studies of multi-functional (physicochemical) properties

American Journal of Chemistry and Materials Science 2017; 4(5): 36-48

http://www.openscienceonline.com/journal/ajcms

Studies of Multi-Functional (Physicochemical) Properties of Cotton Fabric by Applying Different Formulations of Finishing Agent

Muhammad Rizwan*, Sobia Naseem

Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Email address

[email protected] (M. Rizwan), [email protected] (S. Naseem) *Corresponding author

To cite this article Muhammad Rizwan, Sobia Naseem. Studies of Multi-Functional (Physicochemical) Properties of Cotton Fabric by Applying Different

Formulations of Finishing Agent. American Journal of Chemistry and Materials Science. Vol. 4, No. 5, 2017, pp. 36-48.

Received: September 30, 2017; Accepted: November 2, 2017; Published: January 8, 2018

Abstract

A multifunctional textile finish is synthesized to manage more than one characteristics of cotton fabric in single formulation.

Formulation of multifunctional finish constituted on 2g modified starch, 10ml of acrylic acid, 3% chitosan, 2.5% sodium

hypophosphite (catalyst), 4% citric acid (cross linking agent) and potassium persulfate (initiator). This multifunctional textile

finish is synthesized under pre-dry condition of 85°C for 60 sec and cured at 180°C for 90 sec while pH of solution was

adjusted at 4 for better results of cross linking on fabric and making strong bond with cellulosic content of cotton fabric.

Keywords

Multi-functional Finish, Modified Starch, Chitosan, Sodium Hypophosphite

1. Introduction

Textile industry has been getting most importance among

other industries for the starting of human existence because it

is the basic necessity of human. Textile industry firstly

started by Dervent River in comford, England 1771 [1].

Textile industry basically produces two products; a) yarn, b)

fabric. Yarn is structural unit of fabric made by the

combination of fiber while fabric is final product that obtains

after several steps of yarn processing.

Each product is developed after many chemical and

mechanical steps utilizing different facilities in different eras

of textile industrial history. Textile industry started producing

silk and cotton then it has developed different varieties of

fabric.

1.1. Classification of Fabric

1.1.1. Composition and Nature Based Fabric

Fabric is classified into two main categories depending

upon composition and nature.

1) Natural fabrics

Natural fabrics include in which fibres that obtain from

natural sources, like that living organisms. i.e. plants and

animals. Plant fibres basically constituted on the cellulose

that is second most abundant natural polymer. Cellulose is

found in all parts of plants (leave, stem and root) in various

ratios. Cellulose based fibre gives cotton fabric that is

abundantly used in textile industry for end use to make

apparels, clothes, curtains and bed sheets. Other examples of

plant origin are jute, hemp and flax.

Animal fibres include the fabric having major composition

of α-keratin (animal protein) found in horn, skin, hair, nails

and other tissues. Wool and silk are examples of animal

fibres [2].

2) Manmade fabrics

Man made fabrics are those in which human activities are

involved to manipulate some natural products in different

ways to facilitate his life. It is further of two types synthetic

fabric and regenerated fabric.

1) Synthetic fabric based on purely chemical processes like

polymerization of monomers by condensation or addition.

37 Muhammad Rizwan and Sobia Naseem: Studies of Multi-Functional (Physicochemical) Properties of Cotton Fabric by

Applying Different Formulations of Finishing Agent

These are artificially synthesized and differ from regenerated

fabrics. Synthetic fabrics are purely polymeric fabrics differ

in polymerization process. Addition polymerized fabric

includes polyolefins, that is categorized into polyethylene

(PE), polypropylene (PP), and acrylic fabric that is

polyacrylonitrile (PAN).

Condensation polymerized includes polyamides, that is

categorized into nylon 6 and nylon 6, 6, and polyesters

including polyethyleneterephthlate (PET) [2]

2) Regenerated fabric

Regenerated fabric based on chemically derivation, some

substitution or rearrangements. Viscose and rayon are the

best example of regenerated fabric. Some blends are also

formed by managing different composition of two or more

regenerated fabrics of natural fibers [2].

1.1.2. Textile Industry Production Based

Fabric

Textile industries production can classify on the basis of

chemical processing and arrangements/Weaving of yarn

1) Chemical Processing

On the basis of chemical processing fabric is divided into

two types, greige and finished fabric.

Greige Fabric has passed through all processes of fabric

formation before finishing of textile. Finished fabric is

chemically treated fabric to improve its appearance, quality

and performance. Difference between gray and finished

fabric is given below.

Table 1. Difference between gray and finished fabric.

Property Greige Fabric Finished Fabric

Appearance Dull looking Attractive and lustrous

Color Naturally off-white, brown and black and without ant print Available in all color shades and prints.

Properties Rough surface, Wrinkles, Stains of colors Smooth surface, Free from wrinkles, Without any stain

Cost effect Less expensive Cost varies according to the quality, nature and finishing process of fabric

Usage Used only for backing, packaging and rough work Used in clothing, curtains, bed sheets, etc

2) Arrangements of yarn

According to arrangements of yarn in fabric processing,

fabric is divided into Knitted and woven.

Knitted fabric is thicker, heavier, softer, have stretching

ability and air can pass through it. The important difference is

off weaving pattern because it is consisted on single fiber

weaving. Woven Fabric is thinner, lighter, have less ability of

stretching and air cannot pass through it and following

weaving of thread of horizontal and vertical arrangements.

1.2. Textile Finishing Agent

Each fabric requires some basic necessities to have durable

and extra qualities provided by finishing agent. A finishing

agent is a treatment of fabric to change its performance,

appearance and handling /touch” [3]. The fabric produced

after weaving must have some deficiencies of apparently

properties to which should be improved by using chemicals

to become efficient in specific properties [4].

Figure 1. Classification of fabric.

American Journal of Chemistry and Materials Science 2017; 4(5): 36-48 38

Finishing agents are applied to fabric at last stage after all

process for final enhancement of fabric. A variety of finishing

agents are developed to maintain different qualities of fabric

specified for various task. Finishing agents enhances the

performance and worth of fabric that makes clear difference

of quality of fabric before and after applying. They are

classified into different types regarding to their imparting

distinct quality to the fabric. Now textile industry needs to

develop a multifunctional finishing agent that replaces

different finishing agents with single finishing agent which

provide all functional properties of each category.

1.3. Classification of Textile Finishing

Textile finishing is classified on three criteria’s.

1.3.1. Function Finish

Function finish is divided into two main types. Aesthetic

finish and functional finish.

1) Aesthetic finish is also called basic or common finish

that provides good look, soft touch and good appearance.

This finish is applied to all type of fabrics in textile mills for

its enhancing and attractive appearance. For example

bleaching is to remove yellow shades and stains on fabric.

Calendaring is basically ironing with steam under controlled

temperature in textile industries. Sizing is used to give shine,

stiffness and weight to the fabrics.

2) Functional finish is applied to the fabric to exaggerate

the performance or responses of fabric to some specific task

or external force. Crease resistant finish makes the fabric free

from wrinkles that are folding or deformation formed by

pressing. Flame retardant finish makes the fabric able to

fireproof or inflammable. Water repellant finish enhances the

ability of fabric to repel water from its surface. Soil repellant

finish increases the ability of fabric to save from soil

particles. Antimicrobial finish is used to make the surface

inactive for microbial growth and action.

1.3.2. Performance Finish

On the basis of performance, textile finish is divided into

temporary, semi-durable, durable and permanent finish.

1) Temporary Finish has not too much strong fixation on

fabric and last on fabric for short time period so it is not

durable finish. This finish is applied to the fabric after each

washing of fabric. Application of starch and blue color of

fabric at home on each wash are best examples.

2) Semi-Durable finish has more tendencies to stay on

fabric for greater time than Temporary finish because of

strong fixation on fabric. This finish does not need to apply

after each laundering because it can pass some time period

(weeks, months) after application. Bleaching of fabric and

temporary dying are best examples.

3) Durable Finish has much stronger fixation ability on

fabric and stay on fabric for whole life of fabric but its effect

diminishes with the passage of time and many washes.

Wrinkle resistant finish is best example.

4) Permanent Finish makes chemical bond and changes the

structure of fabric and gets fixed on fabric for whole life.

There is no effect of laundering on this type of finishes.

Water repellent and soil repellent are its examples.

1.3.3. Processing Finish

Textile finishing can be carried out through some

mechanical steps proceeding in a sequence. This process is

known as finishing process. Finishing process can be

conducted through two processes; a) dry process or physical

process, b) wet process or chemical process [4].

1) Dry process or Physical Process

Physical process is the application of some finishes by

mechanical devices or including the some processes like

moist, heat or pressure applying by device. The methods

include beating, brushing and napping, shearing, softening,

optical finishing, and compacting of the textile structure. In

this process, temporary and semi-durable finishes are applied

on fabric.

2) Wet Process or Chemical Process

Chemical process includes the application of finish

chemically or making structural changes on fabric. This

process includes durable and permanent finishes.

1.4. Sizing Agent

Sizing is the process of finishing which provides stiffness

to the fabric and impart good touch to handling and give

weight strength also. Sizing agents form coating layer on the

surface of fabric by forming chemical bonds. Textile sizes

have temporary or semi-durable effects depending upon

application of sizing agents and their compositions. Starch is

being considered as temporary sizes while polyvinyl alcohol,

acrylic acids and polyvinylacetal are counted as permanent

textile sizes. There are many sizing agents can be used but all

have different durable effects. These sizing agents are starch,

starch derivatives (carboxymethylation or carboxyactylation),

PVA and Acrylic compounds.

1.5. Antimicrobial Agent

It has been proved that moisture content of fabric become

vulnerable for the attack of microbes because the germs of

microbes are present in air all around. It has more chances for

the growth of colonies of microbes on the surfaces of fabric

when get suitable requirements of growth that are moisture

and nutrients [6]. Antimicrobial agents are used to make

inactive the attack of microbes by causing changes to the cell

membranes of bacteria and other microbes. Antimicrobial

agents have very strong effect to proof the surfaces of fabric.

Antimicrobial agents are quaternary ammonium compounds,

chitosan, grafted polymers and cyclodextrin [4].

Chitosan is assumed to be the best antimicrobial agent that

has greater sources of availability. It is natural polymer

having high degradation ability. Chitosan is chemically

modified from chitin which is abundantly present in shells of

sea animals. Chitosan strongly inhibits the growth of

microbes by diffusing into their cell membranes [13].



Chitosan is polymer similar to the cellulose except the

presence of NH2- group instead of OH- group of 2nd

carbon

atom in ring structure. Chitosan has β (1-4) linkage of

repeating units throughout the length of polymer chain. It is

amorphous and highly basic polysaccharides and linear

polymer [11]. It is amorphous and hydrophobic in nature. It

is non-toxic and highly biodegradable and extremely

compatible bioactive compound. Chitosan has two main

active sites to react and form its derivatives and have strong

linkage with fabric. One active point is hydroxal group of

6th

carbon and second one is amino group of 2nd

carbon

atom.

1.6. Multifunctional Textile Finish

Commercially all textile finishes are being used separately

for specific property of fabric. A multifunctional finish has

more than one function is synthesized using many chemicals

to impart good quality to the fabric. For multifunctional

finish, different combination of properties is managed

likewise sizing and wrinkle resistant agent, sizing agent and

abrasion resistant, wrinkle resistant and abrasion resistant,

sizing and antimicrobial agent, etc. for this combinations

different compounds are used.

1.7. Cross Linking Agents for Fixation of

Finishing Agent on Fiber

It is critical issue of fixation of finishing agent on fabric

surface for strong linkage and imparting extraordinary

properties of fabric. Although many cross linking agents are

being used but polycarboxylic acids are more prominently

used. Polycarboxylic acids (PCA) for example maleic acid,

citric acid, butane 1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, itconic acids have

different ranking of cross linking on fabric. Citric acid (CA)

is extremely using as cross linking agent because it gives

very high degree of linkage and has advantages among other

PCAs that citric acid is easily available due t low coast and

least toxic effects. Greater concentration of citric acids yields

good linkage level on fabric.

On the other hand it has disadvantage that it causes

yellowness of fabric on high concentration of CA but

accompanied by using a suitable catalyst to maintain

whiteness index of cotton fabric. Three varieties of

catalyst sodium hypophosphite, monosodium phosphate

and disodium phosphate can be used but sodium

hypophosphite is proved to be best because it decolorize

the pigmentation of sulphur containing components in

finish. For high level aesthetic properties of fabric are

maintained by adjsting the suitable ratio of catalyst cross

linking agent [7].

2. Material and Methods

The process of carboxylation of starch needs A. R grade

rice starch having amylose content 29.1%, Sodium

monochloroacetate, sodium hydroxide 40% of 8N solution,

isopropanol supporting for liquid medium, acetone. All

chemicals are of A. R grade obtained from The Central

Chemicals located in Abkari Road Lahore. The synthesize

multifunctional finishing agent needs CMS (carboxymethyl

starch) purified obtained through experimental procedure

performed in Laboratory, acrylic acid, acrylamide, chitosan,

citric acid, sodium hypophosphite, potassium persulfate

(K2S2O8), toluene and hydroquinone. 100% pure cotton

greige fabric of Nishat textile mills is required for the

application of multifunctional finishing agent. There are two

steps of procedures to accomplish the synthesis of

multifunctional finish for textile industry.

a) Modification of starch

b) Formulation/ synthesis of textile finish

First of all a common rice starch is modified to extend its

simple and traditional characteristics so that modified starch

can enhance features of fabric. After modification of starch,

different recipes having different constituents are developed

to check the most suitable textile finish that act as

multifunctional finishing agent for enhancement of texture

and apparent properties of fabric. There are four recipes are

developed which are briefly described below.

Recipe 1: CMS (carboxymethyl starch)

Recipe 2: CMS + AA (acrylic acid)

Recipe 3: CMS+ AA + AM (acrylamide)

Recipe 4: CMS + AA + Ch (chitosan)

3. Procedure

3.1. Synthesis of Different Recipes of

Finishes

3.1.1. Formulation of Recipe I

In first recipe rice starch is modified to carboxymethyl

starch. 4g of rice starch was added into 10 ml of distilled

water maintaining 1: 2.5 ratios in 250 ml conical flask, mixed

with 10 ml of 40% NaOH solution and continuous stirring for

30 minutes at 60°C. This mixture is following the addition of

solution; 10g sodium mono-choloroacetate into 20 ml of

isoproponol, drop wise into reaction flask at same

temperature while stirring for 2 hrs [8]. 60% of ethyl alcohol

was added to stop the reaction. The product was purified by

soxhlet extraction techniques using 30: 70 ratios of water and

ethyl alcohol solution. Purified product was dried in oven at

40°C for 6 hrs. Resultant purified and dried product was

stored in air tight vessel. Chemistry of synthesis of

carboxymethyl starch and flowsheet diagram are shown in

figure 2 and 4.

3.1.2. Formulation of Recipe II

In recipe II, CMS was used instead of rice starch. 2g of

CMS was added into 10 ml of distilled water and an initiator

K2S2O8 was also added drop wise in continuous stirring of


solution at electromagnetic stirrer. Meanwhile 10 ml of 50%

acrylic acid (AA) was added slowly in reaction mixture along

with 2.5% of sodium hypophosphite and 4% citric acid

solutions. Reaction mixture was stirred for two hours

vigorously at 60˚C. Ethyl alcohol of 60% concentration was

added to stop the reaction. The product was purified by

soxhlet extraction technique using 30: 70 ratios of water and

ethyl alcohol solution. Purified product was dried in oven at

40°C for 6 hrs. Resultant purified and dried product was

stored in air tight vessel.

3.1.3. Formulation of Recipe III

Recipe III procedure was just followed to the recipe II but

10 ml of 50% acrylamide (AM) was added in addition to the

reactants and product obtained in the same fashioned.

3.1.4. Formulation of Recipe IV

Recipe IV is adjusted similar to the recipe III except

replacement of acrylamide with another reactant that is

chitoson 3% was added additionally and followed the same

procedure to obtain final purified product shown in figure 5

and figure 6.

Figure 2. Chemistry of synthesis of carboxymethyl starch.

3.2. Application of Finish

Qualities of a good finish depend upon chemical reaction

and application process on fabric. It’s very easy to apply and

get high fixation of finish on fabric by Pad and Cure method.

In this method firstly a dilute solution of textile finish is

prepared and dips the fabric into solution for 20 minutes and

processed for pad and cures technique and follows single dip

and single nip process. The fabric dipped in finishing

solution is now squeezed between two rolls of padder very

tightly and pre-dried for 85°C for 5 minutes and cured for

120°C for 90 seconds.



Figure 3. Process of application of finish.

Figure 4. Flow sheet of carboxymethyl production process.


Figure 5. Chemistry of synthesis of multifunctional finish (recipe IV), step I to III.



Figure 6. Chemistry of synthesis of multifunctional finish (recipe IV), step IV to V.

3.3. Linkage of Multifunctional Finish on

Fabric

After the synthesis of multifunctional finish on fabric, it is

another important point of attention of linkage of

multifunctional finish on fabric surface to make strong

fixation for long time retention after washes. In the structure

of multifunctional finish, OH group of 6th

carbon of

polysacharide rings is available for the linkage to the surface

of cellulosic content of cotton fabric. This polymer is linked

with OH groups of 2nd

and 6th

carbon of cellulose with the

release of water molecule [11].

4. Characterizations

FTIR studies of multifunctional finish explained the peaks

of all functional groups present in desired product which are

enlisted in table 2. A broad peak was observed at 3410-3450

of OH group stretching, 2930-3200 peak of ethylenic C-H

stretching, 1640-1680 peak of ethylenic C=C stretching,

1650 peak of C=O amide group, 1033 peak of C=O

stretching, 894 peak of polysaccharide ring having β-1-4

glycosidic linkage and 720-740 peak of C-C saturated carbon


Table 2. Functional group and their frequencies range.

Frequency Range (cm-1) Functional Group

3410-3450 OH group stretching

2930-3200 ethylenic C-H stretching

1640-1680 ethylenic C=C stretching

1650 C=O amide group stretching

1033 C-O stretching

894 polysaccharide ring having β-1-4 glycosidic linkage

720-740 C-C saturated carbons

Figure 7. FTIR analysis of multifunctional finish (recipe IV).

5. Results and Discussion

Multifunctional based finishing agent is applied on 100%

cotton fabric and its results can be studied by following

physical properties of fabric.

a) Tensile strength

b) Wrinkle recovery

c) Whitening index

d) Durable Rating

e) Antimicrobial

5.1. Tensile Strength

Tensile strength is the ability of a fabric to resist against

any physical stress or pressure i.e, stretching forces or

pulling. To measure tensile strength, two things should be

noted very carefully; a) force required for breaking a product

(fabric), b) level of extention of fabric before breaking.

Tensile strength can be calculated by dividing the load at

break by the product of length and width (area) [9]

Tensilestrength �loadatbreak

length � width

Figure 8. Relation of different recipes with tensile strength.



Table 3. Showing the relation of different recipes with tensile strength property.

Recipe Mixture Tensile Strength Loss of strength

Untreated fabric (Uf) Finished fabric (Ff) %��

��

Rec. 1 186 172 0.075

Rec. 2 186 161 0.134 Rec. 3 186 153 0.177

Rec. 4 186 144 0.22

Conditions: Reaction is conducted at 4% citric acid, 10ml of 50% v/v acrylic acid, 10ml of 50% v/v acrylamide, CMS 2g, 2.5% sodium hypophosphite, Pre-

dry at 85°C for 5 min, and cure at 180°C for 90 sec.

The %age of decreased tensile strength of finished fabric can be calculated by taking difference the value of untreated fabric

to the fabric with finishing agent applied, divided by untreated fabric value multiply with 100.

Figure 9. Chemistry of linkage of multifunctional finish on fabric.


Tensile strength can be checked in two ways, a) tearing

ability b) abrasion resistance of fabric. Results explain that

recipe 4 has greater loss of tensile strengthas compare to

other recipes. This is because of more strong linkage between

cellulose content of cotton and multifunctional finish that is

responsible for lack of movements of fibers on applying any

stress. Resultantly fiber strength will decrease to maintain

stability and may breaks on facing continuous stress.

5.2. Wrinkle Recovery Angle

Wrinkle recovery property of the fabric means the ability

of fabric to resist from shrinkage or ability to recover the

wrinkles that formed after folding deformation [10]. It is

mostly deformation of fabric due to pressure or force. This

property can be measured by checking the wrinkle recovery

angle that how much a fabric can recover wrinkles. High

quality fabric has high wrinkle recovery index value and this

property is added by finishing agent. It is cleared from table

and experimental results that CMS has little effect on WRA

whereas CMS +AA and CMS + AA + AM have less WRA as

compare to CMS + AA + Ch recipe.

Table 4. Showing relation of different recipes with wrinkle recovery angle.

Recipe Mixture

Wrinkle Recovery Angle % age increase

Untreated fabric Finished fabric %��

��

(Uf) (Ff)

Rec. 1 210̊ 221 ̊ 4.9

Rec. 2 210 ̊ 227 ̊ 7.5

Rec. 3 210 ̊ 234 ̊ 10.3

Rec. 4 210 ̊ 243 ̊ 13.6

Note: Reaction is conducted at 4% citric acid, 10ml of 50% v/v acrylic acid, 10ml of 50% v/v acrylamide, CMS 2g, 2.5% sodium hypophosphite, Pre-dry at

85°C for 5 min, and cure at 180°C for 90 sec.

Figure 10. Relation of different recipes with wrinkle recovery angle.

5.3. Whiteness Index (WI)

Whiteness index refers to the level of whiteness or to resist

the alteration of color on applying any finishing agent [11].

Table 5 explains a very strange behavior of different recipes.

Recipe 1 has greater whiteness index as compared to other

recipes because in other recipes polymer cross linker is used

to fix exceptional polymers based finishes on cotton fabric

that causes some yellowing of fabric because of presences of

polycarboxylic acid and coloration becomes prominent due

to the intensification of PCA (polycarboxylic acid). It is

shown in table that high values of whiteness index because

this experiment was conducted on higher condition of curing

temperature and time that results in accomplishment of

yellowing coloration caused by citric acid concentration.

Table 5. Experimental behavior of multifunctional finishes to the whiteness index at different curing conditions.

Recipe Whiteness index (WI) %age increase

Mixture Untreated fabric (Uf)

Finished fabric (Ff) %��

��

Curing temp at Curing temp at

120°C 180°C 120°C 180°C

Rec. 1 75 79 91 5.06 17.6

Rec. 2 75 81 94 7.05 20.2

Rec. 3 75 84 97 10.7 22.7

Rec. 4 75 87 99 12.7 24.2

Note: Reaction is conducted at 4% citric acid, 10ml of 50% v/v acrylic acid, 10ml of 50% v/v acrylamide, CMS 2g, 2.5% sodium hypophosphite, Pre-dry at

85°C for 5 min, and cure at 120°C for 60 sec and 180°C for 90 sec

5.4. Antimicrobial Activity of Fabric

Antimicrobial activities are specially offered by recipe 4.

Antimicrobial activity of multifunctional finished fabric is

analyzed by standard test method AATCC 147-1993 by

through parallel streak method [12]. Activity of antimicrobial

property can be checked by experiments and inhibition zone

of bacteria determined for gram +ve (S. aureus) and gram –

ve (E. coli) bacterias. Effect of finishing agent and inhibition

zone values are recorded after different washes of fabric and

tabulated for the correlation of effect of multifunctional

finish.



Figure 11. Experimental behavior of multifunctional finishes to the

whiteness index at 120˚C curing conditions.

Figure 12. Experimental behavior of multifunctional finishes to the

whiteness index at 120°C curing conditions.

Table 6: Showing relation of no. of washes with inhibition zone bacteria.

No. of washes Inhibition Zone (cm)

S. aureus E. coli

Finished fabric 4.1 4.5

2 3.8 4.2

4 3.6 4.0

6 3.4 3.8

8 3.2 3.6

10 3.0 3.4

Note: Reaction is conducted at 4% citric acid, 10ml of 50% v/v acrylic acid,

10ml of 50% v/v acrylamide, CMS 2g, 2.5% sodium hypophosphite, Pre-dry

at 85˚C for 5 min, and cure at 180°C for 90 se

Figure 13. Relation of no. of washes with inhibition zone on S. aureus Bacteria.

Figure 14. Relation of no. of washes with inhibition zone on E. coli

Bacteria.

6. Conclusion

A multifunctional textile finish was synthesized to manage

more than one characteristics of cotton fabric in single

formulation. Formulation of multifunctional finish

constituted on 2g modified starch, 10ml of acrylic acid, 3%

chitosan, 2.5% sodium hypophosphite (catalyst), 4% citric

acid (cross linking agent) and potassium persulfate (initiator).

This multifunctional textile finish was synthesized under pre-

dry condition of 85°C for 60 sec and cured at 180°C for 90

sec while solution was adjusted at pH. 4 for better results of

cross linking on fabric and making strong bond with

cellulosic content of cotton fabric. This multifunctional finish

improved the appearance of fabric and enhances its look,

used in production of variety in fabrics through dyeing and

printing, improve the feel or touch of fabric and make the

fabric more useful.

This value added based finishing agent improved

physical appearance of fabric and its physical properties

like whiteness index, wrinkle recovery angle, anti-static

properties against both gram +ve and gram –ve bacteria and

reducing the tensile strength of 100% pure cotton fabric.

Results explained that poly-carboxylic acids like citric acid

along with sodium hypophosphite (catalyst) shoed better

results to maintain whiteness of fabric and eliminate yellow

color due to presence of sulphur based dyes or component

of fabric yarn. The anti-static properties were best shown by

chitoson having 3% concentration of solution and made the

germ free surface of fabric by inactivating bacteria

colonies.

Standard textile tests of fabric related to physical

properties of cotton fabric and antimicrobial tests had

conducted to check the durability of textile finish. Analysis of

desired product was done by FTIR to reveal the peaks and

texture improvement of cotton fabric.

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