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Subject Index
AActive hexose correlated compound
(AHCC), 412Activity management, 381–382Acupuncture treatment, 385–386
for gastric cancer, 129–130point injection, 179
vitamin K3 for, 178prescription one
QImen points, 179Sanyinjiao points, 179Yanglingquen points, 179Zhangmen points, 179Zusanli point, 179
prescription twoAshi points, 179Baihui points, 179Ganyu points, 179Mingmen points, 179Neiguan points, 179Sanyinjiao points, 179Shenyu points, 179
YangLing points withChinese traditional medicines
injections, 178Zi wu liu zhu principle, 178
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 69Acute myeloblastic leukemia, 52Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 67Acute nephrotoxicity, 408
Acute pro-myelocytic leukemia(APML), 67
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)infusion, 374
Adjuvant Navelbine InternationalTrialist Association(ANITA)
trials, 10, 12Adriamycin, 52Adverse drug reaction (ADR)
reporting systems, 459Agosterol A steroids structure, 623Aitong powder, 177Ajoene, 466
See also GarlicAllicin, 466
See also GarlicAllium sativum, see GarlicAmerican Joint Commission on
Cancertumor/node/metastasis schema, 5
9-Aminocamptothecin, 404AML, see Acute myeloid leukemia
(AML)Amrita, see Tinospora glabraAnacarcin Forte, 53Anacardiflavanone, 50Anatomic segmentectomy, 8
See alsoNon-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)
M. Alaoui-Jamali (ed.), Alternative and Complementary Therapiesfor Cancer, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0020-3,� Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2010
693
Androgen receptor (AR)abiraterone acetate and novel
antiandrogens, 676antiandrogens, 677AR LBD
crystal structures of, 677domains and, 676
C-terminal helix-12 (H12), 674DBD, 673HRPC, 677and LBD, 673–674mutations in AR genes, 676NTD containing AF-1, 673signaling, 673studies, 674
Angelica dahuricaextract
for upper respiratory tract, 474for viral and bacterial
infections, 474Angong Huangti pills, 176ANITA, see Adjuvant Navelbine
International TrialistAssociation (ANITA)
Anti angiogenesis therapy, 15agents, 7
Anticancer agents, 411Antimetabolites, DNA poisons, 6Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, 7APML, see Acute pro-myelocytic
leukemia (APML)Ar-Curcumene, 58Aroma therapy, 386Ashwagandha, see Withania
somnifera L.Auricular acupuncture, 129Avastin, see BevacizumabAyurvedic medicine, 25, 405
art–science of healthCharak Samhita, 35Sushrut Samhita, 35Vaata, Pitta and Kapha, 35Vedic, 35
camptothecin, 33in cancer management, 34case records, 63–65
energy level, 66–67patient condition, 66
Centella asiatica, 34Crocus sativus, 34in de novo cases of acute
premyelocytic leukemia,68–69
diseasesAgnikarma, 37Apachi, 36Apunarbhav chikitsa, 37Arbud, 36dietary advice and avoidance,
37Galganda, 36Granthi, 36Gulma, 37Ksharkarma, 37lesions, 37marma, 37multiplicity or recurrence of
tumors, 37shodhan and shaman, 37Vidradhi, 37
Eclipta alba, 34etoposide, 33Lippia nodiflora, 34management, drugs used
Basant Malti, 68Kamadudha, 68Navjeevan, 68Valipani, 68
medicinal plants/formulationsfor cancer therapy, 35
Papaverum somniferum, 34physician, dilemma and
approach, 38podophyllotoxin, 33Pongamia pinnata, 34Poorva–Karma in cancer, 34prescription for management of
cancer, 34principles of
asthi and majja, 36Dhatus, 36mamsa and meda, 36
694 Subject Index
mind–body relationship, 36rasa and rakta, 36shukra, 36
scientific basis for, 33Shorea robusta, 34taxol, 33vinca alkaloids, 33
BBai Zhi formulation, 219Benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH)treatment with
African potato, 470–471Pygeum, 470–471rye pollen, 470Saw palmetto, 470stinging nettle, 470–471
Bevacizumabfor metastatic cancers, 7
Bhilwanol A, see Catechol IBhrigu-Samhita, 32Bicalutamide, 676Biflavanones, 50Bingdong zhidi mixture, 175Bing Pian, 214
formulation for pain, 199liquor, 178
Bioactive moleculesfrom natural sources
bioactivity-directedfractionation, 677
compound selection, 678function-oriented synthesis, 679nine ginsenosides detection, 678Panax ginseng study, 678QCAR, 677–678TCM, 678virtual screening in, 678
Biological Diversity Act (2002), 538Bioterrorism Act, 407Bisdemethoxycurcumin, 58Black cohosh, 406, 408, 412Bladder cancer
etiology and pathogenesisheat evil damage, 320
Qi and blood stagnate, 320Qi deficiency, 320
and primarymalignant tumor, 319syndrome differentiation and
treatment, 320blood stasis obstruction
internally, 325–326excessive heat, 322–323heat accumulation in lung,
321–322kidney deficiency, 329–331liver depression and Qi
stagnation, 323–325spleen and stomach deficiency,
326–327unconsolidated kidney Qi,
327–329TCM formulations
Chan Chu, 349dietary therapy, 349Er Xian Tang, 336Fu Fang Er Ji Tang, 342–343Fu Fang Shan Zhi Tang,
347–348Jia Wei Wu Ling San, 341–342Jie Du Li Shi Tang, 337Lian Ji Di Huang Tang,
348–349Long She Yang Quan Tang,
335Mi Ren Chi Dou Tang, 338Qiang She Tang, 341Sang She Tangh, 340San Jin Tang, 336–337Xin Dan Pang Guang Tang,
338–340Ya Zao FengMiWan, 335–336Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 1,
343–344Zhi PangGuangAi Fang 2, 344Zhi PangGuangAi Fang 3, 345Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 4,
346treatment of complications
infection, 333outlet obstruction, 334
Subject Index 695
Bladder cancer (cont.)uremia, 331–333
types of, 320Blood syndrome, 175
See also Liver cancerBortezomib
for multiple myeloma, 7Botanical product, 403
CDER’s botanical review team, 406See also Herbal products
BPH, see Benign prostatichyperplasia (BPH)
Brain cancerwith astrocytoma and
glioblastoma, 351integration of TCM with
conventional therapies,364
Bai Hua She She Cao, 365Bai Jiang Can, 365Bai Jiang Cao, 365Ban Xia, 365Ban Zhi Lian, 365Chuan Bei Mu, 365Chuan Xiong, 365Ci Ji Li, 365Da Huang Pian, 365Dang Gui, 365Di Long, 365Fang Feng, 365Fu Ling, 365Gan Cao, 365Hai Fu Shi, 365He Shou Wu, 365Jin Qian Cao, 365Jin Yin Hua, 365Kun Bu, 365Men Shi Gun Tan Wan, 365Mu Xiang, 365Pu Gong Ying, 365Quan Xie, 365San Qi Fen, 365Shan Ci Gu, 365Sheng Di, 365Shou Gong, 365Tian Ma, 365
Tian Zhu Huang, 365Tu Fu Ling, 365Wu Gong, 365Xiao Yao Wan, 365Ye Ju Hua, 365Ye Ming Sha, 365Yun Nan Bai Yao, 365
syndrome differentiation andtreatment
Bai Jiang Can, 352Bai Jie Zi, 352Ban Xia, 352Bing Qiu Zi, 352Chi Shao Yao, 352Chuan Xiong, 352Dang Gui, 352Dan Shen, 352excessive heat in liver and
gallbladder, 358–359E zhu, 352Hai Zao, 352Huang Yao Zi, 352internal obstruction of
dampness andphlegm, 356–358
Kun Bu, 352liver and kidney Yin
deficiency, 355–356liver deficiency, 359–361Mu Li, 352Nan Xing, 352Qi and blood stagnation,
353–354San Leng, 352Shi Chang Pu, 352Shui Hong Hua Zi, 352spleen and kidney Yang
deficiency, 354–355Xiang Bei Mu, 352Yuan Zhi, 352
TCM formulationsNao Liu Xiao Fang,
362–363Nao Liu Yi Hao Fang,
363–364Nao Liu Yi Hao Fang 2, 364
696 Subject Index
sticky paste for externalapplication, 363
Xiao Liu Tang, 361Yi Qi Hua Tan San, 361–362
treatment of complicationscentral fever, 366–367intracranial hypertension, 366
Yang channels, 351Brain metastasis, 8Breast cancer, 52
anthracyclines, 7carboplatin and paclitaxel, 7diet therapy
Ju He RuMoMi Yin, 218–219Pu Gong Ying Yuan Hu Yin,
219–220Zao Jiao Ci Ju Pi Mi Yin,
221–222endocrine therapy of Chinese
medicineEr Zhi Wan, 218Huang Jing, 218Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, 218Lu Jiao Fen, 218Nu Zhen Zi, 218Xian Lin Pi, 218Xian Mao, 218
etiology and pathogenesis fromTCM perspective
anxiety, 207Chong Channel, 207Fu Ke Xin Fa Yao Jue, 207Ge Zhi Yu Lun, 207Ren Channel, 207worry and depression, 207Yi Zong Jin Jian, 207
historical perspectiveJiaoZhuFuRenLiangFang, 206
syndrome differentiation andtreatment principle
accumulated phlegm-heattoxin, 208
accumulation of blood stasisand toxin, 210–211
dual deficiency of Qi andblood, 211
entwinement and obstructionof phlegm and Qi,209–210
liver depression and Qistagnation, 209
phlegm-dampness, 208Qi and blood insufficiency, 208Qi deficiency, 208root pathogenesis, 208soothe liver and regulate Qi,
207spleen deficiency, 208surgery-based combination
therapy, 208Yang deficiency, 208zang-fu viscera, 208
TCM for radiotherapy andchemotherapy sideeffects
dermatitis, 217esophagitis, 216internal heat, Yin deficiency,
215pneumonia, 215–216Qi and Yin injury, 215stomatitis, 217–218
TCM formulations for, 206treatment of complications, 211
Bai Hua She SheCao, 212
Ban Zhi Lian, 212breast ulcers, 213–214Bu Gu Zhi, 212cancer pain, 214Chen Pi, 212Chuan Jian Zi, 212Chuan Xin Lian, 212Jin Gang Ci, 212Nu Zhen Zi, 212Pu Gong Ying, 212Qing Pi, 212Sang Zhi, 212upper extremity swelling,
212–213Yan Hu Suo, 212Yi Yi Ren, 212
Subject Index 697
Breast cancer (cont.)worldwide incidence
of, 205Breathing exercises, 379Burning pain, 159BuZhong Yi Qi Tang formulation, 286
CCAM, see Complementary and
alternative medicine(CAM)
Camptosar1, see Irinotecan/CPT-11Canadian Intellectual Property Office
(CIPO),530Canadian Patent Act, 549–550Cancer-related fatigue (CRF)
concomitant factors of, 372–373conventional treatments, 373integrative therapies, 373
biologically based practices,374–377
energy-based treatments,383–384
manipulative and body-basedpractices, 382–383
mind–body medicinetreatments, 377–382
whole medical systems,385–386
physiology of, 372prevalence of problem of, 371–372
Cancerspain, CAM for, 394–395
books reviewing effectivenessof, 397
Cochrane reviews, 396evidence of, 397–398systematic reviews, 396–397
socioeconomic impact of, 4staging system for, 5See also Specific cancers
Capecitabine, see Antimetabolites,DNA poisons
Carboplatin, DNA poisons, 6and paclitaxel adjuvant
chemotherapy, 10
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), 192Catechol I, 50CDK2, seeCyclin-dependent kinase 2
(CDK2)CEA, see Carcinoembryonic antigen
(CEA)Celastrol, 412Cell signalling and diseases
protein-protein interactions in, 646bioactive natural products, 653DOS, case for, 660FAK, 647–652and GRAF, 647HDAC, 660–662human diseases, 647identification of, 652–655new technologies to screen for,
655–660protein kinase C (PKC), 648and role of naturally derived
molecules, 652trichostatin-A (TSA), 661
Center for Drug Evaluation andResearch (CDER), 404
Cephalostatin 1 steroids, 624Certonardoa semiregularis, 623Cervical epithelial carcinoma, 52Cetuximab for colon cancer, 7Chai Hu Shu Gan San formulations,
246Chan Su formulation for pain, 198Chan SuGao Chinese medicinals, 150
formulation for pain, 198Chemotherapeutic drugs
microtubular inhibitors, 6timeline of, 17
Chen Pi formulation, 221Chlorofusin, 652Chronic illness therapy–fatigue
functional assessmentfatigue subscale, 376questionnaire, 379yoga intervention, 379
Chronic myeloblastic leukemia, 52Chronic myelogenous leukemia
(CML) treatment, 685
698 Subject Index
Chuan Lian Zi formulation, 2191,8 Cineole, 58Cisplatin, DNA poisons, 6
containing combination doubletsfor NSCLC, 7
Clyste, 151CML, see Chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML)Coenzyme Q10, 376–377Cognitive behavioral therapies
(CBT), 381–382Colorectal cancer
etiology and pathogenesis, 136formulations and recipes
Bai She Feng Wei Tang, 144Chan Pi Wu Gong Jian,
144–145Jia Wei Si Ni Tang, 148–149Jia Wei Zhi Shu Wan, 148Leng E Jiang Teng Yin, 146Long ShuWeng Lian Tang, 145Qing Chang Jie Du Tang,
142–143Qing Chang Xiao Zhong Tang,
143–144Qing Xue Ran Jian Tang, 147Shen Ling Shu Jiang Tang,
149–150Xin Jia Xie Xin Tang, 146–147
5-FU, 7in geographical distribution, 135leucovorin and irinotecan, 7syndrome differentiation
dual deficiency of Qi andblood, 139–140
internal accumulation ofdampness heat,136–137
internal binding of blood stasisand toxin, 137–138
liver and kidney Yindeficiency, 141–142
spleen and kidney Yangdeficiency, 140–141
spleen deficiency and dampnessobstruction, 138–139
treatment of complicationsascites, 150–151colon obstruction by tumor
mass, 151colon perforation, 152pain, 150
Community Plant Variety Rights(CVPR), 536
Complementary and alternativemedicine (CAM), 374, 393,396, 398, 424
approaches for cancer, 31drug discovery and development,
32in hemato-oncology
approach, 67modalities, 393–394
evaluated for cancer pain, 398risk management issues, 5144 Ts, professional decision-
making, 514Computed axial tomography
(CAT), 4Concurrent syndromes
with advanced cancer,treatment of
blood syndrome, 175hepatic encephalopathy, 176jaundice, 175
See also Liver cancerContaminants, 407Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD), 537CPT-11, 404CRF, see Cancer-related fatigue
(CRF)Curcuma longa L.
ayurvedic properties ofAnuloman, 57Doshaghnata, 57Guna, 57Hikkanigrahana, 57Kushthaghna, 57Pittarsarak, 57Rasa, 57Ruchivardhaka, 57
Subject Index 699
Curcuma longa (cont.)Shwashara, 57Verya, 57Vipak, 57Vishagna, 57
biological activityantioxidant nature, 61apoptosis in cancer cell
lines, 61carrangeein-induced oedema, 60chronic inflammation, 60COX2 in human colon tumour
cell line, 61downregulation of
transcriptionfactors, 61
free radical scavengingactivity, 61
inhibition of lipidperoxidation, 61
ROS and JNK pathway, 61TNF-a-induced AKT
activation, 61as cancer remedy, 58carminative for diarrhea, 58clinical studies
alcoholic extract with, 63experimental data, 63external cancerous lesions, 62modalities of treatment, 63tolerability, 63
formulations, 60household spice and herb in
India, 57Krimighna, 58for liver problems and jaundice, 58Mootrasangrahaniya, 58Mootraviranjaniya, 58phytoconstituents
bisdemethoxycurcumin, 58curcuminoids, 58demethoxycurcumin, 58diarylheptanoids, 58hexahydrocurcumin, 58hexahydrocurcuminol, 58and metabolites, 59
sesquiterpenes, 58tetrahydrocurcumin, 58
rhizomes of, 57toxicity
low oral bioavailability, 61solubility in water, 61
used as tonic, 58for wound healing, 58
Curcuminoids, 58Cutaneous lymphoma, 7Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2),
659–660Cyclophosphamide, DNA poisons, 6Cytarabine (Ara C) structures, 614Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes,
451, 586–587activity, 457drug conjugation, 457functions, 453monooxygenases, 569subfamilies and substrates, 454–457
Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, 6
DDachaihu decoction, 175Dang Gui Long Huai Tang
formulations, 246Defensive Qi, 26Demethoxycurcumin, 58Dermatitis, 217DHT, see Dihydro-testosterone
(DHT)Diarylheptanoids, 58Didemnin B, 626
structures of, 627Dienepentadecyl catechol II, 50Dietary supplements, 403Di Huang Wan formulation, 286Dihydro-testosterone
(DHT), 680Distended pain, 159Distress, 383Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS),
660DMBA-induced papilloma, 42Docetaxel, 6
700 Subject Index
DOS, seeDiversity-oriented synthesis(DOS)
‘‘Dysphagia’’, 85
EEchinacea, sunflower plant family, 410
components ofbutylamides and polyines, 467polyenes and volatile oils, 467polysaccharides and
flavonoids, 467CYP activity, impact on, 467drug efflux transporters, 468Echinacea purpurea
preparations, 467oral bioavailability of Midazolam
after intake, 468Ecteinascidin 743
clinical trials with, 621EGFR, see Epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR)Endocrine therapy of Chinese
medicineEr Zhi Wan, 218Huang Jing, 218Liu Wei Di Huang Wan, 218Lu Jiao Fen, 218Nu Zhen Zi, 218Xian Lin Pi, 218Xian Mao, 218
Endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography(ERCP), 191
Energybased treatments, 383conservation, 381–382
EORTC, see European Organizationfor Research andTreatment of Cancer(EORTC)
Ephedra speciesused in traditional medicine,
472–473Epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR), 5anti-EGFRmonoclonal antibody, 7
EGFR-TKI gefitinib, 14EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 7somatic mutations in tyrosine
kinase domain, 15Erbitux, see CetuximabERCP, see Endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)
Erlotinib, see TarcevaEsophageal cancer
clinical manifestations, 85esophageal obstruction
Bai Xia Kai Dao Tang, 96–97Ban Xia Xie Xing Tang, 97Kai Guan San, 97–98
etiology and pathogenesisendogenous and exogenous
factors, 86incidence of, 85syndrome differentiation and
treatment, 86damage of Yin by heat toxin,
90–91entwinement of phlegm and
Qi, 88–89kidney Yang insufficiency,
93–94liver Qi stagnation, 87–88obstruction of phlegm and
blood stasis, 89–90spleen and stomach deficiency,
92–93treatment of complications
cancerous pain, 94–96used formulations
Dong Ling Cao, 103ErChen Xuan Fu Tang, 101–102Hai Zao Mu Li Tang, 102–103Jian Pi Zi Shen Tang, 99Kun Bei Wan, 98Ling Xian Er Cao Tang, 98–99Shuang Ren San, 103ShunQiRuan JianTang, 99–100Tong You Tang, 101Zeng Ye Hua Tan Wan,
100–101
Subject Index 701
Esophagitis, 216Essence and Qi, theories, 26
See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)
Etopophos1, see EtoposideEtoposide, 6, 425
See also Topoisomeraseinhibitors, DNApoisons
European Organization for Researchand Treatment of Cancer(EORTC), 12
European Patent Office (EPO), 530Excision repair
crosscomplementationgroup 1 (ERCC1), 11
E Zhu formulation for pain, 199
FFAK, see Focal adhesion kinase
(FAK)Fas-associated death domain protein
(FADD), 568Fat Qi, 26Fire syndrome, 164Five elements theories, 26
See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)
Flavonoids, 53, 583in cancer prevention, 589
animal models, 591–592antiangiogenic properties, 598antimitotic effects, 593–594apoptotic effects, 594cell signaling, 596–597combination with cancer
treatments, 599–600differentiation, 594–595EGCG and GRP78, 596epidemiological studies, 593in humans, 592–593MAP kinase, 597multidrug resistance,
595–596ovarian cancer, 593topoisomerase inhibition, 595
vascular disrupting agents,598–599
in vitro antimutagenicity,590–591
chemical structures of, 584C heterocycle, 585fruits and vegetables, 585
classes, 585CYP metabolism, 586–587daily consumption of, 584effect on hormone-dependent
cancersfisetin, 597genistein, 597
inasmuch, 584mechanisms of, 590pharmacological activities
antiallergic, 588antibacterial activity, 589anti-inflammatory, 588–589antioxidant, 587–588antiulcer, 589antiviral activity, 589cardiovascular diseases, 587hepatoprotection, 588vascular protection, 588
structures of, 586toxicity, 600
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)C-terminal domain, 647intracellular signalling pathways,
649molecular dissection of, 648
and breast cancer, 651–652CHO cell migration, 650focal adhesion complex,
651–652prostate cancer cell migration,
650Foot soak, 386Fu Rong Ze Lan Gao formulation,
214
GGalluflavanone, 50Ganluxiaodu pill, 175
702 Subject Index
Ganmai Dazao decoction, 176Gan Shu (BL 18) acupoints, 129Garlic, 410–411
antiplatelet effect of, 467blood pressure, effect on, 466constituents of
sulfur-containing molecules, 466drug metabolism and, 466–467hypercholesterolemia, 466saquinavir and garlic extract
coadministration, 467Gastric cancer
role of acupuncture therapy intreatment of, 129–130
Gefitinib, 14Gemcitabine, 6
See also Antimetabolites, DNApoisons
Genitourinary cancer, 408Giloy, see Tinospora glabraGinkgo, 406, 409
contentsflavonoids and terpenoids, 465glycosides, 465
and drug interaction, 465and efficacy of CYP 2C19
substrates, 465formulations
age-related maculardegeneration, 464
antiedemic and antihypoxic, 464antioxidant and antiplatelet, 464asthma and vertigo tinnitus, 464dementia and Alzheimer’s
disease, 464diuretic, 464impotence and erectile
dysfunction, 464multi-infarct dementia, 464neurotransmitter activity, 465regulation of angiogenesis, 465
for lymphedema, 414See also Herbal products
Ginkgo biloba, see GinkgoGinseng, 377
from Araliaceae plant family, 468
cAMP phosphodiesteraseactivity, 469
components ofginsenosides and elutherosides,
469saponins, 469
medicinal applicationsaphrodisiac and
antidepressant, 468diabetes mellitus, 469diuretic, 469immune response and
cognitive function,468–469
physical performance, 468phytoestrogenic and
anticancer, 469sedative and hypnotic, 468stress and homeostasis, 468
phytoestrogenic effects, 469thromboxane A2 activity, 469
Glutamine, 409Glutathione S-transferases (GST), 451P-Glycoproteins, 411, 451Glycyrrhiza glabra L.
for arthritis and viralinfections, 474
for gastric ulcers, 474Gong Sun (SP4) acupoints, 199Good agricultural practices
(GAP), 406Good handling practices (GHP), 406Good manufacturing practices
(GMP), 407Green tea extract, 404Grossularine
cytotoxic activity of, 615–616structures of, 616
GST, see Glutathione S-transferases(GST)
GTPase regulator associated withFAK (GRAF), 647
Guduchi, see Tinospora glabraGuipo decoction, 175Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan formulations,
246
Subject Index 703
HHDAC, see Histone deacetylases
(HDAC)Healing touch, 383–384Healthcare provider responsibility, 499Heat syndromes, 164Hematuria, 273Hemiasterlin peptides, 628
structures of, 629Hepatic encephalopathy, 176
See also Liver cancerHerbal products, 403
clinical trials, issues andchallenges
CONSORT criteria, 415contaminants, 407dosage issues, 408–409patient recruitment issues, 414product-related, 405–411quality control in
manufacturing, 407study design-related, 411–415toxicity, 407–408
hormonal effect of, 408pharmacokinetic studies, 410to treat precancerous lesions, 413
Herb–drug interactions, 410, 423–424cancer cell targets levels and
angiogenesis regulators, 458antiestrogens activity, 458apoptotic pathway, 458and drug transporters, 458–459membrane receptor-mediated
signalling, 458phosphatases, 458prophytotopestrogenic/
antiestrogenicactivity, 458
proteasomes, 458synergistic/additive effects, 458tamoxifen and letrozole
activity, 458transcriptional regulators, 458
herbal products use by cancerpatients, 426–450
pharmacology involving
concentration–responserelationship, 451
CYP enzymes, 451–457deviations, 451mechanisms of, 452monooxygenases, 453multiple dosing intervals, 451pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamicmonitoring, 451
Herbs as medicineBai Shao, 150, 246Bai Shao Yao, 352–353Bai Zhu, 150, 246Bai Zi, 290Ban Lan Gen, 282Bing Pian, 214Bin Lang, 151Bu Gu Zhi, 289Cheng Qi Tang, 151Chen Pi, 289Che Qian Zi, 151, 246, 255Chi Shao, 152Chuangshanjia, 165Chuan Lian Zi, 290Chuan Shan Jia, 255Chuan Wu, 214Chuan Xiong, 214, 290Chuan Xu Duan, 289, 291Da Huang, 151–152, 255Dang Gui, 255, 283, 290Dan Shen, 283Dong Gua Zi, 152Du Huo, 165, 290Du Zhong, 353E Jiao, 283E Zhu, 246, 255Fang Feng, 290Fo Shou, 289Fu Ling, 151, 246Fu Zi, 151, 246, 289–290Gan Cao, 151, 214Gan Cao Shao, 255Gan Sui, 246Gao ben, 290Ge Gen, 290
704 Subject Index
Gou Ji, 289Gou Qi Zi, 290Gua Lou, 290Gui Yuan Rou, 283Gui Zhi, 150, 246, 290Gu Sui Bu, 289Haifengteng, 165Hong Hua, 152, 255Hong Zao, 283Huang Bai, 151Huang Jing, 283Huang Lian, 282Jiang Huang, 290Jiao San Xian, 289Ji Xue Teng, 283Lian Qiao, 282Liu Yi San, 255Lu Dou Yi, 353Luoshiteng, 165Ma douling, 166Ma Huang, 214Mang Xiao, 151, 255Ma Qian Zi, 291Mo yao, 290Mu Dan Pi, 152Mugua, 165Niu Qi, 255Niu Xi, 291Nu Zhen Zi, 353Pu Gong Ying, 282Qeilingxian, 165Qiang Huo, 290Qing Pi, 214Qinjiao, 165Qin Jiao, 290Rou Cong Rong, 289Rou Gui, 255, 289Ruxiang, 290Sang Zhi, 290San Leng, 255San Qi, 289–290San Qi Fen, 283Sanzhi, 165Shan Dou Gen, 282Shan Zhu Yu, 353Shao Yao, 151
Sha Shen, 283She Gan, 282Sheng Di, 282–283Sheng Di Huang, 255, 352Sheng Huang Qi, 282–283Tan Xiang, 290Tao Ren, 152, 255Tu Si Zi, 289Wang Bu Liu Xing, 290Wei Ling Xian, 290Wu Gong, 289Wu Shao She, 289Xiang Fu, 290Xi Xin, 214, 290Xi Yang Shen, 283XuchangQIn, 165Yin Hua, 282Yin Yang Huo, 289Yuan Shen, 282Yu Jin, 290Ze Xie, 151Zhang Nao, 214Zhe Xie, 246Zhi Qiao, 151, 290Zhi Shi, 151Zhu Ling, 151, 246, 255Zi He Che, 283
Herceptin, see TrastuzumabHexahydrocurcumin, 58Histone deacetylases
(HDAC), 660–661homology model of, 662inhibitors, 7study in, 662
Hong Hua formulation forpain, 199
Hong Tong plant camptothecin, 174Hormone-refractory prostate cancer
(HRPC), 671–672HRPC, see Hormone-refractory
prostate cancer (HRPC)Huangbo for lower-jiao heat, 165Huanglian for gastrointestinal
heat, 165HuangQin, 165
for upper-jiao lung heat, 164–165
Subject Index 705
Human umbilical vein epithelial cells(HUVEC), 42
Hu Yin Jin Qu Tang formulation, 199Hycamtin1, see TopotecanHydroxyflutamide, 676Hypnosis, 378
IIALT, see International Adjuvant
Lung Cancer TrialCollaboratory Group(IALT)
Ifosfamide, DNA poisons, 6Imatinib, 411Immumod1, 46, 48Immunopurification coupled to mass
spectrometry (IP-HTMS),652
isolated proteins, 654peptide mixtures, 654
IndiaAyurveda
herbs and natural products, 32Indian ginseng, 38plants and, 33
history of cancer in CAMAgastya Nadi, 34Arbuda, 34Ashwagandharishta, 33Atharva Veda, 34ayurvedic taxonomy, 34Bhrigu-Samhita, 32doshas and dhatus, 34granthi and gulma, 34Heerak Bhasma, 33sushruta, 34Vasant Kusumkar Rasa, 33Withania somnifera, 33Yogarajguggulu, 33
medicinal plantsguggulu, 32
reverse pharmacology, 32See also Ayurvedic medicine
Indigenous Peoples Rights Act(1997), 539
InspireHeath
cultural valuesauthenticity and integrity, 507open communication, 507personal growth, 508–509self-responsibility, 506–507teamwork, 507
Intellectual property, 529International Adjuvant Lung Cancer
Trial Collaboratory Group(IALT)
trials, 10–11International Union Against Cancer
tumor/node/metastasis schema, 5International Union for Protection of
New Varieties of Plants(UPOV), 537
Invention patents, 531claims, 532–533PCT applications and process,
533–535provisional patent applications, 535See also Patents
Investigational New Drug (IND),406–407
Iressa, see GefitinibIrinotecan, 6–7, 411
See also Topoisomeraseinhibitors, DNApoisons
Irinotecan/CPT-11, 424–425
JJapanese Patent Office (JPO), 530Jaundice
formulationChuan Shan Jia, 200Huo Xue Tong Luo Tang, 200Hu Yin Jin Qu Tang, 199Hu Zhang, 200Jin Qian Cao, 200Shan Zha, 200Shen Qu, 200Yin Chen, 200Zao Jiao Ci, 200
Jeediflavanone, 50Jian and Jie, 165
706 Subject Index
JiaoGan (AH6a) acupoints, 199Jing Ling Zi formulations, 247Jin KeHuai Er Chong Ji formulation,
202Jojoba oil, 386Ju He formulation, 218
KKidney cancer
acupunctureacupoint injection, 307assistant points, 306auricular acupoints, 306–307chief points, 306lumbago, 307
case studies, 309–317chemotherapy and integration of
TCM with, 282clears heat and detoxifies
body, 282nourishes Qi and blood,
282–283nourish liver and kidney,
284–285strengthens spleen and
harmonizesstomach, 283–284
external TCM medicineAi Tong San, 308
incidence of, 271integration of TCM with surgery
Bao Yuan Tang, 280Ba Zhen Tang, 280benefiting Qi and removing
toxin, 281Liu Wei Di Huang Tang, 280metastasis risk, 280Qi and consolidating exterior,
281Shi Quan Da Bu Tang, 280Si Jun Zi Tang, 280spleen and stomach function
regulating, 281Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang
formulation, 281massage, 307–308
nourishing and nursing, diet andafter surgery, 309during chemotherapy, 309for patients with advanced
kidney cancer, 309during radiotherapy, 309before surgery, 308
radiotherapy and TCM, 285syndrome differentiation and
TCM therapeuticapproaches
accumulation and binding ofdampness-heat,275–276
deficiency of liver and kidneyYin, 275
dual deficiency of Qi andblood, 278–279
dual deficiency of spleen andkidney, 273–274
hyperactivity of heart fire,277–278
internal obstruction of bloodstasis, 276–277
linger of evil-toxin after cancerbeing attacked,279–280
syndrome differentiation andtreatment
anemia, 294–295chronic renal failure, 291–292dual deficiency of kidney Yin
and Yang, 286–287,297–298
fever, 299–303kidney deficiency and blood
stasis, 298liver and kidney Yin
deficiency, 296–297Qi and blood deficiency,
287–288Qi and blood stasis, 288–291Qi and Yin deficiency, 292–293spleen and kidney Yang
deficiency, 292,295–296
Subject Index 707
Kidney cancer (cont.)Yin and Yang dual deficiency,
293–294TCM formulation
Bai Hua She She Cao, 304Bai Mao Gen, 304Ban Bian Lian, 303–304Ban Zhi Lian, 304Ba Yue Zha, 305Chi Fu Ling, 304Chi Xiao Dou, 304Da Ji, 304–305Dao Dou, 304Fu Fang Long She Yang Quan
Tang, 304Hai Jin Sha, 304Hei Dou, 303–304Huai Hua Tan, 304Huai Jiao, 303Huang Bai, 304Huang Yao Zi, 304Jin Qian Cao, 303–304, 306Ma Bian Cao, 303Pu Huang Tan, 304Qing Teng, 305Qu Mai, 303, 306Sheng Di, 304Sheng Di Tan, 305Sheng Yi Yi Ren, 303–304Shi Shang Bai, 305Shi Wei, 303Xia Ku Cao, 305Xiao Ji, 304–305Xue Jian Chou, 304–305Ye Pu Tao Gen, 304Yi Yi Ren, 304–305Zhu Ling, 304–305
TCM pathogenesisdeficient and excessive
syndromes, 272–273emaciation and anorexia, 273emotional disorder, 272hematuria, 273improper diet, 272Qi stagnation and blood
stasis, 272
senility and weak bodyconstitution, 272
spleen and liver, 272spleen dysfunction, 272Yin and Yang deficiency, 272
treatment of complicationsbone metastasis, 285–286
LLACE, see Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin
Evaluation (LACE)LBD, see Ligand-binding domain
(LBD)Lectin-standardized mistletoe extract,
375Legal issues, cancer treatment in, 514
access to information, 515–516alternative treatments, use of, 524ascertain risks associated
with, 522category of interest, 515claims
for damages, 519for malpractice, 519, 523for negligence, 519–520, 523
contacted for information, 516cross-border considerations, 519dealing with use of diagnostic
tools, 522–523dissemination of information, 516evolution of science and health
care, 525glass jaw principle, 518–519health care practitioner, to meet
standards, 526informed consent, 521
with full disclosure, 518and insurance company, 524, 527intentional torts, 519–520intervention of homeopathic
remedies, 523issue of confidentiality, 516knowledge of health care, 521media reporting on, 527nonlife-threatening interaction,
518
708 Subject Index
patient and practitioner,relationship of, 515–516,518, 526
proprietary rights, 514questions, 515Reibl vs. Hughes, 521standard of proof, 517statutorily requirement, 521third party pay, 516, 524, 527
Leucovorin, 7Levocarnitine supplement, 375–376Lewis lung carcinoma, 52Lian Ling Ting Li Tang formulation,
200–201Ling gui shu gan decoction, 166Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), 619Liver cancer, 153
concurrent syndromeswith advanced cancer,
treatment of, 175–176ascitis, 161bleeding, 160–161cancerous fever, 162coma, 161–162hypertrophic osteoarthropathy,
162jaundice, 161multiple neuropathy, 162paraneoplastic syndrome, 162thyropathy, 162
medicines used foraddie injection, 173–174arsenious acid injection, 173Baishao, 172Banmao, 172Banzhilian, 172Bayuezha, 172Chuipengcao, 172Dahuang Zhechong pill,
172–173dry Chanpi, 172HCPT, 174huachansu injection, 174HuangQI, 172Huzhang, 172kanglaite, 174
Lianhua tablet, 173Qinggan Xiaotong Pill, 173QIyeyizhihua, 172Sancigu, 172Wugong, 172Xiaoyu Yigan tablet, 173Xuejie, 172
pathogenesis from TCMperspective
blood stasis, 155–156body accumulation of toxin-
heat, 156–157deficiency of vital QI, 157evil factors and healthy energy
in cancer, 157–158phlegm-damp agglomeration,
156QI stagnation, 154–155Yin and Yang concept, 154
TCM-based diagnosis ofbased on signs, 159deficiency syndrome, 160emaciation, 160inflammatory type, 158pain types, 159poor appetite, 159sclerosis type, 158simple type, 158
TCM therapeutics principlesacupuncture treatment,
178–179and/or chemotherapy, 163dietary therapy, 181–182external therapeutic methods,
177–178interventions, 164–166management, 163–164Qigong therapy, 179–180
TCM treatmentsdeficiency of liver and kidney
Yin, 171–172liver heat and blood stasis, 170liver heat and phlegm toxins,
170–171liver stagnancy and kidney
deficiency, 169–170
Subject Index 709
Liver cancer (cont.)QI stagnation and blood stasis,
166–167spleen deficiency and phlegm
stagnancy, 168–169spleen deficiency and QI
stagnation, 167–168Liver toxicity, 408Lobectomy, 8
See also Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)
Longdan Xiegan decoction, 175LTA, see Lipoteichoic acid (LTA)Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation
(LACE), 10Lung cancer
in China, 5current therapy for, 7–8
algorithm, 13combination treatment, 16planning, 11strategy, 12therapeutic plateau, 14treatment paradigm for, 9trials, 10, 15
in developed world, 5in developing countries, 5incidence, 5Lung Cancer Study Group clinical
trial, 8Lycopene, 409Lymphocytes, 383
MMarine bioactive
alkaloids, 614, 619, 621adriamycin, 622with antitumor activity in
clinical trial, 615biological activity, 615b-carbolines, 616ecteinascidin 621, 743a-galactosylceramide, 619grossularine, 615–616KRN-7000, 619lamellarins, 617–618
LTA, 619MDR, 619ningalin B hexamethyl, 617, 619permethyl storniamide A, 619plakortamines, 616–617Plakortis nigra, 616psammapin A, 619, 621spisula polynyma, 619spisulosine, 619, 621storniamide A, 619–620and trichostatin A, 619, 621
peptidesBEL-7404 human hepatoma
cell line, 630didemnin B, 626–627hemiasterlin, 628–629phakellistatin, 630–631porifera cyclic octapeptides,
630–631scleritodermin A, 628tasipeptins A and B, 626–628treatment with HTI-286,
629–630steroids
agosterol A, 623cephalostatin 1, 624Certonardoa semiregularis, 623dimeric marine-derived,
623–624P-glycoprotein 170, 623plant-derived, 623ritterazine A, 625squalamine, 625–626sterol, 622
Massage therapy, 382–383MCA-induced fibrosarcoma, 42MDR, see Multidrug-resistant
(MDR)Medicinal plants for cancer
therapy, 558active molecules, isolation of,
561–562alkaloids molecular modes of
actionABC-transports, 569–570apoptosome, 568
710 Subject Index
Bcl-2 gene, 569Catharanthus roseus, 568Colchicum, 568CYPs, 569cytotoxic interactions of,
564–566detoxifying enzymes and
proteins, 569DNA, 563, 566–567FADD, 568Huperziaserrata, 569microtubules, 568paclitaxel, 568P-glycoprotein, inhibition, 570ROS, 569Taxus brevifolia, 568telomerase, 567
herbal medicine, 559isolated natural products, use, 562natural products, 560, 562pharmacogenomics
ABC-transporter, 575COMPARE analyses, 571, 573drug efflux/ detoxification
mechanisms, 570and hierarchical cluster
analyses, 571, 574microarray analyses, 575mRNAexpression data for, 573NCI, 571, 573Spearman’s rank correlation
test, 571steric complexity, 561Vinca alkaloids, 560
Melanoma, 4126-Mercaptopurine, chemotherapeutic
drugs, 52Metastatic NSCLC, 7Methotrexate, chemotherapeutic
drugs, 52Metoclopramide, 413Mind–Body Medicine, 377–378Mindfulness-based stress reduction
(MBSR) program, 378Mitochondria-mediated cytochrome
C, 42
Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAP kinase), 597
Mitomycin-C, chemotherapeuticdrugs, 52
Modern cancer therapy, 5modern medicine, 559paradigm of
staging system, 5tumor/node/metastasis
schema, 5ModifiedDaHuangMuDanTang, 152Modified Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang
formulation, 289Mo Yao formulation, 218Multidrug-resistant (MDR)
cancer cell lines, 619Multimodality therapy, 12Multiple myeloma, 7Mutated androgen receptors
mining natural productsantiandrogen compounds, 679,
681AR antagonists, 681compound 13, binding mode,
684–685Cryptomeria japonica, 680curcumin and b-ionone,
design, 683DHT, 680diterpenes 1–3, 679human epidemiological and
animal studies, 682indole-3-carbinol, 680luciferase reporter assays, 683molecular modeling and
structure-based drugdesign, 680
Piper cubeba L. seeds, 680structural models of AR LBD,
681–682troplone-related compound, 680
NNallaflavanone, 50National Biodiversity Authority
(NBA), 538
Subject Index 711
National Cancer Institute (NCI), 571National Center for Complementary
and Alternative Medicine(NCCAM), 374
Natural killer cells, 383Nausea, 383Neiguan (PC6) acupoints, 150Nei Guan (PC6) acupoints, 247Nonpharmacological management, 381Non-physical healing environment
practioner/patient interactions, 505staff interactions, 506
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)cisplatin-containing combination
doublets for, 7treatment paradigm for, 9treatment strategy for
algorithm, 13anatomic segmentectomy, 8antiangiogenesis therapy, 15bevacizumab with carboplatin
+ paclitaxel, 15–16CALGB 9633 clinical trial, 10carboplatin/paclitaxel
adjuvantchemotherapy, 10
chemoradiotherapy, 13chemotherapeutic drug,
timeline of, 17clinical and pathologic TNM
stages, 8cytotoxic standard
chemotherapy, 15DNA repair ERCC1, 11EGFR-TKI + chemotherapy
studies, 14EGFR-TKI gefitinib, 14–15lobectomy, 8Lung Cancer Study Group
clinical trial, 8meta-analysis, 10multimodality therapy, 12platinum-based doublets
palliativechemotherapy, 14
pneumonectomy, 8, 12–13
PORT trials, 12p53 protein expression and, 11SEER database, 12stages and planning, 11–13surgical results, 10survivals for, 8therapeutic plateau, 14thoracic lymphadenectomy, 8thoracic radiotherapy, 10, 12trials, 10trimodality therapy, 13UFT use, 10–11
Noval protein-protein interactions,identification
BRET and FRET, 654IP-HTMS, 652
peptide mixtures, 654in yeast and human, mapping, 655
NSCLC, see Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)binding to DNA, 42
Nutritive Qi, 26
OOncovin1, see VincristineOuch point, 150, 247Ovarian cancer
history from TCM perspectiveJing Yue Quan Shu, 224Qi reverse and blood retained,
224Zhu Bing Yuan Hou
Lun, 224incidence of, 223syndrome differentiations and
treatmentdampness-heat and toxin
stagnation, 227–228dual deficiency of Qi and
blood, 233–234phlegm-dampness
accumulation andcoagulation, 229–230
Qi stagnation and blood stasis,226–227
712 Subject Index
spleen with Qi deficiency,232–233
Yin deficiency and internalheat, 230–231
Yin deficiency of liver andkidney, 231–232
TCM-based etiology andpathogenesis
improper diet, 225internal injury by seven irregular
emotions, 225Qi stagnation and blood
stasis, 225TCM formulations
Ban Zhi Hua She Tang, 238Chuan Shan Jia San, 234–235Chuan Xin Lian injectable,
241–242Ding Xiang A Wei San, 239Fu Zheng Jie Du San Jie Yin,
238–239Hua Liu Wan, 240Ji Sheng Da Huang Tang,
236–237Qing Rei Xiao Liu Jian,
239–240San Ren Tang, 241Shi Shang Bai injectable, 241Shuang Shi Tang, 236TaoHong SiWu Tang JiaWei,
237–238Tian Hua Feng desiccant, 242Wu Mei Xiao Xia
San, 235TCM treatment and integrative
conventional, 242Ce Bai Ye, 245Chen Pi, 245dual deficiency of Qi and Yin,
244Fu Ling, 245Huai Hua Tan, 245Jiang Ban Xia, 245Lu Gen, 245Mai Men Dong, 245Qi deficiency, 243–244
radiotherapy andchemotherapy, 245
therapeutic effect, 243Yin-deficiency, 244Yi Yi Ren, 245Zhi Qiao, 245Zhu Ling, 245Zhu Ru, 245
treatment of complicationsabdominal pain, 247malignant ascites, 246
Oxaloplatin, DNA poisons, 6Oxidative stress damage, 377
PPaclitaxel, 6, 404, 425
induced neutropenia, 43Panax ginseng, 411Pancreatic cancer, 7
clinical manifestations anddiagnosis in TCM
abdominal CT scans, 191abdominal pains and swelling,
189blood tests, 191–192CEA levels, 192Courvoisier’s sign, 190diarrhea and constipation, 189epigastric discomfort, 189ERCP, 191fatigue and poor appetite, 189fever, 189lumps, 189–190nausea and vomiting, 189seroenzyme tests, 192urine BT-PABA tests, 192waist and back pain, 189weight loss and jaundice,
189–190etiopathogenesis from TCM
perspective, 187–189syndrome differentiation and
treatment in TCMBai Hua She She Cao, 196Bai Mao Teng, 198Bai Xu Cai, 195
Subject Index 713
Pancreatic cancer (cont.)Bai Zhu, 193Ban Bian Lian, 196Ban Xia, 193Ban Zhi Lian, 193Ba Yue Zha, 195Chao Gu Ya, 194, 197Chen Pi, 193Che Qian Zi, 197Chuan Jian Zi, 193Chuan Lian Zi, 195–196Chuansanjia, 198Chuan Shan Jia, 195Da Fu Pi, 194Da Huang, 193–194Danshen and Eshu, 196E Zhu, 193Fu Ling, 193, 198Fu Zi, 197Ge Xia Zhu Yu Tang, 195Gua Lou, 194, 196Huang Jing, 193, 196Huang Qi, 194Hu Zhang, 193–194Ji Nei Jin, 194, 196–197Jin Yin Hua, 196Ji Xue Teng, 198modified Ge Xia Zhu Yu
Tang, 194modified Wu Ling San, 197modified Yi Guan Jian,
195–196modified Yin Chen Hao Tang
formulation,192–193
Mu Xiang, 193–194, 198Pu Huang, 194Qian Niu Zi, 197Qian Shi, 197Qi deficiency and dampness
stagnation, 196Qi stagnation and blood stasis,
193–195Ren Shen, 197San Leng, 194Shen Qu, 193
Shi Jian Chuan, 198Shu Da Huang, 193Shu Di Huang, 197Tai Zi Shen, 196Teng Li Geng, 195Wu Ling Zhi, 194Wu Yao, 195, 198Xian He Cao, 194Yi Guan Jian, 196Yin and Yang deficiencies, 197Yin Chen, 193–194Yin deficiency and toxic
heat, 195Yi Yi Ren, 193, 198Yuan Hu, 193, 195Yu Jin, 193Ze Xie, 198Zexie and Mabiancao, 196Zhe Bei, 195Zhi Gan Cao, 198Zhi Mu, 196Zhi Zi, 193Zhu Ling, 193, 198Zi He Che, 197Zu Ru, 193
TCM formulationsBie Jia Jian Wan, 201–202Da Huang Zhe Chong Wan,
201TCM treatment
historical description, 187knowledge of, 186
TCM treatment complicationsascitis, 200–201jaundice, 199–200pain, 198–199
worldwide incidence of, 185Patents
challengesinterferences (United States),
546–547oppositions/nullity actions, 547re-examinations and reissue,
547–548infringement
Canada, 549–550
714 Subject Index
Europe, 549United States, 548
offices, 530requirements, 539
inventive step/nonobviousness,543–545
novelty, 541–543support in specification and,
545–546types of
plant patent, 535–536sui generis system, 536–539utility/invention, 531–535
Patient–physician relationship, 497environment, 503generalizations, 501–502healing and, 498
paradoxical nature of, 501responsibility for, 499–500supporting environment, 509
healthcare provider responsibility,499
InspireHealth, 504lifestyle recommendations, 502non-physical environment
practioner/patientinteractions, 505
staff interactions, 506physical environment, 505religious teaching
love, compassion andempathy, 498
sympathy and empathy, 500–501Peptides
didemnin B, 626structures of, 627
hemiasterlin, 628structures of, 629
phakellistatin, 630structures of, 631
porifera cyclic octapeptides,630–631
scleritodermin A, 628tasipeptins A and B, 626, 628
structures of, 627
Permethyl storniamideA peptides, 619Phakellistatin peptides, 630
structures of, 631Pharmacovigilance and herbal
productsADR reporting systems, 459African potato, 470benefit and risk associated, 460BPH symptoms, 471–472database, 460dietary nutrients, 475–476Drug Monitoring Program of
WHO, 459Echinacea, sunflower plant
family, 467–468garlic use, 466–467Ginkgo biloba use, 464–466ginseng, 468–469indications, 459manufacturing, 460medicinal herbs susceptible with
drug pharmacology,472–475
nomenclature worldwide, 459Pygeum, 470Saw palmetto, 470stinging nettle, 470St John’s wort, 462–464
a-Phellndrene, 58Phlegm-damp, 156Physical healing environment, 505Pi (CO13) acupoints, 199Piper fatigue scale, 381Piper methysticum
extractanxiolytic and sedative, 473kavalactones, 473
Pishu (BL 20) acupoints, 130Plant Breeder’s Rights for plant
varieties, 536Plant patents, 535–536Plant Variety Protection Act
(PVPA), 536Platinum-based doublets palliative
chemotherapy, 14Pneumonectomy, 8
Subject Index 715
See also Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)
Pneumonia, 215–216Polarity therapy, 384Polyphenon1, 404Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT)
trials, 12p53 protein expression andNSCLC, 11Premetrexate, 6
See also Antimetabolites, DNApoisons
Probiotics, 408Profile of mood states, 377–378,
381, 383Proprietary rights, 514Prostate cancer, 672
androgen ablation, 673etiology and pathogenesis
excessive emotion andstress, 250
phlegm dampness, 250Qi stagnation, 250water and body fluid retention,
250weak constitution, 250Yang Qi, 250
incidence of, 249syndrome differentiation and
treatment, 250dampness heat accumulation,
251–252internal binding of blood
stasis, 252–253kidney Qi deficiency, 253–255
TCM formulations, 267–269Bu Yuan Tiao He Tang,
258–261Jie Re Tong Lin Fang, 257Liu Wei Di Huang Tang,
262–263Long She Piao Xiao Tang, 264Qing Re Tong Lin Fang, 258Shen Qi Xian Rong Tang,
261–262Tu Fu Ling, 265–266
Zhi Qian Lian Xian Ai Fang,264–265
Zhi Tong Fang, 263–264Zhong Jie Fen Cha, 265
treatment of complicationsacupoints stimulation, 256low urinary tract obstruction,
255Prostate-specific antigen (PSA),
672, 677HRPC, 673nonsteroidal antiandrogens used
in, 673Proteasome inhibitor, 7Protein-bound polysaccharide extract
(PSK), 412Protein-protein interactions in
bioactive natural products, 653DOS, case for, 660FAK, 647–652and GRAF, 647HDAC, 660–661
homology model of, 662study in, 662
human diseases, 647identification of, 652–655new technologies for screening,
655–660CDK2, 659–660fragment-based lead discovery,
657functional protein
microarrays,655–656
NMR spectroscopy, 657, 659protein–ligand
crystallography, 659small-molecule microarrays,
656–658X-ray crystallography,
659–660protein kinase C (PKC), 648and role of naturally derived
molecules, 652trichostatin-A (TSA), 661
716 Subject Index
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP-1B), 659
PSA, see Prostate-specific antigen(PSA)
Pu Gong Ying formulation, 219–220
QQCAR, see Quantitative-
composition-activityrelationship (QCAR)
Qigong therapy, 179–180Qi Gui Shan Jia Tang formulation,
213–214Qing Pi formulation, 221Qingre Dihuang decoction, 175Qi Ye Yi Zhi Hua formulation for
pain, 198Quantitative-composition-activity
relationship (QCAR),677–678
RRadiation therapy, 6Randomized controlled trial (RCT),
406Reactive oxygen species (ROS), 569Recognition of Forest Rights
(2006), 538Referred pain, 159Reflexology, 386Reiki treatments, 384Relaxation, 383
and breathing exercise, 379therapy, 381
Renshen Biejia decoction, 176Restorative yoga (RY), 380Ritterazine A steroids structure, 625ROS, see Reactive oxygen species
(ROS)Ru Xiang formulation, 218Ruyi Jinhuang powder, 177
SSalvia miltiorrhiza
extractfor cardiovascular diseases, 474
San Jiao (CO17) acupoints, 199San ren decoction, 166San Yin Jiao (SP6) acupoints, 150,
199, 247, 256Saw palmetto, 470SCLC, see Small cell lung cancer
(SCLC)Scleritodermin A peptides, 628Scorching pain, 159Semecarpus anacardium L.
aflatoxin B1-inducedhepatocellularcarcinoma for, 52
Amura recemosa with, 53ayurvedic properties
Adhman, 49Arsha, 49Grahani, 49karmas with, 49Krumi, 49laghu, snigdha, tikshna and
ushna gunas, 49madhur and kashaya ras, 49madhur vipak, 49for rheumatic diseases and
anticancer activity, 49Snitra, 49ushna veerya, 49Vardhaman Prayog, 49Vran, 49
Bhallatak, 48–49biological activity, 50B-16 melanoma and glioma, 52clinical studies
Anacardin Forte, 53anticancer remedies, 53Vad’s findings, 54–55
cytotoxic effects in human tumourcell lines, 52
formulationsamrit bhallatk avaleha, 50bhallatak ghrutam, 50bhallatak gud, 50bhallatak haritaki, 50bhallatak lepa, 50bhallatak Parpati, 50
Subject Index 717
Semecarpus anacardium L. (cont.)bhallataksav, 50bhallatak tailam, 50narsimha choorna, 50sanjeevani vati, 50shodhan, 50suranvatak, 50
fruit kernel use, 49Glycyrzhiza gabra with, 53Godambi, 49inhibitory activity cyclo-
oxygenases, 53phytochemistry
oil, 50phenolic compounds, 50phyto-constituents of, 51
P-388 lymphocytic leukemia for, 52recommendations and caution
anticancer properties, 56potency and utility of
medicine, 57Sidha medicine, 52toxicity studies
adverse alterations, 56extract administration, 56Tween 80, 56
Semicarpusflavanone, 50Semicatepetin, 50Sesquiterpenes, 58Sheng Chuan Wu formulation for
pain, 198Shen Ji San formulation, 214ShenMen (TF4) acupoints, 199Shen Qi Wan formulation, 286Shen Que (CV 8) acupoints, 130Shihui pulvis, 175Shi pi decoction, 166Silybum marianum
extract for liver damage, 474Sleep
hygiene, 381promotion plan, 381restriction, 381
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)cisplatinum-based combination
chemotherapy, 8
median survival of, 8randomized clinical trials, 8stage I, 8survival rate, 8treatment for
cisplatin/etoposide, 7–8prophylactic cranial radiation, 8
Spider telangiectasia, 160Spisulosine, 619
structures of, 621Squalamine steroids, 626
structures of, 625Steroids
agosterol A, 623structure of, 623
cephalostatin 1, 624P-glycoprotein 170, 623plant-derived, 623ritterazine A, 625
structure of, 625squalamine, 626
structures of, 625sterol, 622
St. John’s wort (SJW), 410–411, 460adverse effects on drug
pharmacology, 463extracts contents
anti-HIV agents, 463anti-inflammatory agents, 463antimicrobial agents, 463cardiovascular drugs, 463central nervous system
agents, 463essential oils, 462flavonoids, 462hypoglycaemic agents, 463immunomodulating agents, 463as inhibitors of CYP enzymes,
462naphtodianthrones, 462oral contraceptives, 463phenolic acids, 462phloroglucinols, 462proton pump inhibitors, 463respiratory system agents, 463statins, 463
718 Subject Index
induction of P-gp drug, 463irinotecan and, 464as oil and tablets, 462as powder and tea infusion, 462taxol and etoposide, 464
Stomach cancercase studies, 203–204dual deficiency of spleen and
kidney, 108etiology and pathogenesis
Qi deficiency, 106stagnated Qi, 107
Fuyang pulse, 106inadequate diet, 107irregular emotion, 108role of acupuncture therapy in
treatment of gastriccancer, 129–130
stress, 108syndrome differentiation and
treatment, 108deficient-type cold in spleen and
stomach, 114–115dual deficiency of Qi and
blood, 116–117entwinement and obstruction
of phlegm and Qi,111–112
liver and stomach, disharmonyof, 109
Qi stagnation and blood stasis,110–111
spleen and stomach Qideficiency, 112–113
stomachYin deficiency, 113–114TCM recipes for
BanXiaXieXin Tang combinedwith Si Jun Zi Tang,124–125
Chai Hu Shu Gan Tangcombined with XiShu Jian, 118
Fu Fang San Si He Ji, 128–129FuZheng JianDu Fang, 125–126Hua Liao Zeng Min Fang,
126–127
Kang Ai Ling, 124Liu Jun Yi Yi Ren Tang,
119–120modified Zhi Pu Liu Jun Zi
Tang, 120–121prognosis, 130–131Sheng Xue Fang, 127–128Sheng Xue Tang Plus and
Minus, 117Tong You Tang, 122–123Yi Qi Fang Du Tang, 121–122Yi Qi Jian Pi Tang, 123–124Yi Qi Zhi E Tang, 125Zhi Wei Ai Fang, 118–119
treatment of complicationsascites, 132dumping syndrome, 132–133gastric outlet obstruction, 132hemorrhage, 131
Stomatitis, 217–218Storniamide A, 619
structures of, 620Stranguria, 319Structure–activity relationships
(SAR), 657, 659Sui generis system for protection, 536
Brazil, 537–538India, 538Peru, 538Philippines, 539
Superior sulcus tumor, 13Sushruta-Samhita, 34
TT2 Adenocarcinoma, UFT use and,
10–11Tai Chong (LR3) acupoints, 129, 199Tao Hong Si Wu Tang formulations,
247Tarceva
for metastatic NSCLC andpancreatic cancer, 7
Tasipeptins A and B peptides,626, 628
structures of, 627Taxol1, see Paclitaxel
Subject Index 719
TCM, see Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)
Teniposide, 425Tetrahydrocurcumin, 58Therapeutic implications
AR pan-antagonists, 686CML, treatment of, 685EGFR kinase inhibitors, 686
Therapeutic massage, 383Thoracic lymphadenectomy, 8
See also Non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC)
Three-Step Analgesic LadderTherapy, 247
Tianluo extract, 177Tian QI ejiao syrup, 175Tibetan yoga, 380Tinospora glabra
anticancer activity of, 47arabinogalactoses, 45biological activity
antidiabetic, 46anti-inflammatory, 47antimicrobial, 47antioxident, 46antipyretic, 47antistress, 47cognition and memory
enhancing, 47diuretic, 47hepatoprotective, 47immunomodulator, 47
choline and tinosporic acid, 45cytotoxic effects against HeLa
cells, 47formulations
fresh juice and paste, 45Ghana and sattwa, 45ghrita and taila, 45kwath and arishta, 45powder, 45
formulations offor leucopenia, 48samshamanivati, 48
furano diterpenescolumbin, 45
cordiofolioside A and B, 45glucoside–tinocordiofoliside, 45phenylpropene disaccharides,
45sesquiterpene, 45tinosporaside, 45
giloin and tinosporal, 45isolated alkaloids
berberine, 45isocolumbine, 45jatrorhizine, 45palmatine, 45temletarine, 45tinosporin, 44–45
medicinal plants in India, 44multi-ingredient formulations
Abhayadi kwath, 46Amrita-Bhallataka, 45Chandraprabhavati, 46Kaishor Guggulu, 45Rasnadi kwath, 46Samshamani vati, 45
phytochemistry of, 44safety studies
antiangiogenic activity, 48aqueous extract effect, 48metastatic ovarian cancer
treatment, 47tealike extract, 47
sterols and lactones, 45Tinospora cordifolia (Wild)
Miers, 45phytoconstituents of, 46
Topoisomerase inhibitors, DNApoisons, 6
Topotecan, 6, 404, 424See also Topoisomerase
inhibitors, DNApoisons
Toxicity, 407with black cohosh, 408
Trade-Related Aspects of IntellectualProperty Rights (TRIPS),537
Traditional and Alternative MedicineAct (1997), 539
720 Subject Index
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),25, 377, 385, 405, 678
ChinaAdministration Bureau of, 27criteria for diagnosis and
treatment, 27formulations for, 27holism theory, 26theories
blood and body fluid, 26essence and Qi, 26five elements, 26meridians and collaterals, 26viscera (Zang and Fu), 26Yin and Yang balance, 26
Traditional knowledge (TKDL), 538Trametes Versicolor, 412Transactivation function-1 (AF-1), 673Trastuzumab
for HER-2.neu+ breast cancer, 7Trichostatin-A (TSA), 661Trimodality therapy, 13Tripterygium wilfordii, 412Tumor
benign and malignant types, 34staging
and TNM classification, 5Tumour necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-a), 42Turmerone
ar-turmerone, 58a and b, 58
Tween 80, 56
UUDP-glucuronosyltransferase
(UGT), 591Ukonans A, B, C and D, 58United States Patent and Trademark
Office (USPTO), 530Uracil-Tegafur (UFT) oral drug
combination, 10–11UV(B)-induced skin carcinoma, 42–43
VVaccinium myrtillus L.
diabetic retinopathy for, 473
inflammation of respiratory tractfor, 473
for treatment of chronic fatiguesyndrome, 473
Vague pain, 159Vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF), 42Velbe1, see VinblastineVelcade, see BortezomibVepesid1, see EtoposideVeregenTM, 404Vidarabine (Ara A) structure, 614Vinblastine, 425Vincristine, 6, 52, 425Vinorelbine, 6Viscera (Zang and Fu) theories, 26
See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)
Vitamin E, 377Vorinostat for cutaneous lymphoma, 7Vumon1, see Teniposide
WWang Bu Liu Xing Zi formulation,
221–222Warfarin, 411Web references, safety and drug
interactionsof herbal formulations, 461
Wei Shu (BL 21) acupoints, 129–130WHO Uppsala database of herbal
ADRs, 460Wisconsin ginseng, 377Withaferin-A (WA), 40–41
antitumor and radiosensitizingactivities, 42
inhibitor of TNF-a, 42Withania somnifera L.
antitumor and radiosensitizingactivities, 42
as anxiolytic, 43ayurvedic actions
balya, 39rasayana, 39shothhara, 39vishaghana, 39
Subject Index 721
Withania somnifera L. (cont.)vrishya, 39
ayurvedic properties ofGuna–Laghu, 39Kashaya, 39Madhur, 39Rasa, 39Snigdha, 39Tikta, 39Veerya–Ushna, 39Vipaka, 39
as cardioprotective, 43clinical and ayurvedic usage
analgesic property, 43nutritive properties, 43as radiosensitizing agent, 44used in India, 44use in tumours and goiter, 43
experimental studies, 40immunoprotection in cancer
chemotherapy, 43immunostimulant properties, 43integrative oncology, role in, 39medicinal plant, 38MEDLINE and EBSCO
databases, 39pharmacognosy of, 39phytochemistry of
chemical constituents, 40phytoconstituents, 41
powdered leaf extract, effect ofosteogenic sarcoma and breast
cancer, 42root powder/extracts
chemopreventive andradioprotectiveeffects, 42–43
increase in lifespan, 43reduction in tumour
metastases, 43
in treatment of cancer, 39–40in tumourous lymphadenopathy,
40Withanolides and withanosides, 40Wu Ling San formulations, 150, 246
XXia Ku Cao formulation, 219Xingnaojing, 176Xu Chang Qing formulation for
pain, 199
YYang toxin, 156–157Yin and Yang balance theories, 26
See also Traditional Chinesemedicine (TCM)
Yinchenhao decoction, 175Yinlingquan (SP9) acupoints, 256Yoga, 379
effect of, 380meditation and, 378Tibetan, 380weekly, 380
Yuan Hu formulation, 219Yu Jin formulation, 221
ZZao Jiao Ci formulation, 221Zhang Shi Yi Tong, 187ZhenWu Tang formulations, 150, 246Zhongji (CV3) acupoints, 256Zhong Wan (CV12), 129Zingiberene, 58Zi wu liu zhu principle, 178
See also Acupuncture treatmentZolinza, see Vorinostat for cutaneous
lymphomaZu San Li (ST36) acupoints, 129–130,
150, 247, 256
722 Subject Index