su houng lee – (exhic coll.) 1. recent findings of “multiquark states” 2. statistical vs...
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1
Su Houng Lee – (ExHIC coll.)
1. Recent findings of “Multiquark states”
2. Statistical vs Coalescence model for hadron production
3. Exotic production in HIC
4. Summary
Exotics from Heavy Ion Collision
2
I: Recent findings of “Multiquark states”
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/JKB
MeV 5.06.00.3872 M
- 2003 -
X(3872)
- 2013 -
4
' KB
MeV 244433 M
MeV syststat45 3013
1813
- 2007 -
- 2014 -
Spin parity = 1+
Z(4430)
ICG 1
G=+ will look at C=-
5
/Jee
MeV 9.46.30.3899 M
MeV 201046
- 2013 -
BESIII
Z(3900)
Probably the same Quantum Number as Z(4430)
/ )3900( 0 JZ
' )4430( 0Z
10)3872( PCG JIX
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Hence,
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Width of 011
13 250 AVg
AVmgL AAV
- A1(1260) + r p
55.0 45 AVg- Z(3900) J/ + y p
56.0 45 AVg- Z(4430) y‘ + p
2112
2
8
1
8
1
AV
AVA gpp
m
VA
A Vp1p
GeV 16VA
GeV 2.2VA
GeV 5.2VA
Although quark content is [(cu)(cd)], overlap is very small
Z
7
c
c
q
q
1 2
3 4
Quark wave function for Tetraquark - wave and spin 1 - Woosung Park (Thesis) -
Color cccccccccccc 8818811143233313
Spin 110110002/12/12/12/1 VVVVVVVVVVVV
Color singlet Color singlet
Spin 1
VV n conjugatio Charge
PP n conjugatio ChargePV 0
VV 1
quark
antiquark
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c
c
q
q
1 2
3 4
Quark wave function for s-wave S=1 Tetraquark (Park,SHL14)
C=+
C=-
Color Spin
qqccqqcc VV11 qqccqqcc VV88
qqccqqcc VP11 qqccqqcc VP88
qqccqqcc PV11 qqccqqcc PV88
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Hamiltonian
4
1
42
224
3
2i ji
SSij
Cij
cj
ci
i
ii VV
m
pmH
Da
r
rV ij
ij
Cij
20
MeV 5259 MeV, 1870 MeV, 337 bcdu mmmm
jirr
ijji
SSij
ijerrmm
V 0/
20
1
Using Brink, Stancu 98
fm 4545.0 MeV, 5.913
,fm) (MeV 0326.0 , fm MeV 67.192
0
1/2-10
rD
a
Ground state of C=+ (Woosung Park, SHL 14)
/11 JVV qqccqqcc
DDX of state boundmolecular )3872(Or
X(3872) 88 qqccqqcc VV
10
State with C=- (Woosung Park, SHL 14)
c
Or Z(4430) and Z(3900) are molecular states:
qqccqqcc VP11
qqccqqcc VP88
qqccqqcc PV11
qqccqqcc PV88
)4430(Z
/JGround state
DDZ )3900( DDZ 1)4430(
Or Z(4430), X(3872) can be mixture of tetraquark and molecule
Navara, Nielsen, Lee, Phys. Rept (11)
)3900(Z
11
q
q
q
q
Why only heavy tetraquarks ?? (qq) vs (qq) attraction
Introducing
cqq mmss
13 21
cqq mmss
11 31
cqqcqq 331But
cc
c
c
q
q
qcqccqq mmmm
ss11
3 21
111 31
qqcccqq mmmm
ss
Introducing cc
c
q
c
q
qqcccqq mmmm
ss11
3 21
111 31
qcqccqq mmmm
ss
qc mm 5
qc mm 5
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Tetra-quark – hadronic weak decay modes
KKBD )( )bc(udT 000cb
1+ u d c c u dc c 0- 1-)cc(udT1cc
22 4
1
4
3
c
B
u
B
m
C
m
C
cu
M
cu
M
mm
C
mm
C
4
1
4
3
- Binding against decay = - 79.3 MeV
Previous works on TccZ. Zouzou, B. Silverstre-Brac, C. Gilgnooux, J Richard (86), D. Janc, M. Rosina (04), Y. Cui,
S. L. Zhu (07)
QCD sum rules: F Navarra, M. Nielsen, SHLee, PLB 649, 166 (2007)
simple diquark: SHL, S. Yasui, W.Liu, C Ko EPJ C54, 259 (2008), SHL, S. Yasui: EPJ C (09)
SHL, S Yasui, W Liu, C Ko (08)
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Question 1: Are X(3872), Z(3900),Z(4430) molecular states or multiquark states
Question 2: Where can we find flavor exotic multiquark states
Answer for both 1 and 2: From HIC
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Normal meson
Tetraquark Molecule
Geometri-cal config-
uration
u uud
ud
uu
ud
Normal meson, Tetraquark and Molecule
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Naïve Bag Model for Multiquark states
43 MeV) 200( , 04.2 where, 3
4 BRB
RNE qnucleon
u uud
ud
4/1
3
34 q
qqquark N
R
N
V
N
B
NR
dR
dE qnucleon
4 0 4
B
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II: Statistical vs Coalescence model for Hadron production in Heavy Ion Collision
-Production of hadrons
-Production of light nuclei
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ud
c
dup
cu
p
b
a
C
a
c
dg
ccCdcbaapabbXCp
xDdxGxGd ///
b
Ga/p
Gb/p
ds
DC/c
X
Hadron production in ( p+pC+X ) collision
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T>Tc
T=Tc
t
1 fm/c 5 fm/c 7 fm/c 17 fm/cQGP
TH: Hadronization
Hadron phase
TF: Freezeout
Hadronization and freezeout in Heavy Ion Collision
Hadron Multiquark forma-tion
Light nucleiMolecular structure formation
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Statistical Model for Hadron Yield in HIC (PB Munzinger, Stachel, Redlich)
1
1
2 /13
3
HN TEN
NHstatN e
pdgVN
Freezeout points
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Quark number scaling of v2 PT dependence of ratio v4
Ko et al
Ko et al
Ko et al
d
u d
uu
s
d
cd u
u ds
c
cc
du
duMdduuM ppppfpfCN
M
uduBuudduuB pppppfpfpfCN
Coalescence model
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Suppression of p-wave resonance (Muller and Kadana En’yo) 1
)/)1520(()/)1520((
*
*
lStatistica
AuAu
Coalescence model = Statistical model + overlap
d
u d
uu
s
d
cd u
u ds
c
cc
d
uM
Hadron production near phase bounday (TH )
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RHIC
Statistical Model for light Nuclei
RHIC/STAR antimat-ter
Molecule and light nuclei production near freezeout (TF )
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T>Tc
T=Tc
t
1 fm/c 5 fm/c 7 fm/c 17 fm/cQGP
TH: Hadronization
Hadron phase
TF: Freezeout
S/N is conserved (Siemens, Kapusta 79)
Hadronic phase and Deuteron formation in Heavy Ion Collision
VH: Hadronization Volume
VF: Freezeout Volume
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Success of Coalescence modelBut Production of multiquark states are suppressed
d
ud
uu
s
d
cd u
u ds
c
cc
u
du
du
Tetraquark configuration [overlap]<<1
Normal meson [overlap]=1 d
du
du d
udu
0.360
21
4
g
1
2
2/32
i
FD
i
TV
N
ddd
QGP
hadron
QGP
hadron
QGP
hadronq V
VN
V
VN
V
VNNgN 432
14
QGP
hadron
QGP
Molecule
QGP
hadronmolecule V
VN
V
VN
V
VNNgN 432
1
hadronV
MoleculeV
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du
d
u
us
ds
d
d
d
u
d
u
us
d
s
u
u
ud
u
s
Tetraquark configuration [overlap]<<1
Molecular configura-tion: [overlap]=1
d
Normal meson [overlap]=1
d
du
Hadron production through coalescence overlapexpc
T
M
ud
u uud
uu
ud
u
d d
u
d
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III: Heavy Exotics from Heavy Ion Collision
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large number of c , b quark production
Vertex detector: weakly decaying exotics : FAIR 104 D0 /month,
LHC 105 D0/month
New perspective of Hadron Physics from Heavy Ion Collision
Tcc/D > 0.34 x 10 -4 RHIC
> 0.8 x 10 -4 LHC
Tcc production
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Model central rapidity, central collision
Introduce charm fugacity LHC 105 D0/month
Details of coalescence model calculation (ExHIC PRL, PRC 2011)
Coalescence model model and Wigner function
Parameters to fit normal hadron production including resonance feedown from statistical model
MeV 385 MeV, 519 MeV, 550, csdu MeV 1500 MeV, 500 MeV, 300, ccdu mmm
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Hadron coalescence
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3
rR
2 ,
2Bor
202
20
2 ar
aR
30
Expectations [overlap] at LHCFachini [STAR]
3900Z
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ExHIC (2011): multiquark/molecule candidates - yield
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2. Measuring X(3872) or Z(3900)J/y+ p from heavy ion collision can discriminate between a molecular structure and multiquark configuration.
3. Heavy multiquark states + Exotics can be observed at LHC
Summary
1. Compact multiquark configurations are harder to form from heavy ion collision. f0 measurement suggest that it can not be a pure multiquark structure.
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Deuteron production [Coalescence at TF (125MeV) ]
F
FDNN
N
D
W
N
N
N
ND
CoalD V
TVNN
g
g
kfkydd
kyfkfkydd
g
N
g
NgN
233
33
,
H
HDNN
N
DstatD V
TVNN
g
gN
2
22
2
2
exp,
ky
kyf W
VF : Freezeout Volume
TF : Freezeout Temp
V (fm3) VD(T) (fm3)
NN Deuteron
Triton
Nstat(TH) 1908 0.7 30 0.25 0.0014
Ncoal(TF) 11322 16 15 0.24 0.0014
22/32 21/4 FDFD TTV
2/3/2 HHD TmTV
VH TH : Hadronization
V parameterization: .Chen, Greco, Ko, SHL , Liu 04