Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of th

e M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Study Guide for Content Mastery Answer Key Chemistry: Matter and Change T197

Nam

eD

ate

Cla

ss

80C

hem

istr

y: M

atte

r an

d C

han

ge

• C

hap

ter

14St

ud

y G

uid

e fo

r C

on

ten

t M

aste

ry

Sect

ion

14.2

The

Com

bine

d G

as L

aw a

nd A

voga

dro’

s Pr

inci

ple

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t th

e co

mb

ined

gas

law

.

Fill

in t

he f

ollo

win

g ta

ble.

Sta

te w

hat

gas

law

is d

eriv

ed f

rom

the

com

bine

d ga

s la

w

whe

n th

e va

riab

le li

sted

in t

he f

irst

col

umn

stay

s co

nsta

nt a

nd t

he v

aria

bles

in t

he

seco

nd c

olum

n ch

ange

.

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t th

e re

lati

on

ship

s am

on

g t

emp

erat

ure

, pre

ssu

re, a

nd

vo

l-u

me

of

a sa

mp

le o

f g

as.

Fill

in t

he b

lank

s be

twee

n th

e va

riab

les

in t

he f

ollo

win

g co

ncep

t m

ap t

o sh

ow w

heth

erth

e va

riab

les

are

dire

ctly

or

inve

rsel

y pr

opor

tion

al t

o ea

ch o

ther

. Wri

te d

irec

tor

inve

rse

betw

een

the

vari

able

s.

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t th

e co

mb

ined

gas

law

an

d A

vog

adro

’s p

rin

cip

le.

Cir

cle

the

lett

er o

f th

e ch

oice

tha

t be

st c

ompl

etes

the

sta

tem

ent

or a

nsw

ers

the

ques

tion

.

7.

The

var

iabl

e th

at s

tays

con

stan

t whe

n us

ing

the

com

bine

d ga

s la

w is

a.

amou

nt o

f ga

s.b

.pr

essu

re.

c.te

mpe

ratu

re.

d.

volu

me.

8.

The

equ

atio

n fo

r th

e co

mbi

ned

gas

law

can

be

used

inst

ead

of w

hich

of

the

follo

win

geq

uatio

ns?

a.

Boy

le’s

law

b

.C

harl

es’s

law

c.

Gay

-Lus

sac’

s la

w

d.

all o

f th

ese

9.

Whi

ch o

f th

e fo

llow

ing

expr

esse

s A

voga

dro’

s pr

inci

ple?

a.

Equ

al v

olum

es o

f ga

ses

at th

e sa

me

tem

pera

ture

and

pre

ssur

e co

ntai

n eq

ual n

umbe

rs o

f pa

rtic

les.

b.

One

mol

e of

any

gas

will

occ

upy

a ce

rtai

n vo

lum

e at

ST

P.

c.ST

P st

ands

for

sta

ndar

d te

mpe

ratu

re a

nd p

ress

ure.

d.

The

mol

ar v

olum

e of

a g

as is

the

volu

me

that

one

mol

e oc

cupi

es a

t ST

P.

tem

per

atu

re

volu

me

pre

ssu

re

5.

dir

ect

6.

inve

rse

4.

dir

ect

ST

UD

Y G

UID

E F

OR

CO

NT

EN

T M

AST

ER

YCH

AP

TER

14

Stay

s co

nsta

ntCh

ange

Beco

mes

thi

s la

w

Vo

lum

eTe

mp

erat

ure

, pre

ssu

re1.

Gay

-Lu

ssac

’s

Tem

per

atu

rePr

essu

re, v

olu

me

2.

Bo

yle’

s

Pres

sure

Tem

per

atu

re, v

olu

me

3.

Ch

arle

s’s

Deri

vati

on

s fr

om

th

e C

om

bin

ed

Gas

Law

Nam

eD

ate

Cla

ss

Stu

dy

Gu

ide

for

Co

nte

nt

Mas

tery

Ch

emis

try:

Mat

ter

and

Ch

ang

e •

Ch

apte

r 14

79

Gas

esG

ases

Sect

ion

14.1

Th

e G

as L

aws

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t th

e b

asic

co

nce

pts

of

the

thre

e g

as la

ws.

Use

eac

h of

the

ter

ms

belo

w t

o co

mpl

ete

the

pass

age.

Eac

h te

rm m

ay b

e us

ed m

ore

than

onc

e.

Boy

le’s

law

rel

ates

(1)

and

(2)

if

(3)

and

amou

nt o

f ga

s ar

e he

ld c

onst

ant.

Cha

rles

’s la

w r

elat

es

(4)

and

(5)

if (

6)

and

amou

nt o

f ga

s ar

e he

ld c

onst

ant.

Gay

-Lus

sac’

s la

w r

elat

es (

7)

and

(8)

if (

9)

and

amou

nt o

f ga

s ar

e

held

con

stan

t.

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t th

e ef

fect

s o

f ch

ang

ing

co

nd

itio

ns

on

a s

amp

le o

f g

as.

For

eac

h qu

esti

on b

elow

,wri

te in

crea

ses,

decr

ease

s,or

sta

ys th

e sa

me.

10.

The

roo

m te

mpe

ratu

re in

crea

ses

from

20°

C to

24°

C. W

hat

happ

ens

to th

e pr

essu

re in

side

a c

ylin

der

of o

xyge

n co

ntai

ned

inth

e ro

om?

11.

Wha

t hap

pens

to th

e pr

essu

re o

f th

e ga

s in

an

infl

ated

exp

anda

ble

ballo

on if

the

tem

pera

ture

is in

crea

sed?

12.

An

aero

sol c

an o

f ai

r fr

eshe

ner

is s

pray

ed in

to a

roo

m. W

hat

happ

ens

to th

e pr

essu

re o

f th

e ga

s if

its

tem

pera

ture

sta

ysco

nsta

nt?

13.

The

vol

ume

of a

ir in

hum

an lu

ngs

incr

ease

s be

fore

it is

exh

aled

.W

hat h

appe

ns to

the

tem

pera

ture

of

the

air

in th

e lu

ngs

to c

ause

this

cha

nge,

assu

min

g pr

essu

re s

tays

con

stan

t?

14.

A le

ftov

er h

ambu

rger

pat

ty is

sea

led

in a

pla

stic

bag

and

pla

ced

inth

e re

frig

erat

or. W

hat h

appe

ns to

the

volu

me

of th

e ai

r in

the

bag?

15.

Wha

t hap

pens

to th

e pr

essu

re o

f a

gas

in a

ligh

tbul

b a

few

min

utes

afte

r th

e lig

ht is

turn

ed o

n?

incr

ease

s

dec

reas

es

incr

ease

s

dec

reas

es

stay

s th

e sa

me

incr

ease

s

volu

me

tem

per

atu

re

pre

ssu

re

pre

ssu

revo

lum

ete

mp

erat

ure

tem

per

atu

re

volu

me

pre

ssu

re

ST

UD

Y G

UID

E F

OR

CO

NT

EN

T M

AST

ER

YCH

AP

TER

14

pre

ssu

rete

mp

erat

ure

volu

me

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of th

e M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

T198 Chemistry: Matter and Change Study Guide for Content Mastery Answer Key

Nam

eD

ate

Cla

ss

82C

hem

istr

y: M

atte

r an

d C

han

ge

• C

hap

ter

14St

ud

y G

uid

e fo

r C

on

ten

t M

aste

ry

Sect

ion

14.3

The

Idea

l Gas

Law

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t th

e id

eal g

as la

w.

Ans

wer

the

fol

low

ing

ques

tion

s.

1.

Why

is th

e m

athe

mat

ical

rel

atio

nshi

p am

ong

the

amou

nt,v

olum

e,te

mpe

ratu

re,a

nd p

res-

sure

of

a ga

s sa

mpl

e ca

lled

the

idea

l gas

law

?

It w

ork

s b

est

wh

en a

pp

lied

to

pro

ble

ms

invo

lvin

g id

eal g

ases

, th

ose

th

at h

ave

min

imal

att

ract

ion

bet

wee

n p

arti

cles

an

d o

ccu

py

a n

eglig

ible

vo

lum

e.

2.

Def

ine

the

idea

l gas

con

stan

t,R

.

R is

a c

on

stan

t th

at r

elat

es p

ress

ure

, vo

lum

e, a

mo

un

t, a

nd

tem

per

atu

re f

or

a

gas

sam

ple

.

3.

In T

able

14-

1 in

you

r te

xtbo

ok,w

hy d

oes

R h

ave

diff

eren

t num

eric

al v

alue

s?

The

nu

mer

ical

val

ue

of

R d

epen

ds

on

wh

at u

nit

is u

sed

fo

r th

e p

ress

ure

var

iab

le

in t

he

idea

l gas

law

eq

uat

ion

.

4.

Wha

t var

iabl

e is

con

side

red

in th

e id

eal g

as la

w th

at is

not

con

side

red

in th

e co

mbi

ned

gas

law

?

n, t

he

nu

mb

er o

f m

ole

s o

f g

as p

rese

nt

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t re

al v

ersu

s id

eal g

ases

.

For

eac

h st

atem

ent

belo

w,w

rite

true

or f

alse

.

5.

An

idea

l gas

is o

ne w

hose

par

ticle

s ta

ke u

p sp

ace.

6.

At l

ow te

mpe

ratu

res,

idea

l gas

es li

quef

y.

7.

In th

e re

al w

orld

,gas

es c

onsi

stin

g of

sm

all m

olec

ules

are

the

only

gas

esth

at a

re tr

uly

idea

l.

8.

Mos

t gas

es b

ehav

e lik

e id

eal g

ases

at m

any

tem

pera

ture

s an

d pr

essu

res.

9.

No

inte

rmol

ecul

ar a

ttrac

tive

forc

es e

xist

in a

n id

eal g

as.

10.

Non

pola

r ga

s m

olec

ules

beh

ave

mor

e lik

e id

eal g

ases

than

do

gas

mol

ecul

es th

at a

re p

olar

.

11.

Rea

l gas

es d

evia

te m

ost f

rom

idea

l gas

beh

avio

r at

hig

h pr

essu

res

and

low

tem

pera

ture

s.

12.

The

sm

alle

r th

e ga

s m

olec

ule,

the

mor

e th

e ga

s be

have

s lik

e an

idea

l gas

. tr

ue

tru

e

tru

e

tru

e

tru

e

fals

e

fals

e

fals

e

ST

UD

Y G

UID

E F

OR

CO

NT

EN

T M

AST

ER

YCH

AP

TER

14

Nam

eD

ate

Cla

ss

Stu

dy

Gu

ide

for

Co

nte

nt

Mas

tery

Ch

emis

try:

Mat

ter

and

Ch

ang

e •

Ch

apte

r 14

81

Ans

wer

the

fol

low

ing

ques

tion

s.

10.

Wha

t is

stan

dard

tem

pera

ture

and

pre

ssur

e (S

TP)

?

1.00

atm

pre

ssu

re a

nd

0.0

0°C

11.

Wha

t is

the

mol

ar v

olum

e of

a g

as e

qual

to a

t ST

P?

22.4

L

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t h

ow

to

so

lve

pro

ble

ms

usi

ng

th

e co

mb

ined

gas

law

an

dA

vog

adro

’s p

rin

cip

le.

Eac

h pr

oble

m b

elow

nee

ds m

ore

info

rmat

ion

to d

eter

min

e th

e an

swer

. Lis

t as

man

y le

tter

s as

are

nee

ded

to s

olve

the

pro

blem

.

a.

mol

ar v

olum

e of

the

gas

d.

pres

sure

of

the

gas

b.

mol

ar m

ass

of t

he g

ase.

volu

me

of t

he g

as

c.te

mpe

ratu

re o

f th

e ga

sf.

No

furt

her

info

rmat

ion

is n

eede

d.

12.

Wha

t vol

ume

will

1.0

g N

2ga

s oc

cupy

at S

TP?

13.

Wha

t vol

ume

will

2.4

mol

He

occu

py a

t ST

P?

14.

A g

as s

ampl

e oc

cupi

es 3

.7 L

at 4

.0 a

tm a

nd 2

5°C

. Wha

t vol

ume

will

the

sam

ple

occu

py a

t 27°

C?

15.

A s

ampl

e of

car

bon

diox

ide

is a

t 273

K a

nd 2

44 k

Pa. W

hat w

ill it

s vo

lum

ebe

at 4

00 k

Pa?

16.

A s

ampl

e of

oxy

gen

occu

pies

10.

0 L

at 4

.00

atm

pre

ssur

e. A

t wha

tte

mpe

ratu

re w

ill th

e pr

essu

re e

qual

3.0

0 at

m if

the

fina

l vol

ume

is 8

.00

L?

17.

At w

hat p

ress

ure

will

a s

ampl

e of

gas

occ

upy

5.0

L a

t 25°

C if

it o

ccup

ies

3.2

L a

t 1.3

atm

pre

ssur

e an

d 20

°C?

18.

How

man

y gr

ams

of h

eliu

m a

re in

a 2

-L b

allo

on a

t ST

P?

19.

One

mol

e of

hyd

roge

n ga

s oc

cupi

es 2

2.4

L. W

hat v

olum

e w

ill th

e sa

mpl

eoc

cupy

if th

e te

mpe

ratu

re is

290

K a

nd th

e pr

essu

re is

2.0

atm

?

f

a, bfce, cda

a, b

Sect

ion

14.2

co

nti

nu

ed

ST

UD

Y G

UID

E F

OR

CO

NT

EN

T M

AST

ER

YCH

AP

TER

14

Cop

yrig

ht ©

Gle

ncoe

/McG

raw

-Hill

,a d

ivis

ion

of th

e M

cGra

w-H

ill C

ompa

nies

,Inc

.

Study Guide for Content Mastery Answer Key Chemistry: Matter and Change T199

Nam

eD

ate

Cla

ss

84C

hem

istr

y: M

atte

r an

d C

han

ge

• C

hap

ter

14St

ud

y G

uid

e fo

r C

on

ten

t M

aste

ry

Sect

ion

14.4

Gas

Sto

ichi

omet

ryIn

yo

ur

text

bo

ok,

rea

d a

bo

ut

gas

sto

ich

iom

etry

.

Bal

ance

the

fol

low

ing

chem

ical

equ

atio

n. T

hen

use

the

bala

nced

equ

atio

n to

ans

wer

the

ques

tion

s.

1.

H2(

g) �

O2(

g) 0

H2O

(g)

2.

Lis

t at l

east

two

type

s of

info

rmat

ion

prov

ided

by

the

coef

fici

ents

in th

e eq

uatio

n.

rela

tive

nu

mb

ers

of

mo

les,

mo

lecu

les,

vo

lum

es o

f g

ases

3.

If 4

.0 L

of

wat

er v

apor

is p

rodu

ced,

wha

t vol

ume

of h

ydro

gen

reac

ted?

Wha

t vol

ume

of o

xyge

n?

4.0

L, 2

.0 L

4.

If it

is k

now

n th

at 2

mol

of

hydr

ogen

rea

cts,

wha

t add

ition

al in

form

atio

n w

ould

you

nee

dto

kno

w to

fin

d th

e vo

lum

e of

oxy

gen

that

wou

ld r

eact

with

it?

mo

le r

atio

fo

r h

ydro

gen

an

d o

xyg

en f

rom

th

e b

alan

ced

eq

uat

ion

, co

nd

itio

ns

of

tem

per

atu

re a

nd

pre

ssu

re, m

ola

r vo

lum

e if

usi

ng

th

e co

mb

ined

gas

law

(If

usi

ng

the

idea

l gas

law

, mo

lar

volu

me

is n

ot

use

d.)

5.

Lis

t the

ste

ps y

ou w

ould

use

to f

ind

the

mas

s of

oxy

gen

that

wou

ld r

eact

with

a k

now

nnu

mbe

r of

mol

es o

f hy

drog

en.

Use

th

e m

ole

rat

io o

f h

ydro

gen

an

d o

xyg

en t

o f

ind

th

e co

rres

po

nd

ing

nu

mb

er o

f

mo

les

of

oxy

gen

th

at r

eact

. Fin

d t

he

mo

lar

mas

s o

f o

xyg

en. M

ult

iply

th

e m

ola

r

mas

s o

f o

xyg

en b

y th

e n

um

ber

of

mo

les

of

oxy

gen

.

6.

Find

the

mas

s of

wat

er p

rodu

ced

from

4.0

0 L

H2

at S

TP

if a

ll of

it r

eact

s. S

how

yo

ur w

ork.

4.00

L H

2/22.

4 L/

mo

l�0.

179

mo

l H2;

H2

and

H2O

are

in a

1:1

rat

io,

so 0

.179

mo

l H2O

is p

rod

uce

d; 0

.179

mo

l H2O

�18

.02

g/m

ol �

3.23

g H

2O

22

ST

UD

Y G

UID

E F

OR

CO

NT

EN

T M

AST

ER

YCH

AP

TER

14

Nam

eD

ate

Cla

ss

Stu

dy

Gu

ide

for

Co

nte

nt

Mas

tery

Ch

emis

try:

Mat

ter

and

Ch

ang

e •

Ch

apte

r 14

83

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t ap

ply

ing

th

e id

eal g

as la

w.

Rea

rran

ge t

he id

eal g

as la

w,P

V�

nRT

,to

solv

e fo

r ea

ch o

f th

e fo

llow

ing

vari

able

s.W

rite

you

r an

swer

s in

the

tab

le.

In y

ou

r te

xtb

oo

k, r

ead

ab

ou

t u

sin

g t

he

idea

l gas

law

to

so

lve

for

mo

lar

mas

s, m

ass,

o

r d

ensi

ty.

Use

the

fol

low

ing

term

s be

low

to

com

plet

e th

e st

atem

ents

. Eac

h te

rm m

ay b

e us

ed m

ore

than

onc

e.

The

num

ber

of m

oles

of

a ga

s is

equ

al to

the

(17)

divi

ded

by th

e

(18)

.

Den

sity

is d

efin

ed a

s (1

9)

per

unit

(20)

.

To s

olve

for

M in

the

equa

tion

M �

,the

(21)

and

the

(22)

of th

e ga

s m

ust b

e kn

own.

Acc

ordi

ng to

the

equa

tion

D�

,the

(23)

of th

e ga

s m

ust b

e

know

n w

hen

calc

ulat

ing

dens

ity.

mo

lar

mas

sM

P� R

T

volu

me

mas

sm

RT

� PV

volu

me

mas

s

mo

lar

mas

s

mas

s

Sect

ion

14.3

co

nti

nu

ed

ST

UD

Y G

UID

E F

OR

CO

NT

EN

T M

AST

ER

YCH

AP

TER

14

Vari

able

to

Find

Rea

rran

ged

Idea

l Gas

Law

Equ

atio

n

n13.

n�

P14.

P�

T15.

T�

V16.

V�

nR

T�

P

PV � nR

nR

T�

VPV � RT

Rearr

an

gin

g t

he I

deal

Gas

Law

Eq

uati

on

mas

sm

ola

r m

ass

volu

me