STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Biology 9: Moretti & Dickson

Bio 9B: Monday, January 17, 2011Title: No Class – MLK Day

Homework:

Do Now:

Today’s Objectives:

Bio 9C: Tuesday, January 17, 2011Title: Structure & Function of Nerve Cells

Homework: Complete Pre-Lab for Reaction Time Lab Review the complete set of procedures before the start of

tomorrow’s class.

Do Now: Complete the Cell Specialization Do Now

Today’s Objectives: Describe how different types of cells have different

structures to fit their functions Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that

allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

• Cell Specialization Do Now• Nervous System Notes – Day 1

Agenda

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Investigate Cell SpecializationSpecialized Cells have Specialized Structures

“Typical” Cell “Mystery” Cell

• Nervous System Notes – Day 1

Agenda

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Neurons

Neuron = a specialized nerve cell Function: communicate with body organs

by sending electrical signals (impulses) Structure:

Long branches send and receive signals

Cell body coordinatesincoming and outgoing signals

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body

Cell Body: nucleus & organelles

Axon: Takes impulses away from cell body

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Axon

Dendrites

Cell Bod

y

Nervous System:The 2 Major Divisions

Central Nervous System Brain and spinal cord

Brain: Processes information and controls responses

Spinal cord: Links brain to other nerves and controls reflex responses.

Peripheral Nervous System All other nerves throughout the

body Motor Neurons send info

from brain to muscles Sensory Neurons send info

from sense organs to brain

Image: Adam, Inc.; http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2007/08/01/health/adam/8679.jpg

Objectives for Class:• Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

Nervous System:Major Divisions Working Together

Objectives for Class:• Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System and their major components

Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 19, 2011Title: Reaction Time Lab

Homework: Complete Post-Lab Conclusions Draft the “Final Assessment” on a separate

sheet of paper for Thursday Do Now:

Take out the Reaction Time Lab and wait for your next instruction

Today’s Objectives: Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and

explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Lab: Testing the Reaction Time of Different Muscle Groups

Abstract:When a glass drops from a table and shatters, you turn your head to see what happened. This is just one example of how your nervous system senses and responds to stimuli. In this lab, we will test how fast you can react to various stimuli. First, I’ll need a volunteer with cat-like reflexes for a quick demonstration. Then, you’ll test the reaction time of different muscle groups (fingers vs. arms) by measuring how far a meter stick falls before you can catch it.

Demo Complete Pre-lab Part I – Measuring Reaction Time of Finger Muscles

Complete Lab and Record Data Part II – Measuring Reaction Time of Arm Muscles

Complete Lab and Record DataObjectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Lilliana

Anthony

Brunyr

Kendra

Marie

Aaron

Marcus

Carla

Christine

Rockens

Jhon

Amanjot

Julian Karen

Jason

Joe

Obayanna

Amando

Garlyn

Crystal

Jonathan

Asarel

Jamesly

Chicken Wing Dissection

Meryam

Reaction Time Lab: Class Averages

Group Name Finger Reaction Time (cm)

Arm Reaction Time (cm)

Karen & C-Cat 12.7cm 14.1cm

Obayanna & Carla <3 12.7 23.4 ;)

Anthony & Marcus 18.92cm 19.4

Christine + Meryem 14 cm 19.4 cm

Julian and Joey 12.2cm 12.5cm

Kendra and lilliana 14.8 17.9

Garlyn+Marie+Aseral 15.4 24.13

Amanjot and amando 17.9 21.5

Jamesly and Rockens 12.1 5.8

Class Average 14.5 17.6

Bio 9C: Thursday, January 20, 2011Title: Nerve Impulses

Homework: Complete the Final Assessment – to be counted as

a quiz grade! Do Now:

What is the difference between a dendrite and an axon? How do they relate to the overall function of a neuron?

Today’s Objectives: Identify the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System

and their major components Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain

that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Double Block

• Notes: Nerve Impulses• Complete the Final Assessment of the Reaction Time Lab (this will count as a Quiz Grade!)

Agenda

Neurons:Structure and Function

Objectives for Class:• Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the

body

Axon: Takes impulses away from cell body

Dendrites: branched extensions, carry impulses toward cell body

Cell Body: nucleus & organelles

Nerve Impulse:A “wave” of electricity that travels through the neuron

3 Steps of a Nerve Impulse:

1. Dendrites are stimulated by a stimulus (environment or other neuron).

2. Electric impulse travels to cell body.

3. Cell body sends an impulse down the axon to the axon terminals.

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Stimulus! (Sound, smell, sight, taste,

another neuron’s signal)

The “wave” of a nerve impulse

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Neurons communicate with other cells

Muscle cell

Motor neuron

Synapse:The place where a neuron connects to another cell

Other neurons

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Communication At the Synapse

1. Axon terminal releases neurotransmitter (a tiny signal molecule).

2. Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse and signals the next cell.

3. This triggers an impulse in the next cell.

Objectives for Class:• Identify 3 specialized structures of neurons and explain that allow them to receive and transmit signals throughout the body

Communication w/ Muscle Cells

•Complete the Final Assessment of the Reaction Time Lab (this will count as a Quiz Grade!)

Agenda

Final Assessment

Use this period to Complete the “Final Assessment” for the Reaction Lab