SUB-MODULE. 3

RESULTS CHAIN

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAININGQuality Assurance and Results Department (ORQR.2)

I. Introduction to the RLF

II. Participatory Approach for RLF development

III. The results chain

IV. Performance indicators

V. Means of verification

VI. Risks and mitigation measures

6 Sub-Modules

TRAINING CONTENT

2RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

Evaluation

I. Test at end of training

II. Multiple choice, open questions and case studies

I. Definition of the Results Chain

II. Elements of the Results Chain

III. Elements of the Results Chain - Examples

IV. Results Chain - Attribution and Contribution

V. Considerations

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CONTENT: SUB-MODULE 3

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

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OBJECTIVE: SUB-MODULE 3

At the end of this module, Bank staff should be able to:

Understand the cause-effect relationship between elements of the results chain.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

I. Definition of the Results Chain (1/2)

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The results chain is a casual sequence of cause-effect relationships leading a development operation to achieve its objectives.

It starts with the availability of inputs, moving through activities and outputs and culminating in outcomes, impacts and feedback.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

Country and project name:Project objective:

Results ChainPerformance indicators Means of

verificationRisks and mitigation measures

Indicator Baseline Target

Impact

OutcomesOutcome1Outcome2 … etc.

OutputsComponent 1Output 1.1 Output 1.2 … etc.Component 2Output 2.1Output 2.2 … etc.

Key activityComponent 1:Component 2:

InputsComponent 1:Component 2:

I. Definition of the Results Chain – The Results Chain in the RLF (2/2)

6RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain (1/6)

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Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Activities

Inputs

Project objective

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Inputs (2/6)

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Definition:The financial, human and material resources used for the development intervention

Example of inputs (by component, co-financing to be included): UA, time, supplies, energy, etc.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Activities (3/6)

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Definition : Actions taken or work performed through which inputs, such as funds, technical assistance and other types of resources are mobilized to produce specific outputs.

Examples of activities (by component): Designing new business management study

programs Produce teacher training materials (texts, guides) Develop procedure manuals Conduct a diagnostic study on financial control

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Outputs (4/6)

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Definition :

The products, capital goods and services which result from a development intervention.

Project outputs results directly from a project/program and are attributable to the project activities and contribute to the outcome of the project.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Output features

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The outputs are attributable to project activities.

Only outputs that may result from the project are included.

Outputs are defined precisely as results: ‘built and ready for use’

All outputs are feasible within the inputs available.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Examples of Outputs

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Cross-border road between country X and Y built and opened to public.

Poor farmers trained in sustainable farming practices.

Classrooms and laboratories built and ready for use.

Schools building constructed.

The community members trained.

Dental clinic built and operating.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Outcomes (5/6)

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Definition :

The likely or achieved short-term and medium-term effects of an intervention´s outputs. Intended or unintended change derived directly or indirectly from an intervention.

They materialize when beneficiaries begin to use the outputs of the project

Outcomes contribute to the impact of the development intervention.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Outcomes features

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Contribute to the project development impact (they do not achieve it alone)

Outcomes are not reformulations of outputs

Direct causal logic between the outcomes and the impact (refer to the CSP or Core Sector Indicators): no steps are skipped.

Outcomes are measurable.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Examples of Outcomes

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Rice productivity increase.

Travel time reduced (From A to B).

Diarrhea rates for children under 5 reduced.

Households connected to potable water supply.

Tertiary school attendance rates increase.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

II. Elements of the Results Chain – Impacts (6/6)

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Definition :

Impacts are long-term effect produced by a development intervention, directly or indirectly, intended or unintended.

In the RLF, the impact is essentially an objective that is aligned with the country development priorities considered by the project.

Examples :

Improve living conditions in rural areas. Vulnerability to climate change mitigated. Improve intra-regional trade. Proportion of households living below the poverty line

reduced.RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

III. Elements of the Results Chain – Example

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•Trainers•ORT supplies•Funding

•Design media campaign targeted at mothers•Print & distribute ORT training materials

• 8 media campaigns completed• 20 health professionals trained in ORT

•Reduced incidence of childhood Diarrhea• Increased maternal knowledge of oral rehydration therapy (ORT)• Increased access to ORT services

Reduce by two-thirds the under-five moratity rate (Goal 4)

Inputs

Activities

Outputs

Outcome

Impact

EFFEC

TS

IMP

LEM

EN

TA

TIO

N

RESULTS

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

IV. Results Chain - Attribution and Contribution

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This distinction is key in the results chain – a question of degree

From Activities to Outputs – attribution Met during project implementation.

From Outputs to Outcomes – contribution – influence of others factors and interventions Facilitates long term changes.

From Outcomes to Impacts – contribution Long-term effects.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

V. Considerations

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Each statement of the Results Chain:

Addresses a particular cause-effect

relationship between the elements of the results

chain.

Expresses a single idea.

Target groups need to be defined - geographic

location, economic welfare status, gender, age.

One or several results lead to a result in the next

level of the results chain.

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

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Your one-stop shop to

quality assurance

and results

reporting tools used

throughout the

project cycle

RESULTS BASED LOGICAL FRAMEWORK TRAINING

ACCESSIBLE THROUGH THE INTRANET

Quality Assurance Assistant