sts-123 press kit
TRANSCRIPT
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ii CONTENTS MARCH 2008
S P ACE S HU T T LE CO NT I NU O U S I M P R OV E M E NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3E N D E A V O U R S U M B I LI C A L W E LL D I G I TA L C A M E R A N O W H A S F LA S H C A P A B I LI TY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3
S HU T T L E R E FE R E NCE DAT A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7L AU NCH AND L ANDI NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
LA U N C H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 A B O R T- TO - O R B I T (A TO ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1TR A N S A TLA N TI C A B O R T LA N D I N G (TA L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 R E TU R N - TO - LA U N C H - S I TE (R TLS ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 A B O R T O N C E A R O U N D (A O A ). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1LA N D I N G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1
ACR O NYM S AND ABBR E VI AT I O NS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93M E DI A AS S I S TANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 5P U BL I C AFFAI R S CO NT ACT S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 7
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MARCH 2008 MISSION OVERVIEW 1
STS-123 MISSION OVERVIEW
ThisgraphicillustratesEndeavourdockedtotheInternationalSpaceStationastheshuttleroboticarmgrapplesacomponentoftheKibolaboratory.
The first pressurized component of the
Japanese Kibo laboratory, a Canadian robotic
device called Dextre and five spacewalks are
majorelementsofSTS123. Endeavours16dayflight is the longest shuttle mission to the
InternationalSpaceStation(ISS).
TheKibo laboratorywilleventuallybeberthed
to the left side of the stations Harmony
node. The Japanese Experiment Logistics
ModulePressurized Section(ELMPS), the
smaller of two pressurized modules of Kibo,
willbeattached temporarily to a docking port
onthespacefacingsideofHarmony.
Kibo is the majorJapanese contribution to the
station,andwillincreaseitsresearchcapability
in a variety of disciplines. The name, which
means hope, was chosen by the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in a
nationalcontest.
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2 MISSION OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
STS123crewmembersareattiredintrainingversionsoftheirshuttlelaunchandentrysuits.
Fromthe
left
are
astronauts
Rick
Linnehan,
Robert
L.
Behnken,
both
mission
specialists;
GregoryH.Johnson,pilot;GarrettReisman,missionspecialist;DominicGorie,
commander;MikeForemanandJAXAsTakaoDoi,bothmissionspecialists.
Dextre,theCanadiandevice,willworkwiththe
stationsroboticarm,Canadarm2. Designedfor
station maintenance and service, Dextre is
capable of sensing forces and movement of
objects it ismanipulating. Itcanautomatically
compensateforthoseforcesandmovementsto
ensureanobjectismovedsmoothly.
Dextre is the final element of the Mobile
ServicingSystem,partofCanadascontribution
to the station. The name was chosen by
Canadianstudentsinanationalcontest. Dextre
hadbeencalled theSpecialPurposeDexterous
Manipulator.
Onceassembled,Dextrewill looka little likea
human upper torso stick figure. Itwill have
two arms, and be capable of performing
delicatetasksandusingtools. Itsfourcameras
willgivecrewmembersinsidethestationviews
of its activities. Dextrewillbe able towork
from the end of Canadarm2, or from theorbitinglaboratorysmobilebasesystem.
TheSTS123mission,alsocalledassemblyflight
1J/A, includes representationofall five station
partner interests the U.S., Japan, Canada,
RussiaandtheEuropeanSpaceAgency.
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MARCH 2008 MISSION OVERVIEW 3
The flight includes five scheduled spacewalks.
Three of them will include tasks devoted to
assembly ofDextre and installation of related
equipment.
Other spacewalk activities include work to
unberth Kibos ELMPS, installation of spare
parts and tools, installation of a materials
experiment, replacement of a circuitbreaker
box and demonstration of a repair procedure
for tiles of the shuttles heat shield.
Spacewalkers alsowill stow theOrbiterBoom
Sensor System (OBSS), the extension of the
shuttles robotic arm, onto the stationsmain
trussduringthefifthspacewalk.
Theboom sensor system isbeing left on the
stationbecause the size of the largeJapanese
pressurizedmoduletobe launchedonSTS124
wontallowittobecarriedinDiscoveryscargo
bay. TheOBSSwillbereturnedtoEarthatthe
endofthatmission.
ThisgraphicdepictsthelocationoftheSTS123payloadhardware.
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4 MISSION OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
AstronautDominicGorie,STS123commander,donsatrainingversionofhisshuttlelaunchand
entrysuitinpreparationforapostinsertion/deorbittrainingsessionatJohnsonSpaceCenter(JSC).
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MARCH 2008 MISSION OVERVIEW 5
DominicGorie(GORee),50,aveteranofthree
space flights and a retiredNavy captain,will
commandEndeavour. Thespacecraftspilot is
GregoryH.Johnson, 45, anAir Force colonel.STS123 mission specialists are Robert L.
Behnken (BANKen), 37, an Air Force major;
Navy Capt. Mike Foreman, 50; Japanese
astronaut Takao (tahcowe) Doi (DOY), 53;
Rick Linnehan (LINehhan), 50, a veteran of
three shuttle flights; and Garrett Reisman(REESman),39.
AstronautsRobertL.Behnken(left)andJapanAerospaceExplorationAgencys
TakaoDoi,bothSTS123missionspecialists,participateinatrainingsession
intheSpaceVehicleMockupFacilityattheJSC.
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6 MISSION OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
Reisman will remain aboard the station with
CommanderPeggyWhitson and fellow Flight
EngineerYuriMalenchenko(malENchenko).
He will replace Leopold Eyharts (arts), aFrenchAir Force general andEuropean Space
Agencyastronautwhowill return toEarthon
Endeavour. Eyhartswas launched to the sta
tionaboardAtlantisonSTS122.
The day after Endeavours launch from
Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Gorie,
Johnson andDoiwilluse the shuttles robotic
arm and its OBSS for the standard survey
of Endeavours heatresistant reinforced
carboncarbon andheat shield tiles. Behnken,
Linnehan and Reisman will check out the
spacesuitsonEndeavour.
Flightday3 isdockingday. OnceEndeavour
reachesapointabout600feetbelowthestation,
Goriewill fly it in aback flip, so station crew
members canphotograph itsheat shield. The
digital imageswillbe sent to the ground for
analysis. Gorie thenwill fly Endeavour to a
pointaheadofthestationandmaneuverittoa
docking with Pressurized Mating Adapter
No.2,attheforwardendoftheHarmonynode.
Thisgraphicdepictstherendezvouspitchmaneuverwhilecrewaboardthe
ISSphotographtheorbiterforanalysisbyspecialistsontheground.
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MARCH 2008 MISSION OVERVIEW 7
AstronautsGregoryH.Johnson(background),STS123pilot,andGarrettReisman,
Expedition16
flight
engineer,
use
the
virtual
reality
lab
at
JSC
to
train
for
some
oftheirdutiesaboardthespaceshuttleandspacestation.
Reisman willbecome a station crew member
withtheexchangeofhiscustomSoyuzseatliner
withthatofEyharts,whojoinstheshuttlecrew
forhisflighthome. JohnsonandBehnkenwill
use the stations Canadarm2 to remove the
pallet containingDextre from thepayloadbay
andattach it toa fixtureon the stationsmain
truss.
A
review
of
procedures
for
the
firstspacewalkwillwindup theEndeavourcrews
workingday.
Flightday4 focuseson the firstspacewalk,by
LinnehanandReisman. Foremanwillserveas
intravehicular officer, while Behnken and
Eyharts will operate the stations Canadarm2.
Tasks include preparation for the ELMPS
installationandworkonDextreassembly. Doi
andGoriewillsubsequentlyinstalltheELMPS
onHarmonywiththeshuttlearm.
Flightday5 includesoutfittingof theELMPS
vestibule,ELMPSentrybyDoiandLinnehan,
transfer of equipment and supplies between
shuttle and station, and briefings on station
activities for the new station crew member
Reisman. An hourlong procedure review
looksaheadtothesecondspacewalk.
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8 MISSION OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
AstronautRickLinnehan,STS123missionspecialist,participatesin
anExtravehicularMobilityUnitspacesuitfitcheckintheSpaceStation
AirlockTestArticle(SSATA)intheCrewSystemsLaboratory. Astronaut
RobertL.Behnken,missionspecialist,assistsLinnehan.
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MARCH 2008 MISSION OVERVIEW 9
The second spacewalk, with Linnehan and
Foreman, isscheduled for flightday6. Itwill
focus onDextre and include installation of its
two
arms.
Behnken
will
provide
intravehicular
support while Johnson and Reisman operate
Canadarm2.
Flightday7isfilledwithavarietyofactivities,
includingworkwiththenewJapanesemodule
and transfer operations. The standard
spacewalkprocedures review, thisone for the
third spacewalk, comes toward the endof the
crewday.
EVA3,
by
Linnehan
and
Behnken,
will
occur
on flight day 8, with Foreman providing
intravehicular support. Johnson andReisman
will runCanadarm2 to help the spacewalkers
stow replacement gear and install amaterials
experiment and a Dextre platform for spare
parts.
Flight day 9 is highlighted by robotics
operations,with the station armmanipulatingDextre. ThearmfirstwillmoveDextrefromits
pallet to apower anddata grapple fixture on
the U.S. laboratory Destiny. The arm will
return the pallet to Endeavours payloadbay
and then move Dextre again, this time to a
positionwhereitwillbeprotectedduringatile
repairtestonspacewalkfour.
Flightday 10 includes some offduty time for
shuttlecrew
members
and
tool
configuration
for spacewalk four, preparations for the tile
repair test, and the standard daybefore
spacewalkproceduresreview.
Attiredinatrainingversionofhisshuttlelaunchandentrysuit,astronautMikeForeman,
STS123missionspecialist,takesamomentforaphotoduringatrainingsessioninthe
SpaceVehicleMockupFacility.
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10 MISSION OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
On flight day 11, Behnken and Foreman are
scheduled to do EVA4, with intravehicular
supportfromLinnehan. Thespacewalkincludes
theshuttletilerepairtestandchangeoutofanISScircuitbreaker.
AnOBSSsurveyofEndeavourswingsandnose
capbyGorie,JohnsonandDoi is scheduled for
flight day 12. Once again, spacewalk tools
configuration and the endofday procedures
review for the flights final spacewalk are also
planned.
During the fifth and final spacewalk on flight
day13,BehnkenandForemanwillstowtheOBSSon the stationsmain truss. With Linnehan as
intravehicular officer, theyll also release launch
locks on Harmonys left and Earthfacing
commonberthingmechanismsandperformother
tasks including installation of Trundle Bearing
Assembly5instarboard SolarAlphaRotaryJoint
(SARJ)andmoreSARJinspectionwork.
Muchofflightday14smorningwillbeoffduty
timeforshuttlecrewmembers. Latertheyllalso
hold thejoint crew news conference,wrap up
equipment and logistics transfers between thestation and shuttle and check out rendezvous
tools.
Highlighting flight day 15 are crew farewells,
hatch closings, undocking, Endeavours
flyaroundofthestationwithpilotJohnsonatthe
controls,anddeparture.
Landingpreparations, includingcheckoutof the
flight control system and the reaction control
system, are the focus of flight day 16. Crewmemberswillstowitemsinthecabinandholda
deorbitbriefingjustbeforebedtime.
Deorbitpreparations,andlandingattheKennedy
Space Center (KSC) on flight day 17 wind up
Endeavours lengthy and demanding STS123
missiontotheISS.
ThisimageshowsthepressurizedKiboJapaneseExperimentLogistics
ModulethatwillbeinstalledduringtheSTS123mission.
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MARCH 2008 TIMELINEOVERVIEW 11
TIMELINE OVERVIEW
Fl ight Day 1 Launch PayloadBayDoorOpening KubandAntennaDeployment ShuttleRoboticArmActivationand
Checkout
UmbilicalWellandHandheldExternalTank
Video
and
Stills
Downlink
Fl ight Day 2
EndeavourThermalProtectionSystemSurveywithOBSS
ExtravehicularMobilityUnitCheckout CenterlineCameraInstallation OrbiterDockingSystemRingExtension OrbitalManeuveringSystemPodSurvey RendezvousToolsCheckoutFl i ght Day 3
RendezvouswiththeISS RendezvousPitchManeuverPhotographybytheExpedition16Crew
DockingtoHarmony/PressurizedMatingAdapter2
HatchOpeningandWelcoming StationtoShuttlePowerTransferSystem
(SSPTS)Activation
Canadarm2
Grapple
of
Spacelab
Pallet
containingtheDextreSpecialPurpose
DexterousManipulator(SPDM)and
transferandmatetothePayloadOrbital
ReplacementUnitAttachmentDevice
(POA)ontheMobileBaseSystem.
ReismanandEyhartsexchangeSoyuzseatliners;ReismanjoinsExpedition16,
EyhartsjoinstheSTS123crew
Extravehicular
Activity
(EVA)
1
Procedure
Review
EVA1CampoutbyLinnehanandReismanFl ight Day 4
EVA1byLinnehanandReismanJapaneseExperimentLogisticsModulePressurized
Section(ELMPS)unberthpreparations,
OrbitalReplacementUnitandTool
ChangeoutMechanisminstallationoneach
ofDextres
two
arms
JEMELMPSGrapple,UnberthandInstallationonZenithPortofHarmony
Fl i ght Day 5
JEMELMPSIngressPreparations JEMELMPSIngress Canadarm2GrappleofOBSSandHandoff
toShuttle
Robotic
Arm
EVA2ProcedureReview EVA2CampoutbyLinnehanandForeman
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12 TIMELINEOVERVIEW MARCH 2008
Fl i ght Day 6
EVA2byLinnehanandForeman(Dextreassembly)
DextreJointandBrakeTestsandDiagnostics
JEMELMPSOutfittingFl ight Day 7
JEMELMPSRacksandSystemsOutfitting DextreArmandBrakeTests
EVA
3
Procedure
Review
EVA3CampoutbyLinnehanandBehnkenFl i ght Day 8
EVA3byLinnehanandBehnken(OrbitalReplacementUnitstowage,MISSE6
lightweightadapterplateassembly
installationandtransferofMISSE6
experimentstoColumbusandDextrespare
partplatformandtoolhandlingassembly)
DextreEndEffectorCheckoutandCalibration
Fl ight Day 9
CrewOffDutyPeriods Canadarm2GrappleofDextreandTransfer
toPowerandDataGrappleFixtureon
DestinyLaboratory;DextresL.C.Armsare
Stowed
TRADEVAHardwarePreparationFl ight Day 10
CrewOffDutyPeriods EVA4ProcedureReview EVA4CampoutbyForemanandBehnken
Fl ight Day 11
EVA4byForemanandBehnken(TRADDTO,RemotePowerControlModule
replacementincluding
temporary
CMG
2
shutdownandspinup)
RetrievetheJEMTVElectronicsBoomfromtheELMPS
Fl i ght Day 12
OBSSInspectionofEndeavoursHeatShield
MobileTransporterMovefromWorksite6toWorksite4
EVA5ProcedureReview EVA5CampoutbyForemanandBehnkenFl ight Day 13
EVA5byForemanandBehnken(OBSSstowonstationtruss,repairand
replacementofDestinyLaboratory
micrometeoroid
debris
shields,
release
of
launchlocksonHarmonyportandnadir
CommonBerthingMechanisms)
InstallationofTrundleBearingAssembly5instarboardSARJ
SARJInspectionFl ight Day 14
JointCrewNewsConference CrewOffDutyPeriods RendezvousToolsCheckout FinalTransfers
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13 TIMELINEOVERVIEW MARCH 2008
Fl i ght Day 15
FinalFarewellsandHatchClosing Undocking FlyaroundoftheISS FinalSeparationFl ight Day 16
FlightControlSystemCheckout ReactionControlSystemHotFireTest CabinStowage
EuropeanSpaceAgencys(ESAs)PAOEvent
EyhartsRecumbentSeatSetUp CrewDeorbitBriefing KuBandAntennaStowageFl i ght Day 17
DeorbitPreparations PayloadBayDoorClosing DeorbitBurn KSCLanding
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14 TIMELINEOVERVIEW MARCH 2008
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MARCH 2008 MISSION PROFILE 15
MISSION PROFILE
CREWCommander: DominicGorie
Pilot: GregoryH.Johnson
MissionSpecialist1: RobertL.BehnkenMissionSpecialist2: MikeForemanMissionSpecialist3: TakaoDoiMissionSpecialist4: RickLinnehanMissionSpecialist5: GarrettReisman(Up)MissionSpecialist5: LopoldEyharts(Down)LAUNCHOrbiter: Endeavour(OV105)LaunchSite: KennedySpaceCenter
LaunchPad39A
LaunchDate: March11,2008LaunchTime: 2:28a.m.EDT(Preferred
InPlanelaunchtimefor
3/11)
LaunchWindow: 5MinutesAltitude: 122NauticalMiles
(140Miles)
Orbital
Insertion;185NM
(213Miles)Rendezvous
Inclination: 51.6DegreesDuration: 15Days16Hours
48Minutes
VEHICLE DATA
ShuttleLiftoffWeight: 4,521,086pounds
Orbiter/PayloadLiftoffWeight: 269,767pounds
Orbiter/PayloadLandingWeight: 207,582pounds
SoftwareVersion: OI32
Space Shut t l e Main Engi nes:SSME1: 2047SSME2: 2044SSME3: 2054ExternalTank: ET126SRBSet: BI133RSRMSet: 101SHUTTLE ABORTS
Abort Landing Si tesRTLS: KennedySpaceCenterShuttle
LandingFacility
TAL: PrimaryZaragoza,SpainAlternatesMoron,Spainand
Istres,France
AOA: PrimaryKennedySpaceCenterShuttleLandingFacility;
AlternateWhiteSandsSpace
Harbor
LANDING
LandingDate: March26,2008LandingTime: 8:35p.m.EDTPrimarylandingSite: KennedySpaceCenter
ShuttleLandingFacility
PAYLOADS
KiboLogisticsModule,DextreRoboticsSystem
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16 MISSION PROFILE MARCH 2008
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MARCH 2008 MISSION PRIORITIES 17
MISSION PRIORITIES
1.
Dock
Endeavour
to
Pressurized
Mating
Adapter2anddostationsafetybriefings
forallcrewmembers
2. ReplaceExpedition16FlightEngineer
LeopoldEyhartswithExpedition16/17
FlightEngineerGarrettReismanand
transfercrewrotationcargo
3. Transferremainingitemsonflight
ballastingplan
4. InstalltheELMPS,thesmalleroftwo
pressurizedmodulesofKibo,toa
temporarypositiononadockingportonthe
spacefacingsideofHarmony
5. DocriticalELMPSactivation
6. UsingthestationsCanadarm2,unberththe
SPDM,orDextre,onitspalletandinstallit
inatemporarypositiononthestation
7. DoMobileBaseSystemcheckouttoensure
theMBScanprovideheaterpowerto
Dextre
8.
Install
umbilical
for
keep
alive
power
and
stowOBSSonstation
9. Transferwaterfromshuttletospacestation
10.Transfercriticalitems
11.TransferEuropeanplantexperiment
(WAICO)samplesfromstationtoshuttle
incubator
12.TransfertwodoublecoldbagswithHuman
ResearchProgram(HRP)nutritionsamples
andIMMUNOsamplestoshuttlemiddeck
13.AssembleanddeploySPDMDextre
14.UseCanadarm2toberthSPDMDextre
pallet
15.TransferCanadarm2yawjointfrom
shuttletostationExternalStowage
Platform
2
(ESP
2)
16.Transfertwodirectcurrentswitchingunits
fromshuttletoESP2.
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18 MISSION PRIORITIES MARCH 2008
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MARCH 2008 MISSION PERSONNEL 19
MISSION PERSONNEL
KEY CONSOLE POSITIONS FOR STS-123
Flt.Director CAPCOM PAOAscent BryanLunney JimDutton
KevinFord(Weather)KyleHerring
Orbit1(Lead) MikeMoses TerryVirts JohnIraPetty(Lead)
Orbit2 RickLaBrode NickPatrick KylieClemPlanning MattAbbott AlvinDrew BrandiDeanEntry RichardJones JimDutton
KevinFord(Weather)KyleHerring
ShuttleTeam4 RichardJones/TonyCeccacci
N/A N/A
ISSOrbit1 KwatsiAlibaruho ZachJones N/AISSOrbit2(Lead) DanaWeigel SteveRobinson N/AISSOrbit3 GingerKerrick MarkVandeHei N/AStationTeam4 HeatherRarick BobDempsey RonSpencer
Int.PartnerFDEmilyNelson(interfaceswithCanadianSpaceAgencyandJapanAerospaceExplorationAgency)
HQPAORepresentativeatKSCforLaunchMichaelCurieJSCPAORepresentativeatKSCforLaunchRobLazaroKSCLaunchCommentatorGeorgeDillerKSCLaunchDirectorMikeLeinbachNASALaunchTestDirectorStevePayne
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20 MISSION PERSONNEL MARCH 2008
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MARCH 2008 CREW 21
STS-123 ENDEAVOUR CREW
The
STS
123
crew
patch
depicts
the
shuttle
in
orbit with the crew names trailing behind.
STS123smajor additions to the International
SpaceStation: theKiboJapaneseELMPSand
theCanadianSPDM,knownasDextre,areboth
illustrated. The station is shown in the
configuration that the STS123 crew will
encounteruponarrival.
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22 CREW MARCH 2008
ThesesevenastronautstakeabreakfromtrainingtoposefortheSTS123crewportrait. From
theright(frontrow)areastronautsDominicGorie,commander;andGregoryH.Johnson,pilot.
Fromtheleft(backrow)areastronautsRickLinnehan,RobertL.Behnken,GarrettReisman,
MikeForemanandJAXAsTakaoDoi,allmissionspecialists. Thecrewmembersare
wearingshuttlelaunchandentrysuitsthatareusedfortraining.
Shortbiographical sketchesof the crew follow
withdetailedbackgroundavailableat:
http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/
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MARCH 2008 CREW 23
STS-123 CREW BIOGRAPHIES
DominicGorie
RetiredNavy
Capt.
Dominic
Gorie
will
lead
the
crewofSTS123on the25th shuttlemission to
theInternationalSpaceStation. Gorieservedas
thepilotofSTS91 in1998andSTS99 in2000.
He was the commander of STS108 in 2001.
Making his fourth spaceflight, he has logged
more than 32 days in space. He has overall
responsibility for the executionof themission,
orbiter
systems
operations
and
flight
operations, including landing. In addition,
Goriewill fly theshuttle inaprocedurecalled
the rendezvous pitch maneuver while
Endeavour is 600 feet below the station to
enable the station crew to photograph the
shuttles heat shield. He then will dock
Endeavourtothestation.
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24 CREW MARCH 2008
GregoryH.Johnson
Air Force Col. Gregory H.Johnson hasmore
than4,000
flight
hours
in
more
than
40
different
aircraft. He will make his first journey into
spaceasthepilotofEndeavourfortheSTS123
mission. SelectedbyNASA in 1998,Johnson
has served as a technical assistant to the
directorof flightcrewoperations. Hehasalso
worked intheAstronautOfficesspaceshuttle,
safetyand
exploration
branches.
He
will
be
responsible for orbiter systems operations,
shuttleand station roboticarmoperationsand
willhelpGorieintherendezvousanddocking
with the station. Johnson will undock
Endeavourfromthestation.
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26 CREW MARCH 2008
MikeForeman
NavyCapt.MikeForemanwillbemakinghis
first spaceflight as mission specialist 2 for
STS123. Hehasloggedmorethan5,000hours
in more than 50 aircraft. Selected as an
astronaut in 1998,Foremanhasworked in the
AstronautOfficespacestationandspaceshuttle
branches. Foremanwillbe on the flightdeck
duringlaunchandlanding,servingastheflight
engineer to assist Gorie and Johnson. He is
designated as EV3 and will conduct three
spacewalks. He also will serve as an
intravehicular coordinator for the other two
spacewalks.
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MARCH 2008 CREW 27
TakaoDoi
JAXA astronautTakaoDoiwillbemakinghis
secondtripintospaceasmissionspecialist3for
STS123. Doi holds doctorates in both
aerospace engineering and astronomy. He
loggedmorethan376hoursinspaceforSTS87
in 1997. He conducted two spacewalks,
including the manual capture of a Spartan
satellite. Doiwas selected as an astronaut in
1985 with the National Space Development
Agency (NASDA), currently known asJAXA.
HereportedtoJSCin1995. DuringSTS123Doi
willleadtheingressandinitialsetupofthefirst
element of the Kibo Japanese Experiment
Laboratory,theELMPS.
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28 CREW MARCH 2008
RickLinnehan
AstronautRick
Linnehan,
adoctor
of
veterinary
medicine,willbemakinghisfourthspaceflight
asmissionspecialist4 fortheSTS123mission.
SelectedbyNASAin1992,hehasloggedmore
than 43 days in space, including three
spacewalks to service the Hubble Space
Telescope on ServicingMission 3B. Linnehan
flewon
STS
78
in
1996,
STS
90
in
1998
and
STS109 in 2002. Designated as EV1 for the
STS123mission, hewill oversee the planning
and choreography of all five spacewalks. He
will conduct the first three and serve as an
intravehicular coordinator for the remaining
two.
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MARCH 2008 CREW 29
GarrettReisman
AstronautGarrettReismanwillbemakinghis
first spaceflight for STS123. He holds a
doctoratein
mechanical
engineering.
Selected
byNASA in1998,Reismanhasworked in the
Astronaut Office robotics and advanced
vehicles branches. He was part of the
NEEMOVmission,livingonthebottomofthe
sea intheAquariushabitatfortwoweeks. He
isdesignatedEV4onSTS123andwillconduct
one spacewalk. He also will assist with
intravehicular
duties
during
the
other
spacewalksandoperatethestationroboticarm.
He will serve as a flight engineer during
Expedition16and the transition toExpedition
17aboardstation. Heisscheduledtoreturnon
shuttlemissionSTS124.
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30 CREW MARCH 2008
LeopoldEyharts
Leopold Eyharts, a French astronaut from the
CenterNationaldEtudesSpatiales(CNES),will
returnto
Earth
on
STS
123.
He
was
selected
as
an astronaut by CNES in 1990 and by the
European Space Agency (ESA) in 1992. His
firstmission was to the Mir Space Station in
1998,where he supported theCNES scientific
spacemissionPgase.Heperformedvarious
French experiments in the areas of medical
research, neuroscience, biology, fluid physics
and technology. He logged20days,18hours
and20
minutes
in
space.
In
1998,
ESA
assigned
EyhartstotrainatNASAsJSC. Helaunchedto
the space station on the STS122 mission in
February. He was aboard station as a flight
engineer during Expedition 16 for the
commissioning of the European Columbus
laboratory.
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PAYLOAD OVERVIEW
MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 31
KIBO OVERVIEWJapans contr i buti on to t he
Int ernat i onal Space Stati on Progr am
ThefirstcomponentoftheJapaneseexperiment
module,Kibo,willflytotheInternationalSpace
Station (ISS) after 23 years of development
efforts by the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency JAXA. Japansroleinthespacestation
program is to develop and contribute the
Japanese
Experiment
Module
(JEM),
logistics
vehicles, and theHIITransferVehicle (HTV),
usingaccumulatedJapanesetechnologies.
Onceinorbit,theKibofacilitieswillbeusedto
perform collaborative experiments by all the
station
partners.
In
addition,
JAXA
plans
educational, cultural and commercial uses of
the Kibo facility which will provide
opportunities for expanded utilization of the
spaceenvironment.
Kibos contributions are not strictly limited to
spaceutilizations. Theactualdevelopmentand
operationofKibohasgreat significance in the
continued expansion of Japans accumulated
technologies. Acquisition of advanced
technologiesrequired
to
support
human
life
in
space enhances both the level of Japans
scientific and technological skill, and
contributes to other worldwide space
development activities in the future
exploration.
ThisisanartistsconceptimageofKibooncefullyassembledonthespacestation.
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32 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
GraphicimagesoftheKiboPressurizedModuleinteriorJapanese Experi ment Module Kibo
Kibo(keyboh)meanshope.ItisJapansfirst
humanrated space facility. Kibo willbe the
largestexperimentmoduleonthespacestation,
accommodating 31 racks in its pressurized
section, including experiment, stowage, and
systemracks.
Kibo
is
equipped
with
external
facilities that can accommodate 10exposed
experimentpayloads.
Kibo is a complex facility that enables several
kinds of specialized functions. In total, Kibo
consists of: Pressurized Module (PM) and
Exposed Facility (EF), a logistics module
attached toboth thePMandEFandaRemote
Manipulator System Japanese Experiment
Module Remote Manipulator System
(JEMRMS.)
To make maximum use of its limited space,
Kibo possesses every function required to
perform experiment activities in space: the
pressurized and exposed sections, a scientific
airlock in the PM, and a remote manipulator
system that enables operation of exposed
experiments without the assistance of a
spacewalkingcrew.
Assembly of Kibo
The Kibo elements will be delivered to the
space station by three space shuttle flights.
STS123willdeliver theELMPS,STS124will
deliverthePMandJEMRMS,andSTS127will
deliver the EF and the Experiment Logistics
ModuleExposedSection(ELMES).
For each of the three missions, a JAXA
astronaut will fly to the station to assist with
the assembly, activation, and checkout of the
Kibo component. Astronaut Takao Doi is
assignedas
aNASA
mission
specialist
for
the
STS123mission,astronautAkihikoHoshide is
assignedasamissionspecialistfortheSTS124
mission, and astronaut Koichi Wakata is
assigned as a space station flight engineer for
Expedition18.
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 33
Takao Doi
JAXA astronaut
Akihiko
Hoshide
Koichi Wakata
JAXA astronaut
Launch of ELM-PS Launch of PM and
JEMRMS Launch of EF and ELM-
ES
STS-119(15A)
STS-127(2J/A)
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34 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
The Fi rst Component to Fl y:
Kibos ELM-PS
Kibos ELMPSwillbe launched to the space
stationaboard the space shuttleEndeavouronthe STS123/1J/Amission,which is the first of
thethreeKiborelatedISSassemblyflights. The
ELMPS isaKibostoragefacilitythatprovides
stowage space for experiment payloads,
samples, and spare items. The pressurized
interior of the ELMPS is maintained at one
atmosphere, thus providing a shirtsleeve
workingenvironment. Thecrewwillbeableto
freelymovebetweentheELMPSandthemain
experimentmodule,
called
the
Pressurized
Module. Onthespacestation,Kiboistheonly
experiment facility with its own dedicated
storagefacility.
WhentheELMPSislaunchedaboardthespace
shuttle,itwillbeusedasalogisticsmodulefor
transporting eight Kibo subsystems and
experimentrackstothespacestation. Oncethe
ELMPS is on orbit, itwillbe used as aKibo
stowage compartment. Maintenance tools,
experiment
samples,
and
other
spare
items
will
allbestoredinsidetheELMPS. Thevolumeof
theELMPSislessthanthatofthePM,andup
toeightrackscanbehousedintheELMPS.
ELMPSstructurallocation
ELM-PS Exposed Facility Unit CommonBerthingMechanism(CBM)
CBM Hatch (for PM)
4.4m
4.2m
ELMPSStructure
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 35
ELMPS
ELM-PS Specifications
Shape: Cylindrical
Outer Diameter: 4.4 meters (14.4 feet)
Inner Diameter: 4.2 meters (13.8 feet)
Length: 4.2 meters (13.8 feet)
Mass: 18,490 pounds
Number of Racks: 8 racks
Power Required: 3 kW 120 V DC
Environment
*Temperature:
*Humidity:
18.3 to 29.4 degreesCelsius (65 to 86degrees Fahrenheit)
25 to 70 %
Design Life: More than 10 years
TheELMPSwillbeattachedtothezenithport
on top of the Harmony Node 2 module on
STS123s fourth flightday. TheELMPSwill
remainattached to theHarmonymoduleuntil
theKibo
PM
is
delivered
to
the
ISS
on
the
following space shuttlemission,STS124. The
final locationoftheELMPSwillbeonthetop
portofthePM.
ELM-PS Launch Conf i gur at i on
The ELMPS will carry five Kibo subsystem
racks, two experiment racks, andone stowage
rackwhen transported to the space station on
theSTS123mission. Thisincludessomeofthe
Kibosubsystem
racks,
which
must
be
installed
in thePMbeforeactivationafter its launchon
theSTS124mission.
With the exception of the Inter Orbit
Communication System (ICS) PM rack, the
subsystem racks shownbelow (marked in red
outline)arecrucialtotheactivationofthePM.
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36 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
The racks marked in blue outline house the
JAXA experiments. In the SAIBO Rack,
cultivation of animal cells, plants, and other
microorganisms
will
be
performed
in
both
microgravityandsimulatedgravity0.1Gto
2 G conditions. In the RYUTAI Rack, fluid
physics phenomena, solution crystallization,
andproteincrystallizationexperimentswillbe
monitored
and
analyzed.
Starboard
Forward A
ft
Electrical PowerSystem 1 (EPS1)Rack
Pressurized SectionResupply Rack (PSRR)
ExperimentRack(SAIBO)
Inter-Orbit Communication System(ICS-PM) Rack
Data Management System1 (DMS1) Rack
Experiment Rack (RYUTAI)
JEM RemoteManipulator System(JEMRMS) Rack
Work Station(WS) Rack
Airinlet
Airinlet
Airoutlet
Airoutlet
Light
Port
ImageaboveshowsracklocationsintheELMPSasseenfromthePMside. Subsystem
racksaremarkedinredoutline,experimentracksinblue,andastowagerackingreen.
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 37
Futur e Kibo Missi ons
PressurizedModuleandJapaneseExperiment
ModuleRemoteManipulatorSystem
(JEMRMS)tobelaunchedontheSTS124/1JMission
ThePressurizedModule(PM)is11.2meters,or
36.7feetinlength,and4.4meters,or14.4feetin
diameter. ThepressurizedinteriorofthePMis
maintained at one atmosphere to provide a
shirtsleeve working environment. The ISS
crew will conduct unique microgravity
experimentswithinthePMlaboratory. ThePM
will
hold
23
racks,
10
of
which
are
International
Standard Payload Racks designed for
experimentpayloads. ThePMwillbedelivered
totheISSaboardthespaceshuttleDiscoveryon
theSTS124/1Jmission.
Kibos robotic arm, orJEMRMS, serves as an
extension of the human hand and arm in
manipulating experiments on the EF. The
JEMRMSiscomposedoftheMainArmandthe
Small Fine Arm, which both have six
articulatingjoints. TheMainArm isused for
exchangingEFpayloadsand formoving large
items. TheSmallFineArm,whichattaches to
the
end
of
the
Main
Arm,
is
used
for
more
delicate tasks. The crew will operate these
roboticarmsfromtheJEMRMSConsolelocated
in the PM. The JEMRMS will be launched,
alongwiththePM,totheISSaboardthespace
shuttleDiscoveryontheSTS124/1Jmission.
ExposedFacilityandExperimentLogistics
ModuleExposedSectiontobelaunchedon
theSTS127/2J/AMission
The EF provides a multipurpose platform
where ten science experiment and system
payloads
can
be
deployed
and
operated
in
the
unpressurized environment of space. The
experimentpayloadsattachedtotheEFwillbe
exchangedusing theJEMRMS. TheEFwillbe
delivered to the ISS aboard the space shuttle
EndeavourontheSTS127/2J/Amission.
The ELMES is attached to the end of the EF
andprovidesastoragespaceforEFexperiment
payloadsandsamples. Uptothreeexperiment
payloads canbe stored on the ELMES. The
ELMESwillbe launched, along with the EF
andICSEF,totheISSaboardthespaceshuttle
EndeavourontheSTS127/2J/Amission.
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38 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
Kibo will be capable of independent
communications with Tsukuba Space Center
(TKSC)oncetheICSisinstalledinboththePM
and
EF,
and
fully
activated.
Through
JAXAs
Data Relay Test Satellite (DRTS), commands
and voice are uplinked from the ground to
Kibo,andexperimentdata,imagedataorvoice
are downlinked from Kibo to the ground for
scientific payload operations. The ICSEFhas
anantennaandapointingmechanismthatwill
beusedtocommunicatewiththeDRTS.
TheICSEFwillbelaunched,alongwiththeEF
andELMES,totheISSaboardthespaceshuttleEndeavouron theSTS127/2J/Amission,while
the InterOrbit Communication System PM
Rack will be delivered to the ISS on
STS123/1J/A and installed in the PM during
STS124/1J.
ICS-PM Rack ICS-EF Subsystem (ICS-EF)
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 39
KIBO MISSION CONTROL CENTER
After the Kibo element components are fully
assembled
and
activated
aboard
the
ISS,
fullscaleexperimentoperationswillbegin.
Kibo operationswillbejointlymonitored and
controlled from the Space Station Integration
and Promotion Center at Tsukuba, in Japan,
andtheMissionControlCenteratNASAsJSC
inHouston,wheretheoveralloperationsofthe
spacestationarecontrolled.
JAXA Fl i ght Cont rol Team
TheJAXA
Flight
Control
Team
(JFCT)
consists
of flight directors and more than 50 flight
controllers assigned to 10 technicaldisciplines
requiredtosupportKiboflightoperations. The
flight director oversees and directs the team,
and the flight controllers possess specialized
expertise on allKibo systems. The teamwill
monitor
and
control
Kibo
around
the
clock
in
a
threeshiftperdayschedule.
Once operational, the JFCT will monitor the
status of command uplinks, data downlinks,
systempayloadsandexperimentsaboardKibo.
The JFCT will have the capability to make
realtime changes to operations, and can
communicate directly with the crew aboard
Kibo and the various international partner
mission control centers located around the
world.The
team
will
troubleshoot
problems
or
anomalies that may occur aboard the Kibo
duringflightoperations.
KiboMissionControlRoom
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40 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
The JFCT organizes and conducts mission
specifictrainingthataccuratelysimulatesactual
Kiboflightoperations. Theteamisresponsible
for
the
preparation
and
evaluation
of
all
plans
andprocedures thatwillbeperformedby the
crew aboard Kibo, and by controllers on the
ground. In addition, the JFCT regularly
conducts contingency training for all certified
flight controllers, and candidate flight
controllers.
TherolesoftherespectivesectionsofJFCTare
asfollows:
JAXA Fl i ght Di rect or
JAXA FlightDirector (JFLIGHT) is the leader
of theJFCT. JFLIGHTwilldirect the overall
operation of Kibo, including operations
planning, system and experiment operations,
andother tasksperformedby thecrewaboard
Kibo.
The flight controllers assigned to each control
sectionmustensurethattheJFLIGHTisgiven
thecurrent
status
of
every
detail
of
Kibo
operations.
Mayumi Matsuura will serve as the lead
JFLIGHT for the STS123/1J/A mission, and
will direct the ELMPS related operations
duringthe1J/Astage.
LeadJFLIGHTforSTS123
MayumiMatsuura
Control and Network Systems, Elect r i cal
Power, and ICS Communicat ion off i cer
Control and Network Systems, Electrical
Power, and ICS Communication officer(CANSEI) is responsible for Kibos flight
control,network systems,electricalpowerand
ICScommunications. CANSEIwillmonitorthe
control statusofonboard computers,network
systems,andelectricalpower systems through
data downlinked from Kibo on a realtime
basis.
Fluid and Thermal off i cer
FluidandThermalofficer(FLAT)isresponsibleformonitoringthestatusoftheEnvironmental
Control and Life Support System and the
Thermal Control System which regulate the
heatgeneratedby theequipmentaboardKibo.
These systems will be monitored through
telemetry data downlinked from Kibo on a
realtimebasis.
Kibo Roboti cs of fi cer
Kibo Robotics officer (KIBOTT) is responsible
fortheoveralloperationofKibosroboticarms,
scientific airlock, and other associated
mechanisms. During robotic arm and airlock
operations,KIBOTTwill prepare andmonitor
therelatedsystemsnecessaryfortheflightcrew
toperformtheappropriatetasksaboardKibo.
Operati ons Planner
OperationsPlanner(JPLAN) isresponsiblefor
planning the actual flight operations. When
Kibo is in a flight operations status, JPLAN
willmonitor the status and progress of Kibo
operations and, if necessary, will amend or
modifytheoperationplansasrequired.
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 41
System Element Investi gati on and
Integrati on offi cer
System Element Investigation and Integration
officer(SENIN)
is
responsible
for
Kibos
system
elements. SENINwillmonitorandensurethat
eachKibosystemisrunningsmoothlyandwill
integrate all systems information providedby
eachflightcontrolsection.
Tsukuba Ground Cont rol ler
TsukubaGroundController(TSUKUBAGC)is
responsible for the overall operation and
maintenance of the ground support facilities
thatare
essential
for
Kibo
flight
operations.
This includes the operations control systems
andtheoperationsnetworksystems.
JEM Communi cator
JEMCommunicator (JCOM) is responsible for
voice communications with the crew aboard
Kibo. JCOM will communicate all essential
information to the crew for operating Kibo
systems and experiments, and/or respond to
Kibospecific inquiries from the crew. JAXA
Astronaut Naoko Yamazaki (who is also
assigned as the Crew Support Astronaut for
STS123 Mission Specialist Takao Doi) will
serve as a JCOM officer during the STS123
mission.
JAXAastronautNaokoYamazakiwillserveasaJCOMofficerduringtheSTS123mission.
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42 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
Astronaut Related Intr avehicl e Act i vit y
and Equipment Support
AstronautRelatedIntravehicularActivity(IVA)
andEquipmentSupport(ARIES)isresponsiblefor IntraVehicular Activity (IVA) operations
aboardKibo. ARIESwillmanagethetoolsand
otherIVArelatedsupportequipmentonKibo.
JEM Payload off i cer
JEM Payload Officer (JEM PAYLOADS) is
responsible for Kibos experiment payload
operations, and will coordinate payload
activitieswiththePrimaryInvestigatorsofeach
respectiveexperiment.
JAXA Extr avehicul ar Act i vi ty
JAXA Extravehicular Activity (JAXA EVA) is
responsible for Kiborelated EVA operations
and will provide technical support to the
crew members who perform Kiborelated
spacewalks.
Note: The JAXA EVA console will not be
located in theSpaceStationOperationsFacility at the Tsukuba Space Center.
Instead,theJAXAEVAflightcontrollers
willbestationedattheNASAJSC.
JEM Engi neer ing Team
TheJEMEngineeringTeam(JET)isresponsible
forproviding technical evaluation of realtime
data and pre and postflight analysis. JET
consists of the JET lead and electrical
subsystem,fluidsubsystemandIVAengineers
who are members of the JEM Development
ProjectTeam. JET engineers alsowork in the
NASAMissionEvaluationRoomatNASAJSC
in order to performjoint troubleshooting and
anomalyresolution.
CANSEI FLAT
Screen ScreenScreen
J-COM J-FLIGHT SENINJEM
PAYLOAD
TSUKUBA
GC
KIBOTT ARIES J-PLAN
JEMMissionControlRoom
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Astr onaut Trai ning Facil i ty
The following activities are conducted in the
AstronautTrainingFacility(ATF)building:
JAXAastronautcandidatetraining
Astronauttrainingandhealthcare
ThisbuildingisaprimarysiteforJapansspace
medicineresearch.
44 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
Weightl ess Envir onment Test Bui l ding
The Weightless Environment Test Building
(WET) facilityprovidesasimulatedweightless
environment, using water buoyancy, forastronauttraining. Designverificationtestson
variousKibocomponents,anddevelopmentof
preliminary spacewalk procedures, were
conductedinthisfacility.
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 45
Space Stat ion Integrat i on and Promot ion Center
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 47
SPACE STATION INTEGRATION AND
PROMOTION CENTER
The
Space
Station
Integration
and
Promotion
Center is responsible for controlling Kibo
operations. At the center, operation of Kibo
systemsandpayloadsaresupervisedandKibo
operation plans are prepared in cooperation
with NASAs Mission Control Center and
PayloadOperationIntegrationCenter.
Thecenterisresponsibleforthefollowing:
MonitoringandcontrollingKibooperating
systems
MonitoringandcontrollingJapanese
experimentsonboardKibo
Implementingoperationplans
Supportinglaunchpreparation
Thecenterconsistsofthefollowingsections:
Mission Control Room
The Mission Control Room (MCR) provides
realtimeKibosupportona24hourbasis. This
includes monitoring the health and status of
Kibos operating systems, payloads, sending
commands,andrealtimeoperationalplanning.
User Operat ions Area
The User Operations Area (UOA) distributes
the status of Japanese experiments and
provides collecteddata to the respectiveusers
thatareresponsiblefortheexperimentsandthe
subsequentanalysis.
Operati ons Planning Room
The Operations Planning Room (OPR) is
responsible for the planning of on orbit and
ground operations based on the power
distribution, crew resources, and data
transmission capacity. If the baseline plans
need to be changed, adjustments will be
conducted
in
tandem
with
the
MCR,
the
User
OperationsAreaandNASA.
Operati ons Rehearsal Room
The Operations Rehearsal Room (ORR)
provides training for flight controllers, and
conducts integrated rehearsals and joint
simulationswithNASA.
Engi neer ing Support Room
TheEngineeringSupportRoom(ESR)provides
engineering support for Kibo operations. In
this room, the JEM Engineering Team (JET)
monitorsthedatadownlinkedtotheMCRfrom
Kibo, and provides engineering support as
required.
JAXAS EXPERIMENTS DURING THE
1J/ A STAGE
CELL WALL and RESIST WALL
Supported by NASA and ESA, JAXAs life
scienceexperimentwillbeperformedonboard
theISSduring the1J/AStage. Theexperiment
combines two research themes entitled CELL
WALLandRESISTWALL.
Seeds of thale cress, or mouseear cress
Arabidopsisthalianawillbelaunchedtothe
ISS on the STS123 mission. Using ESAs
cultivation chamber, European Modular
Cultivation System: EMCS located in the
Columbus module, half of the seeds will be
grown in a microgravity condition and the
other half will be grown in an artificial 1G
gravitycondition. Thestemsof thethalecress
will be collected into sample collection tubes
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48 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
whenthestemshavegrownto10cminheight,
approximately 43 days after initiation of
incubation, and then, will be returned to the
ground
on
the
STS
124
mission.
The goal of this research is to uncover the
molecular mechanism in plants that are
assumed to be regulated by earths
gravitational force, and/or verify the gravity
resistancemechanism,which isassumed tobe
an essential response for plants to develop
againsttheforceofgravityonearth.
Thalecress,a.k.amouseearcress
PCCandEC(PlantCultivationChamber
andExperimentContainer)
Samplecollectiontube
JAXA AEROSPACE OPEN LAB PROGRAM
Development of cl othi ng for ast ronauts
aboard spacecraft
JAXAhas
been
conducting
the
Aerospace
Open
LabProgramsinceJune2004. Thisprogram is
one of JAXAs space development support
measures,aiming forestablishingafoundation
foreasieraccess to thecurrentor future space
development programs. Currently, 25 joint
research projects are ongoing as part of the
program.
Developmentofclothing forastronautsaboard
spacecraft,known as crew cabin clothing, is
oneof
the
research
themes.
This
research
is
run
by theNearFutureSpaceLivingUnitgroup
ledby Prof. Yoshiko Taya ofJapanWomens
University.
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 49
Shirtwithshortsleeves
The goal of this research group is to develop
crew cabin clothing that meets the safety
requirements for spaceflight, and that ensures
thefollowingfunctions:
Thermalcomfort
Cleanliness
Mobility
Beautifulclothingcontour
Lightweightandcompactdesign
Clothingdevelopedbythisresearchgroupwill
belaunched
aboard
STS
123.
During
the
mission,JAXA astronautTakaoDoiwillwear
the various clothing types developed by the
grouptoevaluatethecomfortandfunctionality
oftheclothing.
The group has developed clothing materials
withthefollowingpropertiesrequiredforcrew
cabinclothing:
Heatinsulation
Waterabsorption
Quickevaporation
Antibacterial
Odorelimination
Antistatic
Antifouling
Softandcomfortabletoskin
In addition to those properties, nonsewing
technologyhasgiven theclothingsoftnessand
wearable comfort. Cutting technology has
improved theway theclothing fitsandmoves
asthecrewworksinspace.
The group has alsodeveloped a hook& loop
fastenerwith
fire
retardant
properties
and
fabricatedwithsofttouchmaterials.
Shorts
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50 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
DEXTRE: CANADIAN ROBOTICS FOR
THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
Dextre
is
the
third
and
final
component
of
the
MobileServicingSystemdevelopedbyCanada
for the ISS. The twoarmed Special Purpose
Dexterous Manipulator, known as Dextre,
complements themobilebase and the robotic
arm Canadarm2 already installed and
operatingonthestation. ThesemaketheMSSa
vital tool for external station maintenance.
With advanced stabilization and handling
capabilities, Dextre can perform delicate
human
scale
tasks
such
as
removing
and
replacingsmallexteriorcomponents. Operated
bycrewmembersinsidethestationorbyflight
controllers on the ground, it also is equipped
with lights, video equipment, a stowage
platform,andthreerobotictools.
TheSpecialPurposeDexterousManipulatorcanperformdelicatehuman
scaletaskssuchasremovingandreplacingsmallexteriorcomponents.
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 51
ThetechnologybehindDextreevolvedfromits
famouspredecessorCanadarm2. Dextre is the
worlds first onorbit servicing robot with an
operational
mission,
and
it
lays
the
foundation
for future satellite servicing and space
explorationcapabilities.
What Dext re Can Do
Whileonearm isused toanchorand stabilize
the system, the other can perform fine
manipulation tasks such as removing and
replacing station components, opening and
closing covers, and deploying or retracting
mechanisms.Dextre
can
either
be
attached
to
theendofCanadarm2orrideindependentlyon
the Mobile Base System. To grab objects,
Dextrehasspecialgripperswithbuiltinsocket
wrench, camera, and lights. The two pan/tilt
cameras below its rotating torso provide
operators with additional views of the work
area.
Currently, astronauts executemany tasks that
can onlybe performed during long, arduous,
and
potentially
dangerous
spacewalks.
Delivery of this element increases crew safety
andreducestheamountoftimethatastronauts
must spend outside the station for routine
maintenance. Theyshouldthereforehavemore
timeforscientificactivities.
Some of themany tasks Dextre will perform
include:
Installing and removing small payloads
suchas
batteries,
power
switching
units,
andcomputers
Providingpowertopayloads
Manipulating, installing, and removing
scientificpayloads
AtypicaltaskforDextrewouldbetoreplacea
depleted battery (100 kg, 220 pounds) and
engagealltheconnectors. Thisinvolvesbolting
and
unbolting,
as
well
as
millimetre
level
positioningaccuracy foraligningand inserting
thenewbattery.
Design Ingenuit y and Remarkable
Sensitivity
Thiskindoftaskdemandshighprecisionanda
gentle touch. To achieve this, Dextre has a
unique technology: precise sensing of the
forces and torque in its grip with automatic
compensationto
ensure
the
payload
glides
smoothlyintoitsmountingfixture. Dextrecan
pivot at the waist, and its shoulders support
two identicalarmswithsevenoffsetjointsthat
allow for great freedom of movement. The
waistjoint allows the operator to change the
position of the tools, cameras, and temporary
stowageonthe lowerbodywithrespectto the
armsontheupperbody. Dextreisdesignedto
move only one arm at a time for several
reasons: to maintain stability, to harmonize
activities with Canadarm on the shuttle and
Canadarm2onthestationandtominimizethe
possibilityofselfcollision.
Attheendofeacharmisanorbitalreplacement
unit/tool changeoutmechanism, or OTCM
paralleljawsthatholdapayloadortoolwitha
vicelike grip. Each OTCM has a retractable
motorizedsocketwrenchtoturnboltsandmate
ordetachmechanisms,aswellasacameraand
lightsfor
close
up
viewing.
A
retractable
umbilical connector can provide power, data,
andvideoconnectionfeedthroughtopayloads.
From a workstation aboard the station,
astronautscanoperateall theMobileServicing
System components, namely Canadarm2, the
mobile base, and Dextre. To prepare for
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52 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW MARCH 2008
operating each component, astronauts and
cosmonauts undergo rigorous training at the
Canadian Space Agencys Operations
Engineering
Training
Facility
at
the
John
H.
ChapmanSpaceCentreinLongueuil,Quebec.
Canadas Contr ibuti on to t he
Internati onal Space Stat i on
Renowned for its expertise in space robotics,
Canadas contribution to the ISS a unique
collaborative project with the United States,
Japan,RussiaandseveralEuropeannations
istheMobileServicingSystem. Combiningtwo
robotic elements and amobile platform, they
are designed to work together or
independently.
The
first
element,
Canadarm2,
whose technical name is the Space Station
Remote Manipulator System, was delivered
and installed by Canadian Space Agency
astronautChrisHadfield in 2001. Themobile
base systemwas added to the station in 2002.
Dextre launches aboard space shuttle
EndeavouronflightSTS123.
ThisimageillustratesDextreworkingattheendofthestationsCanadarm2.
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MARCH 2008 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 53
Dextrecanpivotatthewaistanditsshoulderssupporttwoidenticalarmswithsevenoffsetjointsthatallowforgreatfreedomofmovement.
Dextr e Qui ck Fact s
SIZE AND MASS
Height 3.67 meters (12 feet)
Width (acrossshoulders
2.37 meters(7.7 feet)
Arm Length (each): 3.35 meters (11 feet)
Mass (approx.): 1,560 kilograms(3,440 pounds)
PERFORMANCE
Handling Capability: 600 kilograms(1,323 pounds)
PositioningAccuracy(incremental):
2 millimeters(1/12 inch)
PositioningAccuracy (relativeto target):
6 millimeters(1/4 inch)
Force Accuracy 2.2 newtons(0.5 pound force)
Average OperatingPower
1,400 watts
Formoreinformation,visit:http://www.space.gc.ca
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MARCH 2008 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 55
RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING
BackdroppedbyablueandwhiteEarth,spaceshuttleEndeavourapproachestheInternational
SpaceStationduringSTS118rendezvousanddockingoperations. ARussianspacecraft,
dockedtothestation,canbeseenintherightforeground.
Rendezvous begins with a precisely timed
launch of the shuttle on the correct trajectory
for itschaseof the InternationalSpaceStation.
A series of engine firings over the next
twodayswillbringEndeavourtoapointabout
50,000feet
behind
the
station.
Once there, Endeavour will start its final
approach. About2.5hoursbeforedocking,the
shuttlesjetswillbefiredduringwhatiscalled
the terminal initiation burn. Endeavour will
cover the finalmiles to the stationduring the
nextorbit.
AsEndeavourmoves closer to the station, the
shuttles rendezvous radar system and
trajectory control sensor will give the crew
range and closingrate data. Several small
correction burns will place Endeavour about
1,000feet
below
the
station.
Commander Dominic Gorie, with help from
Pilot Gregory H. Johnson and other crew
members,willmanually fly the shuttle for the
remainderoftheapproachanddocking.
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56 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING MARCH 2008
GoriewillstopEndeavourabout600feetbelow
thestation. Oncehedeterminesthereisproper
lighting,hewillmaneuvertheshuttlethrougha
nine
minute
back
flip
called
the
Rendezvous
PitchManeuver. That allows the station crew
to take asmany as 300digital pictures of the
shuttlesheatshield.
Stationcrewmemberswillusedigitalcameras
with400mmand800mmlensestophotograph
Endeavours upper and bottom surfaces
through windows of the Zvezda Service
Module. The 400 mm lens provides up to
3inch resolution and the 800 mm lens up to
1inch
resolution.
The photography is one of several techniques
usedtoinspecttheshuttlesthermalprotection
system for possibledamage. Areas of special
interest
include
the
tiles,
the
reinforced
carbon
carbon of the nose and leading edges of the
wings,landinggeardoorsandtheelevoncove.
The photos will be downlinked through the
stations Kuband communications system for
analysis by systems engineers and mission
managers.
WhenEndeavourcompletesitsbackflip,itwill
bebackwhere it started,with itspayloadbay
facingthe
station.
ThisimageillustratesspaceshuttleEndeavourdockingwiththeInternationalSpaceStation.
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MARCH 2008 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 57
Gorie then will fly Endeavour through a
quarter circle to a position about 400 feet
directlyinfrontofthestation. Fromthatpoint
he
will
begin
the
final
approach
to
dock
at
the
Pressurized MatingAdaptor 2 at the forward
endoftheHarmonymodule.
The shuttle crew members operate laptop
computersprocessingthenavigationaldata,the
laser range systems and Endeavours docking
mechanism.
Usingavideocameramountedinthecenterof
theOrbiterDockingSystem,Goriewill lineup
thedocking
ports
of
the
two
spacecraft.
If
necessary,hewillpause30feetfromthestation
to ensure proper alignment of the docking
mechanisms.
Hewillmaintaintheshuttlesspeedrelativeto
the station at about onetenth of a foot per
second,whilebothEndeavour and the station
aremovingatabout17,500mph. Hewillkeep
thedockingmechanismsalignedtoatolerance
of
three
inches.
When Endeavour makes contact with the
station, preliminary latches will automatically
attachthetwospacecraft. Theshuttlessteering
jets will be deactivated to reduce the forces
actingatthedockinginterface. Shockabsorber
springsinthedockingmechanismwilldampen
any relative motion between the shuttle and
station.
Oncemotion
between
the
shuttle
and
the
stationhasbeenstopped,thedockingringwill
be retracted to close a final set of latches
betweenthetwovehicles.
BackdroppedbyEarth,theInternationalSpaceStationisseenfromspace
shuttleAtlantisasthetwospacecraftbeginseparationandthe
STS122missionnearsitscompletion.
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58 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING MARCH 2008
UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND
DEPARTURE
At
undocking,
hooks
and
latches
will
be
openedandspringswillpushEndeavouraway
fromthestation. Theshuttlessteeringjetswill
be shut off to avoid any inadvertent firings
duringtheinitialseparation.
Once Endeavour is about two feet from the
stationandthedockingdevicesareclearofone
another,Johnsonwill turn the steeringjets on
and will manually fly Endeavour in a tight
corridor as the shuttle moves away from the
station.
Endeavour will move away about 450 feet.Then, if propellant and time permit,Johnson
willbegin to fly the shuttlearound the station
and its new laboratory. Once Endeavour
completes 1.5 revolutions of the station,
Johnsonwill fireEndeavoursjets to leave the
area.
ThisimagedepictsspaceshuttleEndeavourundocking
fromthestationfollowingtheSTS123mission.
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MARCH 2008 SPACEWALKS 59
SPACEWALKS
Five
spacewalks
performed
by
four
of
STS
123s
astronauts will help install the Japanese
ELMPSandassembleDextre,theSPDM.
Spacewalkers also will demonstrate a space
shuttle heat shield repair technique, using the
TileRepairAblatorDispenser(TRAD),similar
toacaulkgun. ForemanandBehnkenwilluse
theTRAD tomixagoolikesubstanceknown
as
STA
54
and
extrude
it
into
holes
in
several
demonstration tiles. They will smooth the
materialby tamping itwith foamtipped tools.
The repaired samples will be stowed in
Endeavours cargo bay for return to Earth,
wheretheywillundergoextensivetesting.
STS123s spacewalkswilloccuron flightdays
4,6,8,11,and13.
ThisimageillustratesthestationsroboticarmgrapplingtheOrbiterBoomSensorSystemin
preparationforitstemporarystowageonthestationsS1truss.
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60 SPACEWALKS MARCH 2008
Veteran Rick Linnehan is the missions lead
spacewalker. He conducted three spacewalks
in March 2002 during STS109, the fourth
Hubble
Space
Telescope
servicing
mission.
Linnehanwillconductthefirstthreeexcursions
with threedifferent firsttime spacewalkers
Garrett Reisman, Mike Foreman and
RobertL.Behnken.
Behnken and Foreman will perform the two
final spacewalks, including the heat shield
repairdemonstration.
The spacewalkers will be identifiable by
variousmarkings
on
their
spacesuits.
Linnehan
will wear the suit bearing solid red stripes.
Reisman will wear an allwhite spacesuit.
Foremanssuitwillbedistinguishedbybroken
horizontal
red
stripes,
and
Behnkens
suit
will
bemarkedwithadiagonalcandycanestripe.
Each spacewalk will start from the stations
Quest airlock. Theastronautswillprepareby
using the campout prebreathe protocol,
spendingthenightbeforethespacewalkinthe
airlock. The prebreathe exercise purges
nitrogen from the astronauts systems to
preventdecompressionsickness,alsoknownas
thebends.
ThisimagedepictstheKiboJapaneseExperimentModulethatwillbeinstalled
ontheInternationalSpaceStationduringtheSTS123mission.
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MARCH 2008 SPACEWALKS 61
MissionSpecialistsRickLinnehanandGarrettReismanwill
conductthefirstofthemissionsfivescheduledspacewalks.
During the campout, the spacewalking crew
membersisolatethemselvesintheairlock. The
airlocksairpressureisloweredto10.2pounds
persquareinch(psi)whilethestationiskeptat
14.7psi,ornearsealevelpressure. Whenthey
wake up, the astronauts don oxygen masks,
and the airlockspressure is raised to 14.7psi
for an hour. Afterbreakfast, the pressure is
loweredbackto10.2psiforanadditionalhour
as the astronauts don their spacesuits. An
additional30minutesinthesuitscompletesthe
protocol. The campout procedure enables
spacewalks tobegin earlier in the crews day
thanbeforetheprotocolwasadopted.
EVA-1
EV1: Linnehan
EV4: Reisman
IV:
Foreman
BehnkenandEyhartswilloperate thestations
roboticarm
Duration: 6.5hours
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MARCH 2008 SPACEWALKS 63
EVA-3
EV1: Linnehan
EV2:Behnken
IV: Foreman
Duration: 6.5hours
EVAOperations:
OutfitDextre
1. InstalltheORUandtoolplatform/tool
holderassembly
2. InstalltheCameraLightPanTilt
Assembly(CLPA)
3.
Remove
the
cover
PreparetheSpacelabLogisticsPalletfor
landing
MovetheMISSE6experimenttothe
Columbusmodule
TransferaspareCanadarm2yawjoint
TransfertwospareDirectCurrent
SwitchingUnits
MissionspecialistsRickLinnehanandRobertBehnkenwillconduct
themissionsthirdspacewalkscheduledforflightday8.
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64 SPACEWALKS MARCH 2008
EVA-4
EV2: Behnken
EV3:Foreman
IV: Linnehan
Duration: 6.5hours
EVAOperations:
ReplaceafailedRemotePowerController
Moduleonthestationstruss
TRADDetailedTestObjective(DTO)848,
theheatshieldrepairdemonstration
MissionspecialistsRobertBehnkenandMikeForemanwillconduct
themissionsfinaltwospacewalksonflightdays11and13.
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MARCH 2008 SPACEWALKS 65
EVA-5
EV2: Behnken
EV3:Foreman
IV: Linnehan
Duration: 6.5hours
EVAOperations:
TransfertheOBSStoatemporarystowage
locationontheS1truss.
InstallELMPStrunnioncovers
ReinstallTrundleBearingAssemblyNo.5
inthestarboardSARJ
ReleaselaunchlocksonHarmonysport
andnadirCommonBerthingMechanisms
Removeadditionalcoversfromthe
starboardSARJandperforminspections,
capturedigitalphotographyandperform
debriscollection
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MARCH 2008 EXPERIMENTS 67
EXPERIMENTS
DETAILED TEST OBJECTIVESDetailed TestObjectives (DTOs) are aimed at
testing, evaluating or documenting space
shuttle systems or hardware, or proposed
improvements to the space shuttle or space
stationhardware,systemsandoperations.
DTO 848 Ti le Repai r Ablator Di spenser
The primary purpose of the detailed test
objective is to evaluate the Shuttle Tile
Ablator54 (STA54)material and a tile repairablator dispenser in a microgravity and
vacuum environment for their use as a space
shuttle thermal protection system repair
technique.
Spacewalkers Robert Behnken and Mike
Foremanonflightday11willsetupforthetest
ontheoutsideoftheDestinylab.
TheTileRepairAblatorDispenser (TRAD) is
similartoacaulkgun. Bothspacewalkerswill
use theTRAD tomixandextrude theSTA54
material into holes in several demonstration
tiles. Thespacewalkerswillwatchforswelling
ofthematerialandworkitinuntilitissmooth
by tamping the material with foamtipped
tools.
Therepairedsamplesand toolswillbestowed
in Endeavours cargobay for return to Earth.
Thesamples
will
undergo
extensive
testing
on
theground.
DTO 853 In-Fl i ght Evaluati on for Areasof CO2 Concentration
Thepurposeof theDTO is to evaluate carbon
dioxide(CO2)levelsatspecifictimesduringthe
mission and in shuttle areas that have the
potential
to
contain
elevated
levels.
The
DTO
is
beingcarriedoutover fourmissions: STS118,
STS120, STS122 and STS123. During the
missions, the data will be collected over a
periodoffivedays,duringsimilartimeperiods
andinsimilarlocations.
The CO2 levels will be recorded using the
Carbon Dioxide Monitor (CDM) a portable
handheld device designed to monitor and
quantifyCO2concentrations.
The test was prompted by the STS121 and
STS115 mission crews who reported
experiencing stuffiness and headaches while
sleeping in themiddeck area. The symptoms
arebelievedtomostlikelyresultfromexposure
tohighlevelsofCO2.
For the reported times during STS121 and
STS115, the CO2 levels within the crew
module, as indicated by the vehicle
instrumentation,were
within
the
acceptable
range. Additionally, for the course of the
docked phase, the CO2 levels in the shuttle
trackedwellwiththelevelsinthestation. The
stationcrewdidnotreportanysymptoms.
Data sampling locations for the test are
dependentuponcrewsleep locationsandhigh
activitylocationsbecausethepostsleepactivity
periodandhigh activityperiods are the times
whenCO2symptomswerereportedbythetwo
crews.
During theupcoming fourmissions, thecrews
willplacetheCDMinthemiddeckbeforethey
go to sleep so that ground controllers
can monitor CO2 levels continuously. The
informationwillbe used to identifyCO2 hot
spotswithintheshuttle.
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68 EXPERIMENTS MARCH 2008
As a result, engineering evaluations will be
made to finetune air exchange analyses, to
determine if any configuration changes are
necessary
to
optimize
airflow
and
to
determine
if operational improvements are needed or if
crew exposure time in identified areas should
belimited.
CDM technology was successfully used to
determine the existenceofCO2pocketson the
spacestation. Thekit thatwillbeusedon the
shuttlewillincludetheCDM,filtersandseveral
battery packs. The CDM is capable of
monitoring CO2 in a localized area for either
longor
short
durations
of
time,
depending
on
theoperatingmode.
DTO 805 Crosswind Landing
Performance (If opportunit y)
ThepurposeofthisDTO istodemonstratethe
capability to perform a manually controlled
landing in the presence of a crosswind. The
testingisdoneintwosteps.
1.Pre
launch:
Ensure
planning
will
allow
selection of a runway with Microwave
Scanning Beam Landing System support,
which is a set ofdual transmitters located
beside the runway providing precision
navigation vertically, horizontally and
longitudinallywith respect to the runway.
This precision navigation subsystem helps
provide a higher probability of a more
precise landingwith a crosswind of 10 to
15knotsaslateintheflightaspossible.
2. Entry: This test requires that the crew
perform amanually controlled landing in
the presence of a 90degree crosswind
componentof10to15knotssteadystate.
Duringacrosswindlanding,thedragchutewill
bedeployed afternose gear touchdownwhen
the vehicle is stable and tracking the runway
centerline.
SHORT-DURATION RESEARCHThe space shuttle and International Space
Station have an integrated research program
thatoptimizesuseofshuttlecrewmembersand
longduration space station crew members to
address research questions in a variety of
disciplines.
Forinformationonscienceonthestation:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/
science/index.html
or
http://iss-science.jsc.nasa.gov/index.cfm
Detailedinformationislocatedat:
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/Expedition.html
ValidationofProceduresforMonitoringCrew
Member Immune Function (Integrated
Immune)willassess theclinicalrisksresulting
from the adverse effects of spaceflight on the
human immune system and will validate a
flightcompatible immunemonitoringstrategy.
Researchers will collect and analyze blood,
urine and saliva samples from crewmembers
before,duringandafterspaceflight tomonitor
changesintheirimmunesystems.
Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric
Injections
(MAUI)will
observe
the
space
shuttle engine exhaust plumes from the
Maui Space Surveillance Site inHawaii. The
observationswill occurwhen the shuttle fires
itsenginesatnightortwilight. Atelescopeand
allskyimagerswilltakeimagesanddatawhile
theshuttlefliesovertheMauisite. Theimages
will be analyzed to better understand the
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MARCH 2008 EXPERIMENTS 69
interactionbetween the spacecraft plume and
theupperatmosphere.
Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure
Against PostFlight Orthostatic Hypotension(Midodrine) isa testof theabilityof thedrug
midodrinetoreducetheincidenceorseverityof
orthostatichypotension. Ifsuccessful,thedrug
willbe employed as a countermeasure to the
dizziness caused by the bloodpressure
decreasethatmanyastronautsexperienceupon
returningtotheEarthsgravity.
Bioavailablity and Performance Effects of
Promethazineduring
Spaceflight
(PMZ)
will
examinetheperformanceimpactingsideeffects
of promethazine and its bioavailability the
degree towhich a drug canbe absorbed and
usedby the parts of thebody onwhich it is
intended tohavean effect. Promethazine isa
medication taken by astronauts to prevent
motionsickness.
SleepWake Actigraphy and Light Exposure
during Spaceflight Short (SleepShort)will
examinethe
effects
of
spaceflight
on
the
sleepwake cycles of the astronauts during
shuttle missions. Advancing stateoftheart
technology for monitoring, diagnosing and
assessing treatmentofsleeppatterns isvital to
treatinginsomniaonEarthandinspace.
Rigidizable Inflatable GetAwaySpecial
Experiment (RIGEX) operates in the space
shuttle cargobay and is designed to test and
collect
data
on
inflated
and
rigid
structures
in
space. Inflatable tubes will be heated and
cooled to form structurally stiff tubes. Itwill
operate in the U.S. Department of Defenses
(DoD)Canister forAll PayloadEjections, also
knownasCAPE.
Sampl es Returni ng from ISS on STS-123
Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) is
NASAsmostcomprehensive inflightstudy to
date of human physiologic changes duringlongduration spaceflight; this includes
measures of bone metabolism, oxidative
damage,nutritionalassessmentsandhormonal
changes. This study will impact both the
definition of nutritional requirements and
development of food systems for future space
exploration missions to the moon and Mars.
Theexperimentalsowillhelptounderstandthe
impact of countermeasures exercise and
pharmaceuticalson
nutritional
status
and
nutrientrequirementsforastronauts.
Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses in
HumansDuringandAfterLongTermStayat
ISS (Immuno)provided anunderstanding for
the development of pharmacological tools to
counter unwanted immunological side effects
during longdurationmissions in space. The
aim of this experiment was to determine
changes in stress and immune responses,
during and after a stay on the space station.
Thisexperimentwillhelpbetterunderstandthe
couplingbetweenstressandthefunctioningof
theimmunesystem.
Waving andCoiling of Arabidopsis Roots at
Different glevels (WAICO)l studied the
interaction of circumnutation (the successive
bowingorbendingindifferentdirectionsofthe
growing tip of the stems and roots) and
gravitropism(a
tendency
to
grow
toward
or
away fromgravity) inmicrogravityand1gof
Arabidopsis thaliana (commonlyknownas thalecress). This experiment flew on STS122 and
wassponsoredbytheEuropeanSpaceAgency.
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70 EXPERIMENTS MARCH 2008
A Comprehensive Characterization of
Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft
(SWAB) used advancedmolecular techniques
to
comprehensively
evaluate
microbes
on
board
the space station, including pathogens
(organismsthatmaycausedisease). It tracked
changes in the microbial community as
spacecraft visit the station and new station
modules are added. This study allowed an
assessmentof the riskofmicrobes to thecrew
andthespacecraft.
Experi ments to be deli vered to ISS
TheReverse
Genetic
Approach
to
Exploring
GenesResponsibleforCellWallDynamicsin
Supporting Tissues of Arabidopsis Under
Microgravity Conditions and Role of
MicrotubuleMembraneCellWallContinuum
inGravityResistance inPlants (CWRW) is a
pair of investigations that will explore the
molecular mechanism by which the cell wall
(rigid outermost layer) construction in
Arabidopsis thaliana (a small plant of the
mustard family) is regulatedby gravity. The
second will determine the importance of the
structural connections between microtubule,
plasmamembrane,cellwallas themechanism
of gravity resistance. The results of these
investigations will support future plans to
cultivate plants on longduration exploration
missions.
BCAT4 (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test4) is a
followonexperimenttoBCAT3. BCAT4will
studyten
colloidal
samples.
Seven
of
these
sampleswilldeterminephase separation rates
andaddneededpointstothephasediagramof
amodelcriticalfluidsysteminitiallystudiedin
BCAT3. Threeofthesesampleswillusemodel
hardspherestoexploreseededcolloidalcrystal
nucleation and the effects of polydispersity,
providinginsightintohownaturebringsorder
outofdisorder.
LabonaChip Application DevelopmentPortable Test System (LOCADPTS) is a
handheld device for rapid detection of
biological and chemical substances aboard the
space station. Astronauts will swab surfaces
within the cabin, add swab material to the
LOCADPTS, and within 15 minutes obtain
results on a display screen. The studys
purpose is to effectively provide an early
warning system to enable crew members to
takeremedial
measures
if
necessary
to
protect
thehealthandsafetyofthoseonthestation.
Test of Midodrine as a Countermeasure
AgainstPostFlightOrthostaticHypotension
Long (MidodrineLong) is a testof the ability
of thedrugmidodrine to reduce the incidence
or severity of orthostatic hypotension. If
successful, it will be employed as a
countermeasure to thedizzinesscausedby the
bloodpressure decrease thatmany astronauts
experience upon returning to the Earths
gravity.
Materials International Space Station
Experiment 6Aand6B(MISSE6Aand6B) is
atestbedformaterialsandcoatingsattachedto
the outside of the stationbeing evaluated for
the effects of atomic oxygen, direct sunlight,
radiation,andextremesofheatandcold. This
experimentallowsthedevelopmentandtesting
ofnew
materials
to
better
withstand
the
rigors
of spaceenvironments. Resultswillprovidea
better understanding of the durability of
variousmaterialswhentheyareexposedtothe
space environment with applications in the
designoffuturespacecraft.
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MARCH 2008 EXPERIMENTS 71
Japan Aerospace Explorati on