented in the table below:

Table 48: Estimated cost for independent environmental monitoring

(Exchange rate: USD 1 = VND 23,400)

No. Contents Unit Quantity Unit (VND) In cash (VND) In cash

(USD)1 Salary for expert Person -month 15 30.000.000 450,000,000 19,231

2 Accomodation, perdiem Person – day 60 600.000 36,000,000 1,538

3 Travelling cost Person - trip 15 5.000.000 75,000,000 3,205

4 Stationery and communication

Monitoring time 4 3.000.000 12,000,000 513

Total 573,000,000 24,487

4.6.3. Estimated costs for training program

Estimated cost for training program on environmental/social monitoring management capacity is presented inTable below:

Table 49: Estimated costs for training program

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(Exchange rate: USD 1 = VND 23,400)

Training content Trainee Unit Quantit

yPrice TotalVND VND USD

A. Capacity building programs on safeguard policies (trained by IEMC)

I. Implementation of mitigation measures

All work itemsCSC; Construction engineers, site manager

course 2 10,000,00

0 20,000,000855

II. Environmental sanitation safeguard

All work items Foreman (head)

course2 5,000,000 10,000,000 427

Total (A) 30,000,000 1,282B. HIV /Aids, COVID-19 and GBV training (done by CSC)

All work itemsWorkers, CSC team and PMU3 staff

course

2 20,000,000 40,000,000 1,709

Total (B) 40,000,000 1,709

Total (A)+(B) 70,000,000 2,991

4.6.4. Total estimated costs for ESMP implementation

The following table provides a cost estimate for the implementation of environmental management plan (ESMP). The cost of ESMP4 implementation will include (i) the costs of implementing mitigation measures by the contractor, (ii) expenses supervised by CSC, (iii) cost of the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC), (iv) the costs of environmental quality monitoring, (v) the cost of safety management for the PMU3, including both technical assistance in implementing safety policies and training programs. The costs of implementing mitigation measures during construction will be a part of the value of construction contracts, while the costs for a site-specific environmental monitoring plan (SEMP) by the construction supervision consultant (CSC) will be provided in construction supervision contracts. The costs of the PMU3 operations relating to EMP are allocated from the subproject management budget of the PMU3, including safety training programs, and basic allowances to participants in the monitoring programs. After the subproject has been completed, the costs of environmental monitoring of constructed works will be taken from the operation and maintenance budget of the city.

It should be noted that the involvement of the community in the process of ESMP implementation is completely voluntary participation for the benefit of own community and households. The following Table below provides the estimated costs for environmental quality monitoring and IEMC (in accordance with national practices) for reference purposes. However, final costs will be updated in the detailed design phase.

Table 50: Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation

ContentsCosts of ESMP Implementation

VND USD

(a) Mitigation during construction As a part of the contract

(b) Monitoring safeguard compliance during construction

As a part of the cost for Construction Supervision Consulting (CSC)

4Excluding costs for RP implementation and independent monitoring the performance of RP/EMP

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ContentsCosts of ESMP Implementation

VND USD

(c) Running cost of PMU3 social and environmental units

As part of the costs for the PMU3

(d) Environmental quality monitoring 78,000,000 1,624

(e) Independent environmental monitoring consulting (IEMC) 573,000,000 24,487

(f) HIV /Aids, COVID-19 and GBV Training (done by CSC) 70,000,000 2,991

Note: The costs for Independent Monitoring Agency for resettlement and social issues will be covered under the Resettlement Plans to be prepared.

4.7. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)

Subproject Level GRM

Within the Vietnamese legal framework, citizen rights to complain are protected. As part of overall implementation of the subproject, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be developed by the ESU of the PMU3, according procedures, responsible persons and contact information will be developed. It will be readily accessible to ensure that grievances shall be handled and resolved at the lowest level as quickly as possible. The mechanism will provide a framework within which complaints about environmental and social issues can be handled, grievances can be addressed, and disputes can be settled promptly. The GRM will be in place before construction commencement.

During construction, the GRM will be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the subproject. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. The contractors should indicate contact for any complaints when the contractors announce construction schedule to local communities.

All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in subproject safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows:

- Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices.

- In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses.

- By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives.

Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safeguard staff, one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PMU3 within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint.

Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of:

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang province- The date and time of the complaint.

- The name, address and contact details of the complainant.

- A short description of the complaint.

- Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process.

- The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process.

- The final resolution of the complaint.

- The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof.

- The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained.

Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date.

The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined.

Grievance Redress Mechanism for affected person who lose means of income/livelihoods, are Summarised in Table 64.

Table 64: Grievance Redress Mechanism

First Stage –Ward/Commune People’s Committee (WPC):

PAP may submit their complaint – either in written or verbal, to the office of the Ward/Commune People’s Committee. W/C PC will receive the complaints and will notify the W/C PC leaders of the complaint. The Chairman of the W/C PC will meet the complainant in person and will solve it within 15 days following the receipt of the complaint.

Second Stage –City/District People’s Committee (C/DPC):

After 15 days since the submission of the complaints, if the aggrieved person does not have any response from the W/C PC, or if the aggrieved person is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may take the case, either in written or verbal, to the Reception Unit of City/District People’s Committee. The City/District People’s Committee will have 30 days since the date of receipt of the complaint to resolve the case. The City/District People’s Committee will register all the complaints submitted and will inform the District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition of the City/District PC’s resolution/assessment results. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish.

Third Stage – Provincial People’s Committee):

After 30 days, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the City/District PC, or if the PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may escalate the case, either in writing or verbal, provincial People’s Committee, or lodge an administrative case with the City/District People’s Court for resolution. The provincial PC will have 45 days to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all the concerned. The provincial PC secretariat is also responsible for registering all complaints that are submitted. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish

Final Stage - Courts of After 45 days following the submission of the complaint at provincial PC,

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Environmental and Social Management PlanSubproject: Improvement and expansion of 1.4 km of National Highway 2 at the section from Km 284+600 to Km 285+600 in Ha Giang provinceLaw: if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the provincial PC, or if PAP is

not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, PAP may take the case to a Courts of Law for adjudication. Decision by the court will be the final decision.Decision on solving the complaints must be sent to the aggrieved PAPs and concerned parties, and must be posted at the office of the People’s Committee where the complaint is solved. After 3 days, the decision/result on resolution must be made available at ward level and after 7 days at the city/district level.

GRM for Workers: The subproject workers (all three categories, direct workers, contracted workers and primary supply workers) can directly register their complaints with the GRM for workers. The members of this GRM will be trained to be capable to address grievances by workers, including workplace complaints in an efficient and effective manner to meet national regulations on labors and World Bank.

Complainants GRM Functions Timeframe

Workers or labor association will submit their grievance to the GRM for Workers through one of the channels

Refer workers related complaints to the Workers GRM.

Registration, classification and analysis of grievances.

Convene the GRM for workers meeting to analyze and resolve the complaint.

Provide written response to the complainant/contractor.

Provide guidance with recommendations to the contractor to improve working condition/labor management issues.

10 days

The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB-financed subproject may submit complaints to the available subproject-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS will ensure that complaints received are promptly reviewed to address subproject-related concerns. The affected communities and individuals of the subproject may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel that will determine whether harms occurred, or can occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at anytime after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and the Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspection Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org .

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CHAPTER 5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

The World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01 requires consultation, informing affected people and local authorities about environmental and social issues in the subproject preparation process. The public consultation of the ESMP report must also comply with the requirements of Decree 18/2015 / ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 and Decree No. 40/2019 / TT-BTNMT dated 13 May, 2019 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan.

The public consultation is conducted with the aim of: (i) sharing information about the proposed subproject items and expected activities of the subproject with the community and stakeholders in the subproject area; and (ii) Collecting comments and concerns about local specificity and environmental sensitive issues in the subproject area from the authorities and local communities. On that basis, the concerns of the community can be proposed in the Socio-Environmental Management Plan report and subproject solutions.

5.1. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

5.1.1. Consultation with CPC/WPC

Consultation with People's Committees of wards / communes was conducted on October 24, 2020, including the following main contents:

- Introduction of the overview of the subproject, the investment items of the subproject, identification of residential group in the subproject area.

- Introduction to the World Bank's safeguard policies on environment and resettlement.

- Current status of environmental sanitation of works in wards and outstanding issues.

- Community contribution solutions to limit environmental impacts during the subproject construction.

- Comments for the construction of the subproject.

5.1.2. Public consultation result

Community consultation was carried out at People's Committees of wards / communes in the subproject area. Time, content and results of consultation are presented in the following table:

Table 51: Number of people attending community consultation meetings in communes / wards

No. CPC Consultation time Number of participants

1 Phuong Thien commune 24/10/2020 19

2 Dao Duc commune 24/10/2020 Because the influence area at the Dao Duc communal location is only within about 200m, all of the hilly land is managed by the Commune People's Committee, there are no households in the affected area, so only conducting consultation meetings with leaders and other unions of the People's Committee

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No. CPC Consultation time Number of participants

of Dao Duc commune.

The entire agenda of the public consultation meeting was fully and carefully recorded by the secretary in the meeting minutes. Minutes of the consultation meeting with certification (signed and stamped) by representatives of the participating parties: CPC, Subproject Owner, Consultant and the list (signed) of participating households. Copies of the public consultation meeting minutes are attached in detail in the Appendix of the report.

5.1.3. Opinion of the Communal People's Committee and the organization directly affected by the subproject

Some opinions of the Commune People's Committee are summarized as follows

- Propose the Subproject Owner in the process of implementing the subproject to fully implement measures to minimize the negative impacts of the subproject on the natural environment, socio-economy and public health.

- Propose the Subproject Owner to publicly post the progress and social and environmental management plan of the subproject for local authorities and people to monitor and supervise.

- Fully implement and handle the compensation and site clearance for the people in accordance with the law and compensate for people satisfactorily. Create jobs for people during the construction process.

- Seriously take measures to minimize negative impacts on the environment caused by the subproject during the construction process. The focus is on not polluting the air, not harming the local surface water, groundwater and land, preventing conflicts between workers and local people.

- Hope that the subproject will be soon implemented at the same time with the green urban subproject to close the road, synchronize infrastructure and increase circulation capacity in the region, creating momentum for economic development, step by step completing the provincial transportation development planning in general and the commune's traffic convenience in particular.

- Seriously deal with the risks and environmental incidents and closely coordinate with the locality to manage, monitor and solve problems arising in the process of subproject construction;

- During the construction and operation phase of the subproject, if it affects the life, agriculture, forestry, and health of the community in the subproject area, the subproject owner must take measures to compensate for people;

- Regularly contact the local authorities to solve difficult problems (if any).

5.1.4. Opinions of community representatives directly affected by the subproject

Opinions of community on the route NH2 - section of Ha Giang province are as follows

- People support the implementation of the subproject. When designing, it should be noted that there is a 220k electric pole on the positive slope, if the positive slope side is to be extended, some of these poles will be relocated.

- Subproject owner and contractor should pay attention to geology in the area which easily occur subsidence, annual landslide, and measures need to be proposed to ensure safety for people living along the road;

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- Ensuring traffic regulation and traffic safety on the route during construction is very important, as this is the gateway to Ha Giang city;

- Dust, noise and vibration during construction are unavoidable. During the construction of the subproject, it is recommended that the Investor and the construction unit should comply with measures to minimize environmental pollution, coordinate closely with local authorities to promptly handle incidents and conflicts. In general, the environmental and social impacts of the subproject are negligible because the subproject area is not a densely populated area.

- It is necessary to design the subproject in sync with the general planning of the city.

- It is noted that traffic safety must be ensured during construction and it needs to assign staff to regulate the works 24/24

- The people agree with the policy of subproject construction and expect the subproject to start construction soon

- The current status of positive slope is very steep and this place often happens landslide when heavy rains, causing traffic congestion to the city. Therefore, it needs to carefully calculate the slope and must take measures to ensure safety in the future. Will the landslide happen again in the future after the road is designed?

- The subproject needs to calculate and arrange the road to the forest so that people can work in the forest conveniently.

- In the process of construction, the contractor and the subproject management board should comply with measures to minimize environmental and social impacts as presented by the consultant.

- When the subproject is under construction, it is expected that the subproject will give priority to recruiting local labor.

5.1.5. Feedback and commitment of the subproject owner on the proposal, recommendation, requirement of the consulted agencies, organizations and community

The subproject owner records all comments and suggestions at the meeting with the community of the communes and commits to fulfill the requirements such as:

- The subproject owner commits to coordinate with the consulting unit and local leaders to compensate affected households;

- The subproject owner will request the contractor to apply the successive construction method to not prolong and not to have potholes on the route.

- The subproject will focus on construction of bridges and culverts to ensure drainage in the area;

- It should ensure that construction will not affect the water source of households. It will pay attention to the local branch roads. The secretary and the village leader will be contacted to get opinions before starting the construction

- Regarding compensation and site clearance: The subproject owner commits to have the most optimal mitigation measures for households directly affected by the subproject and will establish a site clearance council to determine the impacts of the subproject on the people.

- During the construction process, the subproject owner commits to install signals and warning lights to inform people participating in the traffic.

- The subproject owner commits to pay attention to local irrigation systems and clean

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water supply systems; research on the best minimization measures to not affect the existing irrigation works.

- Subproject owner and contractor will pay attention to the route sections at risk of landslide to carry out appropriate reinforcement works to ensure safety.

- The subproject owner will request the contractor to conduct temporary residence registration for workers during the construction, take measures to ensure safety, security and order at the construction site.

- Subproject owner commits to compensate and repair any damage caused by the subproject implementation.

- The subproject owner and the contractor will give priority to recruiting local workers for the subproject's work.

- The subproject owner will seriously implement the environmental safeguard measures as presented in the ESMP report.

Some pictures of community consultation in Dao Duc commune - Vi Xuyen district and Phuong Thien - Ha Giang city

Community consultation photos in Phuong Thien commune - Ha Giang city

5.2. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

The first draft ESMP, in Vietnamese were disclosed locally at the wards/communes within the subproject area and the PMU3 in October, 2020 for public consultation. Based on the contents of ESMP, local people can get information of the subproject and contribute their opinions/comments on environmental issues. The final ESMP both in the local language and English was disclosed locally at the subproject sites and at the World Bank’s external website on December 18, 2020.

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subproject introduction and description · web viewenvironmental and social management plan...

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