straw oboe pitch - ligo lab | caltech | mit

1 The Straw Oboe Determine the frequency of a straw A math and science activity Materials: Scissors, ruler, tape, straws Making your straw oboe: Use your teeth or fingers to flatten about 2 cm at one end of the straw. Cut two, small, angular cuts on each side of the flattened end. It looks like a ducks beak and is called a reed. To do and notice: Put the reed end of the straw in your mouth. Position the reed just inside your lips and apply light pressure on the straw. Blow through the straw, you should feel the reed vibrating on your lips. You may need to make adjustments with the straw to make the sound. Try making a single pitch when blowing through the straws. Explore: Cut several different lengths of straw; remember to cut the reed on each one. Blow through each one and notice the different sounds. What is the relationship between the length of the straw and the sound you hear? Calculating the frequency of your straws. Part 1 1. Measure the length of your straw in centimeters and convert to meters. Ex: 23.3 cm = .233 m (length) 2. We have already measured the speed of sound – Activity – Sound travels. The speed of sound = distance / time. 3. Divide the speed of sound by the length. (330-345m/s) 4. Example: 345 m/s ÷ .233m = 1480 vibrations per second, or Hertz.

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Page 1: Straw Oboe pitch - LIGO Lab | Caltech | MIT

TheStrawOboeDeterminethefrequencyofastraw

AmathandscienceactivityMaterials:Scissors,ruler,tape,strawsMakingyourstrawoboe:Useyourteethorfingerstoflattenabout2cmatoneendofthestraw.Cuttwo,small,angularcutsoneachsideoftheflattenedend.Itlookslikeaducksbeakandiscalledareed.

Todoandnotice:Putthereedendofthestrawinyourmouth.Positionthereedjustinsideyourlipsandapplylightpressureonthestraw.Blowthroughthestraw,youshouldfeelthereedvibratingonyourlips.Youmayneedtomakeadjustmentswiththestrawtomakethesound.Trymakingasinglepitchwhenblowingthroughthestraws.Explore:Cutseveraldifferentlengthsofstraw;remembertocutthereedoneachone.Blowthrougheachoneandnoticethedifferentsounds.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthelengthofthestrawandthesoundyouhear?

Calculatingthefrequencyofyourstraws.Part1

1. Measurethelengthofyourstrawincentimetersandconverttometers.Ex:23.3cm=.233m(length)

2. Wehavealreadymeasuredthespeedofsound–Activity–Soundtravels.Thespeedofsound=distance/time.

3. Dividethespeedofsoundbythelength.(330-345m/s)4. Example:345m/s÷.233m=1480vibrationspersecond,orHertz.

Page 2: Straw Oboe pitch - LIGO Lab | Caltech | MIT

TablePart1

Calculatingthefrequencyofstraws.

Makestrawoboesthataredouble,half,quarterlengthsofoneofthestrawoboesusedinPart1.Measureeachoneandcompletethetablebelow.

TablePart2Note Frequency(Hz) Wavelength(cm) Speedofsound~345m/s Usingthechartprovided“PhysicsofMusic–Notes”findthemusicalnoteforeachofthestrawoboes.Eachofthestrawsshouldbeanoctaveofthefirstlength.Whenthelengthisdoubledorcutinhalfitisstillthesamenote,justanoctavehigherorlowerinpitch.Yourstrawoboesfrequencymaynotbeexactlythesameasthechart,findthefrequencythatistheclosest.What’sgoingon?Firstofall,whatissound?Thevibrationofobjectsproducessounds.Thepushandpullonairmolecules,changestheairpressure.Pushesarecompressingairandpullsareseparatingair,rarefactions.Whenyoublowintothereedandgetitvibrating,yousendpulsesofcompressedairdownthestraw,causingtheairinthestrawtostartvibratingtoo.Affectedbythelengthofthestraw,thisvibratingairinturnaffectsthereed’svibrations.Whenthereedvibratesatjusttherightfrequency,theairinthestrawvibratespowerfullyandyouhearaloud

Note Frequency(Hz) Wavelength(cm) Speedofsound~345m/s

Page 3: Straw Oboe pitch - LIGO Lab | Caltech | MIT

sound,sortoflikeanoboe.Whenthelengthofthestrawchangesthesoundorpitchchanges.Pitchishowhighorlowasoundisperceived.Wemade4differentlengthstrawswithdifferentpitches.Thelongerthestrawthelowerthepitch–theshorterthestrawthehigherthepitch.LIGOconnection:NoiseisLIGO’sbiggestchallenge.Soundisavibration.Vibrationsareallaroundus.Somewecanhearandfeel,otherwecannot.Earthquakesfromallovertheworld,wavescrashingonshoresandwindspushingonbuildingsandtrees,allmovethegroundunderneathLIGO.LIGOisthemostsensitivemeasuringdeviceintheworldandisaffectbyallofthesenoises.Formoreideasandinformationvisitthefollowingwebsite:ScienceBuddiesStaff.“Do-Re-MiwithStraws”ScienceBuddies.ScienceBuddies,7May2015.Web.6June2017http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Music_p016.shtmlKathyHolt–June6,[email protected]

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