study of the antimatter at large hadron collider

Summer School KPI 15 August 2009 1

STUDY OF THE ANTIMATTER AT LARGE

HADRON COLLIDER.

Valery PUGATCH

Institute for Nuclear ResearchNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

15. 08. 2009Kiev


Content of the lecture

• What is ANTIMATTER ?• How ANTIMATTER is studied ?• What is CERN ?• What is LHC at CERN?• Status and Prospective of the Antimatter

studies• Concluding remarks


Universe: Creation and Evolution


Universe: Creation and Evolution

E = mc2 MATTER = ANTI-MATTER


The History of Antimatter (by Rosy Mondardini)

• The history of antimatter begins in 1928 with a young physicist Paul Dirac and a strange mathematical equation...

• The equation predicted the existence of an antiworld identical to ours but made out of antimatter.

• From 1930, the search for the possible constituents of antimatter, antiparticles, began …


New Universe Made out of Antimatter

• In 1928, Paul Dirac’s equation (quantum theory and special relativity), for electron could have two solutions, one for an electron with positive energy, and one for an electron with negative energy.

• The energy of a particle must always be a positive number! - Dirac interpreted the result that every particle has a corresponding antiparticle, exactly matching the particle but with opposite charge.

• In his Nobel Lecture (1933), Dirac speculated on the existence of a completely new Universe made out of antimatter!


From 1930, the hunt for the mysterious antiparticles began...

• In 1932 Carl Anderson, a young professor at the California Institute of Technology studied cosmic particles and found a track left by "something positively charged, and with the same mass as an electron".

• He decided the tracks were antielectrons. He called the antielectron a "positron", for its positive charge (Nobel Prize, 1936) and proved the existence of antiparticles as predicted by Dirac.

• The anti-proton was discovered 22 years later...


Matter and anti-matter particles are produced in the interaction of particles with matter

π+ and π−

particles having the same mass, spin… but Opposite electric charge

opposite curvature in a magnetic field

For instance:


Matter-Antimatter in Universe


The Universe and the Particlesafter Big Bang …

• Small difference between matter and antimatter was first observed in 1964 in an experiment with K-mesons for which Cronin and Fitch were awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize

• Its connection to the existence of matter in the universe was realized in 1967 by academician Andrei Sakharov. Physicists call this difference CP violation.

http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1980/




Fundamental particles of the Standard Model

LEPTONS

QUARKS


The elementary particles of the Standard Model

All tests of the SM have been successful up to now ! Yet:• Why 3 families ?• Why several interactions with very different intensities ?• Origin of the particles mass (ad-hoc Higgs boson) ?• Mass hierarchy ?• The neutrinos masses , mν ≠ 0 ?

W±, Z0 (weak)g : gluon (strong) γ (electromagnetic)

matter :(building blocks - fermions):

3 families

interactions :gauge bosons

NB : the gravitational force is extremely weak in the particles world ⇒ not discussed here

+ antiparticles

Charged leptons quarks


Properties of building blocks, forces and underlying dynamics

can be described by rotation and/or translation symmetries

in four-dimensional real space (t, x, y, z)

orsome “internal” space


Fundamental interactions.


СРТСРТ theorem theorem::Antiparticles and their interactions are indistinguishable from particles moving along the same world-lines but in opposite directions in 3+1 dimensional space-time.

The SM strictly conserves CPT. There are no however any theoretical reason why C, P and T should conserveseparately.

In particular, the mass of any particle is strictly equal to the mass of its antiparticle (experimentally checked in 1 part to 1018 in K-meson studies).

Fundamental interactions and some Rules


Baryogenesis Big Bang (~ 14 billion years ago) → matter and antimatter equally

produced; followed by annihilation → nbaryon/ng ~ 10-10

Why didn’t all the matter annihilate ? No evidence found for an “antimatter world” elsewhere in the

Universe One of the requirements to produce an asymmetric final state from a

symmetric matter/antimatter initial state :CP symmetry must be violated [Sakharov, 1967]

CP is violated in the Standard Model, through the weak mixing of quarksFor CP violation to occur there must be at least 3 generations of quarksSo problem of baryogenesis may be connected to why three generations exist, even though all normal matter is made up from the first (u, d, e, νe)

However, the CP violation in the SM is not sufficient for baryogenesisOther sources of CP violation expected → good field to search for new physics


CP Violation

We know examples which showmatter world ≠ anti-matter world.

CP symmetry is violated !!


Evolution of Universe

big bang

matter

anti-matter

amount of matter = amount of anti-matter

our universeonly with matter

CP violation


CPLEAR Experiment (1999)

neutral kaondecay time distribution

anti-neutral kaondecay time distribution

CP violation

≠


Problem!!CP violation inthe kaon decays

canbe explained by

the Standard Model.

CP violation inthe universe

cannot be explained by

the Standard Model.

LHCb experiment will look for CP violation beyond the Standard Model in the particle world

using B (beauty) -mesons.

⇔


Beauty (B) Physics

BaBar, Belle, LHCb … experiments


LHCb –BEAUTY experiment at CERN

What is BEAUTY ?

BEAUTY – Oscar Wilde, “The picture of Dorian Gray” -

“… Wonder of wonders … a form of Genius – is higher, indeed, than Genius, as it needs no explanation.”

B (Beauty)- mesons are composedout of b-quark and one of theother quarks: b-, u-, d-, c-, s :• ~ 5 times heavier than proton• time of life ~10-12 s

( )bbB0 ( )ubBu, …


B Decays (Feynman diagrams)Dominant decays

Rare hadronic decays

Radiative and leptonic decays

Semi-leptonic

Hadronic

Internal spectator

Gluonic penguin

W-exchange

Radiative penguin

Electroweak penguin

Electroweak box

Annihilation

25/83


The Standard ModelPhysical quark states in the Standard Model

Lagrangian for charged current weak decays

where

€

J c cµ = u , c , t( )

Lγ µ V C K M

d

s

b

L

€

u

d

L

c

s

L

t

b

L

,KK u R , d R ,c R ,s R , t R ,b R

€

L cc =− g

2J cc

µW µ∗ + h .c .

26/83


CP Violation in the Standard ModelRequirements for CP violation

where

Using parameterizations

€

m t2 − m c

2( ) m t2 − m u

2( ) m c2 − m u

2( )× m b

2 − m s2( ) m b

2 − m d2( ) m s

2 − m d2( )× J C P ≠ 0

€

JCP =Im ViαVjβViβ*Vjα

* i ≠j,α≠β( )

€

JCP =s12s13s23c12c23c13 sinδ=λ6A2η=O10−5( )

27/83

CP violation is small in the Standard Model


Anti-quarks

€

d′

s′

b′

=V u d

* V u s* V u b

*

V c d* V c s

* V c b*

V t d* V t s

* V t b*

d

s

b

CKM (Cabibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa) Matrix

=

′′′

bsd

VVVVVVVVV

bsd

tbtstd

cbcscd

ubusud

Vij proportional to transitionamplitude from quark j to quark i

weakstates CKM matrix

massstates

ubVb u

−W

*ubV

b u

+W

28/83

Quarks

VCKM describes rotation between the weak eigenstates (d',s',b') and mass eigenstates (d,s,b)


Role of Heavy Flavour Physics

2008

29/83

Kobayashi - Maskawa


Wolfenstein ParameterizationWolfenstein parameterization (perturbative form)

Reflects hierarchy of strengths of quark transitions

Charge -1/3 Charge +2/3

d

s

b

u

c

t

O(1)O(λ)O(λ2)O(λ3)

2312

13

2312

13212

2312

sincosss

sss

sssAs δηδρλ ====

23012 .sin ≈θ=λ

30/83


The Unitarity triangle( ) ( )( )ηρληρ ,21, 2−≡

*

*

cbcd

ubud

VVVV

*

*

cbcd

tbtd

VVVVη

ρ01

Im

β

α

γ

Re

*

*

cbcd

tbub

VVVV

*

*

cbcd

tdud

VVVV

η

ρ0

β+χ

α

γ−χ

Im

Re** / cbcdtsus VVVV

χ

β: Bd mixing phaseχ: Bs mixing phaseγ: weak decay phase

( )( )βγπ

χγ2

2 ,

*

*

+→

−→→

DBKDB

DKDKB

d

ss

d

..... ,/ 00SKJB ψ→

..... ,/0 ψ φJBs →

,.....,,0 ρ πρ ρπ π→B

Precise determinationof parameters throughB-decays study.


e+e- → ϒ(4S) → B0 anti-B0


CP-violation has been measured by experimentsBaBar and BELLE at the B factories

These are experiments (in the US and Japan) running on the ϒ(4S) resonance: e+e- → ϒ(4S) → B0B0 or B+B-

The CP asymmetry A(t) = N(B0 → J/Ψ KS) - N(B0 → J/ Ψ KS) / N(B0 → J/ Ψ KS) + N(B0 → J/ Ψ KS)

A(t) = - sin 2β sin Δm t in the Standard Model

BABAR + BELLE measure sin 2 β = 0.674 ± 0.026 (see next slide)

This can be compared withthe indirect measurementfrom other constraints on theUnitarity Triangle


15/6/2009 CERN/FNAL Summer School

Summary of the Angles

€

γ =(70−29+27 ) o

€

β= 21.1 ±0.9( )o

€

α= 89.0−4.2+4.4( )o

60% c.l. interval

34/83


V. Gibson


3 Types of CP Violation

CP violation ifff Γ≠Γ

CPV in Mixing

1≠pq

€

Im Γ12* M 12 ≠0

Indirect CP ViolationDirect CP ViolationCPV in Decay

1≠f

f

AA

CPV in Interference between mixing and decayIndirect CP Violation

€

λf =1, Im λf ≠00B f

0Bpq

fA

fA

f

ff A

Apq=λ

€

A fC P t( )=

Γf t( )−Γf t( )Γf t( )+Γf t( )

=−C f co s ∆m t( )+ S f s in ∆m t( )

co sh ∆Γt 2( )+Ωf s in h ∆Γt 2( )Golden case: CP final state and single dominating amplitude

€

AfCP

CP t()=ImλfCPsin ∆mt( )

36/83


Fixed Target: В експериментах з фіксованою мішенню продукти взаємодії летять переважно вперед. Тому детектор має вигляд конуса-піраміди і

розташовується в напрямку бомбардуючого пучку («форвардний спектрометр»)

Colliding Beams: В колайдерному експерименті продукти летять в усіх напрямках, тому детектор має вигляд циліндра.

Two types of experiments at accelerators


Colliders …HERA at DESY

320 GeV ep1992 – 2007

Tevatron at Fermilab2 TeV pp-bar1985 – 2009

International Linear Collider~0.5 TeV e+e- collider

extending LHC discovery reach

LHC at CERN14 TeV pp collider

from 2008


The LHC machine at CERNpp collisions at √s = 14 TeV in a 27km ring


The European Organization for Nuclear Research - CERN

• The world's largest particle physics laboratory, suburbs of Geneva on the Franco-Swiss border, established in 1954.

• The organization has twenty European member states

• CERN's main function - high-energy physics research.

• Numerous experiments have been constructed at CERN by international collaborations

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physics



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_in_science

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-energy_physics



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment


CERN - European laboratory for particle physics

~ 2,600 full-time employees and ~8000 scientists and engineers (representing 580 universities and research facilities and 80 nationalities).Member states' contributions to CERN for the year 2008 totalled CHF 1 billion (approximately € 664 million).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientists

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineers


Україна в ЦЕРНіНаціональна Академія Наук України(офіційна Угода про співробітництво з ЦЕРН - 1993 р.)

ННЦ ХФТІ (м. Харків)- CMS, LHCb, ALICEНТК Інститут монокристалів (м. Харків) – CMS, ALICEН.д. Технологічний Інститут Приладобудування (м. Харків)- ALICEІнститут Теоретичної Фізики (м. Київ) - ALICEІнститут Ядерних Досліджень (м. Київ) – LHCb, (ATLAS, MEDIPIX)Інститут Прикладної Фізики (м. Суми) – ILC, (MEDIPIX) Київський Національний Університет ім. Тараса Шевченка - (LHCb)Харківський Національний Університет ім. В.Н. Каразіна - CMS


Energy of a proton in the beam = 7 TeV = 10-6 J

Question: why not to use mosquitos in particle physics?

Answer: because NAvogadro = 6.022×1023 (mol)-1 Energy of a mosquito is distributed among ~ 1022 nucleons.

On the other hand, total energy stored in each beam is 2808 bunches × 1011 protons/bunch × 7 TeV/proton = 360 MJIt is explosive energy of ~ 100 kg TNT or kinetic energy of “Admiral Kuznetsov” cruiser traveling at 8 knots.

It is about kinetic energy of a flying mosquito:


ATLAS, CMS


ATLAS - 4π detector at the LHC


Central view of ATLAS detector with eight toroids around the calorimeter before moving it in the middle of the detector


The Higgs search

P.W. Higgs, Phys. Lett. 12 (1964) 132

The Higgs boson is the cornerstone of the Standard Model … and still to be discovered !


Бозони Хіггса


New Physics


Supersymmetry


Properties of hadronic/nuclear matter at high temperature/density

<-> Quark Gluon Plasmain the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

ALICE : A Large Ion Collider Experiment

Heavy Ions (Pb82+) ~ 1 month/year,

from 2009 onwardspp for reference

Pb-Pb at √sNN= 5.5 TeV

Study the state of matter as it was soon after the Big Bang, <10-5s


Primary goal of LHCb –BEAUTY experiment at CERN

To understand better the origin of CP violation.

Possibly discovering new physics beyond the Standard Model.


Mechanism of CP Violation

W

q

q′

complex coupling constant

Standard Model

X

q

q′

complex coupling constant

New Physics

CP transformation containscomplex conjugation:

e−iH t → eiH*t i.e. H* ≠ H →CP violation


LHCb eventseen by the vertex detector


p p

250 mrad

10 mrad

LHCb експеримент в ЦЕРНі

Tracking systemVELOTrigger TrackerInner/Outer Tracker

Particle IDRICH1 and RICH2CalorimetersMuon system

KinematicsMagnet + TrackersCalorimeters

Vertex ReconstructionVELO


LHCbYoke

RICH-1

Vertex

Shieldingplate

TrackerCalorimeters

MuonRICH-2

Coil

The LHCb Experiment

Netherlands

Brazil

France

Germany

Italy PRC Romania Spain

Switzerland

Ukraine

UK

USA

Poland Russia

Finland


b u,c,t

u,c,t bW+ W−

V*ib Vis

Vis V*ib

Qvertex

Bs

B

D

l-K–

K-

B-production

B-decay

L~1cm

b

dW−

Bsc

s s

u

Ds

π

u

u

bb

s

s

Bs

K-hadronisationdecaymixing

D-decay

s

s

LHCb event


VErtex LOcator 21 stations in vacuum tank R/φ sensors ~180k R-O channels

PVx position resolution: x,y: ~ 8 μm

z: ~ 44 μm

IP precision: ~ 30 μm

Si sensor

R-O chip

VELO

Sensors sensitive area 8mm from beam line (30 mm during injection)

1 m

hybrid

LHCb експеримент в ЦЕРНі


New Physics –Beyond the Standard Model


Institutes involved in the LHCb Silicon Tracker: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg

LPHE, EPFL LausanneKINR, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev

Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, NovosibirskUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela

Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich


Physics needs techniques for observations …Перші мікро-стріпові детектори з України

на тестовому пучкові в ЦЕРН


KINR student – assisting mounting of microstrip detectors at CERN …


Radiation hard ASIC chip BEETLE - 128 channel (50 μm pitch) charge sensitive preamplifier.

Ultrasonic bonding via pitch adapter to microstrip detector.


Data flow at the LHCb


MMD applications• Micro-beam Profile Monitoring for Particles and Synchrotron Radiation• Detectors at the focal plane of mass-spectrometers and electron microscopes• Imaging sensors for X-ray and charged particle applications• Precise dose distribution measurements for micro-biology, medicine (mammography,

dental treatment, hadron-therapy) etc.• Industrial applications: micro-metallurgy, micro-electronics, etc.

Metal Microstrip-Detectors

Photo of ММD-1024. 1024 Ni strips: 1.5 µм thick, 40 µм wide, 60 µм pitch

Advantages of the MMD:•High Radiation tolerance (10-100 MGy)•Nearly transparent sensor – 1 μm thickness-the thinnest detector ever made for the particles registration•Low operation voltage (20 V)•Perfect spatial resolution (5 – 25 μm)•Unique, well advanced production technology•Commercially available readout hardware and software.

Institute of Applied Physics (NASU), Institute of Microdevices (NASU), Institute for Nuclear Research (NASU)


Ужгород, 17-18 травня 2007

MEDIPIX в фокальній площині лазерного мас-спектрометра.

Інститут Прикладної Фізики НАН України, м. Суми


Example of the mass-spectra measured in Sumi by TIMEPIX

in a focal plane of the laser mass-spectrometer.

• Two dimensional presentation of the data accumulated in a different time slots allowed to identify problems in the mass-spectrometer performance (alignment, focusing, stability of electric and magnetic fields etc.,). That means that TIMEPIX may become a powerful tool in a feedback system for fine tuning of mass-spectrometer and similar devices.

X – axis – along the focal plane (mass-spectrum)Y – axis – along the image of the laser beam spot at the targetZ – axis – intensity of the analyzed ions


1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 00

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

P o s i t i o n , µ m

Co

un

ts/0

.01s

M A S S - S P E C T R A o f S t a n a d r t S a m p l e 6 6 2 , M E D I P I X ( T p x , 4 0 M H z )

S t a n d a r t S a m p l e 6 6 2 :S n - 3 . 0 5 %Z n - 4 . 9 3 %P b - 4 . 4 0 %P - 0 . 0 2 1 %S b - 0 . 0 0 2 8 %F e - 0 . 0 2 1 %C u - 8 7 . 5 3 %

2 0 4 P b 2 +

2 0 6 P b 2 +

2 0 7 P b 2 +

2 0 8 P b 2 +

F i t G a u s s i a n :f ( x ) = Σ i = 1 . . 4

ai* e x p ( - ( ( x - b

i) / σ ) 2 )

C o e f f i c i e n t s ( w i t h 9 5 %c o n f i d e n c e b o u n d s ) : a 1 = 9 2 . 6 6 ( 7 3 . 1 6 , 1 1 2 . 2 ) a 2 = 2 3 0 . 2 ( 2 0 9 . 6 , 2 5 0 . 8 ) a 3 = 2 5 3 . 3 ( 2 3 2 . 5 , 2 7 4 . 2 ) a 4 = 2 5 3 . 7 ( 2 3 2 . 9 , 2 7 4 . 6 ) b 1 = 4 1 9 3 ( 4 1 6 7 , 4 2 2 0 ) b 2 = 4 8 7 4 ( 4 8 6 3 , 4 8 8 5 ) b 3 = 5 6 0 9 ( 5 5 9 9 , 5 6 1 9 ) b 4 = 6 3 0 8 ( 6 2 9 8 , 6 3 1 8 ) σ = 1 2 9 . 1 ± 8 . 1 µ m

Position (mass) resolution is better (comparable) with one obtained by microchannel plates (~ 129 μm)


Antimatter at the Earth

• Segre' and Chamberlain were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1959 for their discovery in1955 of the antiproton - a further proof of the essential symmetry of nature, between matter and antimatter.

• A year later at the Bevatron (B. Cork, O. Piccione, W. Wenzel and G. Lambertson) announced the discovery of the antineutron.


Antimatter at the Earth

• in 1965 - observation of the antideuteron, a nucleus of antimatter made out of an antiproton plus an antineutron (while a deuteron, the nucleus of the deuterium atom, is made of a proton plus a neutron).

• The goal was simultaneously achieved by two teams of physicists, working at the Proton Synchrotron at CERN, and the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) accelerator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York.


Antimatter production at the Earth

• In 1995 - antiatoms were produced at CERN. Although only 9 antiatoms were made, the news made the front page of many of the world's newspapers.

• The antihydrogen atom could play a role in the study of the antiworld similar to that played by the hydrogen atom in over more than a century of scientific history.

• Hydrogen makes up three quarters of our universe, and much of what we know about the cosmos has been discovered by studying ordinary hydrogen.

• Does antihydrogen behave exactly like ordinary hydrogen ? – studies at the experimental facility at CERN: the Antiproton Decelerator.


Antimatter production at the Earth

• 16 Sept 2002

The ATHENA collaboration, working at the Antiproton Decelerator, has announced the first controlled production of large numbers of antihydrogen atoms at low energies!

http://livefromcern.web.cern.ch/livefromcern/antimatter/factory/AM-factory04.html


Gravitational properties of antimatter


Applications of anti-particles• The electron-positron annihilations can reveal

the workings of the brain in the technique called Positron Emission Tomography (PET).

• In PET, the positrons come from the decay of radioactive nuclei incorporated in a special fluid injected into the patient. The positrons then annihilate with electrons in nearby atoms: the energy emerges as two gamma-rays which shoot off in opposite directions to conserve momentum.


Applications of Annihilation• Antimatter Propulsion

(by Gordon Fraser) • The 1980s US Strategic Defense Initiative program ('Star Wars') – evaluation of antimatter as rocket fuel or to drive space-borne

weapons platforms. • Antimatter, converting all its mass into energy, is the ultimate

fuel. However, … all the antiprotons produced at CERN during one year

would supply enough energy to light a 100 watt electric bulb for three seconds!

• The efficiency of the antimatter energy production process would be 0.00000001%. Even the steam engine is millions of times more efficient!


Annihilation …• Preliminary experiments carried out at CERN have

shown that antimatter particle beams could be very effective at destroying cancer cells.

• Positron emission tomography relies on the principles of antimatter to create viable diagnostics for cancer presumptions.

• Dan Brown's book ‘Angels and Demons’ is exaggerating that entire cities could be wiped out from the face of the Earth with sufficient amounts of antimatter.

• There is no way for that to happen as far as antimatter in sufficient quantities will never be produced, at least at the LHC.

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_antimatterweapon.htm



Antimatter energetics


Antimatter - Annihilation


Annihilation for ignition DT


Some publications on antimatter triggered thermonuclear explosions

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, U.S.A. : On the Utility of Antiprotons as Drivers for Inertial Confinement Fusion by L. John Perkins, Charles D.

Orth, Max Tabak, published 2004,

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, U.S.A. : Controlled antihydrogen propulsion for NASA's future in very deep space by M.M. Nieto, M.H. Holzscheiter, and S.G.

Turyshev,

Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia : The typical number of antiprotons necessary to heat the spot in D-T fuel doped with U by M.L. Shmatov,

published 2005,


http://cui.unige.ch/isi/sscr/phys/Perkins-Ort-Tabak.pdf

http://www.arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0410511



http://cui.unige.ch/isi/sscr/phys/Shmatov.pdf

http://cui.unige.ch/isi/sscr/phys/Shmatov.pdf



•Механізм прискорення КП (до 10 15 еВ) - прискорення на фронтах ударних хвиль в оболонках Супернових.


в центрі Крабовидної туманності (залишки SN-II, 1054 рік) знаходиться пульсар. - прискорення частинок до енергії 1012 – 10 13 еВЗа рахунок різниці потенціалів на поверхні і в магнітосфері


Antimatter studies at the LHC (CERN) are at the forefront of the modern high energy physics

New level of the energy 14 ТeV at the LHC:• New particles: Higgs bosons, super-symmetric partners, … • New form of the matter : quark-gluon plasma, black micro-holes, antimatter …• Shedding more light on the matter-antimatter evolution of the Universe• Observation of the super-high energy cosmic rays – signal about the existence of a new

energy production processes ?

Fundamental studies making challenge to existing technologies provide progress in all spheres of the human beings life.

This requires enthusiasm of talented young people. Welcome to High Energy Physics!

AcknowledgementsTo LHCb Colleagues:T. Nakada, V. Gibson, A. Golutvin, N. Harnew (LHCb), M.-H.Shune, S. Barsuk(for some slides copied from their LHCb presentations )

Concluding remarks.


Thank you for your attention ! I believe that in the anti-world an anti-rainbow

means a good future which I wish to happen for you!

study of the antimatter at large hadron collider

Education