studi geologi, perhitungan cadangan hidrokarbon …
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STUDI GEOLOGI, PERHITUNGAN CADANGAN HIDROKARBON DAN
PEMODELAN RESERVOIR BERDASARKAN DATA SEISMIK 3D, LAPANGAN
KAPRASIDA, FORMASI KEUTAPANG, CEKUNGAN SUMATERA UTARA
SKRIPSI
Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan
Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik
Jurusan Teknik Geologi
Disusun Oleh:
FAISHAL MAHDY
HIF014031
KEMENTRIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI
UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI
PURWOKERTO
2019
GEOLOGY STUDY, HYDROCARBON RESERVES ESTIMATION AND
RESERVOIR MODELLING BASED ON 3D SEISMIC, KAPRASIDA FIELD,
KEUTAPANG FORMATION, NORTH SUMATRA BASIN
SKRIPSI
Submitted as requirement acquiring Bachelor Degree of Engineering
Department of Geological Engineering
Written by:
FAISHAL MAHDY
HIF014031
MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND HIGHER EDUCATION
JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
PURWOKERTO
2019
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BIODATA PENULIS
BIODATA
Nama : Faishal Mahdy
Tempat, tanggal lahir : Padang, 31 Juli 1995
Jenis kelamin : Laki - laki
Nama ayah : Effirba Aprilly
Nama ibu : Ira Chairawaty
E – mail : [email protected]
Alamat : Komplek filano jaya 1 blok A6 no.10 parak karakah
Padang Sumatera Barat
Riwayat Pendidikan
2001 – 2007 : Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Aro Talang
2007 – 2010 : Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 04 Padang
2010 – 2013 : Sekolah Menengah Umum Negeri 10 Padang
2014 – sekarang : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Pengalaman Organisasi
Ketua Peserta Kuliah Lapangan Karangsambung Teknik Geologi Jurusan
Teknik Geologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman 2017
Ketua Corps Asisten Teknik Geologi Jurusan Teknik Geologi Universitas
Jenderal Soedirman 2017
Presiden SM-IAGI UNSOED tahun Kepengurusan 2017/2018
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KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah, puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah
memberikan segala nikmat dan karunianya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan
skripsi Tugas Akhir dengan judul “Studi Geologi, Perhitungan Cadangan
Hidrokarbon Dan Pemodelan Reservoir Berdasarkan Data Seismik 3D,
Lapangan Kaprasida, Formasi Keutapang, Cekungan Sumatera Utara”.
Tugas Akhir merupakan salah satu syarat bagi mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Geologi,
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman untuk menyelesaikan studi strata
1 (S1).
Penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada :
Allah swt yang selalu melimpahkan rahmat, berkah, dan karunianya serta
telah memberikan kemudahan dan jalan dari setiap kesulitan yang ada..
Kedua orang tua serta keluarga tercinta yang selalu mendoakan dan
memberikan dorongan moril dan materi.
Bapak Sachrul Iswahyudi S.T., M.T., dan Bapak Aris Endartyanto, S.T.,
M.T. selaku pembimbing Tugas Akhir yang selalu dengan sabar
memberikan bimbingan dan saran dalam penyelesaian laporan tugas akhir
ini.
Bapak Dr. Rachmat Setiadji, S.Si., M.Si., selaku dosen Pembimbing
Akademik yang selalu memberikan saran dalam akademik, dan seluruh
jajaran dosen yang telah memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat.
Semoga Tugas Akhir ini dapat berguna bagi yang memerlukan dan dapat
dijadikan referensi bagi kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan ilmu geologi lainnya.
Purbalingga, Februari 2019
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................... I
BIODATA PENULIS ............................................................................................. II
HALAMAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ..............................................................III
SARI ...................................................................................................................... IV
KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... VI
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ VII
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. X
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... XIII
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... XIV
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1
1.1. Latar Belakang ..............................................................................................1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .........................................................................................2
1.3. Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................2
1.4. Batasan Masalah............................................................................................2
1.5. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................3
1.6. Lokasi Penelitian ...........................................................................................3
1.7. Peneliti Terdahulu .........................................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..............................................................................6
2.1 Geologi Regional ...........................................................................................6
2.1.1 Fisiografi Cekungan Sumatera Utara ......................................................6
2.1.2 Tektonostratigrafi Cekungan Sumatera Utara .........................................7
2.1.3 Stratigrafi Cekungan Sumatera Utara ...................................................12
2.1.4 Sistem Petroleum ..................................................................................16
2.2 Dasar Teori ...................................................................................................20
2.2.1 Lingkungan Pengendapan .....................................................................20
2.2.2 Fasies .....................................................................................................22
2.2.3 Elektrofasies ..........................................................................................23
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2.2.4 Sekuen Stratigrafi ..................................................................................24
2.2.5 Stacking Pattern ....................................................................................27
2.2.6 System Tract..........................................................................................28
2.2.7 Data Log ................................................................................................31
2.2.8 Data Seismic 3-D ..................................................................................36
2.2.9 Data Batuan Inti (Core) .........................................................................36
2.2.10 Data Serbuk Bor (Cutting) ..................................................................37
2.2.11 Variogram ...........................................................................................38
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.........................................................................40
3.1 Studi Pustaka ................................................................................................40
3.2 Analisis Wireline Log ..................................................................................40
3.3. Analisis Core dan Cutting ...........................................................................41
3.4 Analisis Biostratigrafi ..................................................................................42
3.5 Analisis Lingkungan Pengendapan ..............................................................42
3.6 Korelasi Sikuen Stratigrafi antar Sumur ......................................................42
3.7 Analisis Data Seismik ..................................................................................43
3.8 Perhitungan Cadangan .................................................................................44
3.9 Diagram Alir Penelitian ...............................................................................47
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..............................................................48
4.1 Geologi Daerah Penelitian ...........................................................................48
4.1.1 Geomorfologi Lapangan Kaprasida ......................................................48
4.1.2 Struktur Geologi Lapangan Kaprasida ..................................................48
4.1.3 Stratigrafi Lapangan Kaprasida.............................................................50
4.2 Analisis Wireline Log ..................................................................................51
4.3 Analisis Core ................................................................................................52
4.4 Analisis Biostratigrafi ..................................................................................59
4.5 Analisis Lingkungan Pengendapan ..............................................................59
4.6 Korelasi Sikuen Stratigrafi antar Sumur ......................................................60
4.7 Analisis Data Seismik ..................................................................................63
4.8 Perhitungan Cadangan .................................................................................72
BAB V KESIMPULAN ........................................................................................93
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................94
LAMPIRAN ...........................................................................................................97
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar I. 1. Lokasi Lapangan Kaprasida, Cekungan Sumatera Utara (Pubelier
and Morley, Pertamina EP, 2013,). .......................................................4
Gambar II. 1. Peta Dan Penampang Cekungan Sumatera Utara (Darman dan Sidi,
2000)......................................................................................................6
Gambar II. 2. Sub-cekungan Sumatra Utara yang mengikuti sistem Cekungan
Paleogene Sumatra (Darman dan Sidi, 2000). ......................................7
Gambar II. 3. Perkembangan terminologi stratigrafi pada Cekungan Sumatra
Utara (Barber, Crow, dan Milsom, 2005) .............................................8
Gambar II. 4. Tektonostratigrafi Cekungan Sumatra Utara (Darman dan Sidi, 2000
modifikasi Barber, Crow, dan Milsom, 2005) ......................................9
Gambar II. 5. Struktur horst-graben produk konvergensi Benua India dengan
Lempeng Euarasia (Satyana, 2008) .....................................................10
Gambar II. 6. Stratigrafi regional pada Cekungan Sumatra Utara (modifikasi dari
Sosromihardjo, 1988). .........................................................................15
Gambar II. 7. Sistem Petroluem Cekungan Sumatera Utara (Pubelier and Morley,
Pertamina EP, 2013). ...........................................................................19
Gambar II. 8. Bagian-Bagian Delta (Coleman dan Prior, 1982) ............................22
Gambar II. 9. Elektrofasies (Rider, 1996) ..............................................................24
Gambar II. 10. Model Sequence Stratigraphy (Exxon dalam Embry, 2000) .........24
Gambar II. 11. Siklus muka air laut dalam penentuan sekuen stratigrafi
(Cateneanu, 2006) ...............................................................................25
Gambar II. 12. Tingkatan Sekuen Stratigrafi (Wagoner, 1990) .............................27
Gambar II. 13. Stacking Pattern (Wagoner,1990)..................................................28
Gambar II. 14. Interval batas endapan (Embry, 2009) ...........................................31
Gambar II. 15. Logging pada sumur pemboran (Dewan, 1983) ............................32
Gambar II. 16. Respon Log Gamma Ray Terhadap Beberapa Litologi (Rider,
1996)....................................................................................................35
Gambar II. 17. Bagian-bagian dari variogram (Armstrong, 1989) ........................39
Gambar IV. 1. Geomorfologi daerah penelitian.....................................................48
Gambar IV. 2. Peta Regional Lembar Langsa (Cameron, dkk., 1981, Dengan
Modifikasi) ..........................................................................................49
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Gambar IV. 3. Struktur Lapangan Kaprasida ........................................................49
Gambar IV. 4. Stratigrafi Lapangan Kaprasida .....................................................50
Gambar IV. 5. Interval reservoir Lapangan Kaprasida ..........................................51
Gambar IV. 6. Deskripsi core sumur FM002 .........................................................52
Gambar IV. 7. Deskripsi core sumur FM003 .........................................................53
Gambar IV. 8. Deskripsi core sumur FM004 .........................................................54
Gambar IV. 9. Deskripsi core sumur FM005 .........................................................55
Gambar IV. 10. Deskripsi core sumur FM006 .......................................................57
Gambar IV. 11. Deskripsi core sumur FM007 .......................................................58
Gambar IV. 12. Delta plain electrofacies (Coleman,1981, dengan modifikasi) ....60
Gambar IV. 13. Korelasi sikuen stratigrafi Lapangan Kaprasida ..........................62
Gambar IV. 14. Interpretasi seismik xline 630. .....................................................65
Gambar IV. 15. Time surface top Z-600 ................................................................66
Gambar IV. 16. Time surface bottom Z-600..........................................................67
Gambar IV. 17. Grafik relasi kedalaman dan waktu ..............................................68
Gambar IV. 18. Depth surface top Z-600 ..............................................................69
Gambar IV. 19. Depth surface bottom Z-600 ........................................................70
Gambar IV. 20. Gross sand map ............................................................................71
Gambar IV. 21. Model struktur Lapangan Kaprasida ............................................73
Gambar IV. 22. Gridding Lapangan Kaprasida .....................................................74
Gambar IV. 23. Layering Lapangan Kaprasida .....................................................75
Gambar IV. 24. Histogram data fasies, vshale, porositas ......................................77
Gambar IV. 25. Model fasies Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida ....................................78
Gambar IV. 26. Model vshale Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida ...................................79
Gambar IV. 27. Model porositas Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida ...............................80
Gambar IV. 28. Rock type Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida.........................................81
Gambar IV. 29. Cross plot rock type Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida.........................83
Gambar IV. 30. Model permeabilitas Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida ........................84
Gambar IV. 31. Model net to gross Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida ...........................85
Gambar IV. 32. Korelasi SW dengan depth pada Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida ....86
Gambar IV. 33. Model kontak fluida Highest known water ..................................88
Gambar IV. 34. Model kontak fluida lowest known oil ........................................89
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Gambar IV. 35. Model kontak fluida lowest tested oil ..........................................90
Gambar IV. 36. Model stock tank oil initial in place reservoir Z-600 ...................92
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel III. 1. Kelengkapan Data Wireline Log........................................................41
Tabel IV. 1. Biostratigrafi Lapangan Kaprasida ....................................................59
Tabel IV. 2. Batas bidang sekuen zona Z-600 .......................................................61
Tabel IV. 3. Data Checkshot (Sebagian) ................................................................64
Tabel IV. 4. Faktor formasi Lapangan Kaprasida ..................................................91
Tabel IV. 5. STOIIP reservoir Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida ...................................91
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Tabel data cross plot rock type Z-600 Lapangan Kaprasida .............97
Lampiran 2. Tabel data Korelasi SW dengan depth pada Z-600 Lapangan
Kaprasida .............................................................................................98