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MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Subject Code: 8ACBB1A
Syllabus
Unit: I. Managerial Economics – Meaning, Nature and characteristics Scope-Relationship
with other disciplines – law of Demand – Objectives of firms.
Unit: II. Utility concepts – Law of Diminishing Marginal utility – Concept of consumer
surplus – indifference curve Analysis – Elasticity of Demand.
Unit: III. Factors of production- Law of returns – Law of Variable proportions – Law of
returns to scale – Economies of large scale production.
Unit: IV. Cost concepts – Cost output relationship in the short run and long run – Revenue
Analysis, Kind of market conditions – Price and output determination under perfect
competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition.
Unit: V. National Income – Concepts, measurement and difficulties in measurement –
inequalities of income – causes – merits and demerits.
Shrimati Indira Gandhi College
Department of Business Administration
Question Bank
Part – A
1. Define Economics
2. What is managerial Economics?
3. What are Giffen goods?
4. What is a firm?
5. Distinguish between demand curve and demand schedule.
6. Define Law of Demand
7. What is meant by demand
8. Is managerial economics is positive or normative
9. Why does the demand curve slope downwards
10. Why does the demand curve
11. What are all the various objectives of firm.
12. Define consumer surplus.
13. What is an indifference curve?
14. What is marginal utility?
15. Define elasticity of Demand?
16. Define demand forecasting?
17. Stat the definition of law of equi – marginal utility?
18. Find out consumer‟s surplus price actually paid Rs.2000 price prepaid to pay Rs.5000
19. What do you mean by scale of preference?
20. What is indifference map?
21. What is consumer equilibrium?
22. What is marginal rate of substitution?
23. Define indifference schedule.
24. Define law of diminishing marginal utility
25. Define production
26. Define productivity
27. Why do you get increasing returns in production?
28. How will you define economies of scale
29. What are the factors of production?
30. Define the various stages of Laws of production?
31. Define cobb-douglas production function.
32. Define an ISO Quant curve
33. What do you mean by production function?
34. What are the assumption of production function?
35. Explain the term of Law of variable proportion.
36. What do you mean by diseconomies of scale?
37. What is opportunity cost?
38. What is fixed cost?
39. What is cost?
40. What is a market?
41. Define monopoly
42. What is perfect completion?
43. Who is Oligopoly?
44. What is future market?
45. Define monopsony?
46. How would you classify the market on the basis of time?
47. What is Bilateral Monopoly?
48. What is GNP
49. What is national income.
50. What is wealth?
51. Define stock
52. What is flow?
53. What is per Capita Income?
54. What do you mean by NNP?
55. What are the various causes of inequalities of income?
PART – B
1. What are the objectives of the business firm?
2. Bring out the difference between economics and managerial economics.
3. Assess the relationship of managerial economies with other functional areas of
management.
4. Why does the demand curve slope downwards?
5. State the significance of Managerial economics?
6. What are the exceptions to law of demand – Explain.
7. Stat the role and significance of elasticity of Demand
8. Assess the importance and practical uses of indifference curve analysis.
9. What are the importance of the law of diminishing marginal utility?
10. List out the uses and importance of indifference curves?
11. Describe the important properties of indifference curve.
12. List out the types of utilities
13. Explain the different types of Economies of scale.
14. State and illustrate Cobb-Douglas production function.
15. State and explain the law of variable proportions.
16. Discuss the uses of land.
17. What are the various of economies of scale?
18. What are the advantages of small-scale production?
19. State the determinates of cost.
20. What are the purpose of revenue analysis?
21. What are the types of Oligopoly?
22. What are the features of monopolistic competition?
23. What are the factors determining national income?
24. What are the merits and demerits of inequalities of income?
25. Briefly explain net product method.
26. What are the difficulties in the calculation of national income?
27. Differentiate between out of pocket – cost and book cost?
28. What are the differences between marginal cost and overage cost.
29. Write a short notes on circular flow of income and goods.
30. How far is national income a reliable index of economies welfare?
PART – C
1. Explain the nature of managerial economics.
2. Bring out the scope of managerial economies.
3. What are the various Objectives of firm.
4. Explain in Detail – Law of Demand
5. Discuss the characteristics of managerial economics.
6. What are the fundamental concepts associated with managerial economics – Explain.
7. What are the different methods of measuring elasticity of demand?
8. Explain the law of diminishing marginal utility?
9. Discuss the characteristics of indifference curve in detail?
10. Discuss the concept of consumer surplus.
11. Discuss the law of variable proportions.
12. Explain the law of returns with suitable illustrations.
13. Bring out the role of factors of production in production.
14. How do you get „Economics of Scale‟? Explain the different types of economics of scale.
15. Write an essay on internal economics of large scale production function in decision –
making?
16. Illustrate how price determined under perfect completion.
17. Bring out and explain the features, merits and demerits of monopoly?
18. What are the important characteristics of perfect competition? Write the main points of
difference between perfect competition and monopolistic competition?
19. Analyze the short-run cost-output relationship with illustration.
20. Discuss the national income accounts.
21. What precautions would you take in the calculation of national income?
22. Discuss the merits and demerits of measuring national income.
23. Discus the concepts of national income.
MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION
Subject Code: 8CCBB4
Syllabus
Unit:I. Communication – Meaning process and significance objectives – principles – Types –
media – Barriers to communication – commercial terms and abbreviations.
Unit:II. Correspondence – Need, functions and kinds of business letters – Layout of Business
Letters – Enquiry and reply – offers and Quotations – Orders executions and
cancellation.
Unit:III. Claims and adjustments – Collection Letters – Sales promotion Letters – Circular
Letters.
Unit IV. Agency correspondence – Bank correspondence – Import and export correspondence
– Application letters.
Unit:V. Recommendations – Report writing – structure – reports - press reports – market
reports – Business reports – Modern means of electronic communication – internet –
E.mail – Video conferencing – Creating web page.
Shrimati Indira Gandhi College
Department of Business Administration
Question Bank
Part – A
1. Define Communication
2. What is meant by “Communication is a two way process”?
3. Define the factors of media
4. What do you mean by grapevine?
5. Write any two advantages of feedback in effective communication?
6. What are the various stages in communication cycle?
7. What do you mean by brain drain?
8. List down any two significant principles of communication?
9. List out any two objectives of communication?
10. What are the various types of Communication?
11. What is a business letter?
12. Mention any two uses of quotation?
13. What are the method of drafting correspondence?
14. What is meant by an enquiry?
15. What is meant by correspondence?
16. Explain the various kinds of business letters?
17. What do you mean by layout of letters?
18. Define Quotation.
19. Define Execution.
20. Define Cancellation.
21. Why sales promotion letters are written? Mention any two circumstances.
22. Define claim.
23. What is meant by a circular?
24. What are the advantages of circular letter?
25. Define adjustments?
26. Mention two uses of collection letters.
27. Give two examples for import and export correspondence.
28. What are the types of application letter?
29. What are the various parties that the bank has correspondence?
30. List any examples of agency correspondence?
31. Who is called special agent?
32. What are the types of mercantile agents?
33. What are the services rendered by a Bank?
34. Explain the various points to be remembered while writing a resume.
35. Define bill of exchange.
36. Who is called as a Drawer and Drawee?
37. What are the kinds of Bill of exchange?
38. Why are reports required in an organization?
39. Write any two advantages of video- conferencing.
40. Mention any two limitations of E-mail.
41. What is a business report?
42. What is WWW?
43. What is electronic communication?
44. What is a report?
45. Define market report?
46. Define Fax.
47. Define E-mail.
48. What is an internet?
49. Define press report
50. What are the classification of market reports.
51. What is memo?
52. What is a market report?
PART – B
1. Explain the various media for communication.
2. What are the main barriers to organization communication?
3. What is a communication process? Explain its objectives.
4. Explain the written communication of its significance
5. Explain the various benefits of communication.
6. What are the various kinds of orders?
7. What are the important terms used in offers are the important terms used in offers and
quotation?
8. Explain the functions of business letter.
9. List out the different types of business letters.
10. Under what circumstances order get cancelled. Explain.
11. What are basics for writing a letter?
12. Under what circumstances you will draft adjustments letter?
13. When you will draft circular letter? Explain
14. Briefly explain the stages of collection correspondence?
15. What are the situations that need circular letters?
16. Draft a letter complaining the dispatch of defective goods.
17. Draft a letter acknowledging receipt of goods and informing remittance by cheque.
18. Write a brief note on agency correspondence.
19. List the general contents of a Resume.
20. Explain the importance of export and import correspondence.
21. Write short on: (i) Market reports (ii) Business report.
22. What is the difference between an individual and committee report?
23. What are the characteristics of a good report?
24. Write a note on video conferencing?
25. Explain how a web page is hosted and created.
26. Discuss the steps in report writing
PART – C
1. Explain the types of communication with illustration.
2. List the barriers of communication and suggest measure to outcome it.
3. Explain the process of communication and the main objectives of communication in an
organization.
4. Explain various media of communication.
5. Explain the significance of communication.
6. Discuss the layout of a business letter with examples.
7. What are the essentials of a good business letter? Explain.
8. Explain the layout of formal and informal letter.
9. Discuss the functions of correspondence.
10. List out the features of offers and Quotations.
11. Present the features of sales promotion and collection letters.
12. List out the features of circular letter.
13. Write a note on „Collection Series‟
14. Write a note on „Sales Promotion Letter‟
15. Discuss the features of claims and adjustments.
16. Describe the modern means of electronic communication.
17. What are the deferent types of reports?
18. Briefly explain the purpose of each type.
19. Draft a resume for the post of receptionist in a MNC Company.
20. Write a note on the „Structure of a Report‟.
21. Explain in detail about the organization of a report.
Shrimati Indira Gandhi College
Department of Business Administration
Slow Learner Material
Subject :Managerial Economics
Subject Code: 8ACBB1A
Part – A
1. Define Economics.
Alfred Marshall the great English economist defines Economics as, “the study of mankind
in the ordinary business of life. “It deals with man‟s day to day life of his work, of his
income and of his expenditure.
2. What is managerial economics?
“The integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating
decision – making and forward planning by management”.
3. What are Giffen goods?
The poor people will demand more of inferior goods if their prices rise and demand less if
their prices fall.
4. What is a firm?
It is an organized entity designed to pursue certain well defined objectives.
5. Distinguish between demand curve and demand schedule.
Demand schedule is a table or statement showing how much of a commodity is demanded
(purchased) in a particular market at different prices. Demand curves are only graphical
representation of demand schedule.
6. Define Law of Demand.
The relationship between the quantity demanded and the price.
7. What is meant by demand?
The desire for the commodity plus the willingness to buy and the purchasing power to pay.
8. Is managerial economics is positive or normative?
Positive economics is descriptive in character telling things “as they are” while normative
economics deals with things as they “ought to be‟ or „should be‟. This is prescriptive in
character. Thus, managerial economics is mainly a normative economics.
9. Why does the demand curve slope downwards?
Because of the inverse relationship between the price and quantity demanded.
10. What are all the various objectives of firm?
(a) Profit maximization (b) Sales maximization (c ) Achieving leadership
(d) for avoiding potential competition. (e) for preventing Government intervention
and maintaining customer good will.
11. Define consumer surplus.
It is an extra satisfaction obtained by a consumer by buying things at a price lower than he
is willing to pay.
12. What is an indifference curve?
An indifference curve shows different combinations of two commodities which give the
consumer an equal satisfaction.
13. What is marginal utility?
The utility of the one unit of the commodity or one more units of the commodity. It is the
extra satisfaction or additional satisfaction.
14. What do you mean by utility?
Utility means usefulness. It means the capacity of a commodity to satisfy human wants.
15. Define elasticity of demand.
The relationship between small changes in price and the consequent changes in the amount
demanded is known as elasticity of demand. This tells us the rate of change.
16. Define demand forecasting.
It product at a future period under given circumstances.
17. State the definition of law of equi- marginal utility.
It explains the behavior of the consumer who has to make a choice out of many given
commodities and services on which he can spend his limited amount of money.
18. Find out consumer surplus
Price actually paid 2000/- and price prepaid to pay 5000/-
Price prepaid to pay = 5000
Price actually paid = 2000
Consumer surplus = 3000
19. What do you mean by scale of preference?
The order of preference is known as „Scale of preference‟. It is a device by which the
utilities of commodities are compared and chosen.
20. What is indifference map?
An indifference map of a consumer represents his tastes for the two goods and his
preference as lecturer different combinations of them. Thus, it displays consumer‟s scale of
preference.
21. What is consumer equilibrium?
It means the consumer attains equilibrium when he gets the maximum satisfaction with the
available income and price of the two commodities.
22. What is marginal rate of substitution?
The rate at which an under dual will exchange successive units of one commodity for
another. This tells us how much the consumer substitutes one commodity with another or
how much one commodity is exchanged for another commodity.
23. Define indifference schedule.
It is a statement of various combinations of two goods that will be equally acceptable to the
consumer. The various combinations give the consumer equal satisfaction and as such, he is
indifferent to various combinations.
24. Define law of diminishing marginal utility
The additional satisfaction we get in consuming the successive units of the commodity will
go on diminishing.
“The additional benefit which a person derives from a given increase of his stock of a thing
diminishes with every increase in the stock of a thing that he already has”.
-Alfred Marshall.
25. Define Production.
„Production is the organized activity of transforming resources into finished products in the
form of goods and services; and the objective of production is to satisfy the demand of such
transformed resources”.
Production is a process of in which the physical inputs are transformed into physical output.
-James Batees and J.R.Parkinson
26. Define Productivity
P=Output (Minimize the input Maximize the output)
Input
27. Why do you get increasing returns in production?
The increasing returns where the total product, the marginal product and average product
are increasing
28. How will you define economics of scale?
Economics arise purely due to endogenous factors relating to efficiency of the entrepreneur
of his managerial talents or the type of machinery used or the marketing strategy adopted.
29. What are the factors of production?
Land Labour, Capital and Organization.
30. Define Cob-Douglas production function.
A – KlaC
(1-a)
Where „Q‟ is output, „L‟ the quantity of labour and „C‟ the quantity of capital „K‟ and „a‟
are positive constants.
Labour contributed about 3/4 th
and capital about 1/4th
of the increase in the manufacturing
production. It shows constant returns to scale.
31. Define ISO – Quant Curve
ISO – Quant curve or equal product curve indicates all possible combination of two input
which are capable of producing the same level of output.
32. Define the various stages of Laws of production?
(i) Increasing returns to stage (ii) negative returns to stage
(iii) Diminishing returns to stage
33. What do you mean by production function?
It expresses the relationship between the combination of inputs and outputs.
34. What are the assumption of production function?
(i)It is divisible (ii) It can be situated to a short run or to a long run. (iii) there is no change in
technology. (iv) It is related to a particular period of time.
35. Explain the team of law of variable proportion?
It is the fundamental law of production which consists two phases, namely the law of
increasing returns and the law of diminishing returns operates with a particular level of
technology. The law which examines the relationship between one variable factor and
output keeping the quantities of other factors fixed.
36. What do you mean by diseconomies of scale?
Increase in cost per unit at larger scale of output attributable to the loss of control associated
with attempting to manage a larger organization.
37. What is opportunity cost?
It is the next best alternative use of the commodity that is sacrificed; It is used in the long
run decisions.
38. What is fixed cost?
Fixed costs will not very with the changes in output and otherwise called as constant costs,
supplementary costs or overhead expenses.
39. What is cost?
It refers to the summation of all costs incurred by the firm.
40. What is a market?
It is the act or technique of buying and selling. If refers to a public place in which goods and
services are bought and sold.
41. Define monopoly.
It denotes a single seller or producer having the control over the market.
42. What is perfect competition?
„Rational conduct on the part of buyers and sellers, full knowledge, absence of friction,
perfect mobility and perfect divisibility of factors of production and completely static
conditions”. -Frank Knight
43. Who is oligopoly?
If refers to that form of imperfect competition where there will be only a few sellers
producing either a homogeneous product or products which are close substitutes. But not
perfect substitutes.
44. What is future market?
Those transactions which income contracts of the future date.
45. Define monopoly?
If refers to a market in which there is a single layer or a single purchasing agency. A single
seller faces a single buyer in the market.
46. How would you classify the „market‟ on the basis of time?
(i)very-short period market (ii) short-period market
(iii) long period market (iv) very-long period or secular market
47. What is Bilateral monopoly?
It is a situation in which a monopolist faces or monopolist (ie) a single seller faces a single
buyer in the market. Ex: A tea estate owner supplying raw materials to a tea manufacturing
company in the area.
48. Define GNP.
It is defined as the money value at market prices of all final good and services produced by
an economy during a given year.
49. What is national income?
It refers to „total national output‟ or „Value of a nations‟ output during a specific year
(usually one year)
50. What is wealth?
They are physical stock of goods.
51. What is flow?
Flow represents quantities of things over a period of time.
52. Define Stock.
It represents quantities of things in existence at a particular moment.
53. What is Percapita Income?
Percapita Income = GNP
Population
When the national income is divided by the population of the country. We get the per capita
income of the country in a given year.
54. What do your mean by NNP?
Net production of goods and services in a country during the year. It is GNP minus the
value of capital consumed or depreciation during the year.
55. What are the various causes of inequalities of income?
(i) capitalistic tinge (ii) system of private property (iii) the law of inheritance
(vi) monopolies and pressure groups (v) mobility of factors (vi) occupational differences.
*******
Shrimati Indira Gandhi College
Department of Business Administration
Subject :Managerial Communication
Slow Learner Material
Subject Code: 8CCBB4
1. Define Communication
Communication is an exchange of or transfer of an information from one person to another
person.
2. What is meant by „Communication is a two way process”?
Communication is a two way process because an exchange of fact, ideas, opinions or
emotions of two or more persons.
3. Define the factors media
It helps in communicating the informing quickly covering the yielder area.
4. What do you mean by grape vine?
It is an informal channel of communication. It follows no set lines, any definite rules, but
spreads like the grape vine, in any direction, anywhere and spreads fast.
5. Write any two advantages of feedback in effective communication.
1. It is the receiver‟s response to the message.
2. It will tell how well the message has understood the message tell how well the message
has understood the message and how successful the communication process has been.
6. What are the various stages in the communication cycle?
The sender
The receiver‟s feedback
The channel.
7. What do you mean by brain drain?
It refers to breakdowns in the communication cycle. The sender the channel and the receiver
are the three components of the communication cycle.
8. List down any two significant principles of communication.
clarity, completeness, integrity and uses of informal communication.
9. What are the various types of communication?
To influence some action so as to promote the common welfare of a group or an
organization. Objectives of communication: * Information
*Advice
*Raising morale and mutation
10. What is business letter?
*It serves as a record for further reference.
*It is used as a legal document and to build goodwill
11. Mention any two uses of Quotation?
*It is a specific offer for sale.
*It is made in response to an enquiry from a particular person or business house.
12. What are the methods of drafting correspondence?
Correspondence means communication through letter and it may be in the form of based on
style and tone, relationships and content.
13. What is meant by an enquiry?
When a buyer wishes to get some information about the quantity, price, availability etc., of
goods to be purchased or about the terms of sale etc., and this is called an enquiry.
14. What is meant by correspondence?
It means communication through letter. Such communications may be between friends on
matters of personal interest or between individuals, firms or companies on matters of trade
and commerce.
15. Explain the various kinds of letter?
Letters of enquiry and replies, order, complaint letters, sales letters, circular letters,
collection letters, agency letters and good will letters.
16. What do you mean by layout of the letter?
The arrangement of the different parts of a business letter is fixed by custom and makes a
world of difference in the impression it conveys.
17. Define Quotation
It gives the details about the prices of the specific goods designed, terms of payment, and
conditions of delivery.
18. Define Execution
The acknowledgement of an order must express the seller‟s pleasure and gratitude, must
appreciate the customers interest in the goods and must be a medium of mentioning the
favourable aspects of the goods, terms and services.
19. Define Cancellation
A business house may home to refuse or decline an order under unavailable circumstances
like an order received directly from a retailer of a particular locality where a retail selling
agency has already been granted to a dealer of the locality.
*Unsound financial position of the customer.
*Sudden bankruptcy of the customer.
20. Why sales promotion letters are written? Mention any two circumstances.
Sales promotion letter has to educate, persuade and convince the customer to buy a
particular product or service.
Example: *A sales letter about steel tables *A sales letter having an economy appeal.
21. Define claim.
The moment any discrepancy or mistake is discovered by any trader he must immediately
bring it to the notice of the supplier by writing a letter of complaint or claim.
22. What is meant by a circular.
On certain occasions a business man has to communicate some message to large number of
customers and suppliers for this purpose, he uses circular letters – letters that circulate the
same message.
23. What are the advantages of the circular letters?
*To obtain publicity for a cause, a campaign, or a product.
*To make the reader interested in their contents.
*To gain the confidence of the reader.
*To impress the reader with facts and information about the firm, its policy and the events
which may have necessitated the sending of the circular.
24. Define adjustments.
Replies to complaints are called adjustments. They require the most delicate and skillful
handling, as they have not only to satisfy the customer but also safeguard the business
interests and reputation of the writer.
25. Mention two uses of collection letters.
*The contents and style of the collection letter should be determined keeping in view the
customer‟s usual conduct and his circumstances.
*The “you” attitude should be used to convince the debtor that it is to his own advantage to
pay.
26. Give two examples for import and export correspondence
*Advice to the customer about the shipment sent.
*A letter acknowledging the receipt of Indent.
27. What are the types of application letters?
There are two types of application letters.
Solicited application letters are written in response to an advertisement.
Unsolicited application letters are written at the writer‟s initiative.
28. What are the various parties that the bankers correspondence?
Letters between a bank and its customers, letters from the head office of a bank to its
branches and vice versa and letter from one Bank to another.
29. List any two examples of agency correspondence?
*Offer of agency by the principal.
*Application for agency by a prospective agent.
*Announcement by the agent regarding obtaining agency.
30. Who is called special agent?
A special agent is appointed to do a particular business act for a specific period only.
31. What are the types of mercantile agent?
*Commission agent *Broker *Commercial traveler *Local agent
32. What are the services rendered by a bank?
*Opening a current account.
* Request for a loan.
*Service provided for Deposits and Borrowers.
*Provision of credit in the form of (a) cash credit, overdrafts and discounting bills.
33. Explain the various points to be remembered while writing a resume?
*You attitude.
*Clear and concisely presented information.
*Specific and pertinent information relevant to the job.
* Natural style, no borrowed material.
*No slangs and uncommon expressions.
*Customized letter.
*No grammatical, Spelling and Punctuation errors.
*Frank, direct and business like presentation of facts; no exaggerations no his.
34. Define Bill of exchange.
The exporter secures payment for his shipments through a bill of exchange drawn on the
importer and sent through his (exporter‟s) bank.
35. Who is called as a Drawer and Drawee?
Drawer: He is a person who draws the bills of exchange. He is also known‟s as broker.
Drawee: He is the creditor and he has to receive the money from the other person or firm.
36. What are the kinds of Bill of Exchange?
*Demand Bills * Time Bills * Trade Bills * An inland Bills * Foreign Bill
37. Why are reports required in an organization.
(i)Functional areas of reports.
*Informational functions: Vital information on.
* how production, sales, promotional activities are functioning.
*whether polices are being satisfactorily implemented.
*whether legal, procedural and regulatory provisions are being followed.
* helps to create data base for future reference.
(ii)Analytical functions:
*Helping in decision making.
*Playing a persuasive role.
38. Write any two advantages of video – conferencing.
*Better connectivity with outside world.
*Opportunities to learn about different cultures.
*Saving of time, money and energy.
*Discussion and collaboration even while being physically remote.
39. Mention any two limitations of E-mail.
*Don‟t send sensitive, Critical or confidential company information through e-mails.
*Don‟t highlight a message unless it is absolutely necessary.
*Don‟t over-use capital letters.
40. What is a business report?
*It carries information from someone who has it to someone who needs it.
*A report is a basic management tool used in decision – making.
*It is an objective impartial presentation of facts with or without interpretation, comment or
recommendation.
41. What is WWW?
World Wide Web comprises millions of web pages containing text, pictures or graphics on
computers connected to the Internet.
*It is one of the services provided by the Internet
*It is a collection of interconnected documents.
*Use only one languages – the http protocol.,
42. What is electronic communication?
*It is quicker, safer and less distortion or misrepresentation of message.
*It is possible to communicate with anyone in any part of the world.
43. What is a report?
It is used to mean a sum total of ascertained facts.
44. Define market report.
Market reports are special types of reports which give information to business transactions
in an organized and recognized market for a special period.
45. Define Fax.
The world fax is short for facsimile, which means „a copy‟. So fax suggests a mode of
sending copies of documents.
The fax technique has three main advantages.
*It is inexpensive.
*It can be used to transmit any kind of message.
Business letters are either sent by a fax or replaced by fax messages.
46. Define E-mail.
*E-mail is a written form of communication.
*E-mail is a highly effective, low-cost method.
*It is cheaper and faster than a letter.
*It is a high-speed communication and information transfer mode.
47. What is an internet?
*The internet is a computer network made up of thousands of networks.
*Reaching customers in remote, isolated places both nationally and globally.
*Getting information from external sources.
*Sharing information, Views, Solutions.
*Creating and improving corporate image, particularly useful for small business houses.
48. Define press report?
A press report is a report by a reporter, correspondent of Bureau, Specially prepared for
publication in newspapers, periodicals, special journals etc to enable numerous people
simultaneously to read the news of their choice.
49. What are the classification of market reports?
*Product Exchange.
*Manufactured goods market.
*Bullion market.
*Stock Exchange market.
*Money market.
50. What is memo?
*A memo is used for internal communication between executives and subordinates or
between officers of the same level.
*It is never sent outside the organization.
51. What is a market report?
Market reports are special types of reports which give information to business transactions
in an organized and recognized market for a special period.
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