students: -pick up handout - honor code -costa rica parent meeting – next thursday (9/11) -need...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Students:-Pick up handout
- Honor Code
-Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11)-Need bottom returned
-Video – CC Student info orientation
-Cell phones in bin
![Page 2: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1. What is a population?- Individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area
2. What is the difference between density & dispersion?- Density – number of individuals per unit area or volume- Dispersion – pattern of spacing within the boundaries of population
![Page 3: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Figure 52.2 Population dynamics
Births and immigration add individuals to a population.
Births Immigration
PopuIationsize
Emigration
Deaths
Deaths and emigration remove individuals from a population.
Factors that influence density…..
Increase
Decrease
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Fig. 52.3 Patterns of dispersion within a population’s geographic range
(b) Uniform. Birds nesting on small islands, suchas these king penguins on South Georgia Islandin the South Atlantic Ocean, often exhibit uniformspacing, maintained by aggressive interactionsbetween neighbors.
(a) Clumped. For many animals, such as thesewolves, living in groups increases theeffectiveness of hunting, spreads the workof protecting and caring for young, and helpsexclude other individuals from their territory.
(c) Random. Dandelions grow from windblown seeds that land at random and later germinate.
![Page 5: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1. What is a population?- Individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area
2. What is the difference between density & dispersion?- Density – number of individuals per unit area or volume- Dispersion – pattern of spacing within the boundaries of population
3. What factors influence population size?- Birth rate – fecundity - Death rate- Generation time- Sex ratio
4. What do the survivorship curves mean?
![Page 6: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Figure 52.5 Idealized survivorship curves: Types I, II, and III
I
II
III
50 10001
10
100
1,000
Percentage of maximum life span
Num
ber
of s
urvi
vors
(lo
g sc
ale)
Type I – most born survive & live to their maximum life span – us – k-selectedType II – constant death rate – each day has an equal opportunity for life or deathType III – high early death rate but survivors live to maximum life span – r-selected
![Page 7: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1. What is a population?2. What is the difference between density & dispersion?3. What factors influence population size?4. What do the survivorship curves mean?5. What are the 2 main populations growth curves?
- Exponential – “J”-curve
![Page 8: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Figure 52.9 Population growth predicted by the exponential model
0 5 10 150
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Number of generations
Pop
ulat
ion
size
(N
)
dNdt
1.0N
dNdt
0.5N
dN = Δ population sizedt = Δ timermax = Births – deaths (intrinsic rate of increase)N = population size
-Species whose population size is primarily determined by birth rate = r-selected species-“Boom & bust” cycles
![Page 9: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1. What is a population?2. What is the difference between density & dispersion?3. What factors influence population size?4. What do the survivorship curves mean?5. What are the 2 main populations growth curves?
- Exponential - Logistic
![Page 10: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Figure 52.12 Population growth predicted by the logistic model
dNdt
1.0N Exponential growth
Logistic growth
dNdt
1.0N1,500 N
1,500
K 1,500
0 5 10 150
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Number of generations
Pop
ulat
ion
size
(N
)
K = carrying capacity
Species whose population size is primarily determined by carrying capacity= k-selected species
![Page 11: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1. What is a population?2. What is the difference between density & dispersion?3. What factors influence population size?4. What do the survivorship curves mean?5. What are the 2 main populations growth curves?6. What is the difference between r-selected & k-selected species?
r-selected (generalists) k-selected (equilibrial)Maturation time: short longLifespan: short longDeath rate high lowOffspring/episode: many fewSize of offspring/eggs: small largeParental care: none extensiveTiming of 1st reproduction: early late in lifeReproductions/lifetime: usually 1 severalExamples: insects, fish, frogs mammals, birds
7. What factors limit a population?
![Page 12: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1. What is a population?2. What is the difference between density & dispersion?3. What factors influence population size?4. What do the survivorship curves mean?5. What are the 2 main populations growth curves?6. What is the difference between r-selected & k-selected species?7. What factors limit a population?
- Density – dependent factors – intensify as population size increases- Resource limitation- Health- Predation- Waste accumulation
- Density – independent factors – effect population regardless of density- Weather- Climate - Environmental disasters
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Figure 52.21 Population cycles in the snowshoe hare and lynx
Year1850 1875 1900 1925
0
40
80
120
160
0
3
6
9
Lynx
pop
ulat
ion
size
(t
hous
ands
)
Har
e po
pula
tion
size
(t
hous
ands
)
Lynx
Snowshoe hare
![Page 14: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Chapter 52: Population Ecology
1. What is a population?2. What is the difference between density & dispersion?3. What factors influence population size?4. What do the survivorship curves mean?5. What are the 2 main populations growth curves?6. What is the difference between r-selected & k-selected species?7. What factors limit a population?8. How has the human population changed & how is it shown?
![Page 15: Students: -Pick up handout - Honor Code -Costa Rica parent meeting – next Thursday (9/11) -Need bottom returned -Video – CC Student info orientation -Cell](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56649f265503460f94c3d3b7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Figure 52.22 Human population growth (data as of 2003)
8000 B.C.
4000 B.C.
3000 B.C.
2000 B.C.
1000 B.C.
1000 A.D.
0
The Plague
Hum
an p
opul
atio
n (b
illio
ns)
2000 A.D.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
- video
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Figure 52.25 Age-structure pyramids for the human population of three countries (data as of 2003)
Rapid growth Afghanistan
Slow growth United States
Decrease Italy
Male Female Male Female Male FemaleAge Age
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8Percent of population Percent of population Percent of population
80–8485
75–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–34
20–2425–29
10–145–90–4
15–19
80–8485
75–7970–7465–6960–6455–5950–5445–4940–4435–3930–34
20–2425–29
10–145–90–4
15–19
Babies
Groupmaking babies
GroupNOT making babies
Wide base = rapid growth Same width = slow growth Narrow base = decreasing