study of firefighter (bomba) exposures to carbon...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER EXPOSURES TO CARBON MONOXIDE
By: Mohd Atif Bin SholehuddinNIOSH
![Page 2: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INTRODUCTION• Carbon monoxide – product of
incomplete combustion• Also known as “silent killer’ among OSH
Practitioner• Because the gas occur during fire,
firefighter have high potential to have carbon monoxide poisoning
• The purpose of this study is to studyfirefighter exposure to carbon monoxide during firefighting
![Page 4: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CARBON MONOXIDE• Carbon monoxide is a toxic product
generated from incomplete combustion (Claire Austin, 1997)
• Incomplete Combustion Reaction2C + O2 2CO
1kg C + 4/3 O2 7/3 CO
• Carbon monoxide is a radical
![Page 5: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CARBON MONOXIDE• If inhaled, carbon monoxide disrupts the
blood’s transport of, and intracellular use of, oxygen [Ernst, 1998].
• The resulting hypoxia can cause myocardial injury [Satran, 2005].
![Page 6: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE?
• Every 23 seconds a fire in the United States requires the services of a career or volunteer fire department caused by sudden cardiac arrest (Drew Nord et al., 2011).
![Page 7: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cause / Contributing cause
Source: Firefighter Fatalities in the United States, Rita F. Fahy, Paul R. LeBlanc, Joseph L. Molis, NFPA, June 2016
![Page 8: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Duty
Source: Firefighter Fatalities in the United States, Rita F. Fahy, Paul R. LeBlanc, Joseph L. Molis, NFPA, June 2016
![Page 9: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CARBON MONOXIDE• Thus, a fast technique to detect carbon
monoxide poisoning are needed.
• Detection of %COHb in blood using noninvasive measurement technique using MASIMO Rad-57 (CDC, 2011).
![Page 10: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE SOLUTION
![Page 11: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MASIMO Rad-57
• Continuous monitoring in a portable, handheld device
• Rugged and lightweight, ideal for field or hospital settings
• Quick and easy to use
![Page 12: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MASIMO Rad-57
• A medical first – noninvasive measurement of %COHb
• Direct Reading using UV light
![Page 13: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
![Page 14: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONCarbon Monoxide Monitoring Analysis
Avestart < Avefire and Avefire > Aveend
ANOVA was used to further analyse the data
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
start 181 1080 5.966851 9.654451
fire 181 1236 6.828729 10.83161
end 181 1215 6.712707 12.52812
![Page 15: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONCarbon Monoxide Reading Summary
Null Hypothesis:There is no significant changes between reading taken during duty report (start), after firefighting (fire), and duty end (end).
Hstart = Hfire = Hend
![Page 16: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONCarbon Monoxide Reading Summary
ANOVA Result
Source of
VariationSS df MS F P-
value F crit
Between Groups
79.19 2 39.59 3.60 0.03 3.01
Within Groups
5942.55 540 11.00
Total 6021.74 542
![Page 17: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONCarbon Monoxide Reading Summary Result:F = 3.60 > Fcrit = 3.01
Hstart ≠ Hfire ≠ Hend
H null rejected
P-value = 0.03 < 0.05 (significant)
The changes of carbon monoxide reading between time taken is SIGNIFICANT
![Page 18: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RESULT AND DISCUSSIONCarbon Monoxide Reading Summary
The changes of carbon monoxide reading between time taken is SIGNIFICANT.
It means the firefighters are EXPOSED to carbon monoxide during firefighting.
![Page 19: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CONCLUSION
![Page 20: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CONCLUSION• There is significant increase of carbon
monoxide reading among firefighters after firefighting activity.
• Control measure such as health monitoring and equipment inspection should be implemented.
![Page 21: STUDY OF FIREFIGHTER (BOMBA) EXPOSURES TO CARBON …ife.org.my/images/Mohd-Atif-Sholehuddin-(P5)-Paper-presentation.pdf · Atif Bin Sholehuddin NIOSH INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION •](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022050313/5f75d960af531b531c27325b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Thank You