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Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading S. Thevanayagam, UB Research Kickoff Meeting Nov. 19, 2005, RPI PI – R. Dobry, co-PI’s: A. Elgamal, S. Thevanayagam, T. Abdoun, M. Zeghal Acknowledgements: Kanagalingam, N. Ecemis

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Page 1: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading

S. Thevanayagam, UB

Research Kickoff MeetingNov. 19, 2005, RPIPI – R. Dobry, co-PI’s: A. Elgamal, S. Thevanayagam, T. Abdoun, M. ZeghalAcknowledgements: Kanagalingam, N. Ecemis

Page 2: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Introductiona. UB 1-g Testsb. Schedule

Laminar Box Strong Floor-Shaking a. Preparations, Progress & Scheduleb. Strong Floor, Actuators, Shaking, Logistics, Safety

Sand Construction – Plans & progressa. Sand Hydraulic Filling – Preparations and progressb. Dry runs – Preparations & fine tuning equipmentc. Sand CPT Testing – plans

Year-1 Test Plans & Schedulea. Tests & Instrumentation – preliminary plansb. Coordination & integrationb. Data Acquisition & IT (preliminary)

Equipment & Instrumentation - Progress Summary

OutlineOutline

Page 3: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

5.0 m

2.75

m

6.2 m

SECTIONAL VIEW

PLAN

Shaking Frame on Strong Floor

Pile(Test 1A: High EI pile,Test 1B: Low EI pile)

=2 or 3 deg.

F#55Sand, Dr~45%

3.35

m

5.6 m

2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates)

Ball Bearings

Task 1: Single Pile (Tests 1 & 2)Task 1: Single Pile (Tests 1 & 2)(shaking in perpendicular directions)(shaking in perpendicular directions)

Page 4: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Task 1: Group Pile (Tests 3 and 4)Task 1: Group Pile (Tests 3 and 4)(shaking in perpendicular directions)(shaking in perpendicular directions)

5.0 m

2.75

m

6.2 m

SECTIONAL VIEW

PLAN

Shaking Frame on Strong Floor

Pile

=2 or 3 deg.

F#55Sand, Dr~45%

3.35

m

5.6 m

2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates)

Ball Bearings

Pile Cap

Task 1 Total Tests: Task 1 Total Tests: 44

• Yr-1: Yr-1: Test #1Test #1

• Yr-2: Tests #2 Yr-2: Tests #2 and 3and 3• Yr-3: Test #4Yr-3: Test #4

Page 5: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Year-1 Schedule Year-1 Schedule (2005-2006)(2005-2006)

Task Category Soil Base Motion Start Time End Time

Preliminary PreparationSand pumping trialsCPT testing setup - - 5-Oct 15-MarLaminar box modificationsSand purchase and storingMembrane gluing and testing

Initial Preparatory Tests: Wet/Saturated test w/o pile (6.2 m

height)

Test 1:Level Ground Test (LG-1) 15-Mar 15-May

Test 2:Sloping Ground Test (SG-1) 15-May 15-Jul

Task 1: Single pile testingTest 1A: High EI pile test 1-Jul 31-Aug

Test 1B: Low EI pile test 15-Aug 15-Oct

Task 2: Group pile testing F-55 Sand, Dr =40-50%

amax = 0.2-0.3 g, 1.5 - 2.0 HZ harmonic motion

F-55 Sand, Dr =40-50%

amax = 0.2-0.3 g, 1.5 - 2.0 HZ harmonic motion

F-55 Sand, Dr =40-50%

amax = 0.2-0.3 g, 1.5 - 2.0 HZ harmonic motion

Page 6: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Year-1 Schedule Year-1 Schedule (2005-2006)(2005-2006)

Task Category Soil Base Motion Start Time End Time

Preliminary PreparationSand pumping trialsCPT testing setup - - 5-Oct 15-MarLaminar box modificationsSand purchase and storingMembrane gluing and testing

Initial Preparatory Tests: Wet/Saturated test w/o pile (6.2 m

height)

Test 1:Level Ground Test (LG-1) 15-Mar 15-May

Test 2:Sloping Ground Test (SG-1) 15-May 15-Jul

Task 1: Single pile testingTest 1A: High EI pile test 1-Jul 31-Aug

Test 1B: Low EI pile test 15-Aug 15-Oct

Task 2: Group pile testing F-55 Sand, Dr =40-50%

amax = 0.2-0.3 g, 1.5 - 2.0 HZ harmonic motion

F-55 Sand, Dr =40-50%

amax = 0.2-0.3 g, 1.5 - 2.0 HZ harmonic motion

F-55 Sand, Dr =40-50%

amax = 0.2-0.3 g, 1.5 - 2.0 HZ harmonic motion

Page 7: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Modular Multilayer-Laminate-Bearing Design; 5.0x2.75x6.2m (85 cubic meter maximum capacity)

Simulate 2-D Ground Response for Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction Studies at or Near Full Scale

1-g Geotechnical Studies to Compliment Centrifuge

2-D Large Scale 2-D Large Scale Geotechnical Laminar Box - DetailsGeotechnical Laminar Box - Details

5.0 m

2.7

5 m

6.2 m

Shaking Frame on Strong Floor

Group Pile

=2 or 3 deg.

Sand

3.3

5 m

5.6 m

Ball Bearings

Page 8: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Laminar Box DetailsLaminar Box DetailsModule A2 B1 and B2 A1

Box-Internal Base Size (mxm) 2.75x5 2.75x2.5 2.75x5

Box-Height (m) 3.1 6.2 or 3.1 6.2

Box-Metal Weight (empty) (tons) 8.5 11.2 or 5.6 17.0

Box-Max Soil Vol. (m3) 38.6 34.6 or 17.3 77.2

Support Steel-bridge-spanning two tables

Steel-bridge-spanning two tables (6.2m) or on

a single table (3.1m)

Strong Floor

Number of Laminates 12 24 (or 12) 24

Laminate Thickness (m) 0.26 0.26 0.26

Interlaminate Bearings Ball Units Ball Units Ball Units

Spanning-Base Steel Bridge (tons) 7.5 7.5 7.5

Payload Capacity 40g-ton 40 g-ton (6.2m) or 20 g-ton (3.1m)

0.3g max

Maximum Weight (incl box & soil) 100 tons 100 tons (6.2m) or 50 tons (3.1m)

185 tons

Shaking Dir. Horiz: X, Y Horiz: X, Y Horiz: X or Y

Inter-laminate displ. (nominal) limit (mm)

36 36 36

Inter-laminate displ. (for special tests) limit (mm) (may increase this limit for 1-D tests)

74 74 74

Permanent Displacement between Laminate

To be decided on a case-by-case-basis

To be decided on a case-by-case-basis

To be decided on a case-by-case-basis

Page 9: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

2-D Large Scale 2-D Large Scale Geotechnical Laminar BoxGeotechnical Laminar Box

5.0 m

2.7

5 m

6.2 m

Shaking Frame on Strong Floor

Group Pile

=2 or 3 deg.

Sand

3.3

5 m

5.6 m

Ball Bearings

Page 10: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Bearing & I-Beam AssemblyBearing & I-Beam Assembly

Page 11: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Interlaminate BearingsInterlaminate Bearings

Page 12: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

2-D Laminar Box – Strong Floor - Shaking

Reaction Wall

Strong Floor

2D-Bearings Fast Actuator(100-200 ton)

Page 13: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Dynamic Actuators& Controllers – For Laminar Box Shaking

3 x 100 tons Dynamic Actuators (0-100Hz, 1.25 m/sec, 800 gpm valves)

Page 14: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Large Dynamic and Static ActuatorsLarge Dynamic and Static Actuatorsand Controllersand Controllers

3 x 100 tons Dynamic Actuators (0-100Hz) 2 x 200 tons Static Actuators Flex-Test Controllers and Software STS Controller (MTS469) – Custom Made

Page 15: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

2-D Large Scale 2-D Large Scale Geotechnical Laminar BoxGeotechnical Laminar Box

5.0 m

2.7

5 m

6.2 m

Shaking Frame on Strong Floor

Group Pile

=2 or 3 deg.

Sand

3.3

5 m

5.6 m

Ball Bearings

Reaction Wall

Strong Floor

2D-Bearings Fast Actuator(100-200 ton)

Page 16: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Laminar Box Laminar Box – Strong Floor Shaking Setup – Strong Floor Shaking Setup

Page 17: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Laminar Box – Strong Floor ModificationLaminar Box – Strong Floor Modification

PLAN VIEW

Page 18: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Strong Floor – Bearing SupportStrong Floor – Bearing Support

Page 19: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Loading FrameLoading Frame

Page 20: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Sand Construction - Hydraulic Sand Construction - Hydraulic FillingFilling

Page 21: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Laminar Box Sand PlacementLaminar Box Sand Placement

Placement rate / Density – To be worked outTarget Density: ~ 30% - 50%Density measurements during placement & CPT measurements after placement

Laminar Box (LB)

Sand Container

Water

Strong Floor

Circulating Water Pump

Slurry Pump(5 HP, 3, 208V, 14.5 A)

Diffuser

Sand SlurryWater

Ottawa F-55 Sand (150 T)

3”/ 350 ft Hose

LAB

Reaction Wall

Page 22: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Hydraulic Placement Methods Hydraulic Placement Methods

Page 23: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Field Hydraulic Fill Placement Methods Field Hydraulic Fill Placement Methods & CPT Results & CPT Results

High SpeedHigh Speed

Low Speed + Compaction

Bottom DumpBottom Dump

Page 24: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Hydraulic Fill – Field CPT DataHydraulic Fill – Field CPT Data(Mitchell et al.)(Mitchell et al.)

Better Control Possible in the Lab. Better Control Possible in the Lab. Environment; Includes plans for development Environment; Includes plans for development of placement controls to achieve desired of placement controls to achieve desired density rangesdensity ranges

Page 25: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Hydraulic Filling – Preliminary Hydraulic Filling – Preliminary Pump Tests - completedPump Tests - completed

Circulating Water Pump

Slurry Pump(5 HP, 3, 208V, 14.5 A)

Sand Slurry

Container-B

Ottawa F-55 Sand Water

Container-A

Water

Placement rate & Density Controls – To be worked outTarget Density: ~ 30% - 50%Density measurements during placement & CPT measurements after placement

Page 26: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Laminar Box Sand Placement Laminar Box Sand Placement Preparation Preparation TestsTests

Placement rate / Density – To be worked outTarget Density: ~ 30% - 50%Density measurements during placement & CPT measurements after placement

Laminar Box (LB)

Sand Container

Water

Strong Floor

Circulating Water Pump

Slurry Pump(5 HP, 3, 208V, 14.5 A)

Diffuser

Sand SlurryWater

Ottawa F-55 Sand (150 T)

3”/ 350 ft Hose

LAB

Reaction Wall

Page 27: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

CPT TestingCPT Testing

• 100% Soil Saturation – Hydraulic Filling: For Fully Saturated Tests.

• Drain water to obtain “Dry” Sand – For Unsaturated or dry Tests

1. Tip2. Sleeve3. Pore pressure

Cost (TBE)

Additional Sampling & Density measurements

Page 28: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Year-1 Test Plans Year-1 Test Plans (2005-06)(2005-06)

PreparatoryPreparatory Dry Runs & Preliminary Equipment TestsDry Runs & Preliminary Equipment Tests

Free-Field LiquefactionFree-Field Liquefaction Level Ground (LG-1) Level Ground (LG-1) – Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (May 06)– Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (May 06)

Sloping Ground (SG-1) Sloping Ground (SG-1) - Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (July 06)- Harmonic progressive amplitude increase (July 06)

Coord Pre-test data for num. modelers Coord Pre-test data for num. modelers – 2mo before tests for Class – 2mo before tests for Class A prediction & post-test model calibration (March 06 & May 06)A prediction & post-test model calibration (March 06 & May 06)

Single PileSingle Pile High-EI Pile (Test 1A) High-EI Pile (Test 1A) – Harmonic 1-2Hz, 0.2-0.3g (Aug. 06)– Harmonic 1-2Hz, 0.2-0.3g (Aug. 06) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) Low-EI Pile (Test 1B) – Harmonic 1-2Hz, 0.2-0.3g (Oct. 06)– Harmonic 1-2Hz, 0.2-0.3g (Oct. 06)

Coordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & ITCoordination w/ Centrifuge Tests & IT

Page 29: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation – Schematic Instrumentation – Schematic Plan viewPlan view

Schematic Diagram – Plan View

Strain Gauge Piezometer Accelerometer Potentiometer MEMS Shape Cable

Reaction Wall

Actuator

Page 30: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation: Instrumentation: Free FieldFree Field Liquefaction Tests LG-1 & SG-1Liquefaction Tests LG-1 & SG-1

Prelim Instrumentation Plan-1: UB 1-g Tests LG-1 & SG-1

(Deg.)r (m) 2 0.5 Ring 1 2

Z (m) MEMS P PX-

ACCY-

Acc PX-

AccY-

AccX-Pot P P

MEMS Y-Pot

MEMS P Kryp Vedio

0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10.25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40.751.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.251.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.752.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 42.252.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.753.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.253.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.754.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.254.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.755.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.255.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.756.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.20-FixedBase 4 4 4 1 1

Meas.Total Need Avail

Purchase

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. P P X-Acc Y-Acc P X-Acc Y-Acc X-Def P P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. Y-Def

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. P

X-Y-Def Images

Freq 60 100

Chan-A 124

Chan-K 26

Chan-M 117DAQ 3

MEMS 39 13 13 13Piezo 45 8 8 8 7 7 7

X-Acc 24 25 7 17

Y-Acc 24 25 7 17X-Pot 17 20 17Y-Pot 14 20 14Video 3 3K-270 26 50 26

Price/unitTotal Price

270

Ring

0 90 180

0 11 Ring

Page 31: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation: Free Field Instrumentation: Free Field Liquefaction Tests LG-1 & SG-1Liquefaction Tests LG-1 & SG-1

Prelim Instrumentation Plan-1: UB 1-g Tests LG-1 & SG-1

(Deg.)r (m) 2 0.5 Ring 1 2

Z (m) MEMS P PX-

ACCY-

Acc PX-

AccY-

AccX-Pot P P

MEMS Y-Pot

MEMS P Kryp Vedio

0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10.25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40.751.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.251.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.752.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 42.252.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.753.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.253.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.754.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.254.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.755.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.255.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.756.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.20-FixedBase 4 4 4 1 1

Meas.Total Need Avail

Purchase

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. P P X-Acc Y-Acc P X-Acc Y-Acc X-Def P P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. Y-Def

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. P

X-Y-Def Images

Freq 60 100

Chan-A 124

Chan-K 26

Chan-M 117DAQ 3

MEMS 39 13 13 13Piezo 45 8 8 8 7 7 7

X-Acc 24 25 7 17

Y-Acc 24 25 7 17X-Pot 17 20 17Y-Pot 14 20 14Video 3 3K-270 26 50 26

Price/unitTotal Price

270

Ring

0 90 180

0 11 Ring

Page 32: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

5.0 m

2.75

m

6.2 m

SECTIONAL VIEW

PLAN

Shaking Frame on Strong Floor

Pile(Test 1A: High EI pile,Test 1B: Low EI pile)

=2 or 3 deg.

F#55Sand, Dr~45%

3.35

m

5.6 m

2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates)

Ball Bearings

Boundary“Ring – Corrections”

To be worked out

Single Pile (Tests 1A & 1B)Single Pile (Tests 1A & 1B)

Page 33: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Soil-Pile InstrumentationSoil-Pile Instrumentation

Schematic Diagram- Sectional ViewsStrain Gauge Piezometer Accelerometer Potentiometer

MEMS ShapeCable

Page 34: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Soil-Pile InstrumentationSoil-Pile Instrumentation

Schematic Diagram – Plan View

Strain Gauge Piezometer Accelerometer Potentiometer MEMS Shape Cable

Reaction Wall

Actuator

Page 35: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Soil-Pile InstrumentationSoil-Pile Instrumentation

KRYPTON

Page 36: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation: Instrumentation: Single PileSingle PilePrelim Instrumentation Plan - 2: UB 1-g Tests: Single Pile

Z(m)On Pile

On Pile D

On Pile D 3D Ring

On Pile D

On Pile Ring Video

MEMS S P P MEMS PX-

AccY-

AccX-

AccY-

AccX-Pot S P P

Y-90-Pot S P P MEMS S Kryp

Head/ Cap 1 1 1 4 1

0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10.25 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40.75 11.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.25 11.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.75 12.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 42.25 12.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.75 13.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.25 13.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.75 14.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.25 14.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.75 15.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.25 15.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.75 16.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.20-FixedBase 4 4 4 1 1

Meas.Total Need Avail

Purchase

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. M P P

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. P X-Acc Y-Acc X-Acc Y-Acc X-Def M P P Y-Def M P P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. M

X-Y-Def

Images

Freq 60 100

Chan-A 188

Chan-K 30

Chan-M 120DAQ 3

S 64 25 13 13 13MEMS 40 14 13 13Piezo 45 7 7 3 7 7 7 7

X-Acc 24 25 7 17

Y-Acc 24 25 7 17X-Pot 17 20 17Y-Pot 14 20 14Video 4 4K-270 30 50 30

Price/unitTotal Price

3D 5D Ring 3D

0 90 180 270

Page 37: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation: Single PileInstrumentation: Single PilePrelim Instrumentation Plan - 2: UB 1-g Tests: Single Pile

Z(m)On Pile

On Pile D

On Pile D 3D Ring

On Pile D

On Pile Ring Video

MEMS S P P MEMS PX-

AccY-

AccX-

AccY-

AccX-Pot S P P

Y-90-Pot S P P MEMS S Kryp

Head/ Cap 1 1 1 4 1

0.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10.25 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40.75 11.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.25 11.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 41.75 12.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 42.25 12.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.75 13.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.25 13.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.75 14.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.25 14.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.75 15.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.25 15.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.75 16.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.20-FixedBase 4 4 4 1 1

Meas.Total Need Avail

Purchase

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. M P P

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. P X-Acc Y-Acc X-Acc Y-Acc X-Def M P P Y-Def M P P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. M

X-Y-Def

Images

Freq 60 100

Chan-A 188

Chan-K 30

Chan-M 120DAQ 3

S 64 25 13 13 13MEMS 40 14 13 13Piezo 45 7 7 3 7 7 7 7

X-Acc 24 25 7 17

Y-Acc 24 25 7 17X-Pot 17 20 17Y-Pot 14 20 14Video 4 4K-270 30 50 30

Price/unitTotal Price

3D 5D Ring 3D

0 90 180 270

Page 38: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

5.0 m

2.75

m

6.2 m

SECTIONAL VIEW

PLAN

Shaking Frame on Strong Floor

Pile

=2 or 3 deg.

F#55Sand, Dr~45%

3.35

m

5.6 m

2-D Laminar Box (24 Laminates)

Ball Bearings

Pile Cap

Group Pile (Test 3; Yr-2)Group Pile (Test 3; Yr-2)

Page 39: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation: Instrumentation: 2x2 Group2x2 GroupPrelim Instrumentation Plan - 3: UB 1-g Tests: 2X2 Group Pile

X(m) -D DY(m) -D 0 D -D 0 D -D D 2D -D D -D D 2D -D -D D -D 0 D -D 0 D

Z(m) X-Acc P P MEMS P P P P S S P S SY-pot

Kryp

video P MEMS S S P S MEMS S P P P P MEMS P P

X-Acc

Y-Acc

X-Acc

Y-Acc

X-Pot

Head/ Cap 4 1 1 1

1 1 10.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.25 1 10.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.75 1 11.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11.25 1 11.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11.75 1 12.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.25 1 12.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.75 1 13.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.25 1 13.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.75 1 14.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.25 1 14.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.75 1 15.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.25 1 15.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.75 1 16.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.20-FixedBase 1 1 4 4 4

Unit Pr. Meas.Total Need Avail

Purchase P P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. P P P P M M P M M

Y-Def

X-Y-Def

Images P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-

Z Def. M M P M

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. M P P P P

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. P P X-Acc Y-Acc X-Acc Y-Acc X-Def

Freq 100

Chan-A 265

Chan-K 30

Chan-M 144DAQ 3

0.012 S 118 3 7 13 12 26 13 7 26 145.000 MEMS 48 25 12 12 12 120.640 Piezo 54 35 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4

0.400 X-Acc 37 25 5 12 8 17

Y-Acc 25 25 8 17X-Pot 17 20 17Y-Pot 14 20 14Video 4 4K-270 30 50 30

-6D

0

4D 6D-4D -2D -1.5D -0.5D Ring

-Ring 3D 0 0

1.5D0.5D 2D0

Page 40: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation: 2x2 GroupInstrumentation: 2x2 GroupPrelim Instrumentation Plan - 3: UB 1-g Tests: 2X2 Group Pile

X(m) -D D

Y(m) -D 0 D -D 0 D -D D 2D -D D -D D 2D -D -D D -D 0 D -D 0 D

Z(m) X-Acc P P MEMS P P P P S S P S SY-pot

Kryp

video P MEMS S S P S MEMS S P P P P MEMS P P

X-Acc

Y-Acc

X-Acc

Y-Acc

X-Pot

Head/ Cap 4 1 1 1

1 1 10.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.25 1 10.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.75 1 11.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11.25 1 11.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11.75 1 12.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.25 1 12.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12.75 1 13.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.25 1 13.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13.75 1 14.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.25 1 14.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14.75 1 15.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.25 1 15.50 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.75 1 16.00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

6.20-FixedBase 1 1 4 4 4

Unit Pr. Meas.Total Need Avail

Purchase P P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-Z Def. P P P P M M P M M

Y-Def

X-Y-Def

Images P

X-Y-Acc, X-Y-

Z Def. M M P M

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. M P P P P

X-Y-Acc, X-

Y-Z Def. P P X-Acc Y-Acc X-Acc Y-Acc X-Def

Freq 100

Chan-A 265

Chan-K 30

Chan-M 144DAQ 3

0.012 S 118 3 7 13 12 26 13 7 26 145.000 MEMS 48 25 12 12 12 120.640 Piezo 54 35 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4

0.400 X-Acc 37 25 5 12 8 17

Y-Acc 25 25 8 17X-Pot 17 20 17Y-Pot 14 20 14Video 4 4K-270 30 50 30

-6D

0

4D 6D-4D -2D -1.5D -0.5D Ring

-Ring 3D 0 0

1.5D0.5D 2D0

Page 41: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Instrumentation SummaryInstrumentation SummarySoil Sensors 34 Accelerometers – Rings 28 Accelerometers – Soil 54 Piezometers – Soil 40 Potentiometers – Rings 3 MEMS Shape Cables – Soil Krypton Imager – Field of View: Top Surface and Top 2m Rings

Pile Sensors Many Strain gauges 2 MEMS Shape Cables Krypton Imager - Field of View: Pile Cap

Others Instrument Mounting Frame - Available Pacific Data Acquisition System (285 Channels; 256 available) Krypton (30) – 50 Available MEMS (144) - ?? Available Time stamp, Data Synchronization & IT – Need to develop (Jason)

Page 42: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Introductiona. UB 1-g Tests – Task 1b. Schedule

Laminar Box Strong Floor-Shaking – Laminar box Completed; Shaking Design completed; Strong floor-box interface Fabrication & Testing planned

a. Preparations, Progress & Scheduleb. Strong Floor, Actuators, Shaking, Logistics, Safety

Sand Construction – Plans & progress – Pump tests completeda. Sand Hydraulic Filling & Density Control – Preparations and progressb. Dry runs – Preparations & fine tuning equipmentc. Sand CPT Testing – plans

Year-1 Test Plans & Schedule – NEES Lab Scheduled (Typ 10wks/test)a. Tests & Instrumentation – prelim. plans & Budget completed (w/ AMR)b. Coordination & integration (with Other Tasks)b. Data Acquisition & IT (preliminary)

Equipment & Instrumentation - Progress Summary

Task 1 Progress SummaryTask 1 Progress Summary

Page 43: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Equipment & InstrumentsEquipment & Instruments– Plan & Progress..– Plan & Progress..

Equipment Total (k$)NEES Lab

ProjectNEES-Lab

(k$)Remarks

Laminar Box 0 Complete

18

Sand Storage Facility 0 CompleteSand Filling (Pumps & Hoses) Accessories - Hoist & Cables

3 2 1 Complete

Access way for sand storage Area 3 3 Nov. 30

Drainage Pipes 0.5 0.5 Nov. 30

Membrane (1) 6 6April. 30 (one available, one more needed)

Pipe Piles & Cap 6 6 TBD

CPT (& Readout Box?) 0 0 Need to TestInstrumentation: Soil

Soil: Accelerometers on Ring (34) 0 0 Available & okAccelerometers (28) in soil 5 5 16 available, 12 more

needed; All need to be water-sealed

Piezometers (54) 35 35 3mo lead time Mounting Frame for Displacement 0 0 Available

Potentiometers (40) 0 0 Available Junction box 0 0 Available

Data Acq. System (256 Channel) 0 0 Available Krypton Imager (1) 0 0 Available

MEMS Shape Cable 15 15TBD (est. 15k)

Instrumentation: Pile Strain Gauges 5 5

MEMS Shape Cable 10 10 TBD (est. 10k)

Other TBD

Total 155 2 99 55

40 tons available 120 tons (Nov/Dec)

Ottawa F-55 Sand (160tons) 18

Complete

Laminar Box-Strong Floor-Shaking 49 15 Design/Fabrication

3 x 200 kips Dynamic Actuators 0

34

Page 44: Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory Experimental and Micromechanical Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced

Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory

Open for Discussion by All Open for Discussion by All ResearchersResearchers