DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION

Govt. of N CT of Delhi, Delhi Government

SUPPORT MATERIAL

(2020-2021)

Class: XII

Subject: Economics

(Urdu Medium)

Under the Guidance of

Ms. Manisha Saxena

Secretary (Education)

Mr. Binay Bhushan

Director (Education)

Dr. Saroj Bala Sain

Addl. Director (School & Exam)

Coordinators

Ms. Mukta Soni Mr. Raj Kumar Mr. Krishan Kumar

DDE (Exam) OSD (Exam) OSD (Exam)

Production Team

Anil Kumar Sharma

Published at Delhi Bureau of Text Books, 25/2 Institutional Area, Pankha Road, New Delhi-110058 by Prabhjot Singh, Secretary, Delhi Bureau of Text Books and Printed by Supreme Offset Press, New Delhi-110017

(iii)

.

DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATIONGovt. of NCT of Delhi, Delhi Government

SUPPORT MATERIAL

(2020-2021)

Class : XII

Subject: Economics (Urdu Medium)

NOT FOR SALE

PUBLISHED BY : DELHI BUREAU OF TEXTBOOKS

.

Reviewing Team Members of Support Material

for Class XIIth (Economics): 2020-2021

Team Leader : Mr. Subedar Yadav (H.O.S./Vice Principal

G.B.S.S.S B (AH)-Block

Shalimar Delhi-110088

Members : 1. Mrs. Mamta Goswami

Lecturer (Ecomomics)

Govt. Co-ed. S.V.

Sector-4 Rohini- Delhi-110085

2. Mr. Shailendra Rai

Lecturer (Ecomomics)

R.P.V.V. Surajmal Vihar, Delhi

3. Mr. Saket Kumar

Lecturer (Ecomomics)

R.P.V.V. Sector 11, Rohini,

Delhi-110085

4. Satyendra P.P. Tripathi

Lecturer (Ecomomics)

G.B.S.S.S. Dhakka,

Delhi-110009

5. Mr. Saira Begum (U.M.)

Vice Principal / H.O.S.

G.G.S.S.S. Panama Building

Jama Masjid, Delhi-110006

(xi)

(xii)

(xiii)

(xiv)

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Introductory Macro Economics

1- mçÞ8

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z{çÙu¤/òì�7æ{ìÔX»fí{7g3YY‰<ÔZ›gßÔeZu}.â]z){ ì‚Ú^lV �

çâ]~ZâaZzZgÆZk{Ãë��XâŠ~q,)ZKâVÆfg)¯ðˆ(Zzg}.â] ]�n³^V �

ƒC�XÅÃð!*iZg7ƒCìXz{Z!òZâ�ZKãpZ÷]Ã7gZ™äÆa!*sy™g@Æfg)yh+~YC�X ‘^…Ênà]�n^V �

tz{Z!òZâ��aZzZg~æŠÇgƒC�ZzgWæã~ZŸ±ÆaZEwÅ ‰³†Ú³^mäÒ^…p]�n^V �

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tz{Zâ�XÅŠz!*g{Ð�Ûz|#ÅYCìXt',ZÓgZ„ZKã¢zgc*]Ã7gZ �…Ún³^Þ³oE•ÛßoD]�n^V �

7™'ÉZ!òZâÅaZzZg~æŠÇgƒC�XZq-ºmæ]~uât»g~ZâÆZ6u~ZŸ†ZÝ»g~B@*ìXZÐuât»g~Ì ]‘³ØÒ^…pV �

¹Y@*ìX¬xI^Y^ZzgZEwÅzzЇìZU*NVÅ7~¤/ZzÃ�ÛΊÏë�X ʆ‰ç�+oE+ãŠ^æHDV �

q-ºmæ]~uât»g~ZâÆfí}~ÀZŸ†ÔÀZÝ»g~BCìX ÒØ]‘ØÒ^…pV] �

:Zq-u~uât»g~Zâ~6uâtÅú{ØZÝ»g~B@*ìX ì^Ö“]‘ØÒ^…p �

{ØZÝ»g~ = ÀZÝ»g~ – �ÛΊÏ:uÆZ‡VÆŠgxyZâz}.â]Zzgig~WæãÆÚ·ƒÃWæã 'Ú‚ÞoÒo�]ñ†p…æ]Þo �

ÅŠZ],~gzZã¹Y@*ìXZkÅâΊZ],~ƒCìYèZk»Ãð:ÂZ’ZðZzg:„Z!òƒ@*ìX:fí{Zq-Z+lZgì�Ëz‰Üƺm`6,**8YCìX‰òŠzª ƒìn†åE]‰9^ÕD �

·îZq-Z+lZgì&Zq-æ]ÆŠzgZy**0*Y@*ìX‰òWæãÔfí{~p~z){ e`^¨V �

1 Economics-XII

:tÓ#ÖÆfg)Z¾Zx”{Zzg'Z5ðuìT~ßvÔZâZzguât»·îWiZŠZ:îg6, ڳó³^�³ou‚ �

Ѓ@*ìXÚÃ^�ou‚Ò^¡Îä �

(ÏÔ«g~ZzgƒZðuzŠ (i)

Ûzy~}\g]{äÔ»gz!*g~\g]{ä¯YHz){X (ii)

˜iZzgƒZð˜i�Šz´ÆÖ@!*bgŸq~Ð`ñYD�X (iii)

TñäÅVVÔ%z’ï%zZá˜iZzg¾äzZáPÃgx�Š÷Æ!*°zVÆ (iv)

fg)`ñYD�XËo»¬x!*°{Zk¿c*Ãâ**Y@*ìTÆçÙ£tQkoÅuzŠÐzZh ³^Ýe^�ß‚cV �

ƒV˜Vz{gLìX:Zq-a»g~Z»ðÆfg)Zq-3M‚wÆŠzgZyaZňZâZzg}.â]Å!*iZgÅ µn³‚]æ]…Ò³oÎnÛk �

7ÃaZzZgÅ7ë�X:aZzZgÆz‚b)œÔi}ÔuâtZzg»gZ0+Zi{(Æfg)aZzg~¿~Š~ˆ}.â] ³ç]Ú³Ø'Ú³‚Þo �

ÐqÝWæãúZïWæãBCìX‰9Z{Ô'׊zg~Ô™ZtÔΊz){:tZ+ZŠZœV�XÆ$+á~¼7MìX¯ËaZzZg~}.â]ÆqÝ Ú³ßj³Ï³×³³o]�]ñn,³o �

WæãX‰),gÍVÃSÔLÔzª`z){:uâ5ZU*NVZzgâàZU*NVÅ7~ZŸ†�z‰Ü¦/gäÆ‚Bƒ@*ìXtyh+ ‰³†Ú^mäÒ^…pÚß^ÊÄ �

7Ðic*Š{7ƒCìXtZU*NVÅ�Ûz|#Æz‰Üq݃@*ìX:œfgZùÆfg)aZzZg~¿~Š~ˆ}.â]ÆaňZŠZ5)½Zc*Zâ(à ڳ³v³ßj³^Þ³³ä 5i}» �

5i}»Q:ë�XZk~9Z{Ô'׊zg~Ô1÷Ã�áïHY@*ìX:aZzZg~¿~œÆa5i}ÃQ:Š¶Æˆ� ÂÛ؉1‡]ñ‚e3^aç]E'µ†m9ß-‰†µ×‹D �

g¶�ìXt™ZtÔΊZzgœ»ù·ìX+ã†m×çÚrÛçÂ^l

:(Zq-oÅuzŠ~Zq-‚wÆŠzgZyZq-aZzZg~Z»ðÆ GDPMP !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg) �

ë�X GDPMP fg)aZÅÓxZ!òZâZzg}.â]Å!*iZgÅ7ÃaZzZgÅ7=�Ûz|#ÅlZg<!*iZg7+Z6u~p~

NDPMP !*iZg76,,M){Ø(¸òaZzZg �

2Economics-XII

NDPMP = GDPMP – �ÛΊÏ:Zq-oÅywuzŠ~Zq-3MŠZg~‚w~ (NDPFC) ³ç]ڳ؟+³kµ³†ì³^Ö“+ã†m×ç'Ú‚Þo �

aZzZg~úZïÅWæã»�h�úZïÆfg)�ÛZëÅ}.â]Æ$+áq݃C�XÎçÚoÚrÛçÂ^l

:Zq-oƬx!*°zVÆfg)Zq-3MŠZg~‚w~ (GNPMP ) e^‡]…ÎnÛkµ†ÒöØÎçÚoµn‚]æ]… �

ë�X GNPMP oÆZ0+gz!*CÙaZňZ!òZâZgz}.â]ÅÀ!*iZg7(NNPMP) e^‡]…ÎnÛkµ†ì^Ö“ÎçÚoµn‚]æ]… �

NNPMP = GNPMP – �ÛΊÏq-oƬx!*°zVÆfg)Zq-3MŠZg~‚w~Z]ÔÎyÔΊZzgœÅ :Z (NNPFC) γçÚ³o'Ú‚Þo �

^~oÆZ0+gz!*CÙ¾ðúZïWæã»�hòWæãBCìXNNPFC = NDPFC + NFIA = ¸òWæã

:WæãÆŠZ],~·ƒÐïàWæã)igÅ~(ÃZyZ`ë�X‰LÔYZzgŠgWæà ]ì³³³³³³†]t �

ZyZ`ë�XWæãÆŠZ],~·ƒ~eZàWæã)igÅlZg(Êpwë�X‰Üs»g~ÔÓäZyZY]Ô',Wæ : �ìçÙ �

aZzZg~Z»ðÆfg)Zq-ºmz9ÆaaZzZgÅ7ZzgŠgxãÜs»g~ Ë Î³‚…p]•^ÊäV �

Å7Æ�ÛtÊg~ZŸ†ë�X¸òWæãÅ+Bh4ï

GGE™Dz‰ÜZ#ËæÅ7ÃZq-Ðic*Š{!*g�áï™1Y@* �æa†pivŠngÒ^…pV �

ìÂQЊzCÙ~+Bh4ïG

GE»g~ë�XZkÐvÆŠz§j�X

ZŸ°Šg§i (1

ÃFaZzZg§i (2

Ò3>]aÜÚŠ^æ]l �

À={Ø+�ÛΊϸò=yw+ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã

(NIT) !*iZg7=úZïц+{Ø!*ßZôL

!*ßZôL – {Ø!*ßZôL=çÙZæZŠ

3 Economics-XII

ÎçÚo�Ú‚ÞoÒoivŠngÒ1›†mÏ1

›†mÏäÿ�Ú‚Þo µn‚]æ]…p]•^Êo΂…Ò^›†mÏä ›†mÏäÿì†5

µ`¡Ú†u×ä µ`¡Ú†u×ä µ`¡Ú†u×ä

úZïц6,{ØywWæã»g.V»Q: =

W6,|u&Òø F+

pŠgziÇgZ�ÛZŠÅ‘oWæã +

�扆]Ú†u×ä

NNPFC = NDPFC + NFIA

úZïц6,{ØòWæãNDPFC =

NFIA +

GDPMP +

(GDPMP) !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZgZ’ZðøÆfg)Šg~ZŸ† =

U*â~øÆfg)Šg~ZŸ† +

�OøÆfg)Šg~ZŸ† +

�扆]Ú†u×ä

GDPMP= fí{~p~ – ŠgxãÜs

!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZgGDPMP =

�ÛÎŠÏ –

inŠ†]Ú†u×ä

úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZg =

{Ø!*ßZôL –

NDPFC = NDPMP – NIT

2çiã^Ú†u×ä

úZïц6,{ØòaZzZgúZïц6,{ØywaZzZg =

ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã +

GDPMP= C + G + I + (X–M)

(GDPMP) !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg¬ZEwya =

ê¬ZEwya +

Àywuât»g~ +

{ØŠgWæZ] +

�扆]Ú†u×ä

NDPMP = GDPMP – �ÛΊÏ!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZg!*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg =

�ÛÎŠÏ –

inŠ†]Ú†u×ä

úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg!*iZg76,{ØywaZzZg =

{Ø!*ßZôL –

2çiã^Ú†u×ä

úZïц6,{ØòaZzZg&òWæãNNPFC = NDPFC + NFIA

úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg =

ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã +

4Economics-XII

if‚m×oÒ1]0^…c

çÙæŠ&]4hå EH~( – {Ø!*ßZôL)!*ßZôL :NIT

!*iZg7 :MP

úZïц :FC

�ÛÎŠÏ :Dep

¸òaZzZg :NP

ywaZzZg :DP

ÛzyoÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã :NFIA

]mÔ‰nÓ9†m^]mÔʆÝÒo΂…p]•^ÊäÒ1Úˆæ•^l �

fí{~p~ + �Ûz|# = aZzZgÅ7 X1

aZzZgÅ7 – ŠgxãZEw = (GVAMP) !*iZgц6,{ØZŸ°Šg X2

NVAMP = GVAMP – �ÛÎŠÏ !*iZgц6,{ØŠg~ZŸ† X3

NVAFC = NVAMP – {Ø!*ßZôL z‚bц6,{ØŠg~ZŸ† X4

q݃@*ìX (NDPFC) ÓxøzVÅz‚bц6,{ØZŸ°Šg�häÐz‚bц6,ywaZzZg â^:

˜øÆfg)o)±XfgZùÐqÝz‚bWæãzÃWæã»�hWæã Þ³³r³³o'Ú³‚Þ³oV �

BCìX

tZ¾mc*ZI{âVÆfg)ÓxfgZùÐqÝz‚bWæãzÃÆ�hÃZÐZŠ~Wæã ]Þˆ]�p'Ú‚ÞoV �

ë�X

5 Economics-XII

¬ZyZY]ÆÁÜ (GDPMP)

¬ZEwya Àywuât»g~ ZâZzg}.â]»{Ø',Wæ

¬ZEwya ê¬ZEwya ŠgWæD',Wæ

Àyw‡ìuât»g~ fí{~p~

Z’Zðfí{DZ!òfí{(NDPFC) 'Ú‚Þo›†mÏä‰1ÎçÚo'Ú‚ÞoÒ1Âß^‘†

»g.V»Q: W6,|u&Òø F

o« + Ί + ™Zt + gzZä

‘oWæã

g¶Zg)(Retaind Earning

µVÆ0*kg3ƒZ)Ëo«

zŠZgzV~ÛzZÑo«

6Economics-XII

+ã†m×ç�Ú‚Þo‰1]Þˆ]pÎ^eØ‘†Í�Ú‚Þo

7 Economics-XII

(PDI) ZÐZŠ~‡.ÞÜsWæãZÐZŠ~Â + ZÐZŠ~ZEwya

NNPFC ¸òWæã

NDPFC ywWæã

Wæã

ZÐZŠ~Wæã

ÛzyÐ{Øo« +

¸òŒÛçV6,Ί +

Ó#ÖÐgzZVÃ +

ÛzyÐgzZVÃ +

u»g~Z¾Zð‡VÃZU*NVÐqÝWæã –

)‡VÅÂ –

ÛzyÐqÝ{ØWæã –

',Z{gZ„ZÐZŠ~L –

ZI{âVÅ:ZzgââVÅZŠZ5 –

ðL –

)Ëœ –

NFIA +

øÃywaZzgÐWæã

ÀywaZzZgZzg#b‹Š

»ÈìZâz}.â]Å GDP ¬xîg6,ÀywaZzZgZzg#b‹Š~',Z{gZ„mƒ@*ìXZz‘ic*Š{Ðic*Š{aZzZgƒ**XZk»Èì�o~Zâz}.â]ic*Š{Ðic*Š{Šø7[�1Zk»Èt

»ÈßÍVÅ#bz GDP ƒZ�ßÍVÅo~qª¬ZhìÔ¢zg~7XŠzu}ZÖp~Zz‘‹Š~ZŸ†ƒ**¢zg~7ìX

æΊÜÒ^açi^a1V GDP

Zq-oÅ'Z5ðuzŠÆZ0+gZq-‚wÅæ]~aZƒðXZ!òZâz}.â]ÅZ¤/øá —VGDP u³³Ïn³Ï³³o

ãCŠ~‚wņV)‡ì†V(6,ÅYCìÂZÐÇÀywaZzZgÌë�XtÜsaZzZgÅlZg~p~Æ:Lpsƒ@*ìXZÐçÙF,¹»Zq-Z�ág{â**Y@*ìX

Zq-oÅ'Z5ðuÆZ0+gZq-‚wÆŠzgZyaZÅXZâz}.â]ÅøáZ¤/gzZV‚wÅ —VGDP γ³³‚…p

Ìë�Xt GDP ë�XZÐgzZV†V6, GDP †V)gzZV†V(6,ÅYCìÂZÐig~aZzZgÅlZgZzg†VÅRŠzâV~p~ÐOW,ƒCìXZÐçÙF,¹»Z�ág{7â**Y@*ìX

Ún6if‚mØÒ†Þ^ GDP ÒçuÏnÏo GDP ΂…p

GDPÇ

»ÈßÍVÅâŠ~œpVÐìXtZçÙZzg)çÙúZï6,«ƒ@*ìXçÙúZï Zk — ʳ³¡|æe`f³³ç�V

‰òWæãÜsÅRz){Zzg)çÙúZï‰âj1CWߊÏÔ‡âãqªÔY$+qàz){Xz{#b‹Š�çÙúZï6,«™@*ìZÐ)çÙ#b‹Šë�XŠzâVÆùÃ`~#b‹Š¹Y@*ìX

Zzg#b‹Š~',Z{gZ„mìX GDP ŠzâV~ª — ÞjnräV

ÒoÚÃ^�oÊ¡|e`fç�Ò1]�^…mäÒo�ÓØÚn6u‚æ�V GDP

~�áï7HY@*ìXt#bz‹ŠÃOW,™D�X GDP )ig~AŠ+à �

ÀywaZzZgÅ„#b‹ŠÃOW,™Cì**�Zk~ZŸ† �

çÙ#b‹Š~XZâÅ)z~ZÌ7ƒCX �

¼Zâ»ZW,t̃@*ìX �

~ÌZŸ†ƒYìX GDP †V~ZŸ†ÅzzÐ �

8Economics-XII

¸òWæãÅ+Bh4ïG

GEÆaZôïD+ZÛ:XZŸ°Šg)aZzZg~(§i: X1

ŠzCÙ~+Bh4ïG

GEÐ6,ÌX (a)

²íZâYÅ–~Ã7�áï™**X (b)

pŠÆZEwÆag¿ˆaZzZgÃ�áï™**X (c)

Wæ㻧i X2

ÃWæãÐ6,ÌX (a)

Ð6,ÌX (Capital Gain) ZÝo« (b)

pŠZEwÆag¿ˆaZzZgÃ�áï™**X (c)

Ã�áï™**X (Inputed Services) }.â] Å aZzZg~z‚bÆfg)«ÅˆpŠ (d)

ÃFZyZYC§i: X3

ŠgxãZyZY]Ð6,Ì (a)

²íZâYZzgâàZU*NV6,G‰ZyZY]Ð6,ÌX (b)

ÃZyZY]Ð6,ÌX (c)

ZJyÐÝÎZÑ]›�Z!*]WæãÆŠZ],~gzZãÅ9C�: 1 ÎZwX

gzZã ~ i¨ (2) ÇgzZã (1) ŠZ],~gzZãÅŠz9� �Z[XZ6uoZ]Å°pÉÀŸ/õGX 2 ÎZwXz{ÓxoZ]qz‰ÜÆZq-ºmy6,**0*Yñ �Z[X™g@Zâ£ë�? 3 ÎZwXz{ÓxZâ�™gsÅpZ÷]æñîg6,t™C�X �Z[XgzZVÃÐH%ZŠì? 4 ÎZwXz{ÓxÃ�ZŠZ™äzZáÅgzZVWæã~Њ~YNZzgzßw™äzZàÅgzZVWæã~�h~ �Z[XYNX

9 Economics-XII

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10Economics-XII

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11 Economics-XII

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12Economics-XII

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13 Economics-XII

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14Economics-XII

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15 Economics-XII

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16Economics-XII

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17 Economics-XII

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18Economics-XII

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19 Economics-XII

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20Economics-XII

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21 Economics-XII

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22Economics-XII

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kyÅ�Ûz|#ÐqÝœ (i)

ÑR,~~ZÅxœS (ii)

u»g~ŒÛçV6,Ί (iii)

¸òWæã»Z0+Zi{ÎDz‰Üqgzfsþ§bZEwHYñÇ?zzC�X X11

ky»Vx™Zt (i)

e&4-?ç EGEFiÐqÝΊ (ii)

c[ÐOW,{ßÍVÆfg)qÝâàæŠ (iii)

wÆa°Š~ÎZÑ]qgzfsÐ�Ûz|#¥xÙX X1

EŸÒ>…æµ1D Ú‚m6

560 úZïц6,{؇ì7 (i)

23 Economics-XII

60 �ÛÎŠÏ (ii)

(–)30 fí{~p~ (iii)

1000 ŠgxãÜs»g~ (iv)

200 ',WæZ] (v)

60 šzZôL (vi)

¥xÙX NVAFC ŠgzfsZ°ZŠzÑgÐ X2

EŸÒ>…æµ1D Ú‚m6

40 çÙæŠ (i)

800 �Ûz|# (ii)

30 �ÛÎŠÏ (iii)

100 ',WæZ] (iv)

20 Z!ò&Wy~Z6u (v)

50 Z’ZðZ6u (vi)

500 :yh+ (vii)

200 ZLZEwÆaáÅyh+ (viii)

60 {xâwÅŠgWæZ] (ix)

ŠgzfsZ°ZŠzÑgЊgxãÜs¥xÙX X3

EŸÒ>…æµ1D Ú‚m6

24Economics-XII

200 aZzZgÅ7 (i)

80 úZïц6,{؇ì7 (ii)

15 �Ûz|#L (iii)

20 �ÛÎŠÏ (iv)

5 çÙæŠ (v)

¥xÙX NNPFC ZŸ°ŠgÆfg) (b) Zzg NNPFC §iyaÆfg) (a) qgzfsWñzVÐ X4

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

250 {Øyw7ú (i)

–50 {Ø',WæZ] (ii)

900 ¬ZEwya (iii)

aZzZgÅ7 (iv)

900 Z’Zðø (a

800 U*â~ø (b

400 �Oø (c

:ZyZY] (v)

400 Z’Zðø (a

300 U*â~ø (b

100 �Oø (c

80 ‡ìuât»ZEw (vi)

100 !*ßZôL (vii)

100 ¬ZEwya u»g~ (viii)

10 çÙæŠ (ix)

25 Economics-XII

–20 Ûzã˜uÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã (x)

FITA = 90 Crore (b) GDPFC = 2600 Crore (a) qç]h

ÛzyÐúZïWæã¥xÙX (b) Zzg (GDPMP) !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg (a) fsWñzVÐ X6

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

500 œ (i)

40 ',Wæ (ii)

1500 »g.V»Q: (ii)

2500 z‚bц6,ÀòaZzZg (iv)

90 !*¹Š*Ð{ØgzZVà (v)

300 Îy (vi)

400 Ί (vii)

120 ÛzyÃz‚bWæã (viii)

250 {Ø!*ßZôL (ix)

650 {Øywuât»g~ (x)

700 À‡ìuât»g~ (xi)

50 fí{~p~ (xii)

FIFA = Ò†æ\ 120 GDPMP = Ò†æ\ 3050 qç]h

¥xÙX (GDPMP) fs¥â]Ð!*iZgÅ76,ÀywaZzZg X7

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

300 yw�Ûz|# (i)

100 ',Wæ (ii)

50 pŠÆZEwÆaaZzZg (iii)

110 Ðyh+, X �Ûx (iv)

26Economics-XII

70 Ðyh+, Y �Ûx (v)

30 ›âwÅŠgWæ (vi)

60 fí{~p~ (vii)

5i}ÃQ:Å+Bh4ïG

GEÙX (b) ywWæã (a) fsWñzVÅæŠÐ X8

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

(–) 20 ÛzyÐ{Å{šðZïWæã (i)

10 {Ø',Wæ (ii)

50 {Ø!*ßZôL (iii)

20 ™ZtZzggZä (iv)

10 ‡ìuât»ZEw (v)

10&ÀêELY

L (vi)

400 ¬ZEwya (vii)

30 Ί (viii)

50 {Øyw‡ìuât»g~ (ix)

22 œ»z (x)

100 Óä¬Üsya (xi)

5 )„”{œ (xii)

23 ‘oWæã (xiii)

aZzZg§jÐòWæãÅ+Bh4ïG

GEÙX (b) ZyZY]§jÆfg) (a) fsWñzVÐ X9

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

27 Economics-XII

15 Z’ZðøÆfg)!*iZg76,®ÿ NŠg~ZŸ† (i)

750 ¬ZEwya (ii)

150 ‡ìuât»ZEw (iii)

120 {Ø!*ßZôL (iv)

200 U*â~øÆfg)!*iZg76,ÀŠg~ZŸ† (v)

220 {Øyw‡ìuât»g~ (vi)

(–) 20 fí{~p~ (vii)

700 �OøÆfg)!*iZg7gÀŠg~ZŸ† (viii)

50 {Ø',Wæ (ix)

150 u»g~¬ZEwya (x)

20 ÛzyÐ{Øz‚bWæã (xi)

qgzfsWñzVÆfg)Wæã§iZzgya§jÐòWæã¥xÙX X10

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

100 ÓäZ!òÜsya (i)

110 {Øuât»g~ (ii)

120 Àuât»g~ (iii)

800 ˜Z!òÜsya (iv)

70 {Ø',Wæ (v)

75 âÃy»Y™«µ1V~z (vi)

600 9Z{Zzg'׊zg~ (vii)

20 ΊÅZŠZ5 (viii)

28Economics-XII

200 Îy (ix)

25 gZä (x)

80 )Ëo« (xi)

30 ÛzyÐqÝ{ØúZïWæã (xii)

50 {Ø!*ßZôL (xiii)

130 o« (xiv)

fs¥â]ÐaZzZgÅ7¥xÙX X11

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

100 úZïц6,{ØŠg~ZŸ† (i)

75 ŠgxãÜs (ii)

5 çÙæŠ (iii)

10 �ÛÎŠÏ (iv)

(20) aZzZg: (v)

Wæã¥xÙX (b) úZïц6,{ØywaZzZg (a) fs¥â]Ð X12

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

300 ÓäøÃqÝywaZzZgÐWæã (i)

1000 '׊zg~Zzg9Z{ (ii)

20 ÛzyÃ{ØgzZVÃ (iii)

100 ™Zt (iv)

130 aZzZg~Z»ÇVÆfg)ΊÅZŠZ5 (v)

30 ¸òŒÛçV6,ΊÅZŠZ5 (vi)

50 ðL (vii)

40 Ó#ÖÆfg)gzZVÃ (viii)

29 Economics-XII

200 âÃyÆfg)YDƵ1V~zŠZg~ (ix)

100 œ (x)

20 )„”{œ (xi)

10 ÛzyÐ{ØúZïWæã (xii)

ÛzyÐúZïWæã¥xÙX (b) úZïц6,ÀywaZzZg (a) fs¥â]Ð X13

EÒ†æ\…æµ1D

800 5i}»Q: (i)

200 œ (ii)

50 „”{œ (iii)

1400 !*iZg76,ÀywaZzZg (iv)

150 ™Zt (v)

100 Ί (vi)

200 Àywuât»g~ (vii)

200 {؇ìuât»g~ (viii)

50 Z6u~p~ (ix)

60 ÛzyÐ{ØúZïWæã (x)

120 {Ø!*ßZôL (xi)

�( 6 °Š~ÎZßVÆi) NVAFC = �Ûz|# + Z6u~p~ – :ZEwya – �ÛÎŠÏ – {Ø!*ßZôL X1

= 560 – (–30) + 1000 + 60 + 60

= Rs. 1710 Lakh

NVAFC = �Ûz|# + Z6u~p~ – :ZEwya – �ÛÎŠÏ – {Ø!*ßZôL X2

30Economics-XII

= 800 + (–50) –500 –30 + 40

= Rs. 280 Lakh

ŠgxãÜs = aZzZgÅ7 – NVAFC – {Ø!*ßZôL – �ÛÎŠÏ X3

= 200 – 30 – (15 – 5) – 20

= 200 – 30 – 10 – 20

= Rs. 90 Lakh

NAPFC X4

(a) §Tya = (iii) + (viii) + (i) + (ii) – (iv) – (vii) – (ix)

= 900 + 100 + 250 + (–50) – 80 – 90

= Rs. 1110 Crore

(b) ZŸ°Šg»§i = (iv) – (v) – (vi) – (vii) + (ix) + (x)

= 2100 – 800 – 80 – 100 + 10 + (–20)

= 2100 – 990

= Rs. 1110 Crore

GDPMP (a) X5

NDPFC = (ii) + (v) + (vi) + (vii)

= 1500 + 500 + 300 + 400

= 2700

GDPMP = NDPFC + CFC + NIT

CFC = (GFCF + ∆S) – 650

= (700 + 50) – 650

= 100

NIT = 250

GDPMP = 2700 + 100 + 250

= 3050

31 Economics-XII

(FIFA) ÛzyÐz‚bWæã (b) X6

GNPFC = GDPMP + NFiA – NIT

280 = 3050 + NFIA – 250

NFIA = 0

NFIA = FIFA – FIPA

0 = FIFA – 120

FIFA = 120 Crore

ywWæã (a) X7

= (ii) + (vi) + (ix) + (xi) – (iii)

= 10 + 400 + 50 +100 – 50

= Rs. 510 Crore

5i}»Q: (b)

= ywWæã – (iv) – (viii) – (vii) – (x) – (xii) – (xiii)

= 510 – 20 – 30 – 10 – 22 – 5 – 23

= Rs. 400 crore

¸òWæã X8

= (ii) + (iv) + (vi + x) – (viii) – (ix) – (viii)

= 600 + 200 + 110 + (–10) – (–20) – 70 – 10

NNPFC Wæã§jÐ X9

= (vii) + (vi) + (viii) + (ix) + (x) + (xiv) – (xii)

= 600 + 55 + 20 + 200 + 25 + 130 + (–(30)

= 1000 Cr

NNPFC ya§jÆfg)32Economics-XII

= (i) + (ii) + (iv) + (v) – (xiii) + (xi) – (xii)

= 100 + 110 + 800 + 70 – 60 + 10 + (–30)

= 1000 Cr

X10

NNPMP = (ii) + (x) + (viii) + (v) – (iv)

= 500 + 100 + 80 + (–20) – 20

= Rs. 640 Cr

Wæã = (NNPMP– vi) – (ix) + (iii) + (vii) + (i)

= 640 – 120 – 60 + 30 + 70 – 10

= Rs. 550 Cr

aZzZgÅ7 X11

NVAFC = aZzZgÅ7 – ŠgxãÜs – {Ø!*ßZôL – �ÛΊÏ

aZzZgÅ7 = NVAFC + ŠgxãÜs + NIT + �ÛΊÏ

= 100 + 75 + (20 – 5) + 10

= Rs. 200 Cr

úZïц6,ÀywaZzZg (a) X12

GDPFC = (i) + (ii) + (v) + (vi) + [vii + ix – viii]

= 800 + 200 + 150 + 100 + [(200 + 50) – 200]

= Rs. 1300 Cr

ÛzyÃúZïWæã (b)

GNPMP = GDPFC + ÛzyÐ{ØúZïWæã+{Ø!*ßZ‰L

1400 = 1300 + 120 + 60

= 1400 – 1480

= Rs. 80 Cr

33 Economics-XII

2- mçÞ8

igZzgJ»g~ 2 $X

m^…Òãß1ŸñÐÞÓ^l

igÅZ+ÚÅ~°pÅY$Ëì�IŠáÆfg)Æîg6,tƒXYèig~¬xJqÅ �

S¤ƒCìXigÆZk»xäZâÆIŠáÅÓx6,.EVû™Šc*ìXigÆfg)„ZâZzg}.â]Åyh+�Ûz|#eìX

igÅg‡Ð%ZŠZq-oÆúZxÆ0*kz‰ÜÆZq-ºm`6,ÀigÅlZgÐìX ‡…Òo…‰‚V �

ËVÆ0*kigÅg‡

igÅg‡=úZxÆ0*k™+ËVÆ0*kÔ¦

Zq-âà�œ¾äÆÑЬxúZxЦt™CìZzgZÝ»g~ÆaŒÛn : ÒÛ†�nØenßÔ �

�ÛZë™CìX

ˆgCËVÆfg)‚ÄÅú

‚ÄÅúÐ%ZŠgCËVÅZk¤‰ÜÐìTÆfg)z{Z’Zð¦ÅãCŠ6,U*â~¦ÅzÝ �

~LRR ™D�XU*â~¦ÅzÝ™**‚ÄÅúB@*ìXËVÆfg)‚ÄÅúÆ¿Zzg

wkmƒ@*ìX

=‚Ä¢d$ K ˜V

Zq-oÅ<zâàÂx~ƒÐZzœì�oÆig~z<eJ‘Å Ú³³†Ò³ˆpenßÔV �

Ñz¬]ÔNzwZzg@Ze$»g~™CìX34Economics-XII

Ú†ÒˆpenßÔÒ1Ò^Ý �

Ó!1¹é GJ X2 ™â^Yg~™** X1

igg‡Zzg‚ÄÃNzw™äzZÑ X4 ËV»JZzg4zZ,g X3

:tZ+ÑbΊìT6,%œ/~JˆgCËVÃîsæCŒÛn�ÛZë™D�X Bank Rate �

:tZ+ÑbΊìT6,%œ/~JˆgCËVÿæCŒÛn�ÛZë™D�X Repo Rate �

:tZ+ÑbΊìT6,o»%œ/~JˆgCËVÐŒÛn©8ìX Reverse Repo Rate �

:CÙZq-ˆgCJÃZL0*kÀ¦g¶»Zq-²+Ú%œ/~JÆ Cash Reserve Ratio(CRR) �

ë�X CRR 0*k‡â;¦™**ƒ@*ì

ZkÐ%ZŠ#ŸËVÃZKÀ¦g¶ÅZq-{m°œg¶ZL0*kCÙz‰ÜgppÅ¢zg] :SLR �

ƒCìX

�Šw�Z[zZáÎZÑ]gm,gzJÅâ^Yg~™äÅp!ʬYYì: X1

™~ZPx (b) ™â^ÆYg~™ä~7“M (a)

qgz!*ÑX (d) ™i+ÃNzw™** (c)

igÅg‡Œì: X2

e0*j^ (b) ™ (a)

Zy~ÐÃð7 (d) ŠzâV (b) Zzg (a) (c)

ì? instrument »�Šw RBI Ãy‚ X3

g<gf$ (b) (CRR) ÏWgWg (a)

A!*iZg»¿ (d) Zܹ»£ (c)

35 Economics-XII

�zZáÎZÑ] 1

Ô¦Hì? X1

z{¦X»”wJÆfg)HY@*ìX �Z[:

Å°pÉÀŸ/õGX CRR X2

tgCJÅÀ¦»z{Úƒì&gCJÃÑiòîg6,%œ/~JÆ0*k¦™**7,@*ìX �Z[:

igg‡ÐH%ZŠì? X3

igg‡Ð%ZŠZq-{mæ]~oÆúZxÆ0*kÀigÆfí}ÐìX �Z[:

igg‡ÆÁÜÉÀŸ/õGX X4

úZxÆ0*k™ (i �Z[:

Ô¦ (ii

JÑbHì?tg<gf$о§bZì? X5

z{ÑbT6,Ëo»%œ/~JˆgCËVÃîsæC£œÆaZŠJgŠêì²g<gf$z{Ñb �Z[:ìT6,%œ/~JˆgCËVÃZyÆ¿æC£œÃqÝ™äÆaZŠJgŠêìX

LLÓ#ÖÆJóóÆîg6,%œ/~JÆ»xÅzŸs#ÙX X6

%œ/~JÓ#ÖÃz{X<}.â]�ÛZë™@*ì�#ŸJZLǃVÃ�ÛZë™D�X%œ/~ �Z[:»»x™@*ìX,Æîg6,tu»g~VVÆ (Financial Advisor) Ó#ÖÆJZÐZzgâà�

3ÂVÃW6,f$™@*ìZzgu»g~5Zä»ZOx™@*ìXZq-ZÐÆîg6,%œ/~Ó#ÖÆacg¨Åyh+z�Ûz|#Zzgu»g~ŒÛn»ZOx™@*ìX‚B„Ó#ÖÃoƒig~0*ÎVïäÆaÆtg}�ÛZë™@*ìX

�zZáÎZÑ] 6

ig&‚ÄÅúÐH%ZŠì?Zq-°Š~VwÅæŠÐ#ŸËVÆfg)igÅúÆ X1

36Economics-XII

a',zñ»gÑñYäzZá¿ÅzŸs#ÙX

‚ÄÅúÐ%ZŠ#ŸËVÅZk¤‰ÜÐìTÆfg)z{Z’Zð¦ÅãCŠ6,U*â~¦ÅzÝ �Z[:™D�XU*â~¦ÅzÝ™**‚ÄÅúB@*ìX#ŸJÆfg)ÅYäzZàigÅú{mîgЊz!*ÂV6,«ƒCìX

Z’Zð¦ (i)

LRR (ii)

ìLRR = 20% (2) gz9 1000 = Z’Zð¦ (1) �ÛnÙ�u~ –$h½5ÿGI

GLigÅzŸs#:u~yaƒäzZàg¶Šz!*g{ËV~¦™Š~YCìX (3)

gz9ZŠJg 800 gz9gm,gzÆîg6,gÄ™ 200 gz9ìXJZk¦~Ð 1000 ây³�Z’Zð¦gz9u~yaƒäƈŠz!*g{J~zZ:¦ƒYNÐX#ŸJ 800 Š}Š,ÐXt

gz9ZŠJg 640 gz9gm,gzgÄ™ 160ª20% gz9» 800 gz9ƒYñÏXJZk 1800 ÅÀ¦Š}Š,ÐXt»xŠz!*g{ÐJŦ~ZŸ†™}ÇZzgt¿Î@*gYg~gìÇXÀigÅúXƒÏZk»ç‚Ä¢d$Æfg)HYñÇX

37 Economics-XII

3- mçÞ8

WæãZzggziÇg»çm^…Òãß1ŸñÐÞÓ^l

ë�XZÐÀZyZY]Å (AD) :Zq-u~Zâ}.â]ÅÀÔÃù¦Ô ÚrÛçÂo›×g �

~**0*Y@*ìX

ù¦ÔºmÁÜqgzfs�: �

(C) Üs»g~ZyZY] (i)

(F) ˜ZÝ»g~ (ii)

(G) ÓäZyZY] (iii)

(X-M) {Ø',Wæ (iv)

AD = C + I ŠzøzZàu~

Zq-u~ZâZzg}.â]ÅÀg‡ù¦g‡BCìXù¦g¦Åig~7Äò Ú³rÛçÂo…‰‚V �

aZzZgë�XªòWæãåù¦g‡Æ',Z',ƒCìX

AS = C + S

ù¦g‡oÅòWæãêCÙ™CìX �

AS = Y )¸òWæã(

C = F(Y) ÆÖ@·ZmêCÙ™@*ìX (C) ZzgÜs (Y) Üs·¶Wæã �

Üs = C

Wæã = Y

·Zm = F

Üs·¶)ÜsgDy(ŠznŃC�X �

38Economics-XII

APC Zz‰ÜsgDy (i)

MPC qâðÜsgDy (ii)

Zz‰ÜsgDyÃù¦ÜsZzgù¦WæãÅÚÅ~ªCÙHY@*ìX ]扼‘†Í…qv^áV

Break even point C=y

‰1ÚjÃ×Ð]aÜÞÏ^½ APC �

APC > 1 Z»ðÐic*Š{ƒ@*ìZ#J-ÜsÔòWæãÐic*Š{ƒ@*ìX APC (i)

ÔÜsòWæãÆ)z~ƒ@*ìX APC = 1 (ii)

ÜsòWæãÐÁƒ@*ì APC < 1 (iii)

ÁƒCYCìX APC Wæã~ZŸ±Æ‚B‚B (iv)

LÌ#7ƒ$ËÔYèWæã»#R6,ÌÃðZEwƒ@*ìX APC (v)

:ZkÐ%ZŠÜs~p~ÅWæã~p~ÐÚìX (MPC) u^�n^ño‘†Í…qv^á �

‰1ÚjÃ×Ð]aÜÞÏ^½ MPC �

Z¤/åyh+WæãÜsƒYCìA$ Ò1�…Ún^á…aj^a1! 1 ÒoÎnÛk‘ˆ]æ… MPC X1

MPC = 1 ª� ∆C = ∆Y

pZ¤/å'×h+WæãÅY™àYCìÂ

MPC = 0.1 ª� ∆C = 0

]Ún†Ò1ÚÏ^e×1‡m^�åaçioa1! MPC ƆmgÒo X2

¾d$¿ZKWæã»ic*Š{zya™©8ì²Z÷¿ZKWæã»Ázya™@*ìX

39 Economics-XII

tƒ$ËìYèu~ÁYƒCìX APS tc*Z»ðÐÁƒ$ËìXáZiyÐnR6, APS X3

WæãÆ(,"Æ‚B‚B(,fìX APS X4

:YZzgWæãÆ·ZmêCÙ™@*ìX e3kiË^ÂØ �

S = f (Y)

·Zm = f WæãÔ = Y YÔ = S — ŒV:

m^

S = S + MPS(Y)

WæãÅ#R6,Y = S

MPS Zzg APS Y·¶Šzn»ƒ@*ì: �

ÅS:] (APS) ]扼e3k…qv^á �

LÌZ»ðc*Z»ðÐic*Š{7ƒ$ËYèYLÌWæãÆ)z~c*WæãÐic*Š{7ƒ$ËX APS X1

S = 0 ì C = Y #ƒ$Ëì:)z~R`6,Z# APS X2

tƒ$ËìYèu~**Y APS tc*Z»ðÐÁƒ$ËìX)z~R`Ðn APS X3

ƒ$ËìX (Dissaving)

Wæã~ZŸ±Æ‚B‚B(,fìX APS X4

:Wæã~p~ÆË~Y~p~ÆÚƒÃqâðYgDy (MPS) u³^�n^ñoe3k…qv^á

ë�X

Å7#ZzgZ»ðÆÖ@~gLìX MPS

40Economics-XII

∆S = ∆Y Z¤/å'×h+WæãÅY™àYCìA$ MPS = 1 X1

∆S = 0 Z¤/å'×h+WæãÔÜs™àYCìA$ MPS = 0 X2

ZzgZz‰YgDy~!*bm (APC) Zz‰ÜsgDy

tåZ(„ƒ@*ìYèWæãÃc*ÂyaHY@*ìc*QWæãÅYÅYCìX APC + APS = 1

Y = C + S

Є™ä6, Y ŠzâV§s

1 = APC + APS

»qݦåZ»ðÆ',Z',ƒ@* APS Zzg APC Zk§b APS = 1 – APCc*APC = 1– APS ª�ìX

ZzgqâðYgDy~g (MPS) qâðÜsgDy

ÌMPS ÐÁƒ@*ìZka 1 嵃@*ìZzg MPC Z(åƒ@*ìYè MPC + MPS = 1

ÐÁƒ**ecX 1 µZzg

Y = C + S ª ∆Y = ∆C + ∆S

Є™ä6, ∆Y ŠzâV§s

1 = MPC + MPS

MPC = 1 – MPS

MPS = 1 – MPC

41 Economics-XII

Æ',Z',ƒ@*ìX 1 »qÝ-$4pî GI MPS Zzg MPC Zk§b

ZÝ»g~Æp��6uâ5ZU*P‰áÔWÑ]ÔZziZgz){Åyh+6,ya™**XZkÆpu �

Æfí}~ZŸ†™**ìX

ZÝ»g~Šz§bŃCì:

F,‰ZÝ»g~ X1

pŠUgZÝ»g~ X2

tz{ZÝ»g~ì�œ¾äÆ_."ÐÅYCìXZk§bÅZÝ»g~»Wæã i†Ænfo]‘ØÒ^…pV X1

ЦJmƒ@*ìX

tz{ZÝ»g~ì�WæãÅRÐOW,7ƒ@*ª�Üsœ¾äÆ_." ì³ç�Ú³íj^…]‘ØÒ^…pV X2

Ð7HY@*X

ZÝ»g~ÅqâðZqÃZÝ»g~Å°Z»ðÆÎäÐqÝ ]‘³ØÒ³^…pÒ³ou³^�n^ño]a×nkV �

ƒäzZáœÅµÑbÅ~zZãHYYìX

u~ƒZ3ÿXL{:Æfg)Zq-æ]~ÎY™ä»µ/æ]ÆÑzq~¯c* V ÚjçÎÄe3k �

Y@*ìZÐáµYë�X

u~�ÛñVÆfg)Zq-æ]~ÎZÝ»g~™ä»µ/æ]ÆÑzq Új³çγÄ]‘ØÒ^…pV �

~¯c*Y@*ìQÐáµÈZÝ»g~ë�X

}YÐ%ZŠWæã~ÐX™g¿ˆZkg¶ÐìTÅ+Bh4ïG

GEæ]Æ{86,Å i³Ã³Ûn×oe3kV �

YCìX

ÇZÝ»g~Ð%ZŠZÝ»g~6,ƒñZkyaÐì�ZÝ»g~ƒYä6,c* i³Ã³Ûn³×³o]‘ØÒ³^…pV �

æ]ÆWy~Y™Y@*ìX

tå AD = ASc*S = I WæãÅáZiyRz{WæãRì˜Vù¦ÔaZzZgÅRÆ',Z',ƒCìª �

gziÇgÅßg]~c*ÁgziÇgÅßg]~ƒ$ËìX

ZkÐ%ZŠuÅZ+ßg]ÐìT~CÙZq-¿�KãZzgf6îg6,ZIìà ÚÓÛØ…æ‡+^…V �

42Economics-XII

gzZVig~'׊zg~ÅÑb6,gziÇgïg;ìZzgz{¿»xÌ™äûgìX

t"gziÇg~ÅZ+ßg]ìZ#‡.Þßvñ�Š{gzZV'׊zg~ÅÑb6, …•³^Ò³^…]Þ³äe1…æ‡+^…pV �

»x™äûg7ƒDX

t"gziÇg~ÅZ+qªì˜V»x™äÆpZéq‡.ÞßvgzZV Æn†…•^Ò^…]Þäe1…æ‡+^…pV �

'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x™äÆpZéq�pZ7»x7ïg;ìX

ÐÁƒ@*ìX AS ågziÇgÅR6,£/ AD bz~"gziÇg~z{qªìT~ �

ZÝ»g~~p~ÆË~Wæã~p~ÅÚÃZÝ»g~Ÿg[ë�X ]‘ØÒ^…p•^…hV �

Ðic*Š{ƒYñÂQÐiZZ+Ôë�X AS ÔågziÇg6,ù¦g‡ (AD) Z#ù¦Ô �

ågziÇgÅR6,ù¦g‡ÐÁƒCìZСÒ3ŒÒïGGEë�X (AD) Z#ù¦Ô �

Z�ÛZïÜÔÇù¦ÔZzgågziÇgÂZiyïñgppÆa¢zg~ìù¦ÔÆÖ@»�Ûtƒ@* �

ìXtù¦ÔÆiZZ+ÅeöìX$¨Ò5ÐöGG

GÜÇù¦ÔZzgågziÇgÂZiyïñgppÆa¢zg~ù¦ÔÆÖ@»�Ûtƒ@*ìt �

ù¦Ô~¶ÅeöìX

iZZ+ÔZzg**³ÔÃ9™äƧj:

igg‡~p~ Óäya~p~ƒV~p~

iZZ+ÔÔÃ9™äƧj

43 Economics-XII

ig¦§j â1C§jXJÑb~ZŸ† 1 XƒVÅlZg~ZŸ† 1

~ZŸ† CRR X2 Xu»g~ZyZY]~¶ 2

~ZŸ† SLR X3 Xu»g~ŒÛn~ZŸ† 3

XA!*iZg~u»g~ 4

Å–~ Securities

**³ÔÔÃÇ™äƧj

ig¦§j â1C§jXJÑb~¶ 1 XƒVÅlZg~¶ 1

¶~CRR X2 ZŸ† Xu»g~ZyZY]~ 2

~¶ SLR X3 ¶ Xu»g~ŒÛn~ 3

XA!*iZg~u»g~ 4

Ãyh+** Securities

�Šw�Z[zZáÎZÑ]z{Óxßv�»x™ä6,‡Šg�Zzg!*iZg~76,»x™äÅpZégnp�p»x7MZ¹ X1

)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg (b) gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg (a)

Zy~ÐÃð7 (d) ZŠðgZgziÇg (c)

44Economics-XII

Šg`fs~ÐÃytƒYì? X2

(APS) Zz‰YgDy (b) (APC) Zz‰ÜsgDy (a)

(MPS) qâðYgDy (d) (MPC) qâðÜsgDy (c)

Üs·¶·Zmì: X3

7ÅRZzgÜs (b) WæãZzgY (a)

WæãÔYZzgÜs (d) WæãZzgÜs (c)

6,«ì²šzôfs6, MPC uât»g~Ÿg[ÅŠgÔ!*ßZôîg6, X4

MPS (b) APC (a)

Zy~ÐÃð7 (d) APS (c)

**³ÔÆqgzfs~ÐÃy‚³ƒ@*ì? X5

aZzZgZzggziÇgÅR~¶ (b) )Ÿ»gZ:"gziÇg~~ZŸ† (a)

qgz!*ÑX (d) ŠzâV (b) Zzg (a) (c)

fs~Ãy‚ig~0*Œ»lZgZ:iì X6

A!*iZgÅu¤/xV (b) g<gf$ (a)

qgz!*ÑX (d) SLR (c)

Z#ågziÇgaZzZgR6,ù¦Ôù¦g‡ÐÁƒYCìÂZÐë�: X7

**³Ô (b) iZZ+Ô (a)

qgz!*ÑX (d) Z�ÛZïÜ (c)

uât»g~Ÿg[ÅŠg‰‰‰‰‰‰ 0.75 ÅŠgì MPCZ# X8

45 Economics-XII

K = 5 (b) K = 4 (a)

K = 3 (d) K = 2 (c)

~(Break even point) ®s X9

C = Y (b) APC = 1 (a)

qgz!*ÑX (d) O = Y (c)

Ðic*Š{ƒÏZ¤/ 5 Å7 K X10

(b) MPC = MPS = 0.5 (a)

MPS < 0.2 (d) (c)

ìZ¤/ APC = MPC X11

Wæã~‚p~ > Üs~‚p~ (a)

Wæã~‚p~ = Üs~‚p~ (b)

Wæã~‚p~ < Üs~‚p~ (c)

qgz!*Ñ~Ãð7 (d)

�( 3-4 ¿�Z[zZáÎZÑ])ù¦ÔÅ°pÉÀŸ/õGZzgZkÆÁÜÆ!*g}~ÌÉÀŸ/õGX X1

Zq-°Š~VwÅæŠÐZz‰ÜsgDyZzgqâðÜsgDy~�ÛtzZãÙX X2

ågziÇgÔgŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~Zzg)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ÆŠgxy�ÛtzZãÙX X3

ZÝ»g~¢d$Hì?qâðÜsgDyZzgZÝ»g~¢d$ÆÖ@gC�X X4

aZzZgÔgziÇgZzg76,iZZ+ÔÆZW,ÿUzZãÙX X5

46Economics-XII

qgzfsÒ**]9�c*ß?zzÒyÙX X6

ƒCìX 0 ƒ@*ìÂqâðÜsgDyÅŠg 1 ZÝ»g~¢d$Z# (i)

Zz‰YgDyÅŠgLÌ#ÐÁ7ƒ$ËX (ii)

qgzfsÒ**]9�c*ß?zzÒyÙX X7

Z#qâðÜsgDy#ƒCì¢d$ÅŠgÌ#ƒCìX (i)

Ðic*Š{7ƒ$ËX 1 Zz‰YgDyÅŠgLÌ (ii)

�Šw�Z[zZáÎZÑ]WæãZzggziÇg³™äÆZßwÅãCŠì: X1

Ço{ (b) áµo{ (a)

Zy~ÐÃð7 (d) ŠzâV (b) Zzg (a) (c)

)z~ì: MPS X2

(b) (a)

(d) (c)

Šg`fs~ÐÃyÏ"gziÇg~ÃoÆfg)¤‰Ü~�áï7HY@*ì? X3

)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ (b) 7æ{"gziÇg~ (a)

ñŠ"gziÇg~ (d) gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ (c)

47 Economics-XII

iZZ+ÔЃCì: X4

gziÇgÅR~¶ (b) gziÇgÅR~ZŸ† (a)

qgz!*Ñ~ÐÃð7 (d) gziÇgÅR~Ãðp~7 (c)

ÜsâZq-¦S�ƒ@*ìYè X5

ŠzâV�Ö� MPC Zzg APC (b) (,kì MPC QQìZzg APC (a)

(,kì MPC LgLìZzg APC (d) LgLì MPC QQìZzg APC (c)

%œ/~JZ�ÛZïÜÃNzw™@*ì: X6

g<gf$~ZŸ±Æfg) (b) JÑb~ZŸ±Æfg) (a)

qgz!*ÑX (d) ~ZŸ±Æfg) LSR (c)

ÆŠgxyz9ÃNzw™äÆâ1C§j�: AS Zzg AD ågziÇgR6, X7

qâð¢zgc*] (b) ÑbJ (a)

',Z{gZ„»ggzZð (d) u»g~ZyZY] (c)

~7+M‡ìƒYñÂZÐë�: AS Zzg AD Z¤/ågziÇgÂZiy~ X8

¾gziÇgÂZiy (b) iZZ+ågziÇgÂZiy (a)

ŠzâV (b) Zzg (a) (d) ÂZiy‡ìgìÇ (c)

™zhgz9»ZŸ†ƒY@*ìÂZÝ»g~ 500 ™zhgz9ÆZŸ†ÐòWæã~ 1000 Z¤/ZÝ»g~~ X9

Ÿg[ÅŠgƒÏ:

3 (b) 4 (a)

2 (d) 5 (c)

¾ÔÅqª~¾6,µZW,7,}Ç? X10

48Economics-XII

7R6, (b) aZzZgR6, (a)

qgz!*Ñ~ÐÃð7 (d) gziÇgR6, (c)

qç]e^l(c) X3 (c) X2 (a) X1

(d) X6 (c) X5 (c) X4

(c) X9 (d) X8 (c) X7

(d) X10

�zZáÎZÑ] 1

´çâ]~ù¦g‡ÐH%ZŠì? X1

Zq-uÅXaZzZg~Z»ÇVÆfg)Zq-ºmæ]~X¬Zâz}.â]Ƶ/ÈaZzZgÅ �Z[:ÀŠgÃù¦g‡ë�X

qâðÜsgDyÅ°pÙX X2

Üs~p~ZzgWæã~p~ÆÚƒÃqâðÜsgDyë�X �Z[:

ågziÇg»ÈC�X X3

ZkÐ%ZŠuÅZ+qªìT~CÙZq-¿�‡.ÞìZzgñ�Š{ig~'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x™ä �Z[:Æa»gìÃgziÇgïY@*ìX

Å°pÉÀŸ/õGX CRR X4

#ŸËVŦ»z{Úƒì�Z¹%œ/~JÆ0*kgƒ@*ìX CRR �Z[:

g<gf$Å°pÙX X5

%œ/~JTÑb6,#ŸËVÿæCŒÛnŠï�ZÐg<gf$ë�X �Z[:

49 Economics-XII

Ðic*Š{YV7ƒ$Ë? 1 qâðÜsgDyÅŠg X6

YèÜs}p~Wæã~p~Ðic*Š{7ƒ$ËX �Z[:

�zZáÎZÑ] 3-4

gŸ»gZ:Zzg)gŸ»gZ:"gziÇg~ÆŠgxy�ÛtC�X X1

t"gziÇg~ÅZ+ßg]ìT~ßvñ�Š{gzZV'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x …•³^Ò^…]Þäe1…æ‡+^…pV �Z[:™äûg7ƒDXz{ZK%èÐ"gziÇg�X

t"gziÇg~ÅZ+qªì˜V»x™äÆpZéq‡.ÞßvgzZV Æn†…•^Ò^…]Þäe1…æ‡+^…pV

'׊zg~ÅÑb6,»x™äÆa»g�pZ¹»x7ïg;ìX

ìXu~ZÝ»g~ZyZY')4èG

G 0.75 = (MPC) Zq-u~qâðÜsgDy X2

™zh»ZŸ†ƒ@*ìXòWæã~ÀZŸ†¥xÙX 75

�Z[:

gz9 700 ìXZ¤/ZÝ»g~ C = 300+0.8Y Zq-uÂZiy~ìXZk»Üs·¶ X3

ƒÂ¸òWæã¥xÙX C = 300 + 0.8Y �Z[:

Y = C + 1

Y = 300 + 0.8Y + 700 = Rs. 1250

C��qgzfsÒ**]9�c*ß?�Z[ÅzzÌÒyÙX X4

50Economics-XII

Z#qâðÜsgDy#ìÂZÝ»g~¢d$ÅŠgÌ#ƒÏX (i)

Zz‰YgDyLÌ#ÐÁ7ƒ@*X (ii)

Ðic*Š{ƒÏX 5 ƒÂZÝ»g~¢d$ÅŠg MPC > MPSZ# (iii)

ÅŠgLÌt7ƒCX (MPS) qâðYgDy (iv)

ƒ@*ìÂqâðÜsgDy#ƒ@*ìX 1 Z#ZÝ»g~¢d$ (v)

Ðic*Š{7ƒ$ËX 1 Zz‰YgDyÅŠg (vi)

ì ƒC 1 Ý»g~¢d$ÅŠg ZK = 1/1–MPC = 1/1–0 = 1 ì MPC = 0 ß:YèZ# (i) �Z[:

tƒ@*ìX APS ß:YèZ#**ƒC� (ii)

ƒX MPC > 0.8 9:Z¤/ (iii)

m^

Ðic*Š{:ƒX 0.8 Ðic*Š{ƒp 0.5 ÅŠg MPC 9:Z¤/Ì#ƒÇX MPS ƒÂ S = 0 ƒ@*ìXZ¤/ MPS = S/Y 9:Yè (iv)

K = 1/1–MPC = 1/1–0 = 1 9:Yè (v)

ƒ@*ìX APC + APS = 1 9:Yè (vi)

ZÝ»g~¢d$ZzgqâðÜsgDy~mÅzŸs#ÙX X5

ZzgZÝ»g~¢d$~¦JmìXZ¤/(,SƒðWæã»ic*Š{ MPC tªCÙ™@*ì� K = 1/1–MPC �Z[:

6,yaHYñÇÂZÝ»g~¢d$ÅŠgÌic*Š{ƒÏX consumptionz

zXc*Y@*ìX 20% ™zh»tŠZ½z¯@*ìZzg'×h+Wæã» 30 Zq-u»YÈ X6

YZzgÜs·¶¥xÙX

™zh 30 �Z[:

0.2 = MPS

51 Economics-XII

Üs·¶ Y·¶

MPC = 1 – 0.2 = 0. 8

C = C + by S = –30 + 0.2 Y

C = 30 + 0.8 Y

�zZáÎZÑ] 6

u~ºÔÊzg™ä~qgzfs»gzwÒyÙX X1

JÑb (ii) î!*iZg»ggzZð (i)

%œ/~JÆfg)A!*iZg~u»g~_5½3ð GGg¸Åyh+z�Ûz|#ÃA!*iZgÅ»ggzZðë�X �Z[:

Z#ºÔÅßg]~%œ/~Jcg¸Ãyh+@*ìÂZâ„7Å×g¶#ŸËVÃq݃CìXíËVÅŒÛnŠ¶ÅRö~ZŸ†ƒY@*ìZzgù¦Ô(,"кÔ~‡JgWY@*ìX

&45ë EEGÑbΊÅz{ÑbìT6,%œ/~J#ŸËVÃŒÛn�ÛZë™@*ìXºÔÅßg]~%œ/~JÑjVÃÁ™ŠêìXZkÐ#ŸJŒÛçV6,ΊÅÑb~¶ÑD�íßvic*Š{ŒÛnfe�TÐù¦Ô~ZŸ†ƒ@*ìX

u~iZZ+ÔÊzg™ä~qgzfs»gzwÒyÙX X2

JÑb (ii) ?!*iZg»ggzZð (i)

Z#iZZ+ÔÅßg]aZƒYCìÂ%œ/~Jcg¸Ã�Ûz|#™ŠêìXZ#ßvZ¹yh+™sB �Z[:

Æfg)ZŠZ5™D�Â#ŸËVÐig%œ/~JÆ0*k`Y@*ìXíËVŦÁƒYCìZzgZyÅŒÛnŠ¶ÅRö~¶WYCìZzgz{ÁŒÛnŠï�TÐù¦Ô~¶WCìX

iZZ+ÔÅqªÃŠg„™äÆa%œ/~JÑjV~ZŸ†™ŠêìXZkÐ#ŸJŒÛçV6,ΊÅÑb~ZŸ†™ä6,6gƒYD�íßë

YHnfe�TÐù¦Ô~¶WCìX

Zq-u~Z�ÛZïÜŠzg™ä~qgzfs»gzwÒyÙX X3

52Economics-XII

u»g~ya (i)

LRR (ii)

Z�ÛZïÜc*ºÔÅßg]~u»gÃúZòya~ZŸ†™**ec†êqgÂVÅyÔøVZzg (i) �Z[:

vÃVÅyz){XZkÐgziÇgÅR~ZŸ†ƒÇíWæã~ZŸ†ƒÇ�]yh+~ZŸ†»:L¶ÇXZk§bù¦Ô~ZŸ†ƒÇX

Ð%ZŠ¦Åz{²+‚ì&#ŸJ‡ây×~Å~%œ/~JÆ0*kc* LRR (ii)

ZL0*kgnp�XZ�ÛZïÜÅßg]~%œ/~J¦Å²+ÑbÁ™ŠêìíËVÆfg)ŒÛn�ÛZë™äÆa×~~ZŸ†ƒY@*ìZzgù·Ô~ZŸ†ƒY@*ìX

Z�ÛZïÜÊzg™ä~qâðÃt»Hgzwì? X4

qâðÃtÐ%ZŠHznÆfg)7ňJ-$ÆqíÐìXZ#âgX)qí(Áƒ@*ì �Z[:

ŒÛnheÅu(,|YCìXZ�ÛZïÜŠzg™äÆa%œ/~Jqd/õ IGÃÁ™ŠêìTÐZŠJgheÅ

¤‰Ü(,|YCìZzgù¦Ô~ÌZŸ†ƒY@*ìX6,yaƒ@*ìXZ¤/ZÝ (consumption) ‚~Üs 75 Zq-u~(,SƒðWæã» X5

gz9ƒÂqgzfsÅ+Bh4ïG

GEÙX 1000 »g~~ZŸ†Wæã~ÀZŸ† (i)

ÜsZyZY]~ÀZŸ† (ii)

MPC = 75% = 75/100 �Z[:3/4ª

MPS = 1–3/4 = 1/4

K = 1/MPS = 4

(i)

53 Economics-XII

(ii)

™zhgz9ìXqâðÜsgDyZzgqâðY 12000 Zq-u~WæãÅÂZiyR X6

ƒÏ? zhgz9ÆaXZzgZÝ»g~Šg»g ™ 20000 ìXuÅ5ÂZiyR 3:1 gDyÅÚ

™zhgz9 12000 = Šc*ì:WæãÅÂZiyR �Z[:

MPC:MPS = 3:1

™zhgz9 20000 = 5ÂZiyWæã

g<gf$ZzgJÑb~�ÛtÉÀŸ/õGX X7

g<gf$ZzgJÑbŠzâV»Èìz{ÑbT6,%œ/~J#ŸËVÃŒÛnŠêìXpg<gf$ �Z[:»m¿æCŒÛçVЃ@*ìZzgZk6,¿æCΊÅÑbÑ̓Cì²JÑb»mîsæCŒÛçVЃ@*ìZzgZk6,îsæCΊÅÑbÑ̓CìX

54Economics-XII

4- mçÞ8

u»g~PZzgum^…Òãß1ŸñÐÞÓ^l

âgaJ-ƒ@*ìÅæ]~Ó#ÖÅgzß1!ZzgZyZY]» 31 P:PZq-â1C‚w�JZ6,sÐ �

‚Ñ:Òyƒ@*ìX

PPPPÆÆÆÆZZZZëëë룣££œœœœ:::: ����

z‚bÅZiuâ„ X1

WæãZzgŠzªÅŠz!*g{Є X2

çÙZPx X3

u»g~»gz!*g~ZŠZg{»ZOx X4

çÙF,¹ X5

¾RZzg"gziÇg~~¶ X6

PPPPÆÆÆÆZZZZbbbbZZZZ ����

â1C)õÝ(P (a)

7)ZÝ(P (b)

õÝPu»gÅâ1CzßCVZzgâ1CZyZY]Å,ìX �

ZÝP:u»gÅ7zß1çVZzgZyZY]Å,ìX �

55 Economics-XII

er8æ‘çÖn^en^7

õÝzßà ZÝzß1V

ZŠJgZzgŠzu~f)ŠZgc*V �

L )LõÝ ŒÛçVÃzß1V �

Šzu~zß1V �

»gz!*g~õÝ � (Disinvestment) **ZÝ»g~ �

',ZÓgZ„ !*ßZô Ίzßw �

œ�

Ûzy´ÐæŠ �

:�

Ñ$k54øJ

GE�

:Zzgâ: �

õõõõÝÝÝÝzzzzßßßß1111VVVV ����

tu»gÆZU*NVÃÁ7™CX X1

tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~ZŸ†7™CX X2

ZZZZÝÝÝÝzzzzßßßß1111VVVV ����

tu»gÆZU*NVÃÁ™ŠîìX X1

tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~ZŸ†™ŠîìX X2

er8ì†5

õÝZyZY] ZÝZyZY]

56Economics-XII

Vw:9Z{ÔΊÅZŠZ5ZzgS Vw:ZjwŤ8-¯**Ô¥Ôi}ÔáÅyh+Zg~

õõõõÝÝÝÝZZZZyyyyZZZZYYYY]]]] ����

tu»gÆZU*NV~ZŸ†7™DX X1

tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~Ãð¶7™DX X2

ZZZZÝÝÝÝZZZZyyyyZZZZYYYY]]]] ����

tu»gÆZU*NV~ZŸ†™D�X X1

tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~¶™D�X X2

ÀõÝya – ÀõÝzß1V = õÝÄg{ �

õÝÄg{:Z#u»g»ÀõÝyaZkÅÀõÝzßCVÐic*Š{ƒX �

õõõõÝÝÝÝÄÄÄÄgggg}}}}ÆÆÆÆZZZZWWWW,,,,ZZZZ]]]] ����

tu»gÅñW,Š+ŠZg-V~ZŸ†™@*ìX X1

tu»gÅ)¢zg~ZyZY]ÅYïg~ŠêìX X2

tLÆ1ú~ZŸ†™@*ìX X3

Àya > QŠJgÆ´z{Àzß1V = âàÄg{þ �

ââââ1111CCCCÄÄÄÄgggg{{{{ÆÆÆÆZZZZWWWW,,,,ZZZZ]]]] ����

tZ�ÛZ¹ig~ZŸ†™@*ìX X1

oŒÛçVÆYw~úY@*ìX X2

toÅF,¹ÃÁ™@*ìX X3

âàÄg{ – ΊZŠZœV = Z’ZðÄg{ �

âàÄg}~ÐΊZŠZ°VÃ]äÐZ’ZðÄgzV»Ø¸ìX = Z’ZðÄg{ �

57 Economics-XII

ZZZZ’’’’ZZZZððððÄÄÄÄgggg}}}}ÆÆÆÆZZZZWWWW,,,,ZZZZ]]]] ����

ZkÐظì�z{ë0*ÎV»qDÓ#Ö6,H1ú7,}ÇX X1

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ΊÅZŠZ5ì X4

ZÝya (b) õÝya (a)

âàÄg{ (d) Z’ZðÄg{ (c)

58Economics-XII

PÄg{~�hŠc*YñÂ…Mì: Liabilities ZzgŠzu~ (Borrowings) Z¤/ZŠJg X5

ZÝÄg{ (b) õÝÄg{ (a)

âàÄg{ (d) Z’ZðÄg{ (c)

ZÝzß1!WMh� X6

(PF) 8Zp (b) !*iZg~ŒÛn (a)

qgz!*ÑX (d) ŒÛnÅŠz!*g{zßà (c)

Šg`fs~ÐÃy‚Ó#Ö»ZÝyaì? X7

ΊÅZŠZ5 (b) Z6sÅ9Z{ (a)

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™zhgz9ìÂâà 75000 (Borrowings) ™zhgz9ìZzgZŠJg 50,000 ËP~õÝÄg{ X8

Äg{HƒÇ?

™zhgz9 75000 (b) ™zhgz9 50,000 (a)

™zhgz9 125000 (d) ™zhgz9 25000 (c)

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59 Economics-XII

�zZáÎZÑ] 6

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30 ΊÅZŠZ5 (vi)

qgzfsÆŠgxy�Ût¥xÙX X15

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60Economics-XII

(,~g¶Å¢zg]ƒCìXtyz*yÆPþ§bOW,™}Ï?

"ñÌ',‚]ÅzzТzg~ZâñpgŠãÅ£',!*Šƒ_�TÅzzÐZyÅ©Zzœµg� X2

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Zg[gz9 60 Z’ZðÄg{

�zZáÎZÑ] 1

61 Economics-XII

ŒÛçVÅzZ3uâtyaYVì? X1

YèZkÐÓ#ÖÅf)ŠZg-V~¶WCìX �Z[:

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H�? (Capital Expenditure) Zݻg~ZyZY] X7

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WæãLÔðL – Vw:

62Economics-XII

�zZáÎZÑ] 3-4

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tu»gÆZU*NVÃÁ™ŠîìX (i)

63 Economics-XII

tu»gÅf)ŠZg-V~ZŸ†™ŠîìX (ii)

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64Economics-XII

â1CÄg{Hì?u6,7,äzZáZkÆZW,Z]6,û{ÙX X6

â1CÄg{ÀPZyZY]ÅÔZŠJgÃgh™ÔÀPzßCV6,iZZ+êCÙ™@*ìXªâ1CÄg{{mîg �Z[:ÐÓ#ÖÆfg)úZòZyZY]ÅŠÆÑÐa²/õ

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Z#u»g»ÀõÝyaZkÅÀõÝzßCVÐic*Š{ƒª�õÝÄg{õÝya» — õÝÄg{: �Z[:õÝzßCV6,ic*Š{ƒ@*ì

]aÛnkV

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gz9)™zh(

95 ZŠJgÃgh™ZÝ»g~zß1V (i

100 õÝZyZY] (ii

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65 Economics-XII

110 ZÝZyZY] (v

õÝÄg{ = õÝya – õÝzß1V (a �Z[:

= 100 – 80

= Rs. 20 Cr.

â1CÄg{ = õÝya( – )ZÝya – õÝzß1V – ZŠJgÃgh™ZÝ»g~zß1V (b

= 100 + 110 – 80 – 90

= Rs. 35 Cr.

Z’ZðÄg{ = â1CÄg{ – ΊÅZŠZ5 (c

= 35 – 10

= Rs. 25 Cr

66Economics-XII

5- mçÞ8

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67 Economics-XII

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70Economics-XII

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71 Economics-XII

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72Economics-XII

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Demonitization

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104Economics-XII

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Goods and Services Tax (GST)

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Meaning of GST

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105 Economics-XII

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106Economics-XII

Taxes Rates Under GST

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Impact of GST in India

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One India One Tax

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