strength electromagnet - harrisonhawks magnetic attraction... · without electromagnets our world...

1/3/2021 theeditedMarekCrane-2020ScienceFairREPORT-GoogleDocs

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PX4ccgvSfr0D5OVXHHpeU6iwit9jH04uIKiYlQErj5k/edit# 1/17

Electromagnet

Strength

1109



ElectromagnetStrength StudentID#1109 Page2

TableofContents

ProjectAbstract.…........................................................................................pg.3

Question/Problem&Hypothesis……………………………………………….pg.4

BackgroundResearch.…………………………………………………………...pg.4

ExperimentMaterials……………………………………………………………..pg.7

ExperimentProcedures…………………………………………………………..pg.8

ExperimentVariables.…………………………………………………………….pg.8

DataTable…………...…………………………………………………………….pg.9

Analysis………..…………….……………………………………………………..pg.9

AnalysisGraphs/Charts…………………………………………………………..pg.10

Conclusion…………..……………………………………………………………..pg.11

BiblicalPrinciple.…………………………………………………………………..pg.12

Appendix(photographs,etc.).…………………………………………………….pg.13

Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..pg.1417




Abstract

Thepurposeoftheprojectistoseehowthestrengthofanelectromagnetis

affectedbytheturnsofthecoilaroundthecore.Thehypothesisisthatthemorecoilsin

theelectromagnet,thestrongeritwillget.Thisexperimentwasdonebyusingcopper

wire,largenails,ducktape,paper,pencil,paperclipsandaDbattery.Thefirstattempt

toattachtheelectromagnet’scopperwiretoa9voltbatterydidnotcreateamagnetic

field.Sincethe9voltbatterydidnotwork,asizeDbatterywassubstituted,whichwas

successfulandamagneticfieldwasgenerated.Itwasobservedthatthemorecoilsof

wireusedintheelectromagnetthemorepowerfultheelectromagnetbecameandthe

morepaperclipswereattractedtothenail.




Questions&Hypothesis

Myprimaryquestionis:Howtomakeanelectromagnetstronger?

Myhypothesisis:Iftherearemoreturnsinanelectromagnetcoil,thenitwill

becomemorepowerfulandattractmorematerial.

BackgroundResearch

Theelectromagnetwasinventedin1824byWilliamSturgeon.Sturgeonwasa

physicistthatcreatedmanyusefulinventions.Forexample,hewrappedsomecopper

wirearoundahorseshoeshapedpieceofironandsentelectricalenergythroughitto

createamagneticfield(EncyclopediaBritannica,2020).Thiswasthefirstknown

electromagnet.Whenanelectromagnet’scoilhasnothinginbetweenthecoilsitis

calledanaircorecoil(Butlerwinding,2020).Today,electromagnetsareineveryday

objectsliketoasters,refrigerators,computers,iPads,clocks,phones,ovens,printers,

robots,airplanes,boats,cars,radios,coffeemachines,andmanyothercommon

devices.

Manymetalsaremagneticandcanbeusedtomakeanelectromagnet.Ironis

thebestcorematerialtouseforanelectromagnet(MetalMarket,2020).Othermetals

thatarealsomagneticincludesteel,zincandnickel.Nonferrousmetalslikealuminum,

copperandgoldarenotmagnetic(Bitsite,2020).Electromagnetsneedspecificmetals

tomakethemworkcorrectly.




TheEarthisagiantelectromagnetbecauseelectriccurrentsgothroughthe

earth’scoreandradiatebackupthetwopoles.ThecenteroftheEarthismainly

liquidizedironwhichformsapatternfromtheheat(NASA,2020).Thispatterncalled

geodynamoiswhatcausestheEarthtohavemagneticproperties.However,theearthis

notconsideredtobeastrongmagnet.TheEarth’smagneticfieldhelpstoprevent

disasterssuchassolarstorms(NASA,2020).TheEarth’smagneticfieldisimportantto

usforsurvival.

Thepolesinanelectromagnetcanbereversedwithoutmovingthemagnet.

Reversingtheelectriccurrentorthedirectionthattheelectricitypassesthroughthe

magnetcausesthepolestobereversed(NASA,2020).Iftwoelectromagneticwaves

collide,thebalanceofelectricandmagneticenergywillbeoffbalance.Accordingto

NASA,theEarth’spolesareslowlyreversingwhichwilleventuallycausecatastrophic

changes.Thelasttimethishappenedwasover700,000yearsago(NASA,2020)

Therearethreetypesofelectromagnets:resistive,superconductor,andhybrid.

Resistiveelectromagnetsusecopperwirestoproduceaweakmagneticfield.

Superconductorelectromagnetsuseelectricitythroughacopperplatetomakeverycold

temperatures.Superconductorsaremuchstrongerthanresistiveelectromagnets.

Hybridsareacombinationofbothresistiveandsuperconductormagnets(IMA

International,2020).

Permanentmagnetswilllose1%ofitsmagneticstrengthoveraperiodof10

years.Itwilltakeabout1000yearstoloseallofitsmagnetism.Theworld’ssmallest




magnetscangenerateupto45.5teslas.Oneteslaisequalto10,000gauss.A

refrigeratormagnetisabout10gaussor0.00005tesla(Sciencing,2017).

MRIormagneticresonanceimagingispossiblebecauseofaverystrong

electromagnet(HowStuffWorks,2020).Thistypeofelectromagnetis0.5to3teslain

strength.MRImachinesareusedtodiagnosemanytypesofillnesses.Thisisdoneby

imagingtheorgansandtissuesofthehumanbody.TheMRIusesthemagneticpulseto

aligntheprotonsinaperson’sbody.Thenitmoves90180degreesanddetectsthe

changesintheprotonstodecipherifitsbone,tissueorotherorgans(HowStuffWorks,

2020).MRIshavehelpedtosavemanyhumanlives.

Thereareadverseeffectsassociatedwithelectromagneticfields.Theyinclude

headaches,anxiety,suicide,depression,andfatiguetomentionafew(WHO,nodate).

Newelectromagnetsarealsofoundinmanyhouseholddevices.Prettymucheverything

connectedtoanelectricaloutlethasanelectromagnet.Thisincludestoasters,

refrigeratorsandwashers.Electromagnetsimpactusinmanyways.

Automobileshavemanyelectromagnetstohelpthemfunctionproperly.

Automaticlocksareoneexampleofelectromagnetsusedinacar.Theradioalso

containsanelectromagnet.Electriccarsdependonmoreelectromagnetsthanagas

poweredcar.Theelectriccaruseselectromagneticmotorsand“regenerativebraking”

tohelppropelandstopthem(ItStillRuns,2020).So,carsareanexcellentexampleof

electromagnetsweencountereveryday.

Ebombsareanexampleofdestructiveelectromagnets.Thesearebombsthat

usemagneticwavesalsoknownasEMP(electromagneticpulses)toshutdownor




destroyyourphoneoranydevicethatuseselectricity.Deviceswithoutprotectionto

Ebombswillbedisabledordestroyed.TherearetwotypesofEbombs,nuclearand

nonnuclear.AnexampleofanuclearEbombwasthehydrogenbombthatwas

detonatedoverthePacificoceanandcausedstreetlightsandradiosformanymany

milestomalfunction.AnexampleofanonnuclearEbombisafluxcompression

generatorbombwhichwascreatedinthe1950s(HowStuffWorks,2020).Thistypeof

bombwouldaffectasmallareaandcauseseriousdamage.Ebombsareextremely

dangerous.

Therearegoodusesandbadusesofelectromagnets.Therearemanywaysto

makeelectromagnets.Theworldarounduswouldnotbethesamewithout

electromagnets.BaddevicessuchastheEbombcancausemuchdestruction.Some

electromagnetssuchastheMRIandthedevicesincarshelpusliveabetterlife.

Withoutelectromagnetsourworldwouldbeentirelydifferent.

Electromagnetscomeinmanyvarieties.Thisprojectwillfocusonhowthe

strengthofasimpleelectromagnetcanbealteredtohavedifferentoutcomes.

Experiment

MaterialsList

● 2batteries(9volt,Dbatteries)

● 3feetofcopperwire

● 1rolloftape(DuckTape)

● 1blackSharpie

● 3ironnails




● 40paperclips

● Plasticbowl

Procedure

1. Getthematerials

2. SetupthematerialsforElectromagnet1.

3. Coilthewire10timesaroundthenailtocreateElectromagnet1.

4. Attachthewiretothebatteryandusethetapeandsharpietolabelit

Electromagnet1.

5. PlacethepaperclipsinabowlandtestElectromagnet1.

6. Countandrecordthenumberofpaperclipsattachedtotheelectromagnet.

7. Repeattheexperiment5timeswiththeelectromagnet.

8. Repeattheexperimentbutincreasethenumberofcoils(Electromagnet2with20

coils,Electromagnet3with30coils,andElectromagnet4with60coils).

Variables

1) DEPENDENT/RESPONDINGMagnetismstrength

2) INDEPENDENT/MANIPULATEDCoilsinwire

3) CONSTANTSThebatteryandthenail




DataCollection

Analysis

Afterconductingtheelectromagneticexperiment,thedatashowsthatthemore

copperwirethatiscoiledaroundthenail,thestrongerthemagneticfieldisgeneratedto

pickupincreasingnumbersofpaperclips.Theaveragepaperclipspickedupbythe10

coilelectromagnetwas7.4.Theaveragepaperclipspickedupbythe20coil

electromagnetwas8.4,asmallincrease.Theaveragepaperclipspickedupbythe30

coilelectromagnetwas14.8andtheaveragepaperclipspickedupbythe60coil

electromagnetwas24.2paperclips.

Whilecomparingthedifferencebetweentenandtwentycoils,therewasnota

significantdifferenceinthenumberofpaperclipsthatwerepickedup.However,there

wasasignificantincreaseinthenumberofpaperclipsthatwerepickedupbythenail

withthirtycoils.Thedifferencebetweenthetencoilsandthetwentycoilswasonly1.4.

Thedifferencebetweenthetwentyandthirtycoilswas6.4showingasignificant

10Coils 20Coils 30Coils 60coils

Trial1 7 7 17 20

Trail2 6 9 17 21

Trail3 6 6 14 24

Triail4 9 9 11 29

Trial5 9 11 15 27

Average 7.4 8.4 14.8 24.2




increasecomparedtotheothers.Thebiggestdifferencewasseenbetweenthe

averagesofthethirtyandthesixtycoilelectromagnets,whichwas9.4paperclips.

Thefirstattempttoattachthecopperwiretoa9voltbatterydidnotcreatea

strongenoughmagneticfield.SothebatterywaschangedtoasizeDbattery.This

changewassuccessfulandamagneticfieldwasgenerated.Itwasnoticedthatthesize

ofthenailmayhaveimpactedtheneedforalargerbatterytoelectrifythecore.

Thetrialsperformedontheelectromagnetswithmorecoilsseemedtobemore

successfulduetothelargeramountofcoils.Thisalsocouldhavebeenimpactedbythe

factthattechniquewasimprovedfurtherintheexperiment.Scanningthepileof

paperclipsbecameeasierastheexperimentprogressed.




Analysis:ElectromagnetDataandResults




Conclusion

Thehypothesiswasthemoreturnsinthecoilofwireonanail,thestrongerthe

electromagnetwillget.Thisissupportedbythefactthatthetencoilelectromagnet

pickedupfewerpaperclipsthanthetwentycoiledone.Itisalsosupportedbythefact

thatthe20coilandthe30coilhaveadifferenceof6.4intheaverageofpaperclips

attractedbythemagnets.Thelargestaveragedifferenceof9.4paperclipswasseenin

thecomparisonofthe30coilandthe60coilelectromagnets.

Thesmalldifferencebetweenthe10and20coilswasalittlesurprising.This

couldhavebeenduetothefactthatitwasatthebeginningoftheexperimentandthe

techniquewasnotquiteperfected.Italsocouldhavebeendifferentifthenumberof

trialswasincreased.

Couldthemagneticfieldvarybythetypeofbattery?Itispositivelysupported

becausetheexperimentdidnotworkwiththe9voltbattery.Italsocouldbeaffectedby

thesizeofthecore,meaningthesizeofthenailusedinthisexperiment.

Couldthestrengthofthemagneticfieldchange?Itisalsopositivelysupportedby

thefactthatthemoretimesthecopperwireiswrappedaroundthenail,thestrongerthe

magneticfieldappearstobe.Itwouldbeinterestingtotrythisexperimentwithdifferent

sizenailsandbatteries.




BiblicalPrinciple

MyBibleverseforthesciencefairisMatthew28:18:“ThenJesusapproached

andsaidtothem‘Allthepowerinheavenandonearthhasbeengiventome.’”This

relatestotheprojectbecauseJesuswaslikeamagnetandgettingallthepowerfrom

heavenandearth.Italsorelatestotheprojectbytellingusthatanythingispossiblelike

buildinganelectromagnet.WhenJesushadthatpower,heattractedallthatsinand

sentittotheunderworld.Withthat,healsoattractedalltheforgivenessandsentitto

theworld.Withthat,itshowshowtheprojectandthebibleversearerelated.

StudentLearningExpectations

TheSLEfortheprojectisA2:skilledproblemsolversthatutilizecriticaland

creativethinkingskills.TheprojectshowedthisSLEbyshowingcreativenesswiththe

electromagnetsandtheirdesign.Problemsolvingskillsweredemonstratedbyfixingthe

batteryproblembyreplacingthe9voltbatterywithamorepowerfulDsizebattery.The

SLEwasalsomasteredbythecreativityofthegraphtypesandchangingamountof

twistsofthewire.Italsowasmasteredbyfiguringouthowtosettheexperimentupso

thattheelectromagnetwasattachedtotheheadofthenailmakingtheexperimentrun

smoother.ThisSLEhasbeenmastered.




Appendix




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www.nationalmaglab.org/education/magnetacademy/learnthebasics/stories/ma

gnetsfromminitomighty

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www.britannica.com/biography/WilliamSturgeon




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