study of power consumption monitoring systemsmonitoring

Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid: A S D t D i A hA Sensor-Data Driven Approach

Study of Power Consumption Monitoring SystemsMonitoring Systems

CDAC ThiruvananthapuramCDAC Thiruvananthapuram

Organisation of the Presentationg

About CDACAbout CDACCDAC’s component in the project-Designing a Smarter and Greener Electric Grid: A Sensor-Data Driven

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ApproachSensor configuration and digital processing platform required for home automation

wwwrequired for home automation

Scheme and description of the digital processing platform

Configuration of the communication networkConfiguration of the communication network

2C‐DAC All Rights ReservedCDAC Thiruvananthapuram

Centre for Development of AdvancedCentre for Development of Advanced Computing(CDAC)

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C‐DAC) is the premier R&D organization of theDepartment of Elecrinics andInformation Technology (DeitY), Ministry ofCommunications & Information Technology (MCIT)

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Communications & Information Technology (MCIT),Government of India for carrying out R&D in IT,Electronics and associated areas.

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Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at PuneMulti locational Multi activity R&D organization with HQ at Pune

Spread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deploymentof electronics and advanced Information Technology

Multi‐locational, Multi‐activity R&D organization with HQ at PuneSpread out at 10 locations with14 laboratories2000 employees, involved in the design, development and deploymentof electronics and advanced Information Technology


of electronics and advanced Information Technology

C-DAC-Thiruvananthapuram

Scientific Society of the Department of Information TechnologyScientific Society of the Department of Information Technology,

Ministry of Communication & Information Technology(DeitY),

Government of India

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Government of India

Development GroupsBroadcast & Communications Group (BCG)P El i G w

wwPower Electronics Group

Control and Instrumentation GroupStrategic Electronics GroupHardware Design GroupHardware Design Group


Activities in Power Electronics Group

M lti l l PQ

SimulationReal time

Multi-level Inverters

PQ solutions

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Activities

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Energy storage

UPSDrives

SMPS


Scope of the Projectp j

CDAC’s objective in this project is to provide sufficientinputs to the main project which will be piloted by IITB andUMASS

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UMASS.

As a development partner, CDAC proposes a study whichi l d id tifi ti f it bl t h l f w

wwinvolves survey and identification of suitable technology for

monitoring the energy consumption at the point of electricalpower outlets in walls of residential buildings.


Study Pointsy

The study will coverSt d d f d t h h i H A• Standards for data exchange schemes in Home AreaNetworks and Industrial environment and the hardwarerequirement for the sameSt d d l t f f t d

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• Study on deployment of sensors for measurement andmonitoring the power consumption pattern of various loads

• Design of an embedded platform which can be integrated

wwwwith the wall mounted distribution board in in a smart home

• Deployment scheme for current and voltage sensors atdifferent points in the network

• Algorithms to identify the type of load based onactive/reactive/harmonic pattern


Physical Outcome of the Projecty j

CDAC ill d t d t il d d t d thCDAC will conduct a detailed survey and study on thetechnology for power consumption measurement andvarious standards associated with such systems. After the

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ystudies, CDAC will generate a technical report containing

Hardware scheme with plan for sensor deployment

wwwDetails on communication scheme

Requirement specification for the embedded hardware in the sensor unithardware in the sensor unit


Hardware ArchitectureHardware ArchitectureThe intelligence will be integrated with the distribution board as

given in the block diagram. The hardware consists of the following

building blocks

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• Voltage and current sensors

• Data acquisition hardware

D t i l tf www• Data processing platform

• Intelligent switches for connection/disconnection of loads

for demand responsefor demand response

• Communication interface

• Data logging


• Data logging

Architecture of Smart Distribution BoardArchitecture of Smart Distribution Board

LOAD 1

Intelligent Switch

Power outlet

Smart Distribution Board

LOAD 2

LOAD 3 Utility Grid Current Sensor

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LOAD 4

LOAD 5

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LOAD N

A/D ConversionOptional f/b

Voltage Sensor

Current Sensor for critical/selected loads

Processing, Monitoring and Control Platform

Communication Interface

HMI


HMI

Architecture of the Processing PlatformArchitecture of the Processing Platform

Communication Interface

Mass memory Storage

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PROCESSING CORE

Switch/Relay Logic

Memory Interface

Relay Control Signals

wwwSwitch/Relay Logic

A/D Converters DSP FPGA

Current f/b

Voltage f/b

I/O Ports, HMI(Optional)


Functions of the Processing Platform

Management and Control of Domestic Smart grid technology• Sensing of voltage, current signals• Estimation of active and reactive power• Estimation of harmonic profile

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• Identification of loads and load changes• Automatic controllability for the input switches• Management of data communication

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• Identification of faults• Algorithm for various demand side load management

schemes• Data storage – Time tagging – event recording

etc..

12C‐DAC All Rights Reserved

CDAC Thiruvananthapuram

Detailed Scheme

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Features of the Processing Platformg

• Multi core processor (OMAP L137)• FPGA for accelerating the speed of data processing (Cyclone

II-EP2C5 from Altera)

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II EP2C5 from Altera)• Ethernet, wireless, USB interfaces• HMI for status indication and operator level controls

I/O t f ON/OFF t l www• I/O ports for ON/OFF controls

• A/D channels for current and voltage feedback• Optional feed back for various environmental parameters• Data logging on local memory and SD card• Time stamping of events with RTC


Circuit Fabrication

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OMAP FPGAAnalog region Clock circuit• PCB form factor : 220 x 150 mm

• No of Layers : 10 Layers

D i i i 16 bi 8 h l ADC(2 )


• Data acquisition : 16 bit, 8 channel ADC(2 nos)

• Code and data storage : SPI flash, NAND flash

• Communication interfaces : UART, SPI, Ethernet,USB etc

Algorithms to be ported and tested on the g pExperimental platform platform

• Estimation of active and reactive power(IEEE Standard 1459: Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Non sinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions)

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• Identifying the type of loads based on power signature of

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individual loads• Demand response based on operating conditions

(Electricity price, comfort level, Peak reduction etc..)

• Identification of faults on load side and protection(Deviation from normal signature)


Load signature

Reactive Power

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Active Power

THD


Incandescent lamp – steady stateIncandescent lamp steady state

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Voltage and current waveform Harmonic spectrum of current

Incandescent lamp – TransientIncandescent lamp Transient

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CFL – Steady statey

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CFL – TransientC a s e t

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Motor – Steady stateoto Steady state

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Communication Network

ExchangesExchangesVoltage & current (power), temperature, humidity and other physical

parameters between nodes and controller

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System status

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Why ZigBee ?

• Reliable• Reliable• Supports large number of nodes• Range suitable for home networks(~100m)

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• Easy to deploy• Very long battery life• Secure

wwwSecure

• Low cost• Can be used globally


Sample Schemep

RF Current ControlMeasurement

Grid

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ZigBee Coordinator & Data Collector

Control Unit(Load Disaggregator & D M )

Visuals


& Data Collector Data Management)

Intelligent Plug

Power Outlet

Current Measurement

Sensor / End Device CC2530

ADC Peripheral

2.4 GHz RF Transceiver

8051 MCU Core

Sensor / End Device – CC2530

Relay

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Central Controller

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OMAP SPI Peripheral

2.4 GHz RF Transceiver

8051 MCU Core

Central Controller

Collector / Collector – CC2530

Peripheral TransceiverCore

26CDAC Thiruvananthapuram

FPGA

Ethernet

Standards

IEEE Std 802.15.4e - 2012 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)

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)IEEE Std 1459 – 2010

IEEE Standard Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal Nonsinusoidal

wwwPower Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal,

Balanced, or Unbalanced ConditionsIEC 614000-4-30 Edition 2.0 - 2008-10

Electromagnetic Compatibilty(EMC) part 4 30: Testing andElectromagnetic Compatibilty(EMC) part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques - power quality measurement methods


Network Topologies

• Mesh• Star• Star• Ring• Bus

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Bus• Tree

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OSI Model

Applicationpp

PresentationApplication issues

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Transport

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Network Data transfer issues

Data link

Physical


ZigBee Protocol

Application & ProfilesApplication & Profiles

Application Framework

Network & Security layersZigBee Specification

MAC layerIEEE 802.15.4

PHY Layer

ZigBee Protocol

Application layer

controls the application(s) running on the ZigBee device, e.g current sensing

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Zigbee Stack layer

the protocols that look after routing the data to the correct destination and security

wwwdestination and security

IEEE 802.15.4 standard

MAC sub-layer- responsible for addressing (where outgoing data is going to, and where incoming data has come from)

PHY b l ibl f th di t i i


PHY sub-layer - responsible for the radio transmission itself

Application Framework

AO / EP240

AO / EPZigBee Device Object

(ZDO)O Pub

lic

erface

ZigBee240 1 (ZDO)APSDE‐APSDE‐SAP

APSDE‐APSDE‐SAP

ZDO

Int

APSDE‐APSDE‐SAP

t

ZigBee Application

Application Support Sublayer (APS)

NLDE‐SAP NLME‐SAPty Service

anagem

ent

AIB

Network Layer NIBSecurit

ZDO M ZigBee Alliance

Media Access Control (MAC)

MLDE‐SAP MLME‐SAP

MIB

Physical LayerPD‐SAP

PIB

PLME‐SAPIEEE 802.15.4

2.4 GHz 868 and 915 MHzPIB

ZigBee Evaluation Module(EVM) & IAR EW8051 IDE

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CC2530ZDK (From Texas Instruments)

CC2530ZDK includes:• 2 SmartRF05 Evaluation Boards

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2 SmartRF05 Evaluation Boards• 5 SmartRF05 Battery Boards• 7 CC2530 Evaluation Modules• 1 CC1531 USB Dongle

www• 1 CC1531 USB Dongle

• Antennas and batteries• IAR EW8051 C-compiler with C-SPY debugger


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CC2530EM RF module

CC2531 USB Dongle

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g

www

SmartRF05BBSmartRF05BB


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www


Thank YouThank You

Variable Speed Wind Electric GeneratorMachine side

InverterGrid side Inverter

WEG GRID

Inverter Inverter

Digital Controller

40

Grid Interactive Solar PV Power PlantGrid Interactive Solar PV Power Plant

Solar Photovoltaic ArrayUtility Grid

YPower Electronic Interface Module

Transformer

Digital Controller

MPPT TrackingUPF OperationCurrent THDAnti‐islanding

protectionprotection

* This was a joint project with IIT-Kanpur with field trial support from WBREDA, Kolkata 41

BIM 1Digital

BIO-MASS PLANT (20 kW)BIM - Basic Interface Module (10 kVA)

Y

BIM 2

BIM 3

Controller 1

WIND ELECTRIC

Y

YBIM 3

BIM 4 Central

WIND ELECTRIC GENERATOR (5 kW) Panel 1

Y

BIM 5

Central Control

unit

Digital Controller 2

SOLAR PANEL(55 kWp)

Y

Y

BIM 7

BIM 6Panel 2

Y

YBIM 7

BIM 8

Digital Controller 3 Dump

LoadY

YBIM 9

Panel 342

Y

Synchronised Phasor Measurement UnityLocal Display

(HMI)GPS Antenna

SynchrophasorGPS Receiver ADC & Signal

Processor

COM Processor

GPS Receiver gConditioning

Circuits

Communication Port

From CT & PTPhasor Messages

Flexible Open

43

pSCADA

Power Quality SolutionsPower Quality Solutions3 Phase, 3 wire and 4 wire active filters

Si l h i filSingle phase active filters

Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Shunt Hybrid Active FiltersSource

LoadSeries Voltage injection

SERIES

INVERTER

SHUNT

CONVERTER+_

C‐DAC All Rights Reserved

study of power consumption monitoring systemsmonitoring

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