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STROKE

Presented By:

Katherine Adams

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Stroke• A stroke is a medical emergency in

which the blood supply to any portion of the brain is interrupted or reduced.

• Alternative names: Cerebrovascular accident/ disease (CVA), Cerebral infarction, Cerebral hemorrhage.

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EpidemiologyStroke is the third leading cause of death

in the United States.

Every year 600,000 people will suffer a new or recurrent stroke, and of those, 160,000 will die.

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The symptoms of a stroke are dependant on what portion of the brain is damage.

http://www.pdrhealth.com/patient_education/images/BHG01NE13F01.GIF

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SYMPTOMS

• Paralysis or weakness in the face, arms and/or legs.

• Confusion.

• Personality changes.

• Sudden change in eyesight.

• Decreased motor skills.

• Severe headaches

A sudden development of one or more of the following symptoms usually indicates a stroke.

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Types of stroke:

http://www.memorialhermann.org/library/healthguide/en-us/images/media/medical/hw/h5551195.jpg

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Tests• Computed Tomography (CT)• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)• Cerebral Angiography: identify responsible

blood vessel• Electrocardiogram (ECG): underlying heart

conditions• Echocardiogram: blood clot from heart• Carotid Duplex: carotid artery stenosis• Heart monitors, blood work and many more

tests!!

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Ischemic Stroke:• A blood vessel

becomes blocked and the blood supply to that part of your brain is blocked.

• Types of Ischemic strokes:– Thrombotic Stroke– Embolic Stroke

http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1014

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Treatments• Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can be

given within three hours from the onset of symptoms.

In addition to being used to treat strokes, the following can also be used as preventative measures.– Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets– Carotid Endarterectomy– Angioplasty/Stents

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Ischemic Stroke

http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/stroke/images/tumor.png

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CT MRI

http://www.strokecenter.org/education/ais_ct_tool/index.htm

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Hemorrhagic Stroke:

• A small blood vessel in the brain becomes weak and ruptures.

• Types of hemorrhagic stroke:– Intracerebral hemorrhage

(ICH)– Subarachnoid

hemorrhage

http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter2/images2/2-23l.jpg

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Treatment• Surgery is often required to remove

pooled blood from the brain and to repair damaged blood vessels.

Prevention:• An obstruction is introduced to prevent

rupture and bleeding of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVM).– Surgical Intervention– Endovascular Procedures

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Hemorrhagic Stroke

http://www.strokecenter.org/education/ais_ct_tool/index.htm

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Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

• Blood supply to the brain is only briefly interrupted

• Symptoms do not last long

• Warning Stroke- steps should be taken to prevent future stroke.

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RISKS• TIA• CAD• High Blood Pressure• High Cholesterol• Smoking• Heart Disease• Diabetes

• Excessive alcohol consumption

• Family History• Age• Sex• Race• Obesity

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Prevention• Control high Blood Pressure• Lower cholesterol• Quit smoking• Control diabetes• Maintain healthy weight• Exercise• Manage stress• Eat a healthy diet

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Prognosis• The results of a stroke vary depending

on the size and location, the presence of any associated medical problems, and the likelihood of recurring strokes.

• Dysfunctions correspond to the area in the brain that had been damaged.

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ReferencesAcute and Preventative Treatments. (2007). American Stroke

Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2532

Diagnosis. (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2552

Diagnosis (2007) Society Of Interventional Radiology. Retrieved March 4, 2007 from http://www.sirweb.org/patpub/strokediagnosis.shtml

Impact of Stroke. (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1033

Neurological Diagnostic Tests and Procedures. (2006) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved March 4,2007 fromhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/misc/diagnostic_tests.html

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ReferencesStroke (2006) Mayo Clinic. Retrieved March 4,2007 from

http://www://mayoclinic.com/health/stroke/DS00150Stroke. (2005) Medline Plus. Retrieved March 4,2007 from

http://www.nim.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/00726.htmStroke Prevention & Treatments (2007) Society Of Interventional

Radiology. Retrieved March 4, 2007 from http://www.sirweb.org/patpub/stroketreatments.shtml

Stroke (2007) Wikipedia. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stroke

Transient Ischemic Attack Information Page (2006) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tia/tia.html

What are the Types Of Stroke? (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1014