Student Name:__________________Teachers Name:_________________

In class assessment dates: Thursday, 29th March 2012 Friday, 30th March 2012 Monday, 2nd April 2012 Tuesday, 3rd April 2012

Task 4: Inquiry Total Marks 40 (Weighting 30%)

1. Read through Document Study Source Booklet – answer all questions.

2. Analyse Sources - highlight/underline key information you have read.

3. Brainstorm on the fishbone mind map important facts

4. Answer the six Focus Questions using information from your answers. You will use these response to help you write your extended written piece.

5. Write an extended written piece answering the following question:

Outline the pros and cons of President Truman’s decision to drop the Atomic bombs on Japan during WW2.

Time for the task

Research, answering questions and planning: Three periods of class time, and your own time.

In class written piece: 50 mins during class (introduction - one paragraph, body – 2-3 paragraphs, conclusion – one paragraph)

What you need to do

Research: 1. Take notes on the sources provided in the Document Source Booklet. 2. Answer questions the sources provided in the Document Source Booklet. 3. Brainstorm using the fishbone mind map and record important events and information. 4. Answer at least 6 of the focus questions to guide your research. 5. Use the retrieval / note-taking charts to plan the pros and cons, plan your extended written

piece.

Communication: Use historical words (terminology) in your extended written piece. Use the correct format for your written piece (intro – identify pros/cons, body paragraphs – talk more in depth about pros/cons – refer to sources, conclusion – conclude your argument).

Questions to Consider: When was the first atomic bomb dropped? Why did the explosion come as almost a complete surprise to the residents of Hiroshima? Describe the effects of the dropping of the bomb on Hiroshima. Compare the scale of destruction in Hiroshima with that in Nagasaki. Explain the importance of the lack of scientific knowledge about the long-term effects of

radiation. What lessons were learned from these atomic attacks? Was the United States justified in its use of these two atomic bombs?

Year 10 Society and Environment: History

Assessment Task 4: Inquiry

Student Name: _______________________ Teachers Name: _________________

Year 10 Society and Environment: History Assessment Task 4: Inquiry

What do you need to hand in? Due dates

Document study source booklet and questions 29 March 2012

Mind map and focus questions 30 March 2012

Research / Document Source notes 2 April 2012

In class Extended Written Piece 3 April 2012

MARKING KEY Task 4: Inquiry

Research Mark Criteria/indicators

Questions in Document Study Source Booklet

/19 Answer all questions, giving a 1-2 sentence

response (32 questions)

Mind map /1 Main points are identified

Points are categorised into the relevant themes

Focus questions /3

Answer the six focus questions which guide the research

Questions show an identification of the key areas of the topic

Note-making

/2

Note-making format:

notes are relevant to key areas of the topic

notes answer the questions asked

notes represent a variety of views

Extended Written Piece

/15 See Marking guide on the next page

Total

/40

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WWII: The Atomic Bombing of Japan,1945

Introduction

Few actions of the United States government remain as controversial as the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan to end World War II in the Pacific. On August 6, 1945, a single atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later a second bomb was detonated at Nagasaki. No one at the time knew exactly what this new form of weaponry would accomplish, which was reason enough for several prominent American scientists to oppose its use. Within days it was obvious to the world that the United States possessed the most awesome and destructive technology imaginable.

What did America drop on Japan to end World War II in the Pacific?

What event occurred on the 6th August 1945 and where did this event occur?

Where was a second bomb detonated, 3 days later?

In 1944 the United States Strategic Bombing Survey, had been organized to study the effect of the air war on the military, economic, and political structures of Germany and Japan. Their report on Hiroshima and Nagasaki enormously influenced both government policy and popular perceptions of atomic bombs.

1944 the United States (America) undertook a Straegic Bombing survey which reported on two cities, name them.

Year 10 Society and Environment: History

Assessment Task 4

Document Study Source Booklet (Answers = 19 marks)

4

Which countries did the board of experts assess when they undertook the United States Strategic Bombing Survey?

What percentage of the survey group were civilians (non military)?

Describe whether the reports’ conclusions were positive or negative towards what America and the allies did in bombing. How did they describe this victory?

Source 1: The United States Strategic Bombing Survey

The United States Strategic Bombing Survey

was a board of experts whose objective was to

assess the effects of strategic bombing of Nazi

Germany and Imperial Japan, including a

separate section on the atomic bombing. The

reports' conclusions were generally in favour of

the Allied strategic bombing towards victory,

calling it "decisive". There were 1000 Survey

members who were mostly military, except for

one third of the group who were civilians. The

Board was established by the US Secretary of

War Henry L. Stimson, but it was not associated

with any branch of the military.

How many survey members were involved?

Look at the two photographs to the left,

how did the bombing in Horoshima

affect the lives of everyday Japanese

people, including children?

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Source 2: Atomic Bombing of Japan – Overview

Casualties

The most striking result of the atomic bombs was the great number of casualties. The

exact number of dead and injured will never be known because of the confusion after

the explosions. Persons unaccounted for might have been burned beyond recognition

in the falling buildings, disposed of in one of the mass cremations of the first week of

recovery, or driven out of the city to die or recover without any record remaining.

How great were the number of casualties?

What was the exact number of dead and injured people?

Why were so many people unaccounted for?

The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000,

with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than

that injured. Most of the immediate casualties did not differ from those caused by

incendiary or high-explosive raids. The outstanding difference was the presence of

radiation effects, which became unmistakable about a week after the bombing. The

seriousness of these radiation effects may be measured by the fact that 95 percent of

the traced survivors of the immediate explosion who were within 3,000 feet suffered

from radiation disease.

What did the survey estimate in the amount of people who died at Hiroshima?

What were the estimated number of people who died at Nagasaki?

6

A plausible estimate of the importance of the various causes of death would range as

follows:

Flash burns: 20 to 30 percent.

Other injuries: 50 to 60 percent.

Radiation sickness: 15 to 20 percent.

What was the percentage of flash burns from the bombing?

What was the percentage of other injuries people suffered from?

What was the percentage of people who suffered from radiation sickness?

The flash of the explosion emitted radiant heat travelling at the speed of light. Flash

burns thus followed the explosion instantaneously. Survivors in the two cities stated

that people who were in the open directly under the explosion of the bomb were so

severely burned that the skin was charred dark brown or black and they died within a

few minutes or hours.

What speed did the heat from the bomb travel at?

How severely burned were the survivors in the cities who were in direct contact of the explosion?

How quickly did they die?

The brief duration of the flash wave and the shielding effects of almost any object

meant that there were many interesting cases of where people were protected. The

radiant heat came in a direct line like light, so that the area burned corresponded to this

directed exposure. People in buildings or houses were apparently burned only if

directly exposed through the windows. The most striking instance was that of a man

writing before a window. His hands were seriously burned but his exposed face and

neck suffered only slight burns due to the angle of entry of the radiant heat through the

window.

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Which people were more protected from the radiating heat?

People who were in houses during the blast were affected differently according to where they were standing, explain this.

Unfortunately, no exact definition of the killing power of radiation can yet be given,

nor a satisfactory account of the sort and thickness of concrete or earth that will shield

people. However, the lethal effects of the atomic bomb and the gamma rays speak for

themselves.

What was the exact definition of the bombs’ radioactive killing power?

How much of the earth’s layer or what thickness of concrete would shield people from the bombs’ rays?

James Byrne, the US Secretary of State said in 1945, that any weapon used to end the war would be justified. What was he hoping it would force Japan to do, and on whose terms?

8

Which countries were the Americans trying to intimidate, what type of impact were they trying to make on these countries?

How much did the military equipment cost?

Who failed to mentioned the long-term dangers of radiation?

9

In Truman’s letter to Kupcinet (Kup), how many lives of young Amercian soldiers did he want to save?

What does he say the Americans were doing with the Japanese at the time when the bombing of Pearl Harbor took place?

What was Truman’s justification of dropping the bombs on Japan? How many lives did he estimate he would save?

10

This photo shows the effects of radiation, hair loss on a Japanese civilian – do you think Truman was justified in dropping the bombs when innocent people suffered?

11

Fishbone Mind Map (1 mark)

Begin by brainstorming and recording important events/information about the topic using the Fishbone to mind map.

12

Answer the six Focus Questions using information from your answers. You will use these responses to help you write your extended written piece. (3 marks)

Focus Questions

When was the first atomic bomb dropped? Explain the importance of the lack of scientific knowledge about the long-term effects of radiation.

Why did the explosion come as almost a complete surprise to the residents of Hiroshima?

What lessons were learned from these atomic attacks?

Describe the effects of the dropping of the bomb on Hiroshima.

Was the United States justified in its use of these two atomic bombs?

13

The lined paper below is provided for you to plan your extended written response

(2 marks)

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

Year 10 Society and Environment: History Year 10 Society and Environment: History

Assessment Task 4: Inquiry

14

Extended Written Piece (15 marks)

Year 10 Society and Environment: History

Assessment Task 4: Inquiry

15

Extended Written Piece (15 marks)

Year 10 Society and Environment: History

Assessment Task 4: Inquiry