I J I T E • ISSN: 2229-73673(1-2), 2012, pp. 281-286

STRATEGY PATTERN: PAYMENT PATTERN FORINTERNET BANKING

1A. MEIAPPANE, 2J. PRABAVADHI AND 3V. PRASANNA VENKATESAN1Research Scholar, 3Associate Professor, Pondicherry University, Puducherry

2PG Student, Department of CSE, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, PuducherryE-mails: 1auromei@yahoo.com, 2it_praba@yahoo.co.in, 3prasanna_v@yahoo.com

Abstract: This paper brings out the design patterns according to the various services involved in internet banking.The Pattern oriented Software Architecture uses the pattern which eliminates the difficulty of reusability in a particularcontext. The patterns are to be designed using BPM (Business Process Model) for effective cross cutting on processlevel. For implementing the above said BPM, the Internet banking has been taken to implement the pattern into it.The Analysis and identification of various processes in Internet Banking have been done, to identify the effectivecross cutting features. With this process the pattern has been designed, as a reusability component to be used by theSoftware Architect. The pattern help us to resolve recurring problems constructively and based on proven solutionsand also support us in understanding the architecture of a given software system. Once the model is finalized byanalyzing, we found payment in the process of internet banking has a strategy pattern.Keywords: Pattern, Pattern Oriented Software Architecture, Business Process Modeling.

1. INTRODUCTIONIn software engineering, a design pattern is ageneral reusable solution to a commonlyoccurring problem within a given context insoftware design. A design pattern is not a finisheddesign that can be transformed directly into code.It is a description or template for how to solve aproblem that can be used in many differentsituations and it is also called as a blue-print ofhow to solve a problem. It is used to determineimplementation faster and make code morereadable to other programmers the design patternis divided into three types: creational, structural,and behavioral. Creational patterns create objectsfor you rather than having you instantiate objectsdirectly. This gives your program more flexibilityin deciding which objects need to be created for agiven case. Structural patterns help you composegroups of objects into larger structures, such ascomplex user interfaces or accounting data.Behavioral patterns help you define thecommunication between objects in your systemand how the flow is controlled in a complexprogram. [14]

The Strategy pattern has been concentratedhere which is a behavioral pattern. The strategypattern is defining a family of algorithms,encapsulate each one, and make theminterchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithm varyindependently from the clients that use it.

1.1. Software ArchitectureSoftware architecture is the fundamentalorganization of a system, embodied in its

Figure 1: Structure of Strategy Pattern

282 A. Meiappane, J. Prabavadhi and V. Prasanna Venkatesan

components, their relationships to each other andto the environment, and the principles guidingits design and evolution.

1.2. PatternsA particular recurring design problem that arisesin specific design contexts, and presents a well-proven generic scheme for its solution. Thesolution scheme is specified by describing itsconstituent components, their responsibilities andrelationships, and the ways in which theycollaborate. Each pattern is a three-part rule,which expresses a relation between a certaincontext, a problem and a solution. Patterns canbe applied to many different areas of humanendeavor, including software development. [14]

1.3. Architectural PatternIt is Standard design and it Express a fundamentalstructural organization for software system andprovide set of predefined sub system and includesrules and guidelines for organizing therelationships between them.

1.4. Usage of patterns• Comprehend existing systems; customize

systems to fit user needs; and construct newsystems.

• Identify and specify higher level abstractions• Reinforce an architectural view of the system• Explicitly address non-functional properties• High availability and minimization of

business risk• They help in the construction of complex and

heterogeneous software architectures• They help to manage complexity

2. LITERATURE SURVEYOpportunistic Linking is a pattern used inshopping websites quite similar to Advising,when applying this pattern it is advising thecustomer. However, the intent is different. Whileopportunistic linking tries to keep the user insidethe store by giving him new ideas to buy,Advising helps him choose what he wants. [1]

The crosscutting concern problem causes thecode related to a concern to be scattered across

the program, and often tangled with the coderelated to other concerns. Several studies indicatethat modularizing crosscutting concernsimproves software quality, providing indirectproof that crosscutting hurts modularity.Unfortunately, there is little guidance for findingcrosscutting concerns, and determining when itis profitable to modularize them. Before we cango about reducing crosscutting code to improvemodularity, we must first determine what theconcerns of the program are (concern identification)and where they manifest in the program text. Onlythen can we classify the concerns as crosscuttingor no crosscutting. [2]

Two patterns for the infrastructure needed tobuild a web shop are the Catalog pattern and theShopping Process pattern. The Catalog patternorganizes information about products in anefficient and flexible way. It also providesmechanisms to help customers make decisions.The goal of the Shopping Process pattern is tosimplify the shopping process and to improve theefficiency and convenience of the buying Process.[4]

The development of the component basedtechniques has reached a certain maturity. Theobjective is to replace the traditional steps ofdevelopment by two types of complementaryprocesses: “design for reuse” and “design byreuse”. In this context, this work lies within thescope of the “design by reuse” process. Theencountered problem during the reuse is to findthe best components which will be able to respondto the arising problem. Certainly, there are toolsallowing a simple administration of thecomponents but they showed certain limits sincethey did not take into account the user profile inthe retrieval process. [5]

BPM is as a case-based workflow solution tosupport business processes, it can exposeunderlying complex business processes as well-defined interface and consume other businessprocesses, service providers. BPM can supporthuman to system, system to system, system tohuman or human to human interactions. [6]

As the electronic commerce (Be) activitiesbecome more and more diverse, it is very criticalto provide the right information to the rightcustomers. In EC environment, how to find the

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association rules among purchased items is veryimportant. If this kind of information is providedto the web site manager, the performance of cross-selling should be improved. However, the website managers may also pay attention to thenavigation behaviors of customers. Associationrule mining just purely considered the purchasingbehaviors of customers and the managers’requirements. Therefore, it is very important tosimultaneously consider the navigation behaviorsand purchasing behaviors of customers, that is,combine the web traversal patterns andassociation rules to provide more information forthe web site managers. The combinations of webtraversal patterns and association rules are calledweb transaction patterns. In the following, wedescribe the definitions about web traversalpatterns and web transaction patterns. [7]

Mining patterns are used in different aspectsof Web applications such as their navigationtopology, their interfaces. Some patterns arespecific to particular application fields like e-commerce. In all cases, the web patterns are moresimilar to Alexandrian patterns than to patternsas they are not described as collaboration amongobjects but as navigable design structures. Thecontext in which we mined these patterns is theObject-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method(OOHDM) approach [Schwabe98] though theycan be obviously used with other methods. InOOHDM a Web application is conceived as ahypermedia view on an object model. This viewcomprises nodes (the objects that the user willnavigate), links that conform the navigationtopology, navigation contexts that represent setsto be navigated sequentially and different kindsof indexes. As with object-oriented patterns,hypermedia (and Web) patterns go beyond thenaive use of the basic theoretical concepts.These patterns indicate how to build usablehypermedia topologies by creating elaboratedstructures. [8]

Survey using questionnaire about thecustomer utilization of services, internet websites:www.rbi.org.in,banknetindia.com. The surveydata provided the needed input for theclassification of the services required by users ofdifferent age group and different occupationgroups. [9]

Patterns are reusable designs which can beused in other similar applications. Online sharetrading mainly deals with selling and buying ofshares electronically. Online share trading iscategorized into two types. One deals with theequity trading and the other deals with theoptions trading. Our focus is on equity trading.A pattern language is a set of related patterns ina specific domain. These patterns are useful to thedevelopers while analyzing such systems. Asoftware design pattern identifies a recurringproblem and a solution describing them in aparticular context to help developers understandhow to create an appropriate solution [10].

Elements in the source are related to elementsin the target. We use the term pattern as in designpatterns, in the sense of being a generaldescription of frequently encountered situations.Phrases as “one thing with respect to anotherthing”. Some examples of source and targetelements in the crosscutting pattern are thefollowing: concern x module, concern xrequirement, concern x architectural element,requirement x module, concern x implementationelement. There is a mapping between sourceelements and target elements. The termscrosscutting, tangling and scattering are definedas special cases of these mappings. On one handthere is a relation or mapping between sourceelements and target elements. The mapping hasa multiplicity. It could be 1:1 or 1: many. In caseof 1: many mappings we have scattering, definedas follows: Scattering occurs when, in a mappingbetween source and target, a source element isrelated to multiple target elements. [11]

The good security and trust will ultimatelyincrease the use of electronic commerce. In thispaper, examine issues related to e-paymentsecurity from the viewpoint of customers. Thisstudy proposes a conceptual model thatdelineates the determinants of consumers’perceived security and perceived trust, as wellas the effects of perceived security and perceivedtrust on the use of e payment systems. To testthe model, structural equation modeling isemployed to analyze data collected from 219respondents in Korea. This research provides atheoretical foundation for academics and alsopractical guidelines for service providers in

284 A. Meiappane, J. Prabavadhi and V. Prasanna Venkatesan

dealing with the security aspects of e-paymentsystems. [12]

Multi-factor authentication involves the useof more than one mode in authenticationprocesses and is typically employed to increasesecurity compared to a fixed password(knowledge-based mode). This researchcompared three different e Bankingauthentication processes, a two-layer password(1-factor) method and two alternative 2-factorsolutions. The 2-factor processes used One-Time-Pass codes (OTPs) delivered either via a small,single-use device or by text message to a mobilephone. The three authentication methods werecompared in a repeated-measures experimentwith 141 participants. Three user groups werebalanced in the experiment to investigate theeffect of experience (current users of the service)on perceptions of usability. Majority of theparticipant sample perceived the 1-factor methodthey had most experience with as being the mostsecure and most convenient option. [13]

3. PATTERN MININGPattern mining is same as the data mining. Miningthe pattern in internet banking by using the BPM(See Fig. 2). It is used to representing processinvolved in internet banking and is used toanalyze the process then apply the crosscuttingconcerns approach in this model. The crosscuttingconcerns are the Aspect of program which affectsthe other concern. These concerns often cannotbe cleanly decomposed from the rest of the systemin both design and implementation and can theresult in either scattering, tangling. Thecrosscutting concern is used to improve themodularity of the system.

In internet bank has lots of services and weanalysis this services and find the crosscutting inthe process level. The services are the account,Third party transfer, bill payment, credit card,debit card, Mutual fund.

Use of the crosscutting concern we found thepayment pattern. The different types of paymentavailable in the internet banking, we analysis theservices and find the crosscutting in payment .Thedifferent types of payment is utility bill paymentand credit card bill payment. We put theseservices under the payment pattern and this

pattern is like the strategy design pattern. Thepattern is used to increase the reusability andreduce the number of code and easily add newservices to the internet bank with the smallmodification.

4. PATTERN CONSTRUCTIONA pattern for software architecture describes aparticular recurring design problem that arises inspecific design contexts and presents a well-proven generic scheme for its solution. Thesolution scheme is specified by describing itsconstituent components, their responsibilities andrelationships, and the ways in which theycollaborate.”

Each pattern is a three-part rule, whichexpresses a relation between a certain context, acertain system of forces which occurs repeatedlyin that context, and a certain softwareconfiguration which allows these forces to resolvethemselves. Context section describes thesituation in which the design problem arises.Problem section describes the problem that arisesrepeatedly in the context. And finally, solutionsection describes a proven solution to theproblem.

Mining the payment pattern for internetbanking. This pattern is like the strategy pattern.The pattern is constructed by using theelements are Name, Intent, Problem, and Solution(see Fig. 3).

The classes or object participating in thispattern are strategy is payment, it is used todeclare an interface common to all supportedalgorithm. Client or customer uses this interfaceto call the algorithm defined by the concretepayment class. The concrete payment classes arecredit card and utility bill payment. These classesimplement the algorithm using the paymentinterface. Context is the client. it is configuredwith concrete payment object, maintains areference to a strategy object and may define aninterface that lets strategy access its data.

Payment PatternIntent: This pattern is used to pay money throughonline by choosing algorithm from family ofalgorithm at run time easily.

Strategy Pattern: Payment Pattern for Internet Banking 285

Problem: how the customer can easily choosethe algorithm for money payment in internetbanking.

Solution: for paying money through theinternet banking, different types of paymentmethod are used to pay money through internetbanking such as credit card bill payment, Billpayment. Based on the customer needs they canchoose any types of payment to pay bill or moneythrough internet and they can be usedinterchangeably.

on ways to solve usual problem. They providehints to the Web application designer in order tomake these applications more usable and effectiveboth from the point of customers and designer ofweb application. These patterns help to improvethe design and reusability. Further the researchis proceeded on mining some more patterns forinternet banking which will be a reusablecomponent for internet Banking at a particularcontext.

References[1] Gustavo Rossi, Fernando Lyardet, Daniel Schwabe

“Patterns for E-commerce applications”, EuroPlop 2001.[2] Marc Eaddy, Alfred Aho, “Identifying, Assigning, and

Quantifying Crosscutting Concerns” ICSE WorkshopsACoM ‘2007.

[3] Yue-Shi Lee, Show-Jane Yen, Chia-1llji Wang, “Miningbrowsing and purchasing behaviors of web users”,Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference onMachine Learning and Cybernetics, Qingdao, 11-14 July2010.

[4] Eduardo B. Fernandez, Yi Liu, and RouYi Pan, “Patternsfor Internet shops”, PLoP 2001 Conference.

[5] Hassania OUCHETTO, Ounsa ROUDIES, MouniaFREDJ,” Towards process patterns for a componentretrieval system integrating the user profile”, 978-1-4244-3806-8/09/$25.00 © 2009 IEEE.

[6] Jianguang Sun, Yan Chen,” Building a CommonEnterprise Technical Architecture for an UniversalBank”, 978-1-4244-5326-9/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE.

[7] Juan Danculovic *, Gustavo Rossi *, Daniel Schwabe **,Leonardo Miaton *,” Patterns for Personalized WebApplications”, EuroPLoPUVK - UniversitaetsverlagKonstanz (2001), p. 423-436.

[8] A. Meiappane, K. Gideon and Dr. V. PrasannaVenkatesan,” Adaptive Framework of the InternetBanking Services based on Customer Classification” ,International Conference on Advances in Engg and Tech,(ICAET-2011).

[9] Jayadev Gyani, P.R.K. Murthi, “A Pattern Language forOnline Share Trading” EuroPlop 2005.

[10] Klaas van den Berg1 and José María Conejero2,1TreseGroup, University of Twente, k.g.vandenberg@ewi.utwente.nl,2 Quercus SoftwareEngineering Group, University of Extremadurachemacm@unex.es,” A Conceptual Formalization ofCrosscutting in AOSD” 2005.

[11] Changsu Kim a,1, Wang Tao a,2, Namchul Shin b,*, Ki-Soo Kim a,2,” An empirical study of customers’perceptions of security and trust in e-payment systems”,Electronic Commerce Research and Applications 9(2010) 84–95.

[12] Catherine S. Weir a,*, Gary Douglas a, Tim Richardsonb, Mervyn Jack a,” User Preferences for Authentication

Figure 2: Business Process Model for Internet Banking

Figure 3: Strategy Pattern for Payment

5. CONCLUSIONSThe strategy pattern for internet banking has beenpresented over here. These patterns focus mainly

286 A. Meiappane, J. Prabavadhi and V. Prasanna Venkatesan

Methods in e Banking and the Effects of Experience”,Interacting with Computers 22 (2010), 153–164.

[13] Xiaohong Yuan1 and Eduardo B. Fernandez2, “Patternsfor Business-To-Consumer Ecommerce Applications”,International Journal of Software Engineering &Applications (IJSEA), 2(3), 2011.

[14] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and JohnVlissides “Design Pattern-Element of reusable ObjectOriented Software”, Addison-Wesley Professional,1994.