study & evaluation scheme of...study & evaluation scheme of bsc medical laboratory...

Study & Evaluation

Scheme

Of

BSc Medical Laboratory Technology

Session 2014 - 2017

SCHOOL OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES

I.E.C. UNIVERSITY ,BADDI (SOLAN) H.P.

Syllabus

For

B.. Sc .

In Medical Laboratory Technology

(B.Sc.-MLT)

Academic Programme Duration:

3 Years & 6 Months Internship

,,,

IEC SCHOOLOF PARAMEDICAL SCIENCES:

IEC School of Paramedical Sciences is one of the premium institutes in north India

coordinating professional learning experiences and training for students in field of

Paramedical Sciences. Paramedics can be defined as practice in field of Medical Science that

deals with Pre-Hospital Emergency Services. The increasing demand of skilled paramedical

professionals has opened up several career opportunities for young aspirants. The Education

in the department of Paramedical Sciences at IEC would liberate students to explore, to

create, to challenge and to lead in today’s technology intensive and patient driven health care

environment.

“For your college years, if you are looking for a hub of intellect plus creativity, for a bustling

pot-pourri of national and international cultures and mostly if in the end you want to be

more than just a professional with a degree, then I E C, S . O . P. S is the place to be”

“The college definitely is more than an academic abode. The myriad of guest

lectures, clinical exposure and extracurricular activities makes for one of the best

curriculum in the country. With amazing infrastructure and a dedicated faculty,

IEC has stood beyond the expectations. This is where lives are nurtured”.

Bachelor in Medical Lab Technology:

The B.Sc Medical Laboratory Techniques Course is aimed at training students in the

laboratory aspects of medical care with a good scientific foundation. These students will be in

a position to competently assist in Biochemistry, Pathology, Microbiology Laboratories and

Blood Bank in all types of health care delivery systems. Along with the basic knowledge and

advanced training in latest technologies in laboratories and blood bank, these graduates will

play an important role in determining the quality of health care provided.

Objectives of the Course:

As a nation we have gone ahead in many respects. But there are still areas, which demand

attention, care and concern. The area identified by our think-tanks is “global standards in

Paramedical education and training. IEC University aims to provide trained, qualified,

technical personnel in the field of Paramedical Science to support the medical profession. The

objective of the Paramedical Science education programme is to ensure that educational

opportunities for development of skills

Infrastructure:

The institute has a very good infrastructure for all of the Paramedical courses. The institute

has well equipped laboratory with latest instruments and library facilities and have very

experienced technical staffs. Students are regularly benefited with e-classes for better skill

development and knowledge of latest tool and techniques of Paramedical Sciences by the

eminent faculty members. Students are also engaged in hospitals and pathological centers for

their skills and experience development.

Libraries:

The Health Science Library provides services like e - L e a r n i n g, R e f e r e n c e S e r v i c

e, Current Awareness Service, Audio- Video Viewing, Internet Access Wi-Fi, DELNET

Online and more.

Laboratories:

IEC School of Paramedical Sciences has laboratories attached to various subject

specialties l i k e A n a t o m y P h y s i o l o g y, Biochemistry, Pathology to help the

students to develop psychomotor skills which are very essential for the effective practice

of Paramedical Sciences. It has state-of-the-art labs which provide excellent hands on

training. IEC also has an innovative modern clinical skills lab where students are

trained on various physical skills related to various organ systems, preparing them for

real patient encounters. Most of the diagnostic t e s t s are conducted by fully automated,

advanced instruments and are mo n i t o r e d by st r ict quality control and quality

assurance.

Computer Labs

The highly modernized computer lab has been developed in the University only for the stude

Other Facilities

The electricity and water supply is constant around the clock. Electricity failure, if any, is

managed with generator. The University has power generator to ensure uninterrupted power

supply. Safe drinking water through Aqua guards and water coolers.

Dress Code

Students must follow the norms prescribed by the Institute for dress, both for summer and

winter. White coat is mandatory for all students in the Institute’s campus

Students doing Practical’s Training Research Lab

Faculty:

Medical faculty of various departments and hospital is involved for conduction of various

courses offered by Department of Paramedical Sciences.

Students are trained in special skills like English Communication, Computer, Medical

Ethics and Personality Development.

Curriculum is prepared as per the National & International standards by the eminent

faculty.

Auto Analyzer Autoclave

Microtome pH meter

Colorimeter Oven

Hands on practice are provided in real hospital settings under the direct supervision of

medical fraternity, all through the course.

Special training program in various hospitals is provided in the end of some of the

courses.

Teaching Pedagogy:

Department has developed facilities for high precision analytical work and has acquired some

of the highly advanced equipments and tools for cellular and molecular research. Department

regularly organizes seminars, workshops, brain storming and interactive sessions for the

students and staff, besides providing training to the students and staff from the other institutes

and universities. Teachers actively participate in national and international conferences,

seminars, workshops, meetings, orientation and refresher courses and are on the panel of

various academic and non academic bodies.

Career Prospects:

Govt. sector: Tutor/lecturer in MLT under medical education services, Lecturer in MLT

under vocational higher secondary education, Perfusion Technologist in Dept. of Medical

Education (D.M.E), Junior Scientific Officer & Senior Scientific Officer in Dept. of Health

Sciences (D.H.S).

Private sector: The laboratory specialist can get excellent job opportunities in modern Multi

Specialty Hospital in India and Abroad.

MEDIUM OF INTRUCTION AND EXAMINATIONS

The medium of instructions and examination shall be English in all the programmes,

except in language courses where it is necessary to use the corresponding mediums.

UNIVERSITY FEE

Every student has to deposit his total Fee, other charges and dues, if any, in the

beginning of the semester at the time of Registration, failing which he will not be

permitted for registration in the programme.

FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, STIPENDS, MEDALS AND PRIZES

Fellowships, Scholarships, Stipends, Medals and Prizes may be instituted by the

University and awarded as per rules.

REGISTRATION

• Every Student will register every semester for courses that he wishes to pursue in

that semester.

• A non-registered student will not be allowed to attend classes and take examination

even if he has paid the fees.

• The late registration of a freshman who is admitted after the start of the semester

may be done at the time of admission by the authorized official.

Adding and Dropping of Courses

• A student may be permitted to add or drop course(s) within two weeks of the

beginning of the semester.

• In case a student has been allowed to change the course or programme during

the current semester by the University, the classes attended in the previous

course may also be considered in calculation of attendance to determine the

eligibility for appearing in ESE.

MID – TERM MIGRATION OF STUDENTS

• Inter-university migration shall not be allowed in normal circumstances.

• Under exceptional circumstances, mid-term transfer of a student from any other

University to IEC University may be permitted on a case to case basis. In all such

cases, the approval on the transfer of relevant credits the student has already

earned in that University may be granted by the Academic Council.

TRANSFER OF PROGRAMME

A student once admitted and registered in a programme will not be

allowed to change the programme under any circumstances.

ACADEMIC SYSTEM

• The University will follow semester system in all of its PG/ Integrated programmes.

Summer Semester

• The Vice Chancellor may decide to hold a Summer semester on the

recommendation of the Academic Advisory Committee.

• Summer semester is a special privilege to be offered at the discretion of the

University, and the University will not be under any obligation to offer Summer

semester every year.

• Summer semester, if offered, may be allowed only for students who are not on

disciplinary probation.

• A list of courses to be offered in the Summer semester is brought out during the

even semester before the ESE. Only a few selected courses as decided by the

University may be offered during the Summer semester.

• A course may be offered in the Summer semester if there are a minimum of ten

students registering for it.

• Unless prescribed otherwise in the Regulations of any specific programme, the

Summer semester is a fast-paced semester where all the rules for the normal

semester shall apply but the registration shall be limited to three courses having

total credits not exceeding 12.

• The Summer semester may be of about seven to eight weeks duration and each

course may run on about two times the normal load, thus imparting equivalent to

about 16 weeks of teaching, but at an accelerated pace.

• Whenever possible, the deficient students may be allowed to register for backlog

courses and/ or marginal courses (in which they have obtained D grade) in the

Summer semesters on payment of necessary fees per course.

• A student can normally register only for backlog or marginal courses for the

Summer semester.

• In view of the short duration of the Summer semester, late registration and adding

and dropping of courses are not permitted beyond three days of the start of

classes.

Academic Counselor

• Upon joining the University, each student will be assigned an Academic Counselor.

• The Academic Counselor will discuss with the student his academic performance in

previous semester(s) and suggest the number and nature of courses the student

should register during the ensuing semester, within the framework of that

Programme curriculum.

• The Academic Counselor may advice students having many backlog courses to

register for lesser number of credits (subject to the minimum credits specifications)

and prepare a revised plan of study for the student with a slower pace.

Curriculum

• Each Programme contains a prescribed course structure which is generally called

Curriculum.

• Curriculum of a Programme contains courses grouped under various heads, viz. Open

Core (OC), Open Elective (OE), and Programme Core (PC), Programme Elective (PE) .

• These courses will be offered to a student in a pre-determined manner in each

semester.

• Students are expected to take courses offered in each semester and clear them

subject to various conditions as prescribed in this regulation.

Syllabus

• A course syllabus is a document that explains what a student is going to study in that

course.

• Each course will have a course code, course title, Lecture- Tutorial- Practical- Credit

(LTPC) distribution indicating the weightage of the course, version of syllabus

revision, course pre-requisites/ anti-requisites/ co-requisites (if any), course

objectives, expected outcome, short and detailed description of the topics, suggested

text and reference books, the mode of evaluation adopted, the effective date of

application of the revised version of the syllabus.

Course Plan

• A course plan consists of a list of lectures/ experiments carried out in each

instructional class/ lab by the course teacher during the semester as per the LTPC of

the course, with details like mode of delivery, reference material used, etc.

• One hour of lecture/ tutorial classes or two hours of laboratory work/ seminar/

practical/ group discussion per week constitutes ONE credit for the course. Separate

course plans need to be prepared for the theory and laboratory portions of any

course, if the course has an embedded lab component.

Example:

An LTPC of 2-1-2-4 means 2 hour of class room lecture; one hour of tutorial and

one hour of laboratory, all delivered within a calendar week. This course will

have 4 credits.

Course Flowchart

• A flowchart describes how various courses under OC, OE, PC and PE are connected

through prerequisites.

• Standard pictorial representation are adopted to indicate various types of courses.

• They may be grouped to indicate the proposed semester of offering.

• Necessary pre-, anti- and co- requisite requirements may also be included in the flow

chart.

Structure of the Programmes

The details of OC, OE, PC and PE courses and credit requirements of various

Programmes to become eligible for the completion and award of Degree is

called Programme Structure..

Minimum Credit Requirement

• The minimum credit requirement for the completion of the Programme and award of

UG degree shall be as given below.

• Further, the student must meet the course and credit distribution also as specified

under the Programme.

• Due to various features of FCBS, it is possible for a student to reach the minimum

credit requirements without completing the courses under OC/PC or without

meeting the credit requirements under OE/PE.

• Under such circumstances, though the student has met the minimum credit

requirements, it is mandatory for the student to complete all courses under OC, PC,

OE and PE to become eligible for the Degree.

Minimum Credit Requirement =135 Credits

Credit Distribution

In programme, the course credits will be distributed among various fields of study

such as; Engineering, Science, Humanities, Management, Arts, History,

Languages, Law, Commerce, Finance, Accounting etc. as per requirement of the

Programme.

Course Distribution

The curriculum of each Programme contains courses that are grouped into Open

Core (OC), Open Elective (OE), Programme Core (PC) and Programme Elective

(PE).

Open Core (OC)

• Courses listed under Open Core are basic in nature and are expected to enhance

student’s knowledge in various disciplines apart his own discipline.

• OC courses may be listed by a specific course code and course title.

• In few programmes, a minimum credit requirement may be fixed to be met by taking

one or more courses offered in a group under OC.

• Student Project, Industrial training etc. are part of OC requirements.

• A Foreign language course may be in OC category for some programme.

• This can be met by taking any course offered from a basket of foreign language

courses, like French, German, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, etc. listed under OC.

Programme Core (PC)

• Courses listed under Programme Core of a curriculum are mandatory to the specific

Programme.

• Students have to complete all the courses listed under PC to become eligible for the

degree.

• No substitution of a PC course is permitted.

Open Elective (OE)

• A course, declared as Open Elective for one Programme, can be taken by a student of

any other Programme also.

• This gives an opportunity for students to satisfy their aspirations in other disciplines

also.

• However, the number of Open Elective courses for any programme may be fixed.

Some courses under OE for a given Programme may be PC or PE courses for other

Programmes.

• Since OE courses offered by a particular Programme are expected to be taken by

other discipline students, they may not have a prerequisite other than that appear

under OC.

• A student who is not willing to take any OE course shall be permitted to take PE

course instead.

Programme Elective (PE)

• By taking Programme Elective courses, students get an opportunity to study

advanced or applied or specialized courses.

• These courses will generally provide an in-depth knowledge of a specific sub-field,

the student has taken as his major specialization.

• PE courses need not be restricted to the major specialization of the student.

• To provide an opportunity to students to take interdisciplinary courses, such

identified courses will also be listed under PE courses.

Industrial / Practical Training

• Wherever required in the programme, all students of that programmes should

undergo industrial/ practical training in a reputed industry in, anytime after one year

of study. This is listed under Open Core course category. This training can be availed

in a single stretch or in two stretches.

• Students who have successfully completed their training are required to register for

industrial/ practical training in the following semester for award of grades.

Project/ Thesis/ Dissertation:

• Wherever required in the PG/ Integrated programme, all students of that

programmes should successfully complete Project/ Thesis/ Dissertation work.

• A student has to select a thesis supervisor at the beginning of the last year of the

programme, if not done earlier.

• A student shall not normally have more than two supervisors at any given time.

• Thesis supervisor(s) of a student will normally be appointed from amongst the faculty

members of the University using modalities decided by the departments.

• A student can have a co-supervisor from outside the University on the

recommendation of the Supervisor and with approval of the Director of the Institute.

• In case there has been a change/addition in the supervisor(s), the thesis will not be

submitted earlier than three months from the date of such change.

• Normally, a faculty member shall not supervise more than five individual PG

candidates. However the department may evolve a transparent policy for the

distribution of PG students amongst the faculty members in the department.

• In case a faculty member is suspended / debarred for indulging in lowering the

prestige of the University in any manner, he shall cease to be a thesis supervisor.

• If a supervisor resigns/ expires/ leaves the University, alternative/ caretaker

supervisor be appointed by the Departmental Postgraduate Committee (DPGC.)

• Submitting a thesis that was bought (purchased)/ borrowed/ thesis submitted in

another University/ Institution shall be considered as examination malpractice and

will be awarded an ‘F’ grade.

• Students have the responsibility to decide on the specific thesis area and title, and

carry out substantial portion of the literature survey at the beginning of their final

year.

• Various time limits specified for monitoring and evaluation of performance of the

student, to be announced by the University in each semester, should be strictly

followed.

Minimum/ Maximum Credit Limits for Course Registration

• The Average Academic Load in a regular semester will be of 23 credits.

• However, a fast pace student can register for a maximum of 28 credits.

• Similarly a slow pace student can register for a minimum of 16 credits in a regular

semester (other than during summer semester).

• Under no circumstances, a student will be permitted to cross these limits.

• A student carrying out the last registration of his Programme will be permitted to

register less than 16 credits if the minimum credit requirements for the completion

of Programme so require.

• The average number of credits a student can register during a Summer semester

shall be between 6 and 8, or 2 courses.

• However, in special cases, the student may be permitted to register a maximum of 12

credits during a Summer semester.

• There is no minimum number of credits fixed for course registration during Summer

semester.

Course Prerequisites / Anti-requisites/ C-requisites

• Some courses may have specific prerequisites to be met before a student can register

for the course in the current semester.

• Students who had received an ‘F’ grade in a prerequisite course are also permitted to

register the next level course by assuming that they had attained the required

‘exposure’ by attending that course.

• This stand is adopted so that the student can make further progress towards earning

credits and his progress need not be pulled down by backlog courses. Thus,

concurrent registration of a prerequisite and next level course becomes a possibility.

• Similarly, a course may have an anti-requisite and/ or co-requisite.

• When two courses having almost similar/ same course contents and considered as

equivalent are made available to a student to choose within a group, and to prevent

students crediting both the courses, the anti-requisite option can be used.

• Similarly, an independent laboratory course can be coupled with a theory alone

course through a co-requisite thereby forcing a student to register both the courses

together.

Course Equivalence

• FCBS permits a student to register a course again to clear the backlog.

• When the student registers a course next time, there could be some modifications

carried out in the syllabus of course(s).

• If the changes effected are marginal, both the syllabi are considered to be equivalent

and the student has to undertake the new syllabi currently offered.

• No separate classes with the old syllabi will be conducted for the student to clear the

backlog.

• However, any changes in curriculum will be applicable to the students admitted later

and the earlier batches continue to follow the curriculum existed at the time of their

joining the Programme only.

• After careful study of syllabi, the University may identify new courses considered

equivalent to the courses that were dropped from the curriculum for various

reasons.

• Course equivalence is applicable to all curricula, present and past.

• However, the number of credits to be earned cannot be altered.

Audit Course

• A student willing to get an exposure of a specific course, not listed in his Programme

curriculum, may be permitted to register that course as an Audit course only if his

CGPA is equal to or more than 8.0 at the time of Registration

• A student can register for a maximum of two audit courses only during his entire

programme.

• The student should maintain the minimum attendance conditions specified in Audit

course as well.

• He will be awarded satisfactory ‘S’ grade or unsatisfactory ‘X’ grade based on his

performance in the course.

PG Teaching Experience

To provide an opportunity to Final year students having current CGPA 8.50 or more,

value-addition schemes are available in the University.

• Such students may be awarded tutoring assignments in the lower year courses.

• Such contributions will be duly recognized by providing financial support and making

a mention in the Grade sheets.

Vice Chancellor’s List

• Students who maintain a CGPA of 9.50 and above, starting from the beginning of 3rd

semester results and subsequently, having no ‘F’ grade to their credit, having never

debarred for lack of attendance in any ESE or indiscipline, will be placed on Vice

Chancellor’s List for their meritorious performance.

• Their name will be removed from the Vice Chancellor’s List if their CGPA falls below

9.50 or they receive an ‘F’ grade or are debarred due to lack of attendance in any ESE

or an act of indiscipline subsequently.

• Such students will be accorded benefits/ recognition as per rules.

Conversion Factor for Converting CGPA into Marks Equivalent

If a conversion to marks is required, the following formula may be used to calculate

the same:

The Equivalent Percentage of Marks = CGPA* 9.0 + 5

ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS

• A student must have 75% or more attendance in aggregate of delivered classes,

in all registered courses of theory (lectures plus tutorial) and practicals

(including workshops training, seminar, projects, industrial training etc.) of

the concerned semester.

• Only such students who fulfill the above 75% attendance criteria will be permitted to

appear in End Semester Examination (ESE).

• The cases of students having attendance less than 75% but more than or equal to

60% shall be reviewed by the University on a case to case basis as per the Ordinance.

• If a student’s attendance falls below 60%, for any reason including medical, he will not

be allowed to appear in the ESE of any course registered in the semester. He will be

awarded ‘F’ grades in all the courses of that semester.

• Calculation of attendance for determining the eligibility to appear in ESE will be

based on the date of actual registration of the candidate, if late registration is

permitted by the University.

EXAMINATION

• The period of Examination(s) (Mid semester and End semester) shall be as specified in

the Academic Calendar.

• All students who have registered for a particular course are eligible to write the ESE

of that course, except if he is declared ineligible due to one or more of reasons listed

below.

1. Shortage of attendance

2. Acts of indiscipline

3. Withdrawal of a course from Registration

• Make-up examinations are special examinations conducted for students who could

not take regularly scheduled examination and have been awarded the ‘I’ grade or

‘Incomplete’ result.

• Make–up examination is a special privilege to be offered at the discretion of the

University and the University will not be under any obligation to allow a student a

make-up examination. The student(s) shall have no right to cite the non-availability of

this facility as an excuse for his/ their poor performance.

• Make-up Examination for MSE and/ or ESE may not be allowed to students on

disciplinary probation

• A student, who has missed one or more papers in a regular examination because of a

genuine medical reason, may be permitted in Make-up Examination as per rules.

• A student appearing in a make up examination for ESE and/ or MSE in any course shall

not be awarded ‘A’ grade in that course.

• After valuation of MSE answer scripts, they will be handed over to students.

• Recounting of ESE answer scripts is permitted.

• There is no provision of re-evaluation of ESE answer scripts.

TERMINATION OF THE PROGRAMME

A student will be declared “Not Fit for the Programme (NFP)” and shall have to

discontinue if he does not satisfy following conditions:

After the completion of the First Year the student should have passed a

minimum of forty percent (40%) courses prescribed in the first year to be

calculated after the summer semester, if any.

Second Year onwards, the academic performance of a student is reviewed at

the end of every semester by the Academic Advisory Committee, and the

decision is taken on a case to case basis as per rules..

MAXIMUM DURATION FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE PROGRAMME

(i) The maximum duration for completion of the degree/ diploma/ certificate, for

the completion of the course, subject to other conditions, shall be as follows:

Normal Duration Maximum Duration Allowed

3 Years 5 Years

RESULT AND DIVISION

• A student will be issued a Cumulative Grade Card at the end of each semester

indicating the grades secured for all the registered courses up to and including the

last semester.

• The minimum CGPA requirement for the award of an Post Graduate degree/ diploma/

certificate/ integrated programme will be 5.5 subject to getting ‘D’ or above grade

in each of the courses individually.

• The result of a student may be withheld if,

(1) He has not paid all the dues, or

(2) If there is a case of indiscipline or use of unfair means or of

academic misconduct pending against him, or

(3) Any other reason as deemed fit by the University.

• Four divisions as defined below shall be awarded:

Division CGPA

First with Honors and

Certificate of Merit

> = 9.0

First with Honours > = 8.0 < 9.0

First > = 6.5 < 8.0

Second > = 5.0 < 6.5

• For securing degree/ diploma/ certificate in First Division with Honors and First

Division with Honors and certificate of Merit , a student shall have passed all the

courses (Theory and Practical) of the programme in the first attempt, i.e., without

ever being awarded a Re-appear or a Fail.

MAINTENANCE OF DISCIPLINE AMONG STUDENTS

• All powers relating to maintenance and enforcement of discipline in the

University and taking disciplinary action against the students and employees of

the University shall vest in the Vice-Chancellor, which he may delegate as he

deems proper.

• All acts given in details in Ordinance shall amount to acts of indiscipline or

misconduct or ragging on the part of a student of the University and colleges /

institutions.

• The University Authority in the exercise of the powers, order or direct that any

student –

(a) be expelled from the University, college or institution, or

(b) be, for a stated period, rusticated or

(c) be not, for a stated period, admitted to a course or courses of study of the

University; or

(d) be imposed with the fine of a specified amount of money;

(e) be debarred from taking a University examination or examinations for one

or more years.

ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT AND USE OF UNFAIR MEANS

• Plagiarism, collusion and cheating are all forms of academic misconduct and use of

unfair means as defined in the Examination Ordinances.

• In case the student has come to examination under the influence of any

intoxicating material, misbehaves with one or more members of the supervisory

staff, it will also be treated as an act of Unfair Means and academic misconduct .

• In relation to continuous assessment, Academic misconduct and use of Unfair Means is

classified as Major Misconduct or Minor Misconduct as described below:

(1) Major Misconduct: Where plagiarism, collusion or cheating is detected

in Thesis, Dissertation or Major Project of a programme.

(2) Minor Misconduct: All other academic misconduct excluding

those defined in major misconduct will be regarded as a minor misconduct

and will be dealt accordingly.

• If the Unfair Means Board (UFMB) finds the student guilty, one of the following

actions may be taken:

(1) The student may be disqualified for one or more semester, or

(2) The student may be rusticated for one or more semester, or

(3) The academic programme of the student may be terminated.

(4) Any other action as deemed fit by the UMB.

RESIDUAL PROVISION

In case of any dispute/ difference of interpretation of provisions made in the Ordinances and

Regulations, the decision of the Chancellor shall be final.

Proposed Course Structure of Three Years Followed By Compulsory 6

Months Internship Bachelor Degree in Medical Lab Technology

The proposed curriculum has been carefully designed to meet the objectives of the IEC

University. We understand that in order to cater the demands of the industry & research and

to meet the challenges of the future the curriculum can be modified as and when required.

Bachelor Degree in Medical Lab Technology (BMLT) (Three & Half Years)

First Year

S. No. Sub Code Subject Contact

Hours Credits

1. MLT-101 General Pathology & Microbiology

3 3

2. MLT-102 Hematology

3 3

3. MLT-103

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 3 3

4. MLT-104

Basics of Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology,

Instruments & Reagents

3 3

5. MLT-101P General Pathology & General Microbiology

4 2

6. MLT-102P Hematology

4 2

7. MLT-103P

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 4 2

8 MLT-104P

Basics of Biochemistry, Clinical Pathology,

Instruments & Reagents

4 2

Total 28 20

Note: English (4hrs) & Computers (both theory & lab, 6 hrs) not included for university examination.

Second Year


Hours Credits

1. MLT-201

Blood Bank Procedures & Hemoglobinopathies. 3 3

2. MLT-202

Endocrinology, Tumor & Cancer Markers 3 3

3. MLT-203

Clinical Biochemistry 3 3

4. MLT-204

Immunology, Serology& Parasitology. 3 3

5. MLT-201P

Blood Bank Procedures & Hemoglobinopathies. 4 2

6. MLT-202P Endocrinology, Tumor & Cancer Markers 4 2

7. MLT-203P

Clinical Biochemistry 4 2

8. MLT-204P

Immunology, Serology& Parasitology. 4 2

Total 28 20

Note: *Clinical Training (in a medical college/100 bedded hospital with well equipped pathology laboratory

for at least one month). * Not included for university examinations.

Bachelor Degree in Medical Lab Technology (BMLT) (Three & Half Years)

Third Year


Hours Credits

1. MLT-301

Histopathology & Cytology techniques 3 3

2. MLT-302 Coagulation studies 3 3

3. MLT-303

Systemic bacteriology, Mycology & Virology 3 3

4. MLT-304

Quality Laboratory Management & Automation 3 3

5. MLT-301P

Histopathology & Cytology techniques 4 2

6. MLT-302P Coagulation studies 4 2

7. MLT-303P

Systemic bacteriology, Mycology & Virology 4 2

8. MLT-304P

Quality Laboratory Management & Automation 4 2

Total 28 20

Note: Clinical Training (in a medical college/100 bedded hospital with well equipped pathology laboratory

for at least one month on rotatory basis in various sections of pathology & microbiology lab.).

* Not included for university examinations.

Total credits of the Whole Course = 60

DURATION OF COURSE

• B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology course will be a full time course.

• Duration will be three years followed by compulsory 6 months rotatory internship.

• This course shall be divided into three professional examinations namely B.Sc. in Medical

Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT) Part-I at the end of first academic year, B.Sc.-MLT Part-

II at the end of second academic year and B.Sc.-MLT Part-III at the end of third academic year.

EXAMINATION:

• There shall be an annual university examination at the end of each academic year in the form of

theory papers and practical examinations. The candidate shall be required to appear in every

subject as specified in the course structure for each year.

Duration of Examination: Each theory paper shall be of three hours duration.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

It will be for theory and practical both.

It will be done through the whole year.

Grace Marks:

If a candidate fails in one subject (theory only) in the annual University examination, five

grace marks will be given to the candidate by the University before the declaration of

result.

Candidate failing in practical examination will be considered as failed.

Division:

Candidate will be awarded division at the end of 3rd academic year as follows:

Distinction - 75% and above marks in any subject.

First division - 60% and above in the aggregate of marks of all subjects

Second division- 50% or more but less than 60% in the aggregate of marks of all subjects.

Degree:

The degree of B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT) course of the

University shall be conferred on the candidates who have pursued the prescribed course of

study for not less than three academic years and have passed examinations as prescribed

under the relevant scheme and completed 6 months of compulsory rotatory internship.

INTERNSHIP

There shall be six months of Internship after the final year examination for candidates

declared to have passed the examination in all the subjects.

During the internship candidate shall have to work full time average 7 hours per day (each

working day) for 6 Calendar months.

Each candidate is allowed maximum of 6 holidays during entire Internship Program and in

case of any exigencies during which the candidate remains absent for a period more than 6

days, he/she will have to work for the extra days during which the candidate has remained

absent.

The Internship should be rotatory and cover Haematology, Histology & Cytology,

Biochemistry, Microbiology, Endocrinology & Automation sections of Pathology laboratory.

Based on the attendance and work done during posting the Director/Principal/ head of

institution/department shall issue 'Certificate of Satisfactory Completion' of training

following which the University shall award the B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology

Degree or declare the candidate eligible for the same.

No candidate shall be awarded degree without successfully completing six months

internship.

Institution shall have to satisfy themselves that satisfactory infrastructure facilities of Pathology

Laboratory exist in the Institute / Hospital where the internship training has to be undertaken.

Following parameters / guidelines have been suggested:

It is mandatory for the Institution to have its own well equipped and modern pathology

laboratory.

Senior Pathologist should manage the pathology laboratory in the Institutes/Hospitals.

Institute's Director / Principal can at his discretion grant NOC to the students to do the

Internship at the place of his choice provided the concerned Hospital/Pathology Laboratory

fully satisfies the above criteria. For the purpose of granting NOC the candidate shall have to

submit to the Institution the status of Pathology Laboratory services available at the place

where he intends to do his Internship.

B.Sc. In Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT) First Year

I. GENERAL PATHOLOGY & GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Subject Code: MLT-101

Min. Hrs - Theory: 100 Hrs. & Practical: 100 Hrs.

THEORY

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

1. Cell Injury and Cellular Adaptations.

Normal Cell Injury- types of cell injury, etiology of cell injury, morphology of cell injury,

cellular swelling.

Cell death: types- autolysis, necrosis, apoptosis & gangrene.

Cellular adaptations-atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia & dysplasia.

2. Inflammation

Acute inflammation - vascular event, cellular event, inflammatory cells.

Chronic Inflammation - general features, granulomatous inflammation, tuberculoma.

3. Haemodynamic Disorders :

Oedema, hyperemia, congestion, haemorrage, circulatory disturbances, thrombosis, ischaemia &

infarction.

4. Neoplasia:

Definition, how does it differ from hyperplasia, difference between benign tumor and malignant

tumor.

5. Healing

Definition, different phases of healing, factors influencing wound healing.

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

1. General characters and classification of Bacteria.

2. Characteristics of Bacteria

Morphology - Shape, Capsule, Flagella, Inclusion, Granule, Spore

3. Growth and Maintenance of Microbes

Bacterial division, Batch Culture, Continuous culture, bacterial growth- total count, viable

count, bacterial nutrition, oxygen requirement, CO2 requirement, temperature, pH, light

4. Sterilization and Disinfection.

Physical agents- Sunlight, Temperature less than 1000C, Temperature at 1000C, steam at

atmospheric pressure and steam under pressure, irradiation, filtration

Chemical Agents- Alcohol, aldehyde, Dyes, Halogens, Phenols, Ethylene oxide

5. Culture Media

Definition, uses, basic requirements, classification, Agar, Peptone, Transport

Media, Sugar Media, Anaerobic Media, Containers of Media, Forms of Media

6. Staining Methods

Simple, Grams staining, Ziehl-Neelsen staining or AFB staining, Negative Impregnation

7. Collection and Transportation of Specimen

General Principles, Containers, Rejection, Samples- Urine, Faeces, Sputum, Pus, Body

fluids, Swab, Blood.

8. Care and Handling of Laboratory Animals

Fluid, Diet, Cleanliness, Cages, Ventilation, Temperature, Humidity, Handling of Animals,

Prevention of Disease

9. Disposal of Laboratory/Hospital Waste

Non-infectious waste, infected sharp waste disposal, infected non-sharp waste

PRACTICAL

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

1. Components & setting of the Compound microscope.

2. Focusing of object.

3. Use of low & high power objectives of microscope.

4. Use of oil immersion lens.

5. Care and Maintenance of the microscope.

6. Different types of microscopy

Dark field microscopy

Fluorescence Microscopy

Electronic Microscopy in brief

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

1. Preparation of swabs/sterile tubes & bottles.

2. Preparation of smear.

3. Staining.: Gram & Ziehl -Neelsen staining.

4. Identification of Culture media.

5. Identification of instruments.

6. Identification of common microbes.

II. HEMATOLOGY


Min. Hrs. - Theory: 80 Hrs. & Practical: 80 Hrs.

THEORY

1. Hematological Disorders

a) Classification of Anemia: Morphological & etiological.

b) Iron Deficiency Anemia: Distribution of body Iron, Iron Absorption, causes of iron

deficiency, lab findings.

c) Megaloblastic Anemia: Causes, Lab findings.

d) Hemolytic Anemia: Definition, causes, classification & lab findings.

e) Bone Marrow: Cell composition of normal adult Bone marrow, Aspiration, Indication,

Preparation & Staining, Special Stain for Bone Marrow -Periodic Acid, Schiff, Sudan

Black, Myeloperoxidase

f) Leukemia: Classification, Blood Picture, Differentiation of Blast Cells.

2. Basic Hematological Techniques

a) Characteristics of good technician

b) Preparation of specimen collection material.

c) Lab. request form.

d) Basic steps for drawing a blood specimen by vein puncture. Complications of vein

puncture.

e) Patient after care

f) Specimen rejection criteria for blood specimen

g) Hemolysis of blood

h) Blood collection by skin puncture (Capillary Blood)

i) Arterial puncture.

j) Deciding specimen types and selection of Anticoagulant- EDTA, Citrate, Oxalate,

Heparin, sodium fluoride.

k) Separation of serum

l) Separation of plasma

m) Changes in blood on keeping

n) Maintenance of specimen identification

o) Transport of the specimen.

p) Effect of storage on Blood Cell Morphology

q) Universal precautions

PRACTICAL

1. Basic requirements for hematology laboratory.

2. Glass wares for Hematology.

3. Equipments for Hematology.

4. Anticoagulant vial preparation.

5. Complete Blood Counts.

6. Determination of Hemoglobin.

7. TRBC Count by Hemocytometers.

8. TLC by Hemocytometer.

9. Differential Leukocyte count.

10. Determination of Platelet Count.

11. Determination of ESR by wintrobes.

12. Determination of ESR by Westergeren's method.

13. Determination of PCV by Wintrobes.

14. Erythrocyte Indices- MCV, MCH, MCHC.

15. Reticulocyte Count.

16. Absolute Eosinophil Count.

17. Morphology of Red Blood Cells.

III.FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY



THEORY

ANATOMY

1. General Anatomy

a) Cell - structure & function

b) Tissue:

Epithelium, Connective, Sclerous, Muscular, Nervous

c) Lymphatic System

2. Systemic

Basic Features of:

a) Cardiovascular system

b) Respiratory system

c) Digestive system

d) Excretory system

e) Genital (Male & Female) system

f) Nervous system

PHYSIOLOGY

1. Cell: Structure & function

2. Blood

a) Blood cells

b) Haemoglobin

c) Blood groups

d) Coagulation Factors

e) Anaemia & Immunoglobulins

3. Cardiovascular system

Heart rate, cardiac cycle, cardiac output, blood pressure, hypertension, radial pulse

4. Respiratory System

a) Ventilation

b) Functions

c) Lungs Volumes and capacities

5. Gastrointestinal System

Process of digestion in various parts

6. Endocrinology

a) List of Endocrine Glands

b) Hormones: Their secretion and functions (in brief)

7. Excretion system

a) Structure of nephron

b) Urine formation

8. Central Nervous System

a) Parts

b) Sliding Filament Theory

c) Neuro Muscular Junction

d) Wallerian Degeneration

e) Motor Nervous system

- Upper motor neuron system

- Lower motor neuron system

f) Sensory nervous system

g) Sympathetic Nervous system

h) Parasympathetic nervous system

9. Skin - Function & Structure

10. Muscular System

Classification of muscles & their functions

11. Special Senses - Eye & ear (in brief)

PRACTICAL

ANATOMY

1. Identification and description of all anatomical structures.

2. The learning of Anatomy is by demonstration only through dissected parts, slides, models,

charts etc.

3. Demonstration of dissected parts (upper extremity, lower extremity, thoracic & abdominal

viscera, face and brain).

4. Demonstration of skeleton - articulated and disarticulated.

PHYSIOLOGY

1. Measurement of pulse, blood pressure.

2. Elicitation of Reflexes & jerks.

3. Identification of blood cells by study of peripheral blood smear.

IV.BASICS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, INSTRUMENTS &

REAGENTS



THEORY

1. Chemistry of carbohydrates & their related metabolsim -

Introduction, definition, classification, biomedical importance & properties. Brief outline of

meatbolism : Glycogenesis & glycogenolysis (in brief), Glycolysis, citric acid cycle & its

signifiance, HMP shunt & Gluconeogenesis (in brief), regulation of blood glucose level

2. Amino acids - Definition, classification, essential & non essential amino acids.

3. Chemistry of Proteins & their related metabolism -

Introduction, definition, classification, biomedical importance.

Metabolism :Transformation, Decarboxylation, Ammonia formation & transport, Urea cycle,

metabolic disorders in urea cycle, catabolism of amino acids especially Phenylalanine,

Tyrosine & Tryptophan, Creatine, Creatinine , Proteinuria

4. Chemistry of Lipids & their related metabolism -

Introduction, definition, classification, biomedical importance, essential fatty acids.

Brief out line of metabolism : Beta oxidation of fatty acids, fatty liver, Ketosis, Cholesterol &

it's clinical significance, Lipoproteins in the blood composition & their functions in brief,

Atherosclerosis.

5. Enzymes

Introduction, definition, classification, coenzymes, isoenzymes, properties, factors

affecting enzyme action, enzyme inhibition, diagnostic value of serum enzymes -

Creatinine kinase, Alkaline phosphatase, Acid phosphatase, LDH, SGOT, SGPT,

Amylase, Lipase, Carbonic anhydrase etc.

6. Acid base balance concepts & disorders - pH, Buffers, Acidosis, Alkalosis

7. Hyperglycemia & hypoglycemia -

Diabetes mellitus - definition, types, features, gestation diabetes mellitus , glucose

tolerance test, glycosurias, Hypoglycemia & its causes

PRACTICAL

1- Introduction

Aim, basis, interpretation, safety in clinical biochemistry Laboratory

2- Laboratory organization Instruments, glassware, sample collection & specimen labeling,

routine tests, anticoagulants, reagents, cleaning of glassware, isotonic solution,

standardization of methods, preparation of solution & interpretation of result, normal values.

3- Identification of Carbohydrates (qualitative tests). Identification of Proteins (qualitative

tests).

4- To study general properties of the enzyme (Urease) & Achromatic time of Salivary

amylase.

5- Urine analysis – normal & abnormal constituents of urine.

6- CSF & Semen Analysis - Gross & Microscopic.

7- Glucose tolerance test & Glycosylated haemoglobin.

8- Centrifugation : Principle, types & applications.

9- Chromatography : Definition, types, RF value, description of paper chromatography &

applications.

10- Uses, Care and Maintenance of various instruments of the laboratory.

ENGLISH

(Not for university Examination)

Min. Hrs - Theory: 40 Hrs.

1. Introduction:

Study techniques, Organisation of effective note taking and logical processes of analysis

and synthesis, the use of the dictionary, enlargement of vocabulary& effective diction.

2. Applied Grammar:

Correct usage, the structure of sentences, the structure of paragraphs.

3. Written Composition:

Precise writing and summarising, writing of bibliography, enlargement of vocabulary.

4. Reading and comprehension

Review of selected materials and express oneself in one's words, enlargement of

vocabulary.

5. The study of various forms of composition paragraph, essay, letter, summary, practice in

writing.

6. Verbal communication:

Discussions and summarization, debates, oral reports, use in teaching.

COMPUTER

(Not for university Examination)

Min. Hrs - Theory: 30 Hrs., Practical : 30 Hrs.

1. Basics of computer

2. Hardware and software

2. Input and output devices

3. Operating system – DOS, etc

4. Internet-

Email, social networking, application in medicine, browsing journals and article using

internet .

I. B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT) Second

Year

BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES & HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

Subject Code : MLT-201

Min. Hrs. - Theory : 80 Hrs. & Practical : 80 Hrs.

THEORY

1. Blood Grouping

• Introduction

• Human Blood Group system

• ABO Subgroups

• Red Cell Antigen

• Natural Antibodies

• Rh System

• Rh Antigens & Rh Antibodies

• Hemolytic Disease of Newborn & Prevention

• Principal of Blood grouping, antigen-antibodyreaction.

• Agglutination, Haemagglutination, Condition required for antigen antibody

reaction.

• Blood grouping techniques, Cell grouping, Serum grouping.

• Methods for ABO grouping. Slide & Tube Method, Cell grouping, Serum

grouping, Rh grouping by slide & tube method.

• Difficulties in ABO grouping.

• Rouleaux formation, how it interfere with Blood grouping.

• Auto agglutinins.

• Antiserum used in ABO test procedures, Anti –A, Anti-B Anti- AB Antiserum.

• Inheritance of the Blood groups.

• Control, A&B Cells preparation, Auto control.

• Medical applications of Blood groups.

2. Blood Transfusion

• Principal & Practice of blood Transfusion.

• Blood Transfusion service at District level.

• Guide lines for the use of Blood, Appropriate use of Blood, Quality Assurance.

• Antilogous Blood Transfusion practices.

• Objectives of Quality Assurance in Blood Transfusion services, Standard

operating procedures for usage, donation & storage of blood, screening of donor,

compatibility testing, safety, procurement of supplies.

3. Blood Donation

• Introduction

• Blood donor requirements

• Criteria for selection & rejection

• Medical history & personal details

• Self-exclusion.

• Health checks before donating blood.

• Screening for TTI.

4. Blood Collection

• Blood collection packs.

• Anticoagulants.

• Taking & giving sets in Blood transfusion.

• Techniques of collecting blood from a doctor.

• Instructions given to the donor after blood donation.

• Adverse donor reaction.

5. Testing Donor Blood

• Screening donor's blood for infectious agents - HIV, HCV, HBV, Trepanoma

palladium, Plasmodium, HTLV.

• Bacterially contaminated Blood.

6. Blood Donor Records

• Blood donation record book.

• Recording results.

• Blood donor card.

7. Storage & Transport

• Storage of blood.

• Changes in blood after storage.

• Gas refrigerator.

• Lay out of a blood bank refrigerator

• Transportation.

8. Maintenance of Blood Bank Records

• Blood bank temperature sheet.

• Blood bank stock sheet.

• Blood transfusion request form.

9. Compatibility Testing

• Purpose

• Single tube compatibility techniques using AHG reagent.

• Emergency compatibility testing.

• Difficulties in cross matching.

• Labeling & Issuing cross- matched blood.

10. Blood Components

• Collection of blood components for fractional transfusion.

• Platelets packed Red Cell, Platelet rich Plasma, Platelets concentrate.

• Preparation of concentrated (packed) Red cells.

• Techniques of preparation.

11. Blood Transfusion Reactions

• Investigation of a Transfusion reaction.

• Hemolytic transfusion reaction.

• Actions to take when transfusion reaction occurs.

PRACTICAL

• Blood grouping & Cross Matching

II. ENDOCRINOLOGY, TUMOR & CANCER MARKERS



THEORY

ENDOCRINOLOGY

1. Introduction

2. Difference between hormones and enzymes.

3. Classification of hormones.

4. Regulation and general mechanism of action of hormones.

5. Pituitary gland & hypothalamus

6. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary- Growth hormone, Prolactin, Gonadotropin,

Follicle Stimulating hormone, Leuteinizing Hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone

(TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

7. Hormones of neurohypophysis- Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

8. Hormones of the Thyroid gland- chemistry and normal physiology, Thyroid

disorders-goiter, myxodema, autoimmune thyroiditis, tumors of the thyroid gland,

hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, Calcitonin, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

9. Adrenocortical hormones-synthesis and secretion, Aldosterone & its function,

Addisons disease, Glucocorticoids & functions, Mineralocorticoids & functions,

Cortisol & functions, Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome.

10. Adrenal medulla-metabolism of catecholamines

11. Hormones of the gonads -

Testosterone, Estrogens, Progesterone, their synthesis and functions.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), hormone, menstrual cycle, Menopause

12. Hormone of pancreas - Insulin- its metabolic effects on carbohydrates, fats & protein,

control of insulin secretion, Glucagon- functions, metabolic effects, blood glucose

regulation, Diabetes Mellitus, Somatostatin.

13. Hormone of kidney - Renin

TUMOR & CANCER MARKERS:

1. Introduction.

2. The Carcinogens-definition.

3. Oncogene-definition-

Mechanism of action of Oncogenes (outline).

4. Characteristics of growing tumor cells-general and morphological changes,

biochemical changes.

5. Tumor Markers-

Introduction and definition

6. Clinical applications of tumor markers.

7. Enzymes as tumor markers, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Creatine kinase (CK),

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), Prostate specific

antigens (PSA).

8. Hormones as tumor markers (introduction of each type in brief).

9. Oncofetal antigens.

10. Alpha feto protein (AFP)

11. Carcino embryonic antigen (CEA)

12. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen.

13. Carbohydrate markers (brief introduction of each type)

CA 15-3, CA 125

14. Blood group antigen (brief introduction of each type)

CA 19-9, CA 50, CA 72-4, CA 242

15. Bladder cancer markers (introduction in brief) -

Bladder tumor antigen (BTA)

16. Fibrin- Fibrinogen degradation product (FDP).

17. Nuclear matrix protein (NMP22).

18. Biomarkers still in research (introduction in brief)-

Telomeres, TRAP assay, hyaluronic acid and Hyaluronidase

PRACTICALS

ENDOCRINOLOGY

1. Estimation of T3

2. Estimation of T4

3. Estimation of TSH

4. Estimation of FSH

5. Estimation of LH

6. Estimation of hCG

7. Estimation of Cortisol

8. Estimation of Progesterone

9. Estimation of Testosterone

TUMOR & CANCER MARKERS:

1. Estimation of Alpha feto proteins (AFP)

2. Estimation of Carcino embryonic antigen (CEA)

3. Estimation of CA- 125

4. Estimation of Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

OTHER ELISA TESTS

1. Test for HIV

2. Test for Hepatitis B (HBsAg)

3. Test for Hepatitis (HCV)

4. Malaria antigen

5. Tuberculosis-lgG/IgM

III.CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY


Min. Hrs. - Theory: 100 Hrs. & Practical : 100 Hrs.

THEORY

1- Photometry-

Definition, laws of photometry, absorbance, transmittance, absorption maxima,

instruments, parts of photometer, types of photometry–colorimetry, spectrophotometry,

flame photometry, fluuorometry, choice of appropriate filter, measurements of solution,

calculation of formula, applications.

2- Water & Mineral Metabolism-

Distribution of fluids in the body, ECF & ICF, water metabolism, dehydration, mineral

metabolism, macronutrients (principal mineral elements) & trace elements.

3- Liver Functions & their Assessment-

Based on: 1- Carbohydrate metabolism 2-Protein metabolism 3- Lipid metabolism

4-Measurements of serum enzyme levels 4-Bile pigment metabolism, Jaundice, its

types and their biochemical findings.

4- Renal Function Tests-

Various Tests, GFR & Clearance

5- Immunodiffusion Techniques, Radioimmunoassay & ELISAPrinciples

& Applications.

6- Electrophoresis -

Principle, Types & Applications.

7- Polymerase Chain Reaction -

Principle & Applications

8- Autoanalysers -

Principle & Applications

9- Vitamins-

Fat & water soluble vitamins, sources, requirement, deficiency disorders & biochemical

functions.

10- Cardiac Profile -

In brief Hypertension, Angina, Myocardial Infarction, Pattern of Cardiac Enzymes in

heart diseases

11- Different methods of Glucose Estimation-

Principle advantage and disadvantage of different methods

12- Different methods of Cholesterol Estimation-

Principle, advantage and disadvantage of different methods.

PRACTICAL

(By Colorimeter / Spectrophotometer)

1. Blood urea estimation

2. Serum creatinine estimation

3. Serum uric acid estimation

4. Serum total protein estimation

5. Serum albumin estimation

6. Serum globulin estimation

7. Serum glucose estimation

8. Total cholesterol estimation

9. HDL cholesterol (direct) estimation.

10. LDL cholesterol (direct) estimation

11. Triglyceride estimation

12. Serum Bilirubin total estimation

13. Serum Bilirubin direct estimation

14. Serum amylase estimation

15. Serum GOT (AST) estimation

16. Serum GPT (ALT) estimation

17. Alkaline phostase estimation

18. Acid phosphatase estimation

19. Serum sodium estimation

20. Serum potassium estimation

21. Serum chloride estimation

22. CK-NAC estimation

IV.IMMUNOLOGY, SEROLOGY & PARASITOLOGY

Subject Code : MLT-204


THEORY

IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY

1. Immunity - Definition and classification

- General Principles of Innate & Acquired Immunity.

2. Immune Response - Humoral immunity & cell mediated immunity.

3. Antigen - Definition, classes, properties.

4. Antibodies/Immunoglobulins - Definition, Properties, Sub types of Immunoglublines

5. Antigen/Ab Reaction/Serological Refractions -

6. Features of antigen/antibody Reaction-

- Precipitation

- Agglutination

- Complement fixation test

- Neutralization

- Opsonization

- Immune adherence

- Immuno fluorescence

- Immuno electron microscopic test

7. Structure and functions of Immune System

- Parts of Immune system

- T/B cells, other cells & their functions

8. Hyper sensitivity Reactions

- General Principles of different types of hypersensitive

reactions i.e., type 1, 2, 3, 4.

- Auto immune disorders

9. ELISA

10. Vaccination - Schedule & Vaccines

PARASITOLOGY

1. Definition - parastism, HOST, Vectors etc.

2. Classification of Parasites .

3. Phylum Protozoa- general Pathogenic and non pathogenic protozoa.

4. Phylum Nemathelminths/Round words (Nematoda) .

5. Phylum Platyhelminths - class-Cestoda, class-Trematoda.

6. Lab diagnosis of parasitic infections.

Protozoa :

i. Intestinal Amoebae

a. E. Histolytica : Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis

b. E. coli : Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis

ii. Flagellates of intestine/genitalia

a. Giardia lamblia : Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis

b. Trichomonas vaginalis : Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis

iii. Malarial Parasite

a. Plasmodium vivax : Life cycle, Morphology, disease & lab diagnosis

b. Differences between P. vivax, P. malaria, P. falcipaum & P.ovale.

Nematodes :

Intestinal Nematodes :

a. Ascaris : Life cycle, Morphology, disease & lab diagnosis

b. Brief discussion about Enterobius vermicularis (Thread worm ) and Ancylostoma

duodenale (Hook worm)

Tissue Nematodes :

W. Bancrofti - Life cycle, Morphology, Disease & Lab Diagnosis

Phylum Platyhelminths

a. Cestodes - T. solium, T. saginata & E. granulosus. (in brief)

b. Trematodes - S. haematobium & F. hepatica (in brief)

PRACTICAL

IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY

• WIDAL Test

• VDRL Test,

• RA Test

• CRP Test

• Pregnancy Test & HIV Test

PARASITOLOGY

• Stool examination.

• Identification of different ova & cysts in stool samples.

I. B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (B.Sc.-MLT) Third Year

HISTOPATHOLOGY & CYTOLOGY TECHNIQUES

Subject Code : MLT- 301


THEORY

1. Introduction to Histopathology, expfoliative Cytology.

2. Basic steps for Tissue Processing- Fixing, Embedding, Microtomy, Staining,

Mounting, methods of decalcifications.

3. Laboratory requirements for Histopathology & Cytology - Chemicals & Reagents

4. Equipments - Microscope, Microtome -Types, Uses, Parts, different types of

microtome knives, care & maintenance. Automated tissue processor - components,

working & precautions during use, Tissue floating bath.

5. Staining Methods -

a. Hematoxylin & Eosin stain, Hematoxylin - Types, methods of preparation,

staining, Eosin - Method of preparation.

b. Reticulin stain

c. PAP staining- components & methods.

6. Museum Techniques

a. The mounting of pathological specimens - Introduction., Preparation of specimen,

Fixation of specimen- Kaiserling solution-1 & Kaiserling solution-2

b. Precaution taken for the Fixation of Specimens.

c. Storage of Specimens.

d. Mounting of Museum Specimens.

e. Routine Mounting of Specimens.

f. Filling and Scaling.

PRACTICAL

1. Parts of microtome

2. Tissue processing

3. H&E staining

4. PAP staining.

II. COAGULATION STUDIES

Subject Code: MLT- 302


THEORY

1. Hemostasis - Definition, Basic concept and principle, Basic steps involved in

Hemastosis.

2. Coagulation -

a. Basic Physiology, coagulation factors.

b. Mechanism of blood coagulation.

c. Extrinsic Pathway.

d. Intrinsic Pathway.

e. Regulators of blood coagulation.

3. Testing of blood coagulation -

a. Bleeding Time, Duke's method.

b. Clotting Time- Capillary tube method & Lee white's method.

c. PT, aPTT, TT

d. Clot retraction time

e. Determination of fibrinogen.

4. Quality Assurance for routine Heamostasis Laboratorya.

Introduction.

b. Sample collection technique (Phelbotony)

c. Sample preparation, Anticoagulant used, Importance of use of Sodium

Citrate.

5. Role in Diseases, Bleeding disordersa.

Platelet disorder - Thrombocytopenias - causes including aplastic anemia.

b. D I C

c. IT P

d. Hemophilia

PRACTICAL

1. Precautions to prevent hemolysis

2. Storage of blood specimens

3. Bleeding time & clotting time estimation

4. Prothrombin time estimation

5. aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) estimation.

6. Clot retraction time.

III. SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY, MYCOLOGY & VIROLOGY



THEORY

SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY

Study of -

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Neisseira gonorrhoea, Neisseira

meningitis, Cornybacterium diptheriae, Mycobaterium, Clostridium, E.coli,

Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio & Spirochaetes with reference

to their :

- Morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical reaction,

pathogenesis/disease caused & lab diagnosis.

MYCOLOGY

- Morphology and Structure of fungi

- Classification of fungi

- Nutrition and cultivation of fungus

- Cutaneous & Sub cutaneous and Systemic Mycosis ( in brief)

- Lab diagnosis of fungal Infections

- Opportunistic fungal infections

VIROLOGY

- General characters of viruses

- Classification of viruses

- Lab diagnosis of viral infections

- Cultivation of viruses

- Bacteriophages.

- Retro viruses - HIV, Hepatitis virus , Pox virus ,

- Picrona virus - Polio

- Orthomyxo virus - Influenza

- Arbo virus - Chikungunya, Dengue

- Herpies and Adeno virus

PRACTICAL

SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY

1. Culture Techniques

2. Composition of culture media

3. Preparation of media

4. Identification of media & their uses

5. Culture methods & identification of common bacteria on media.

6. Antibiotic sensitivity testing.

MYCOLOGY & VIROLOGY

1. Culture Media used for fungus.

2. Fungal culture

3. Methods of lab diagnosis & virus.

IV. QUALITY LABORATORY MANAGEMENT & AUTOMATION



THEORY

AUTOMATION

1. Automation - Introduction, meaning, advantages, history

2. Continuous flow analyzers

3. Single channel continuous flow analyzers-advantages, disadvantages

4. Multi channel flow analyzers

5. Discrete auto analyzers - basic features, types, semi automated, fully automated

6. Batch analyzers

7. Random access analyzers (RAA)

8. Component steps in fully automated analyzers

9. Auto analyzers based on immunoassay techniques, Micro particle enzyme

immunoassay (MEIA)

10. Various random access analyzers - Hitachi- 704, BM/Hitachi - 717

11. Centrifugal analyzers, ASCA

12. Dry chemistry analyzers

13. Dimension RxL clinical chemistry system

14. The Heterogeneous Immunoassay module components

15. Beckman Array 360 system

16. Mini Vidas analyzers

17. Immulite automated immunoassay analyzers

18. Latest trends in Automation, Biochips, Lab on a chip (LoC), Nanosensorsadvantages

and disadvantages, PCR & its applications.

QUALITY LABORATORY MANAGEMENT

1. Introduction to Quality control

2. Total quality management framework

3. Quality laboratory processes, Quality assurance, Quality assessment, Quality control,

Quality planning and Quality improvement

4. Costs of conformance and non conformance, appraisal costs, prevention costs

5. Internal quality control, basic steps, sources of error and their correction methods,

CAPA - corrective action & preventive action

6. Sources of variation in laboratory results

7. Quality control charts, Levy- Jennings and Cusum charts

8. External quality control

9. Quality control programme, intrinsic and extrinsic and random errors

10. Current trends in laboratory accreditation, ISO certificate, West guard Rules

11. Demonstration of various methods of quality control.

PRACTICAL

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

(By Semiautoanalyzer / Fully automated analyzer)

1. Estimation of Cholesterol

2. Estimation of HDL Cholesterol

3. Estimation of LDL Cholesterol

4. Estimation of Triglycerides

5. Estimation of LDH

6. Estimation of Glucose

7. Estimation of Bilirubin (Total, Direct, Total + Direct)

8. Estimation of SGPT

9. Estimation of SGOT

10. Estimation of Acid Phosphatase

11. Estimation of Alkaline Phosphatase

12. Estimation of Iron

13. Estimation of Creatinine

14. Estimation of Urea

15. Estimation of Uric acid

16. Estimation of CK-MB

17. Estimation of CK-NAC

18. Estimation of Chlorides

19. Estimation of Sodium

20. Estimation of Potassium

21. Estimation of Hexagon Troponin+

22. Estimation of Phosphorus

23. Estimation of TIBC

24. Estimation of Albumin

25. Estimation of Calcium

26. Estimation of Hemoglobin

27. Estimation of Magensium

28. Estimation of Blood Urea Nitrogen

ENDOCRINOLOGY, TUMOR AND CANCER MARKERS

(By ELISA Reader)

ENDOCRINOLOGY

1. Estimation of T3

2. Estimation of T4

3. Estimation of TSH

4. Estimation of FSH

5. Estimation of LH

6. Estimation of hCG

7. Estimation of Cortisol

8. Estimation of Progesterone

9. Estimation of Testosterone

TUMOR AND CANCER MARKERS

1. Estimation of Alpha feto proteins (AFP)

2. Estimation of Carcino embryonic antigen (CEA)

3. Estimation of CA -125

4. Estimation of Prostate specific antigen (PSA)

OTHER ELISA TESTS

1. Test for HIV

2. Test for Hepatitis B (HBsAg)

3. Test for Hepatitis (HCV)

4. Malaria antigen

5. Tuberculosis-lgG/Ig

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