structure and function of dna
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Structure and Function of DNA. DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis . DNA Structure . Double Helix in Shape- two stands wound around one another. Composed of subunits called nucleotides Parts of a Nucleotide 5 Carbon Sugar- Deoxyribose Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base (4 Flavors) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Structure and Function of DNA
DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis
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Double Helix in Shape- two stands wound around one another.
Composed of subunits called nucleotides Parts of a Nucleotide
5 Carbon Sugar- Deoxyribose Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base (4 Flavors)
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine (A,T,C,G)
DNA Structure
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Credited with Double Helix Model Spiral staircase or twisted
ladder Maurice Williams and
Rosalind Franklin worked with them also.
Watson and Crick
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Chargoff’s Rule A,C,T, G always bind in a certain
way
Adenine- Thymine
Cytosine- Guanine
Hydrogen Bonds Hold Them Together
Base Paring
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DNA stores all of the genetic information for the cell.
If it located in the nucleus but can also be found in the mitochondria and the chloroplast.
Serves as the blueprint for making proteins.
Function of DNA
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Copying DNA to make an exact copy (in nucleus) DNA strand unwinds and separates Enzymes help new DNA chains form by using
nucleotides floating around the nucleus. Produces two new exact copies of the original
DNA strand. Occurs during S phase if interphase Remember A-T and C-G !!!
DNA Replication
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1. CTC GGG ATA CTG GGG CGT
2. ATG GCG CGT CGT CAT TAC
3. GTG CGT CAT CCC AAA TTT
4. TAC CAT ATC GTA CGT GTA
5. AAT TTA TAT CTC GTG CCC
Replication Practice
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Ribonucleic Acid Structure of RNA
Made of nucleotides Sugar-Ribose Uracil Replaces Thymine and Pairs with
Adenine Single Strand not double Smaller than DNA
Part II: RNA
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mRNA- messenger RNA Carries RNA info from nucleus to cytoplasm
tRNA- transfer RNA Picks up amino acids
rRNA- ribosomal RNA Makes up the ribosomes where proteins are
made.
Types of RNA
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DNA VS. RNA
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DNA RNA Occurs in the nucleus When the cell needs a protein is transcribes
a certain part of DNA into RNA. RNA is then the directions to make the
proteins.
Transcription
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1. TAC GGC TAT ATC CTG CGC TAT ACG ATT
2. TAC CCG GAT CCG TTC ATA CGT ACT ATC
3. TAC GTA AAA AGT GGG CCC TAT GAT ATT
4. TAC GTA CGT CAT GAT TAG AGT TCT ATC
5. TAC GTA CTA GTA CCC GTA ATA AGA ATC
Transcription Practice
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RNA is read in sets of 3 bases called codons.
Each codon CODES for a specific amino acid.
Start Codon –AUG Stop Codons- UAA,
UAG, UGA
The Genetic Code
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Making proteins from the mRNA code. mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves to the
cytoplasm. Goes to the ribosome where it is read is sets
of 3 bases called a CODON. tRNA picks up amino acids needed to make
specific proteins
Translation
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Structure of Proteins Polymers made of amino acids bonded by
peptide bonds. Specific sequence of amino acids makes each
protein. There are 20 different amino acids used to
make proteins.
Protein Synthesis
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Once at the ribosome, the amino acids brought by the tRNA are bonded together by peptide bonds.
Bonded by peptide bonds. MAKES A PROTEIN.
Protein Assembly
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SUMMARY
PROCESS MOLECULES LOCATION
REPLICATION
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
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Transcribe and Translate the following sequences. 1. DNA- TAC GGT ACT TAG AGA TTT AAA ATT RNA AA
2. DNA- TAC GTG GGG TTT ACT TCA CAT TTC GAG RNA AA
Translation Practice