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P

p

p= P P0

P0 101325

SA 1

SP

T

t

t= T T0 T0 273.15

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19

20

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1500

1

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200nmi

370

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100

135

700 000

2

3

30

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600

800

1200

2 1 0 1 21200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

depth

[m]

(a)

2 1 0 1 2

t [C]

(b)

2 1 0 1 2

(c)

2

1

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80S

78S

76S

74S

72S

70S

latitude

90W 100W 110W 120W 130W 140W 150W 160W 170W 180W

longitude

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

depth[m]

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Temperature[C]

250

600

33.5 34.0 34.5 35.0

SA [gkg1]

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

[C]

600 m

600 m

250 m

0 m

0 m

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11000

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12

150

864

1

8

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Lightmetal

Heavymetal

CeramicdisksElectricalconnections

Pre-pressboltw nut

96

18

6

Signal

+

t

L

t

L

= sin

c nt

L

n+ 1

25

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85

pitch

yaw heave

roll

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Av = 0.000 49f2e(t/27+z/17)

A1 = 106 f1f

2

f21 +f2 e( 8)/0.56

A2 = 0.52

1 + t

43

SP35

f2f

2

f22 +f2

ez/6

f

f1 = 0.78

SP/35 et/26

f2 = 42 e

t/17

101

100

101

102

103

frequency [kHz]

107

106

105

104

103

102

101

100

101

102

Coeff.

[dB/km]

Av

A1

A2

SP = 34.5 = 7.7 z = 0.5 t= 1

10

6< t

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5

288

6

12

12

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0.5

3

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200

250

1

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1

6

7

8

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3.4

700

t= 0

fTVG(z) = Xlog z+ 2 z+ C X C

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1

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2

3

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4

5

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6

7

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8

9

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10

11

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z= c

c

c = 1600

1

= 1900

3

c=

P

SA,

=gP

gTT

g2TP gTTgPP

SA g

gX

g

X

=

g

P

SA,t

1

R=z1 z2z1+z2

z1

z2

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= 12

2

100

t= 10

t= 100

2 1 0 1 2

t [C]

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

depth[m]

1440 1450 1460

c [ms1]

t c(t, SA, p)

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200

500

180

t

l0

l= l0+c t= l0+ z

l= l0

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30

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2< SP

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g

g h T

g = g(SA, t , p)

g(SA, t , p) =gw(t, p) +gs(SA, t , p)

gs

0< SA < 42 1

6.0< t

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p= 0

h0

=h0

c0p

c0p 3991.86795711963 1 1

t90

t68

t68 = 1.000 24t90

p

P

P0

101325

p P P0

SA

1

SP

SA=SR+SA

SR=35.16504

35 SP

2< SP

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xi n

x

xT

xxT xxi

accuracy precision

=

1n 1ni=1

(xi x)2

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/

n

2 = 1

n

n

i=1

(xi

xT)2 =

1

n

n

i=1

(xi

x)2 + (x

xT)

2

xT

P1

x

P1(x; ) = 68.3

P1(x; 1.96 ) = 95

P1(x; 2 ) = 95.5

P1(x; 2.58 ) = 99

P1(x; 3 ) = 99.7

P2(x; 2.45 ) = 95

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100

20

+ 10

a2 + (b d)2

a= 1.0

b= 0.023d

5

20

x

y

x=xR

12

y =

RS2

2+c

4

2sin2 +

yD

12

2

z =

RS2

2+c

4

2cos2 +

yD tan

12

2

R RS c

D

x y

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10

0.1

1

4

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

depth [m]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

z[m]

IHO

Kongsberg

IFREMER

95

z =

RScos

12

2+y2

1 + 2(np 2)S/N2(np 1)(np 2)S/N2

c

L(1 )cos 2

np=

Rytan(

s)

RS

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y

np

s

S/N

= 0.5

r = 0.5

=r/

12

1

5 35 0

7 0

0.001 0.0003 0.015

0.0002

0.0003

0.018

0.015

0.0002 0.000 04 0.001

1.4 32.5 2.6 6

0.000 16 0.000 05 0.3

6800

= 2 = 12

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ftp://moray.dms.usm.edu/Uncertainty%20Workshops/9-2010%20Quebec/6.2_KongsbergTechnicalNote_EMERRORS.pdfftp://moray.dms.usm.edu/Uncertainty%20Workshops/9-2010%20Quebec/6.2_KongsbergTechnicalNote_EMERRORS.pdfftp://moray.dms.usm.edu/Uncertainty%20Workshops/9-2010%20Quebec/6.2_KongsbergTechnicalNote_EMERRORS.pdfhttps://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/4001/Report%202_Abul%20Fahimuddin.pdf?sequence=4https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/4001/Report%202_Abul%20Fahimuddin.pdf?sequence=4http://www.kongsberg.com/ftp://ftp.geo.su.se/odendata/outgoing/cruisereports/OSO0910/OSO0910_cruisereport_fullRes.pdfftp://ftp.geo.su.se/odendata/outgoing/cruisereports/OSO0910/OSO0910_cruisereport_fullRes.pdf

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5th

http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_200_2008.pdfhttp://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_200_2008.pdfhttp://www.teos-10.org/pubs/TEOS-10_Manual.pdfhttp://www.teos-10.org/pubs/TEOS-10_Manual.pdfhttp://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdfhttp://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdfhttp://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-44_5E.pdfhttp://www.iapws.org/relguide/OceanLiquid.pdfhttp://www.iapws.org/relguide/seawater.pdfhttp://www.iapws.org/relguide/seawater.pdfhttp://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/nokbg0397.nsf/0/F9980522E6621E89C1257085002C0BE7/$file/EM_technical_note_web_SoundLevelsFromKongsbergMultibeams.pdfhttp://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/nokbg0397.nsf/0/F9980522E6621E89C1257085002C0BE7/$file/EM_technical_note_web_SoundLevelsFromKongsbergMultibeams.pdfhttp://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/nokbg0397.nsf/0/F9980522E6621E89C1257085002C0BE7/$file/EM_technical_note_web_SoundLevelsFromKongsbergMultibeams.pdf

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3

http://www.jodc.go.jp/info/ioc_doc/UNESCO_tech/065031eb.pdfhttp://www.jodc.go.jp/info/ioc_doc/UNESCO_tech/065031eb.pdfhttp://www.jodc.go.jp/info/ioc_doc/UNESCO_tech/096989eb.pdfhttp://www.jodc.go.jp/info/ioc_doc/UNESCO_tech/096989eb.pdfhttp://www.jodc.go.jp/info/ioc_doc/UNESCO_tech/059832eb.pdfhttp://www.ocean.ukm.my/physical%20oceanography%20steward.pdfhttp://www.seabird.com/pdf_documents/manuals/9plus_015.pdfhttp://www.seabird.com/pdf_documents/manuals/9plus_015.pdfhttp://www.ocean-sci.net/8/161/2012/http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/TEOS-10_Primer.pdfhttp://www.teos-10.org/pubs/TEOS-10_Primer.pdfhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/library/readings/gulf/gulf.htmllhttp://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/library/readings/gulf/gulf.htmllhttp://epic.awi.de/16808/1/Nit2007a.pdf

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