strategies to improve control & stability of the bulk...
TRANSCRIPT
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 1
Strategies to Improve Control & Stability of the Bulk Power System FACTS, HVDC and Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control
Le Tang, ABB
May 30, 2013
Bulk power system control objectives
System stability
Load balancing
Frequency and voltage control
Security
Continuity of service under disturbance, equipment outages
Economy
Economic utilization of resources, efficient market
Sustainability
Maximum utilization of renewable energy
Cyber-physical security
Resilience to cyber-physical attacks, intrusion prevention
detection, self defense
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 2
Requirements for effective control Situational awareness – Knowing what’s going on
Sensing technology/Communication technology
Data analytics/ Information presentation technology
Decision technology – Able to find the control strategy to get the best results fast
Forecasting
Control and optimization
Threat detection and mitigation
System modeling, performance prediction, and faster than real time simulation
Controllable equipment – have the means to effect change (often ignored)
Able to change power flow pattern
Able to shift power over time
Able to integrate renewable supplies and consumer productions
Able to modulate supply and demand at high speed
Enabling technologies Real time SCADA
PMU, WAMS, and WAMAPC
IT and OT integration and big data handling
Power Electronics based Actuators
FACTS, HVDC, and other VSC based applications
Power flow control, stability control, voltage support, oscillation control,
loss reduction
Demand response
Demand side management
Time of use pricing/ Real time pricing
Energy storage
BESS, CAES, Flywheel ES, SMES,TESS,…,
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 5
HVDC/FACTS/WAMPC Boosts and Optimizes Transfer Capability
SC
TCSC
SVC
SVC Light
PST
sin ) ( 2 1
12
2 1
X
V V P d d - =
= ~
~ =
+ PHVDC
HVDC/HVDC Light
Other VSC Apps
Power Flow
Dynaflow
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 6
Smart Grids call for new control & protection paradigms
Future:
• Multi-terminal links
• Multi-taps (“power highway exits”)
• Evolving from point-to-point
towards overlay DC grids
• Mixed AC / DC grids
Tianjin
China
Statnett
wind-energy-the-facts.org mainstreamrp.com pepei.pennnet.com
Statnett
wikipedia/desertec
claverton-energy.com
Desertec-australia.org
WAMS: A huge improvement potential for control with needed actuators (FACTS, HVDC etc.) Market scenario
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 7
Demand for WAMS
Traditional Grids Good monitoring already existed Centralized power generation One-directional power flow Generation follows load Operation based on historical
experience Limited grid accessibility for new
producers
Industry Challenges Need for more electricity Emissions reduction Renewable energy Optimal use of ageing assets Ensure reliability of supply Energy efficiency and security
Future Grids Decentralized and distributed power
generation Intermittent renewable power generation Consumers become also producers Multi-directional power flow Load adapted to production Operation based more on real-time data FACTS (SVC, TCSC, etc.), HVDC
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 8
System Interoperability and IEC 61850
DER, PV, …
Hydro Power Plant
Wind Power Plant
IEC 61850-7-410
IEC 61850
IEC 61400-25
IEC 61850-7-420
Substation
IEC 61850-90-1
IEC
61
85
0-8
0-1
Between
substations
Ma
pp
ing
to
IE
C 1
01
/10
4
Published (Ed2)
Substation
IEC 61850-1...-10
Legend:
Maintenance
Center
Control Center
New Title:
Communication
networks and systems
for power utility
automation
Battery storage
Electr. vehicles
Distribution
Automation IEC 61850-90-8
IEC 61850-90-9
IEC 61850-90-7
IEC 61850-90-6
Syn
ch
rop
ha
so
rs
Usin
g IE
C 6
18
50
Ongoing
IEC
61
85
0-9
0-2
Co
nd
itio
n M
on
ito
rin
g
IEC
61
85
0-9
0-2
IEC
61
85
0-9
0-5
IEC 61850-90-4
Network Engineering
Guideline
Published (Ed1)
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 9
Synchrophasor technology Standards
2000 2005 2010 2011 2012
Future WAMS
(WAMPACS?)
IEC 61850 Standard
IEEE 1344 Standard
IEEE C37.118 Standard
IEC 61850-90-5 Technical Report
PSGuard V1.0
IEEE C37.118 Standard
PSGuard V2.0
PSGuard V1.8
1995
IEEE C37.244 Guide
RES670 PMU
RES521 PMU
Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard V.2.0 and RES670
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 10
RES670
PSGuard V.2.0
RES521
Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 13
PSGuard Applications
Event Driven Data Archiving
Data Storage and Export
Phase Angle Monitoring
Voltage Stability Monitoring
Line Thermal Monitoring
Event Driven Data Archiving
Power Oscillation Monitoring
Power Damping Monitoring
SCADA/EMS integration
Communication gateway
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 14
Advanced Visualization of Raw Measurements
Voltage and Phase Angle Profiles
Real-time Power Swing Display
Phasor-assisted or Linear State-estimation
Monitoring & Prediction of Transmission Capacity (Wide Area Monitoring)
Voltage Stability Monitoring
Power Oscillation Monitoring
Line Thermal Monitoring
Coordination of Actions in Emergency Situations (Wide Area Control and Protection)
Emergency FACTS/HVDC setpoint rescheduling
Wide-area control for Damping of Power Oscillations
WAMS Application Overview
© ABB Group May 31, 2013 | Slide 15
Conclusions
A number of applications already tested since 2003
Voltage Stability Monitoring (VSM)
Power Oscillation Monitoring (POM)
Line Thermal Monitoring (LTM)
Power Damping Monitoring (PDM)
Ongoing Research / Pilot activities
Phasor data analytics and visualization
Mixed AC/DC system planning, control, and protection
Wide-area coordinated control of FACTS and HVDC
Islanding detection and operation
Cyber-physical security – IT solutions vs. engineering solutions?