sub 1.4 - lymphatic system (part 1)
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PREPARED BY :
EN. MUHD FAZLI DOLLAH
BIOLOGY FORM 5
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Describe the formation of interstitial fluid
2. State the composition of interstitial
fluid3. State the importance of interstitial
fluid
4. Describe the fate of interstitial fluid5. Describe the structure of the
lymphatic system
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THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Part of the circulatory system & immune system.
A closed system consist of a network of lymphatic
vessels, ducts & nodes.
No pump, the fluid (lymph ) id squeeze along thelymphatic vessels by pressure associated withmovements of skeletal muscles, intestinal movements
& breathing.
Thymus & spleen are important organs of lymphaticsystem.
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F ORMATION OF
INTERSTITIAL F LUID
Blood flows from arteries
capillaries, there is a higher
hydrostatic pressure at the arterial
end of the capillaries
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LYMPHATIC FLUID
Oxygenated blood @ arterial end of the
capillaries high pressure force water &
dissolved substances out capillary wall
interstitial spaces (spaces between cells)
interstitial fluid/ tissue fluid/ extracellular fluid.
Erythrocytes & plasma protein are too large to
pass through remain in the capillary.
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COMPOSITION OF INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Contains water + dissolved oxygen + amino acids +glucose + fatty acids + glycerol + vitamins + minerals +hormones.
An adult has ~11 litres of interstitial fluid providing thecells of the body with nutrients & a means of wasteremoval.
At the venous end of the capillary 90% absorbs by
blood consists of water, minerals & waste products.
The rest passes back into the BCS as lymph via theLYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
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The Importance of Interstitial Fluid
Carries dissolved substances (O2,
amino acids, glucose, fatty acids,
glycerol, vitamins, minerals &hormones) to cells for exchange.
Carries waste products (CO2, urea,
etc.) into BCS.
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THE FATE OF INTERSTITIAL FLUID
10% of interstitial fluid drains into thelymphatic capillaries forming lymph.
Move due to the contraction & relaxation of
skeletal muscles backflow is prevented by
semilunar valves.
Lymph in the right lymphatic duct & thethoracic duct flows into the right & left
subclavian veins of the BCS, respectively.
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THE STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
Starts from the minute blind-ended tubesincluding lacteals (in the ileum) & lymphaticcapillaries in other tissues.
Lymphatic capillaries form largerlymphatic vessels lymphatics.
Semilunar valves are present along thelymphatics.
Lymphatics from all parts of the body twolarge ducts the right lymphatic duct, thethoracic duct.
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THE STRUCTURE OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Situated at intervals along the lymphaticsare the oval-shaped structures lymphnodes (neck, armpits & groin).
Lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes produce antibodies & play an importantrole in the body·s immune system.
Phagocytes in the lymph nodes help toremove bacteria.
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