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STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLE OF CONVERSATION

AHMAD IZZUDDIN B AZMANZULEIRA BT MANSORINDO SYARIFAH BT EMBOK RAUBFASIHAH BT MOHD JAMIL

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The Structure of Communication

TemporalStructure

Synchronous (real time)

Asynchronous

DistributiveStructure

One-to-One

One-to-Many

Many-to-Many

IntentionalStructure

Private

Public

PresenceStructure Unmediated

Mediated

Persistence

Structure

Persistent

Impersistent

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EFECTIVE SPEAKERKnow exactlywhat you want

Be confidentPolitenessAppreciativeGood ListenerBe fairBe sensitiveBe respectful

Be clearExplain why they are

entrusted for the task.Be specific

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HOW TO ASSIGN THE TASK.

Use imperative form.- Please finish the work tomorrow- Do wait here

Use a modal verb to turn the order intoa request.- C ould you make me some tea?- C an you give me the notes?- Will you shut the door?

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HOW TO ASSIGN THE TASK.

Use an introductory phrase to soften the order.- Would you mind possibly moving your car?

It's parked right in front of mine.- Do you think you could do this photocopying

for me?- If you have a couple of minutes spare, the

office needs tidying up.

Use sequencing words- F irstly- Secondly

- Than

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Turn taking

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A conversation between two people implies anagreement between them that each will have a

turn to express his or her ideas.

3 basic signals used as part of the process :Turn yielding signals by the speaker, for instance

changes in loudness, intonation and pronunciation ;particular body movement; and the use of stereotyped phrasesInterruption-suppressing signals by the speaker,

particularly hand-gesturesBack-channel signals (feedback signals) by thelistener, the purpose of which considered to be toenhance the speaker s contribution rather thaninterrupt it.

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Integrates ± visual behavior & attention ±

facial expression & animation ± body posture ± vocalization & lip synchronization

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EXAMPLES

He didn t listen to a word I said!

I just had to sit there and listen to

him wittering on!

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M ODERATION

Moderation is also known as modesty

The meaning of moderation is reserve orappropriate in speech, dress or behavior andlack of pretentiousness.

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Modesty may be expressed in socialinteraction by communicating in a wayexhibiting humility, shyness.The quality or state of being modest; thatlowly temper which accompanies a moderateestimate of one's own worth and importance;absence of self-assertion, arrogance, andpresumption; humility respecting one's ownmerit.

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Modesty in speaking

We must be modest in our words. What is

spoken;how

it is spoken; andto whom

it isspoken.

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EXA M PLES DIALOGUE OF

M ODESTY can you please shut the window

excuse me sir, can I help you

sorry, I beg your pardon can I help you

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THE ENDuuuuuu