subhajit basu school of law queen’s university belfast
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Digital Inclusion: ICT for Rural (Real) India. Subhajit Basu School of Law Queen’s University Belfast. ICT in Development. ‘a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy’ Amartya Sen (1999) Nobel Laureate in Economics. ICT in Development. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Subhajit BasuSchool of Law
Queen’s University Belfast
Digital Inclusion: ICT for Rural (Real) India
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ICT in Development
‘a process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy’
Amartya Sen (1999)Nobel Laureate in Economics
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ICT in Development
Development requires removal of sources of disparity:• Income and non-income (capability) poverty• Tyranny and intolerance• Poor economic opportunities and social
deprivation
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ICT in Development
Removal of Disparity depends on:• Social and economic arrangements• Political and civil rights• Technological progress • Social modernisation
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India•Population --1,080,264,388 (around 70% lives in rural area)• Area -- 3,287,590 sq km (more than 600,000+ villages)• Political subdivisions-- 28 states,7 union territories• Literacy--55.2 %• Per-capita income-- 0.4 $ per day
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India
Can technology make any difference to these people?
Can they afford these technologies?
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India: Problem Associated with ICT
Projects
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Intermittent, inconsistent electrical power
e-choupal kiosk in Kodia, Madhya Pradesh
Problem Associated with ICT Projects
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VSAT for kiosk in Kodia, Madhya Pradesh n-Logue corDECT wireless tower
•Scarce and unreliable telephone system•Unreliable Internet connectivity
Problem Associated with ICT Projects
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Locally relevant content
Problem Associated with ICT Projects
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Problem Associated with ICT Projects
Socio factor such as gender inequality, religious communal difference
Self centered political leader, party and corruption
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ICT Applications for Development: India
Tele-Medicine Tele-Agriculture e-Veterinary e-Education e-Governance Low cost Rural ATM Multiparty Video conferencing E-Mail, SMS, Browsing through Low cost
Messaging Terminals
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India: ICT Project Examples
Name of the Project
Purpose Future planes
Akshaya Making a district E-literate, limited employment generation.
Delivery of multiple service at Akshaya centers and expand it to other districts
Bhoomi Issue of Land title at 177 Bhoomi kiosks and through privately owned kiosks
Expand rural kiosk network
Drishtee Creating a network of privately owned kiosks for e access to info, government and service commercial
Expand Network to cover new kiosk
E-choupal The prime target is farmer. Farmers get information about seeds’ price, etc
Scale to more users
N-Logue Multipurpose Internet kiosks based on WILL
Expand for commercial utilization
Gyandoot Connecting rural cyber café catering the everyday needs of the masses.
Extend for global Internet
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Example: n-Logue
Services:
Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
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One Example: n-Logue Services:
Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
Email, Chatting, Video conferencing etc
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Example: n-Logue Services:
Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
Teaching computer, distance education
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Rural Education - Pilot ICT in Rural Districts of Pune
ICT in Development
Mobile Computer Labs
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Example: n-Logue
Services: Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
DTP, MSWord
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Devices for enabling easy input in Indian languages.
Source; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
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Example: n-Logue
Services: Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
Use of the web cam for photography
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Example: n-Logue Services:
Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
Weather forecasting, Disease detection, soil analysis
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Farmers can access Agri-extension services.
They can ask questions in their own language and get information more relevant to the local context.
web-basedarchivedsearchablemultilingual
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FM Radio : Agriculture Dissemination Systems
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• Latest Agriculture technologies
• Weather
• Crop, pesticides, seeds
• Goverment Schemes
• Market rates
Pilot ICT Project in Pune
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Example: n-Logue Services:
Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
Consulting with doctors in city by sending online images of the animal
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Rural ATM
Urban ATMs cost Rs.8 lakhs
Develop a rural AT for Rs. 40k
Will generate cash flow in rural areas at market defined interest rates
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Services: Communication
Education
Computer Education
Remote tutorial
Typing
Photography
Agriculture
Veterinary
Health Care
Remote diagnostic tools, Consulting with doctors in city
n-Logue: Tele-Medicine - Remote Eye Care
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Tele-Medicine - Remote Cardiac care
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Remote Monitoring Diagnostic Medical kit
A kit consisting of BP, Temperature, ECG measurement and Stethoscope for £13
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List of Some ICT (Development) Projects in India
eSeva, Integrated Citizen Services, Andhra Pradesh
Lok Mitra and Jan Mitra Projects from Rajasthan
e- BillPost and e- Post Services of the Department of Posts
RASI (Rural Access to Services through the Internet) earlier called SARI and n- Logue Communications
Gyandoot Community Information Centre
(CIC) Project (Dept. of Info Tech., Govt.of India)
Bhoomi
Drishtee dot. com Ltd. ITC eChoupal Kuppam i- community, Andhra
Pradesh Akshaya- Kerala Govt's Hundred
Percent ICT Literacy Project Information Village Research
Project- IVRP by MSSRF Swayam Krishi Sangam (SKS) TARAhaat GRAMDOOT M. S. Swaminathan Foundation
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ITC e-Choupal, India ( Example 2)
Web based information and procurement tools for Indian farmers, supported by ITC (large private conglomerate in India)
About 5,700 e-choupals (gathering place) are established which provides a point for information exchange to farmers, as well as an e-commerce hub
Each e-choupal serves approximately 10 villages within 5 kilometers radius, managed by a sanchalak (coordinator) who is hired locally and will become the local entrepreneur
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Lokvani: E-Governance in Rural India (Example 3)
What is Lokvani? Lokvani Kiosk
Lokvani is an internet kiosk based system for providing various information, services and public grievance redress in a transparent, accountable and time-bound manner
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ICT for Women’s Empowerment
Community Radio- Deccan Development Society Community Radio- Kutch Mahila Vikas
Sangathan (KMVS): Sisu Samrakshak ICT- enabled Child health care
by UNICEF Change Initiatives- Nabanna- Empowering
women 94 SEWA
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Women Self-help Group – Micro Enterprise Training
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A tractor and cart in Madhya Pradesh
A well-water hand-pump in Madhya Pradesh
Teachers in Karnataka
I Don’t KNOW
Conclusion: Is a PC the best way to spend $1000 in a poor village?
Mid day Meals in School
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References
Paul, J. (2004) What works: n-Logue’s rural connectivity model. World Resources Institute. http://www.digitaldividend.org/pdf/nlogue.pdf
n-logue website:
http://www.n-logue.com/services.htm Different Websites